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How the world's largest cork company makes 22 million wine stoppers a day 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Half of the world's <keyword id="10734636" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="cork-wine-stoppers">cork wine stoppers</keyword> come from Portugal's <keyword id="336371" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Cork">cork</keyword> oak trees.</li><li>These trees are protected under Portuguese law, so they can only be harvested every nine years.</li><li>We visit the Alentejo forests to see how the cork bark is harvested so it doesn't hurt the trees. </li></ul>

How 40 million cork wine stoppers a day are harvested in Portugal

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Cork has been used as a wine stopper for centuries and is still the stopper of choice for a <a href="https://top100.winespectator.com/2016/">large majority</a> of top-quality wines.&#xa0;</li><li>These corks come from the outer layer of the oak tree, which eventually grows back.</li><li>Portugal is a primary producer of the material. It has the largest cork oak forest by area in the world.</li><li><strong><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></strong></li></ul><p>The process of harvesting the cork oak takes precision, years of practice, and a good axe.</p><p>In the Alentejo region of Portugal, workers spend their summers delicately removing the outer layers of the trees by hand before sending them to be processed into something more recognizable: cork.&#xa0;</p><p>Natural cork has been used in winemaking for centuries and is still the stopper of choice for <a href="https://top100.winespectator.com/2016/">89% of Wine Spectator's top 100 wines</a>.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><p>Portugal has the <a href="https://www.apcor.pt/en/montado/forest/">largest cork oak forest</a> by area in the world.</p><p>While it takes around 15 years for a cork oak tree to grow its first layer of cork, it is harvested in cycles of nine years. And only from the third harvesting on - or 27 years later - the raw material called amadia cork is ready for processing.&#xa0;</p><p>Cork worker Simão Fortio started harvesting cork when he was 15 years old. At 45, he has been harvesting cork for over 30 years. He explained that he and other workers harvest the cork during the summer with axes. Oftentimes, men work in pairs to help each other, "very carefully not to harm the tree."&#xa0;</p><p>"It's very difficult. It takes a lot of knowledge to remove the cork without hurting the tree," Fortio said.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><p><a href="http://www.apcor.pt/en/media-center/statistics/">Portugal is the world leader</a> not only in cork extraction, harvesting 100,000 tons of it a year, but also in selling cork products.</p><p>&#xa0;"2018 was an historical year for the cork industry," said João Rui Ferreira, President of the Portuguese Cork Association. For the first time, Portugal exported more than 1 billion euros' worth of cork, he added.&#xa0;</p><p>Wine stoppers make up the majority of the market, representing 70% of total exports.</p><p>"Knowing that 40 million cork stoppers are produced daily in Portugal, it's very likely that when you're opening a wine bottle, the cork stopper is coming from Portugal," Ferreira said.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><p>After a period of rest, the cork planks are ready for the first stage of the industrial process: the boiling.</p><p>Raw cork is boiled for at least one hour to reduce its humidity, making it softer. The planks are trimmed to size and then punched to form the natural cork stoppers.</p><p>Seven out of 10 bottles of wine in the world use cork as its choice of stopper material, Ferreira said<em>.&#xa0;</em></p><p>"[Cork] exports have been growing in average of 4.5% over the last 10 years, which is a growth that is bigger than the wine industry's," Ferreira added. "It shows that [the Portuguese Cork Association is] not only taking part of the growth of the wine business [but] taking market share back to cork out from some competitors as artificial closures."</p><p>Wine tourism manager for Companhia das Lezírias, Olena Cherkashyna, said cork has benefits beyond aging a wine and maintaining its quality; it's also more ecological than other kind of stoppers, like plastic or metal.</p><p>Ferreira said that the Portuguese Cork Association tries to not waste any of the cork produced. "Even the smallest residues, the powder we have from the retrification from small parts of our production, we use to produce energy."&#xa0;</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><p>APCOR sees the battle against single-use plastic as an opportunity for cork.</p><p>"All of the product that we extract from the tree, is used no only in cork stoppers, but also in other applications from construction to automotive industry, to aerospace, sports, fashion, clothes," Ferreira said.</p><div></div>

Portugal makes 40 million cork wine stoppers a day. We visited a cork forest to see how they're made.

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11963487" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wine" source="Orion">Wine</keyword> storage can affect a wine's longevity and taste.</li><li>Store unopened wines on their side in a cool, dark place with at least 50% humidity.</li></ul><p>From inexpensive bottles to highly-sought collectibles, wine is a living and breathing thing that can continue to develop in the bottle, which is why rules around storing wine can be exacting. </p><p>"Unless you're opening the bottle very nearly after purchase, storage becomes a key part of the bottle's story, its provenance," says Walker Strangis, fine wine specialist and owner of Los Angeles-based <a href="https://www.walkerwineco.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Walker Wines</a>. </p><p>Provenance — where the wine comes from and how it has been handled — affects how a wine tastes in the end. "You went through the trouble of selecting and paying for a specific wine, so you should want it to taste the way the winemaker intended," says Strangis. "That can only happen if the bottle is stored properly." </p><p>Regardless of the dollar amount or age of the bottle, quality storage conditions are critical to avoid damaged or flawed wine, so here are some tips to help keep your bottles in great shape. </p><p>According to Strangis, the general consensus in the wine industry is that ideal wine storage is at 55 degrees Fahrenheit with approximately 60% humidity. The easiest way to achieve this is with a dedicated wine fridge, but if that isn't an option, a few simple guidelines can help achieve optimum wine storage conditions at home.</p><h2>1. <strong>Store your wine according to your goal</strong></h2><p>Are you storing your wines for weeks, months, or years? Wines that are being stored for shorter amounts of time can be kept at the typical 55 degrees Fahrenheit, but for wines that warrant extensive cellaring (think age-worthy Burgundy or Barolo that you want to save for a decade or longer) you can opt for slightly lower temperatures. </p><p>"Humidity should always be above 50 percent but you can store at 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit if you want your wine to shut down for long-term storage," says Strangis. </p><p>Conversely, storing wines at 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit will allow you to age wines a little quicker without causing them any harm — this is useful for wines that you intend to open sooner than later. </p><h2><strong>2. Aim for a consistent temperature</strong></h2><p>"The thing that most commonly 'kills' wine is a constant fluctuation of temperatures," says Strangis. "Wine stored in a part of your house that cycles from 75 degrees during the day to 65 degrees at night for even a few weeks will do unpleasant things to the wine that cannot be undone." Choose an area that maintains a fairly consistent temperature, preferably without light — a cool closet or basement can work wonderfully.</p><h2><strong>3. Store bottles on their side</strong></h2><div type="image" title="Wine bottles on their side." height="1412" width="2122" msid="91476404" hostid="261"></div><p>Wine connoisseurs will tell you that storing bottles on their side is imperative — it helps to keep the cork moist. A dry cork can start to shrink, making it susceptible to leaking or for air to enter the bottle, causing the wine to oxidize. Note that this is mostly applicable to wines meant for longer-term storage as it would take at least a few weeks for a cork to be affected by being stored upright; no need to worry about horizontal storage for ready-to-drink wines, like Sauvignon Blanc, or any wine  that comes with a screw top cap. </p><h2><strong>4. Keep away from direct and indirect light </strong></h2><p>Direct sunlight, electric fluorescent, and UV lighting can cause wines to age prematurely. If you must add light to your wine storage area, go for dimmable LED lights which emit very minimal heat and are less likely to damage your wine.</p><h2><strong>5. Consider professional storage</strong></h2><p>If you find yourself with more wine than you can safely store in your current home, Strangis strongly suggests seeking out off-site, professional wine storage facilities with adequate climate control and space to grow your collection. "They're not just for the uber wine geeks," says Strangis. "They take the pressure off if you find yourself with more than a case or two stacked up in your hallway."</p><h2><strong>6. Be just as gentle with opened bottles</strong></h2><div type="image" title="Close up of a wine cork that says ‘Tuscany.’" height="1412" width="2122" msid="91476405" hostid="261"></div><p>"A good rule of thumb is that an opened bottle will be fine for a day but not more," says Strangis. While there are certain high-end wines that may get better with some exposure to air, most wines will become oxidized, where the wine loses its intended color and flavor. </p><p>You can recork your bottle with its original cork, or you can use reusable stoppers (like the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rabbit-W6121-Beverage-Stoppers-Assorted/dp/B005N0WCE4/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored">Rabbit silicone stoppers</a> for still wine, or <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Champagne-BGMAX-Stainless-Sparkling-Accessories/dp/B07DHJWP7C" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored">this champagne sealer</a> for sparkling wines). To prolong the life of your opened wine, Strangis suggests buying a cheap vacuum pump (like the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Vacu-Vin-Black-Saver-stoppers/dp/B07ZTXD1R6" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored">VacuVin</a>) to remove some of the oxygen from the bottle prior to recorking it. </p><p>Just like with unopened wine, a cool, dark place is the best kind of storage for your opened bottle of red, white, rose, or sparkling. You can place the recorked bottle in your wine refrigerator or regular refrigerator overnight to enjoy the following day. If you like your red wines at room temperature, be sure to remove them from the fridge an hour before serving to let them warm up a bit. </p><h2><strong>7. Try not to store wine in your kitchen refrigerator</strong></h2><p>Conventional refrigerators are colder and less humid than wine refrigerators and aren't ideal for storing wine for more than a day or two. If you're interested in investing in a temperature-controlled wine fridge, <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/home/best-wine-fridge" target="_blank" rel="noopener">our guide</a> is a good place to start. </p><h2><strong>8. Avoid excessive vibrations</strong></h2><p>Keep your wines away from the tops of refrigerators, washers and dryers, or any other appliance that could create vibration. Exposing wine to vibration can accelerate certain chemical reactions that occur during cellaring, causing your wine to age quicker than expected or create unpleasant changes to flavors and aromas. </p><h2><strong>Insider's takeaway </strong></h2><p>Wine storage is a key part of a wine's story, and can affect its taste and longevity. Ideally, unopened wine should be stored at a consistent temperature, with very little exposure to light, and minimal agitation. To extend the life of opened bottles for an additional day, use a vacuum pump to remove excess oxygen, recork, and store in a cool place.</p>

How to properly store wine before and after it's opened, according to industry professionals

<ul class="summary-list"><li>When possible, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/gifts/best-champagne" target="_blank" rel="noopener">drink Champagne</a> the day it's opened for the best flavor and carbonation levels.</li><li>A Champagne stopper can help keep opened Champagne drinkable for longer.</li><li>Store unopened Champagne <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/kitchen/best-wine-rack" target="_blank" rel="noopener">on its side</a> to keep the cork moist.</li></ul><p>Whether we're talking about true Champagne, made in the Champagne region of France, or other bubbly <keyword id="11963487" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wine" source="Orion">wine</keyword>, you can always count on a bottle or two to be cracked for special occasions with friends or family.</p><p>"Champagne is one of my favorite wines," says Adam Goddu, beverage manager at <a href="https://stonesthrowpizzavt.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stone's Throw Pizza</a> in Richmond, Vermont. "I especially love grower Champagne, made by small farmers instead of large corporations. You get more character and a better value for your dollar."</p><p>Though Champagne doesn't go bad in that it won't become dangerous to drink, it can quickly lose its signature character once opened, says Goddu. "Whenever possible, drink Champagne the day you open it. Each bottle holds about five glasses, so grab a couple friends and split a bottle between you," he says.</p><h2><strong>How long does unopened Champagne last?</strong></h2><p><strong></strong></p><div type="image" title="Three bottles of unopened Champagne sitting in a large bowl of ice" height="2000" width="2666" msid="88532877" hostid="261"></div><p>If an unopened bottle of Champagne is stored properly, it can last a very long time — even for generations, says Goddu. "If it has a year on the label, that wine can be aged for a good long while," he says.</p><p>Long-term <keyword id="11898263" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="storage" source="Orion">storage</keyword> of Champagne is best done on its side to keep the cork from drying out and oxidizing which can compromise the flavor. It should also be kept at cellar temperature — between 50 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit — and out of direct light.</p><p>If it's stored in your fridge, Champagne can last a while too, but the dryness and temperature fluctuations from opening and closing the door won't make it quite as age-worthy. It also can pick up odors from <keyword id="11894142" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="food" source="Orion">food</keyword> stored nearby. Ideally, Champagne stored in your fridge should be consumed within six months to ensure its quality. </p><p>That goes for any type of sparkling wine made in the traditional method, says Goddu, including Cremant and Cava. Sparkling wine like Prosecco is made slightly differently and is not age-worthy in the same way. Try to drink Prosecco within six to twelve months of purchase.<strong> </strong></p><h2><strong>How long does opened Champagne last?</strong></h2><p><strong></strong></p><div type="image" title="A bottle of champagne being poured into two coupe glasses" height="1414" width="1885" msid="88532878" hostid="261"></div><p>"I really recommend drinking Champagne the day you open it," says Goddu.</p><p>If you don't plan on finishing your bottle of Champagne and intend on revisiting it, Goddu recommends popping a champagne stopper atop your bottle. "That will give you an extra day or so to enjoy the bottle," he says. "It won't be quite the same, but still pretty good."</p><h2><strong>How to tell if Champagne has gone bad</strong></h2><p>"Champagne is intended to be enjoyed carbonated," says Goddu. "So if it's lost that texture, then it's not how the producer intended." If you enjoy drinking Champagne sans bubbles, though, there's nothing wrong with that. "It's still very well-made wine," he says, "Just not really what it could be."</p><p>If your Champagne has gone flat, Goddu recommends saving it for cooking. "I rarely have leftover Champagne, honestly, but it would be great to deglaze a pan with or to add to risotto," he says.</p><p>Champagne's flavor can also be affected by improper storage. If a bottle loses its effervescence before it's been opened or smells or tastes sour or musty, the Champagne may be past its prime. It may be less pleasurable to drink, but it won't harm you.</p><h2><strong>Insider's takeaway</strong></h2><p>Champagne and other sparkling wines can last a while when stored unopened on their side in a cellar or wine fridge. Once opened, they're best enjoyed on the spot. If that's not feasible for you, grab a Champagne stopper and try to drink it within 24 hours. Worst case scenario, your flat Champagne will make a great cooking wine.</p>

Does Champagne go bad? A bottle can last for years if stored properly

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/two-female-friends-drinking-wine-restaurant-597891329?src=Q2RGjpNqNHg_eAHE8rTm1g-1-9">Smeilov Sergey / Shutterstock</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>There are plenty of mistakes people make when drinking wine, according to wine judge, writer, and consultant Sarah Abbott.</strong></li><li><strong>People often don't spend enough on a bottle - and an extra couple of pounds or dollars can make all the difference.</strong></li><li><strong>An open bottle only lasts for a couple of days - and even red wine should be kept in the fridge when open.</strong></li><li><strong>Scroll down to see the rest of the mistakes people make, and how to fix them.</strong></li></ul><p><br />From <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mistakes-people-make-buying-ordering-and-drinking-whisky-2017-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">whisky</a> and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mistakes-people-making-when-buying-ordering-and-drinking-gin-2018-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gin</a> to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mistakes-people-make-when-buying-ordering-and-drinking-rum-and-what-to-do-instead-2018-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rum</a> and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mistakes-youre-making-buying-ordering-and-drinking-tequila-2018-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tequila</a>, there are plenty of mistakes people make when buying, ordering, and drinking liquor - but there are even things you could be doing wrong when enjoying a humble glass of wine.</p><p>Business Insider spoke to Sarah Abbott, an official Master of Wine and International Wine Challenge (IWC) judge who has worked in the industry for 15 years, to find out the most common errors wine drinkers make.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>IWC</span></p><p class="caption">Sarah Abbott.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Coming from a family of restauranteurs, Abbott said that when her mother got a job running a country hotel, "Chablis started appearing in the fridge" along with "posh cheese" and she started getting into the world of wine.</p><p>Now, she's the director of wine events and education company Swirl, is a wine writer, and works with companies in the industry advising on wine sourcing and marketing.</p><p>"I consult to all sorts of clients, judge at IWC, work with the beautiful weirdos of wine, and work with unusual wines to get them into the market," she said, adding that she also runs consumer events to "help people discover what they like and try new things."</p><p>Here are all of the mistakes people make when buying, ordering, and drinking wine, according to Abbott.</p><h2>1. Thinking screw top means cheap</h2><p>"The biggest mistake is people thinking screw cap is for cheap wines," she said. "Those days are long gone, people have got to let go of that old idea.</p><p>"Screw cap is fantastic for aromatic wines, [because] you don't have the risk of cork taint. Especially with wines from the new world and New Zealand, some of the best wines are bottled as a screw cap."</p><p>Still, she added that more traditional wine producing countries and regions that specialise in reds tend to stick to a cork because it is "more resilient when it's being moved around," while when a screw cap gets knocked, it's more likely to break the seal.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/female-hand-unscrews-screw-cap-red-319276520?src=OUcWBCkFdC_aGpTLPMAL3w-1-53">Photosiber / Shutterstock</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>2. Not spending enough</h2><p>This may seem easier said than done, but spending just a few pounds or dollars more can make all the difference.</p><p>Of the UK, Abbott explained: "We have such high duty in this country, one of the highest rates through Europe. If you do buy a cheap wine, if you're buying it at £5.99, so much of that is being taken up by duty. If you go from £7.99 or £8.99, the amount of money actually going into the liquid/bottle doubles immediately.</p><p>"People don't realise that by spending £2 more you get so much more for your money."</p><p>She said that if you're on a budget, try to buy one decent £8 or £9 bottle a week instead of two £4 bottles.</p><p>"If you're really on a budget, drink beer," she joked. "Wine is quite expensive to produce, and there are other options for easygoing drinks. Wine is a bit more of a treat."</p><h2>3. Buying grapes and brands you know</h2><p>"People tend to have a lack of confidence in their own taste, [and they] also tend to be a bit conservative," Abbott said.</p><p>"The thing to bear in mind with the UK wine market, the range of wines we have available in this country is astonishing, it's really quite hard to go wrong.</p><p>"If you're looking for something really tasty and delicious at a good price, the lesser-known names, grape varieties, and countries are a fantastic way to find value."</p><p>She added: "People allow themselves to be a bit intimidated by wine, [but] we have fantastic wine buyers in this country at every area of the market. People could afford to be a lot more brave and adventurous."</p><h2>4. Not shopping at wine stores</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/dinnerseries/8229814589">Flickr / Didriks</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>If you need an extra push to discover something new, it's worth checking out a specialist wine shop instead of your local grocery store, according to Abbott.</p><p>"People think they'll be intimidating or expensive but they're really not," she said. "You can say: 'I'm eating this,' or 'I want to buy a present for a friend and I normally like this' - everyone from Oddbins to the new independent specialists [will help].'"</p><h2>5. Ignoring award-winners</h2><p>"Look for wines that have won awards. If you see something has got a medal but you've never heard of it, it's worth giving it a try.</p><p>"We see some amazing and surprising wines come through, and people can really have fun with that, they should have a lot of confidence with that."</p><h2>6. Assuming cheap whites are worse than cheap reds</h2><p>It's a myth that cheap whites are worse than cheap reds, according to Abbott.</p><p>"If you are very sensitive to tannins, which you get in red wines, a modest quality red can be a bit rustic in its tannins, perhaps a bit unbalanced. At least with white wine you haven't got the tanin to worry about."</p><p>However, she added that there are other ways for a modest quality (cheap) white wine to lack in taste.</p><p>Overall, she said: "There's not a lot of bad wine, [but] there's quite a lot of boring wine."</p><h2>7. Not asking a bartender for their wine selection</h2><p>"When I order wines by the glass, I always say 'Which wines do you have by the glass?'</p><p>"If you go to a place, what should always happen, if you say 'I'd like a glass of white wine,' they'll say A, B, or C - if they just hand you a glass of white wine it's probably a sign they're not taking it seriously."</p><p>She added that when that happens, you're probably better off ordering a gin and tonic.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/waiter-uniform-white-towel-offers-visitors-607417865?src=lYhM8pZUkz6cUHs5RK0z_g-1-0">bondvit / Shutterstock</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>8. Saying no when a waiter asks if you'd like to try the wine</h2><p>"When they say 'Would you like to try the wine?' you should always say yes," she said. "It's not whether or not you like it, it's whether or not it's faulty.</p><p>"You should always have the chance to try the wine. What you're looking for is any off flavours - cardboardy, corked wine [which] tastes a bit musty."</p><p>And, if it doesn't taste right, Abbott said you should "have the confidence to say it's off - don't say 'just pour it.'"</p><h2>9. Overfilling your glass</h2><p>"People tend to overfill their glass. If you have a glass of wine, with each pour just fill it to about ⅓ full of the glass," Abbott said, adding that this allows the aromas to develop in the glass.</p><p>"White wine doesn't get warm too quickly, and if it's red, it allows the wine to breathe."</p><p>She added that it also slows your drinking down slightly for more responsible consumption.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/andreas/3775981805/in/photolist-6KETQz-fXwE1-cj7zrj-o6Mxew-56vxJL-8C9E7M-5kyVQs-5QA7VB-5QEpdJ-5HqqR2-any4XC-5QA7TH-8ykKNT-8yoH71-bjEAHD-dW2wF-rXZvLS-9sPvbP-dmggkA-ajMGjC-84P6Gi-6rK18t-9ddJ2m-ai6LSv-6Fxvvs-r1rwTG-F2jAXd-ai9zMW-jZJS42-3U5R7R-9EZmfU-ph4Tjg-6sVvbR-pGq7dL-a3RSvC-qLRAPx-6UPtEw-5vfgjf-9HYKAX-4Wtt3-pMGWLs-85RP8g-a84tcZ-cqq9Gb-abe8zj-8asLYB-7RudRy-4Lwhtc-5mb1xa-4opoX8">Flickr / andreas</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>10. Drinking red wine warm and white wine cold</h2><p>"People tend to serve white wine too cold and red wine too warm," Abbott said. "The colder you serve a white wine the less you can taste it, the more it deadens the aromas."</p><p>However, she added that if you bought a cheap white wine in desperation, "chill that to the max."</p><p>"With red, if you let it warm naturally to room temperature that goes really well," she said, adding that lighter-bodied reds, like Tempranillo and Beaujolais, are perfectly served lightly chilled, especially in the summer.</p><h2>11. Storing it standing up</h2><p>"If you're storing a special bottle for any more than a couple of weeks or months, store it lying down, on its side, and try to keep it away from bright lights and high temperatures," Abbott said. "It doesn't have to be cool, just stable.</p><p>"You don't want temperatures that get very hot and very cold - a wine rack in the kitchen, as long as it's not next to a cooler, [should] be fine."</p><p>She added that for really fine wines - five, 10, or 15 years old - it's worth looking into storage solutions that keep humidity and temperatures more controlled.</p><p>However, for standard wines, "a wine rack in a cool, stable, not bright place is absolutely fine."</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/rack-bottles-wine-blank-label-443487991?src=-LMjwR-ardZuKM3ldD20pA-1-73">Sherra / Shutterstock</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>12. Keeping an open bottle for too long</h2><p>Some of us may crack open a bottle and come back to it a number of times over the course of a week or two.</p><p>However, the longest wine should last is a week - and that's only when it's a strong, sweet wine like port, medeira, or sherry.</p><p>"The more alcohol and sugar in the wine the more preserved it is," Abbott said. With sweet wines, she said: "Once you open them they'll last for a week, as long as you put a cork back in and put them in the fridge."</p><p>For white wine, if a cork or stopper is used and it's kept in the fridge, it will still only last one to two days, or two to three for red - which should also be kept in the fridge, which keeps them "cool and fresh," she said.</p><p>"If you find you're not drinking all of your wine and you want to have more later in the week, you can get inexpensive vacu-stoppers that have a pump action and take the air out of the bottle," she added. "You can keep white wine three to four days like that, red wine four to five days."</p>     <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/what-happens-when-hold-in-your-pee-too-long-2018-6">What happens when you hold in your pee for too long</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

All of the mistakes people make when buying, ordering, and drinking wine - and what to do instead

<p>Whether we're talking about true Champagne, made in the Champagne region of France, or other bubbly wine, you can always count on a bottle or two to be cracked for special occasions with friends or family.</p><p>"Champagne is one of my favorite wines," says Adam Goddu, beverage manager at <a href="https://stonesthrowpizzavt.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stone's Throw Pizza</a> in Richmond, Vermont. "I especially love grower Champagne, made by small farmers instead of large corporations. You get more character and a better value for your dollar."</p><p>Though the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/gifts/best-champagne">best Champagne</a> doesn't go bad in that it won't become dangerous to drink, it can quickly lose its signature character once opened, says Goddu. "Whenever possible, drink Champagne the day you open it. Each bottle holds about five glasses, so grab a couple friends and split a bottle between you," he says.</p><h2>Top picks for the best Champagne</h2><div type="image" title="Several hands hold glasses for a Chamagne toast." height="1500" width="2000" msid="106134647" hostid="261" sizebytes="94224"></div><p><strong>We picked a few of the best tasting and most readily available bottles of the best Champagne, cava, and more:<br /><br /></strong></p><ul><li><strong>Best Champagne:</strong> Henriot Brut Souverain NV — <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=4ebdc0ca50256c16e799f91ad42ab8410b5277150fad22b291e8bdab056882d2&amp;postID=628f975fa2374776c7e88247&amp;postSlug=guides%2Fkitchen%2Fdoes-champagne-go-bad&amp;site=in&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wine.com%2Fproduct%2Fhenriot-brut-souverain%2F84831" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See at Wine.com</a></li><li><strong>Best Prosecco:</strong> Rebuli Prosecco Cartizze — <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=df49e544489c772b215419bebeedd1e65535d92cacfc44bd6825b7494e6fa10c&amp;postID=628f975fa2374776c7e88247&amp;postSlug=guides%2Fkitchen%2Fdoes-champagne-go-bad&amp;site=in&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalwine.com%2Fwine%2Fchampagne-sparkling-wine%2Fprosecco%2Frebuli-prosecco-cartizze%2Fp%2F104527750" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See at Total Wine</a></li><li><strong>Best cava: </strong>Segura Viudas — <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=203be95f3d42897814430907f3ac90ccaaa3b1b4932641240f47c553cdd5944a&amp;postID=628f975fa2374776c7e88247&amp;postSlug=guides%2Fkitchen%2Fdoes-champagne-go-bad&amp;site=in&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalwine.com%2Fwine%2Fchampagne-sparkling-wine%2Fcava%2Fbrut%2Fsegura-viudas-brut-reserva-cava%2Fp%2F89867750" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See at Total Wine</a></li><li><strong>Best sparkling wine: </strong>McBride Sisters Black Girl Magic Sparkling Brut — <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=6d5b402b8724dd5192d5a6f64398004a10c4e84e6859600a28f002cc1dd9e40f&amp;postID=628f975fa2374776c7e88247&amp;postSlug=guides%2Fkitchen%2Fdoes-champagne-go-bad&amp;site=in&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalwine.com%2Fwine%2Fchampagne-sparkling-wine%2Fsparkling-wine%2Fmcbride-sisters-black-girl-magic-sparkling%2Fp%2F231807750" target="_blank" rel="noopener">See at Total Wine</a></li></ul><h2><strong>How long does unopened Champagne last?</strong></h2><p><strong></strong></p><div type="image" title="Three bottles of unopened Champagne sitting in a large bowl of ice" height="2000" width="2666" msid="106134648" hostid="261" sizebytes="150250"></div><p>If an unopened bottle of Champagne is stored properly, it can last a very long time — even for generations, says Goddu. "If it has a year on the label, that wine can be aged for a good long while," he says.</p><p>Long-term storage of Champagne is best done on its side to keep the cork from drying out and oxidizing which can compromise the flavor. It should also be kept at cellar temperature — between 50 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit — and out of direct light.</p><p>If it's stored in your fridge, Champagne can last a while too, but the dryness and temperature fluctuations from opening and closing the door won't make it quite as age-worthy. It also can pick up odors from food stored nearby. Ideally, Champagne stored in your fridge should be consumed within six months to ensure its quality.  </p><p>That goes for any type of sparkling wine made in the traditional method, says Goddu, including Cremant and Cava. Sparkling wine like Prosecco is made slightly differently and is not age-worthy in the same way. Try to drink Prosecco within six to twelve months of purchase.<strong> </strong></p><h2><strong>How long does opened Champagne last?</strong></h2><p><strong></strong></p><div type="image" title="A bottle of champagne being poured into two coupe glasses" height="1414" width="1885" msid="106134649" hostid="261" sizebytes="130236"></div><p>"I really recommend drinking Champagne the day you open it," says Goddu.</p><p>If you don't plan on finishing your bottle of Champagne and intend on revisiting it, Goddu recommends popping a champagne stopper atop your bottle. "That will give you an extra day or so to enjoy the bottle," he says. "It won't be quite the same, but still pretty good."</p><h2><strong>How to tell if Champagne has gone bad</strong></h2><p>"Champagne is intended to be enjoyed carbonated," says Goddu. "So if it's lost that texture, then it's not how the producer intended." If you enjoy drinking Champagne sans bubbles, though, there's nothing wrong with that. "It's still very well-made wine," he says, "Just not really what it could be."</p><p>If your Champagne has gone flat, Goddu recommends saving it for cooking. "I rarely have leftover Champagne, honestly, but it would be great to deglaze a pan with or to add to risotto," he says.</p><p>Champagne's flavor can also be affected by improper storage. If a bottle loses its effervescence before it's been opened or smells or tastes sour or musty, the Champagne may be past its prime. It may be less pleasurable to drink, but it won't harm you.</p><h2><strong>Insider's takeaway</strong></h2><p>Champagne and other sparkling wines can last a while when stored unopened on their side in a cellar or wine fridge. Once opened, they're best enjoyed on the spot. If that's not feasible for you, grab a Champagne stopper and try to drink it within 24 hours. Worst case scenario, your flat Champagne will make a great cooking wine.</p>

Does Champagne go bad? Here's how to tell and storage tips

<p><strong><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div></strong></p><ul><li><strong>President Donald Trump released a list of $200 billion worth of Chinese goods that may be subject to tariffs.</strong></li><li><strong>The list represents a major escalation of the Trump-China trade war.</strong></li><li><strong>The list is massive, covering everything from tuna to wooden doors to industrial chemicals.</strong></li><li><strong>Check out the highlights below.</strong></li></ul><p>President Donald Trump <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-china-tariff-list-trade-war-escalation-2018-7">escalated the trade war with China</a> on Tuesday with the release more than $200 billion worth of Chinese exports to the US that could be subject to new tariffs.</p><p>As opposed to previous tariffs, which focused mostly on industrial goods, the <a href="https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/301/2018-0026%20China%20FRN%207-10-2018_0.pdf">roughly 200-page list</a> runs the gamut - from consumer products to food to industrial chemicals. This means American consumers are likely to notice any potential price increases right away.</p><p>If Trump follows through on this threat, just under 50% of all Chinese imports would be subject to a tariff.</p><p>Here's a rundown of the major goods that are on Trump's new list:</p><ul><li><strong>Meat:</strong> pork; beef intestine; rabbit meat; venison; frog legs</li><li><strong>Fish and seafood:&#xa0;</strong>live fish including&#xa0;ornamental fish, trout, eels, tuna, and carp; chilled or frozen meat of various types of trout, salmon, halibut, plaice, sole, albacore, tuna, herring, mackerel, cobia, swordfish, pollack, whiting, catfish, rays, and more; various types of salted or smoked fish; other seafood including various types of lobsters, crabs, shrimps, prawns, oysters, scallops, mussels, clams, squid, octopus, conchs, abalone, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins.</li><li><strong>Non-meat animal products such as eggs and dairy:&#xa0;</strong>Whey products; butter; various types of eggs including chicken; honey; hair of animals including human, hog, horse and badger; animal intestines, bladders; feathers; bones including shells, beaks, corals, hooves, antlers, and more.</li><li>&#xa0;<strong>Vegetables:&#xa0;</strong>onions; garlic; cauliflower and broccoli; cabbage; carrots; turnips; radishes; beats; cucumbers; peas of various types; beans; lentils; celery; mushrooms; peppers of various types; squash; okra; sweet corn; potatoes; sweet potatoes and yams; some types of tomatoes; spinach; Brussels sprouts.</li><li><strong>Fruit and Nuts:</strong>&#xa0;Coconuts; cashews; almonds; hazelnuts; walnuts; chestnuts; pistachios; macadamia nuts; pecans; dates; figs; pineapples; guavas; oranges; mandarins; clementines; raisins; grapes; apples; pears; quinces; peaches; berries including strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, blueberries and others; bananas; a variety of dried fruits; peels of various fruits.</li><li><strong>Cereals:</strong>&#xa0;wheat, including durum wheat; barley; oats; corn; various types of rice; grain sorghum; buckwheat; quinoa; and more.</li><li><strong>Mill products:</strong>&#xa0;flours including those form wheat, corn, buckwheat, rice, rye, other cereals, potatoes, and bananas;&#xa0;groats and meal of various types including wheat, corn, oats, and rice; malt; starches of wheat, corn, potato, and more</li><li><strong>Oil seeds:</strong>&#xa0;soybeans; seeds of sunflower, flax seed, sesame, mustard, poppy and more; planting seeds for certain crops; cocoas and mint leaves; and seaweeds.</li><li><strong>Sugars and candies: </strong>cane sugar; candies with no cocoa</li><li><strong>Breads and Pasta:&#xa0;</strong>uncooked pasta; various breads, pastries, cakes, and biscuits.</li><li><strong>Prepared vegetables and fruits:</strong> various vegetables and fruits previously listen in their prepared or preserved forms; various fruit jams including strawberry, pineapple, apricot, and more; peanut butter; various fruit juices including orange, pineapple, lime, grape, apple, and more.</li><li><strong>Other food items:</strong> soy sauce; condiments and seasonings; protein concentrates.</li><li><strong>Beverages and vinegars:</strong> water, including mineral water; fruit or vegetable juices and juice mixes; beer from malt; wine, including rice wine; ethyl alcohol; vinegars</li><li><strong>Food processing waste and animal feed:</strong> brans from processing; oil cakes; dog or cat food; animal feed</li><li><strong>Tobacco products:</strong> various types and preparations of tobacco; tobacco refuse; cigars; cigarettes; smoking tobacco</li><li><strong>Salts and minerals:</strong>&#xa0;salt/sodium chloride; sulfur; graphite; quartz; types of clays; chalk; slate; marble; granite; sandstone; dolomite; gypsum; some plasters; some types of cement; mica; Epsom salts</li><li><strong>Ores, slag, and ash:</strong>&#xa0;ores of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, chromium, tungsten, uranium, titanium, silver, other precious metals, and others; slag, various types of ash.</li><li><strong>Mineral fuels and oils:</strong>&#xa0;coal; lignite; peat; coke; tars; various types of light oil; various types of kerosene; petroleum oils; liquefied fuels including natural gas, propane, butane, ethylene, and&#xa0;petroleum;&#xa0;oil shale and tar sands</li><li><strong>Inorganic Chemicals:</strong>&#xa0;chemicals such as chlorine,&#xa0; sulfur; carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon; acids including sulfuric, nitric, and more; various types of fluorides, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, and more. (See full list below.)</li><li><strong>Organic chemicals:</strong>&#xa0;(See full list below.)</li><li><strong>Fertilizers:</strong> animal or vegetable fertilizers; urea; ammonium sulfate; sodium nitrate; and more.</li><li><strong>Tanning and drying extracts, dyes, and paints</strong></li><li><strong>Essential oils, perfumes:&#xa0;</strong>perfume; lip or eye make up preparations; manicure or pedicure products; shampoo; hairspray; bath salts.</li><li><strong>Soaps and cleaning products</strong>: various types of soap; leather and textile treatments; polishes for shoes and furniture.</li><li><strong>Glues, adhesives, and enzymes</strong></li><li><strong>Cigarette lighter fluid</strong></li><li><strong>Photographic goods:</strong> various types of photo plates; instant film; various types of film in rolls; various types of motion picture film.</li><li><strong>Various chemical products:</strong> pesticides; herbicides; fungicides</li><li><strong>Plastics:</strong> vinyl flooring and other plastic floor and wall coverings; sausage casings; bags; gloves including baseball gloves; rain jackets; machinery belts.</li><li><strong>Rubber:</strong>&#xa0;latex; rods, tubes, and other products; conveyor belts; various types of transmission belts; various types of&#xa0;pneumatic tires; gloves; gaskets; dock fenders.</li><li><strong>Raw hides and leather:</strong>&#xa0;animal skins including cow, buffalo, sheep, goats, reptile; various types of leather made from&#xa0;cow, buffalo, sheep, goats, reptile; leather trunks and suitcases; leather handbags; CD cases; gloves including ski, ice hockey, and typical use; belts; fur clothing, incluidng artificial fur.</li><li><strong>Wood:</strong> fuel wood; charcoal; various types of wood including oak, beech, maple, ash and cherry; moldings; rods; particleboard; various types of plywood; doors; corks and stoppers; wicker and bamboo baskets.&#xa0;</li><li><strong>Wood pulp products</strong></li><li><strong>Paper:</strong> Newsprint; writing paper; vegetable parchment; carbon paper; self-adhesive paper; cigarette paper; envelopes; tablecloths; handkerchiefs; folders.</li><li><strong>Silk</strong></li><li><strong>Wool or animal hair products:</strong>&#xa0;cashmere; yarns; tapestries and upholstery.</li><li><strong>Cotton:</strong> fibers; thread; yarn; denim; satin.</li><li><strong>Flax</strong>: yarn; fabrics</li><li><strong>Man-made textiles:</strong>&#xa0;polypropylene;&#xa0;rayon;&#xa0;nylon; polyester</li><li><strong>Other textile products, rope, twine:</strong> hammocks; fish nets; carpets;</li><li><strong>Fabrics:</strong>&#xa0;corduroy; gauze; terry towel; lace; badges; embroidery</li><li><strong>Headgear</strong>: caps; hairnets; wool hats; safety headgear like hard hats; head bands.</li><li><strong>Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos:</strong> stone for art; marble slabs; roofing slate; millstones; sandpaper; floor or wall tiles; cement bricks.</li><li><strong>Ceramics:&#xa0;</strong>fire bricks; pipes; tiles; porcelain and china.</li><li><strong>Glass and glassware:</strong> balls; rods; drawn or blown glass; float glass; tempered safety glass; mirrors;&#xa0;carboys, bottles, jars, pots, flasks, and other containers; microscope slides; woven fiberglass</li><li><strong>Precious stones and pearls:</strong> diamonds; silver and products made of silver; gold and products made of gold; platinum; palladium.</li><li><strong>Iron and steel and products derived from the metals:&#xa0;</strong>drums; tubes; pipes; doors; windows; screws; horseshoes;&#xa0;</li><li><strong>Copper</strong>: plates; cables; tubes; pipes; springs</li><li><strong>Nickel:</strong> bars; rods; wires</li><li><strong>Aluminum:&#xa0;</strong>powder; cable; wire; screws.</li><li><strong>Various metal products, tools, cutlery:</strong>&#xa0;industrial items made from lead, zinc, tin, and more; saw blades; bolt cutters; hammers; wrenches; crow bars.</li><li><strong>Machinery, both industrial and retail:</strong> steam turbines; engines; fuel-injection pumps; air compressors; air conditioning machines; refrigerators; cream separators; hydraulic jacks; escalators; manure spreaders; copiers; automatic beverage-vending machines</li><li><strong>Electronics:</strong> vacuum cleaners; hair clippers; spark plugs; generators; bicycle lights; electric amps; television cameras; various types of TVs; video projectors.</li><li><strong>Vehicles and parts:</strong> axles; driving shafts; gear boxes; radiators.</li><li><strong>Parachutes</strong></li><li><strong>Ships and boats:</strong> sailboats;&#xa0;motorboats; canoes;&#xa0;yachts.</li><li><strong>Instruments for scientific or medical purposes:</strong> microscopes; cameras for non-art purposes; gauges for pressure, electrical currents, and more.</li><li><strong>Clocks and watches</strong></li><li><strong>Furniture, bedding, mattresses:</strong> car seats; wood chairs; furniture designed for offices, kitchens, and more; mattresses; chandeliers; lamps.</li><li><strong>Assorted items</strong>: buttons; stamps; paintings; collections of zoological, botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, archaeological interest; antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years</li></ul><p>&#xa0;</p><div><p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;">   <a title="View China tariff list on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/383657448/China-tariff-list#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;">China tariff list</a> by <a title="View Brett LoGiurato's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/187024194/Brett-LoGiurato#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;">Brett LoGiurato</a> on Scribd</p></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/north-korean-defector-calls-out-kim-jong-un-terrorist-singapore-summit-2018-6">North Korean defector: Kim Jong Un 'is a terrorist'</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div></hr>

Trump wants to hit another $200 billion worth of Chinese imports with tariffs - here's what could get slammed

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>President Donald Trump announced tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese goods on Monday, escalating the US-China trade war.</li><li>The tariffs will apply to a slew of Chinese goods, ranging from minerals to food to clothing.</li><li>The US Trade Representatives office removed almost 300 items from an initial list released in July.</li><li>But&#xa0;<span>5,745 Chinese goods will still get hit. </span></li><li><span>We complied the major categories of goods that will be subject to the tariffs.</span></li></ul><p>President Donald Trump kicked the trade war with China into high gear Monday, formally announcing the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-china-trade-war-tariff-chinese-goods-2018-9">imposition of tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese goods</a>.</p><p>The tariffs cover a wide array of goods, from minerals used in manufacturing, to vegetable juices, to leather handbags. All of the goods with face a 10% duty until the start of 2019, when the tariffs will jump to 25%.</p><p>While the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-china-trade-war-wilbur-ross-tariff-price-increase-2018-9">Trump administration is downplaying</a> the effect of the tariffs, many economists expect prices for these goods will increase once the tariffs are officially imposed on September 24.</p><p>The new list of goods that will be subject to the tariffs was released by the US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer's office on Monday.</p><p>The final list is notably different from the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-china-tariff-full-list-of-goods-products-2018-6">previous round of tariffs</a> on $50 billion worth of Chinese goods, because there are consumer products on the list. The previous round focused <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-tariffs-trade-war-prices-go-up-2018-4">almost exclusively on industrial equipment</a> and machinery, while the new round includes items like hats, TVs, and food.</p><p>There were 297 items removed from the USTR's initial list, released in July, after the public comment period</p><p>Those include:</p><ul><li>Certain consumer electronics including smartwatches and bluetooth devices</li><li>Certain industrial chemicals used for manufacturing textiles</li><li><span>Certain health and safety products including bicycle helmets</span></li><li><span>Certain types of child safety furniture including high chairs and car seats</span></li></ul><p><span>The USTR did not specify how it determined which products to remove beyond assertions that the official followed an inter-agency procedure and listened to feedback from businesses. The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-trade-tariffs-apple-products-cloud-industry-2018-9?r=UK&amp;IR=T">smartwatch removal drew interest</a> after it was revealed that Apple, makers of the Apple Watch, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/09/18/trumps-tariffs-wont-bite-apple-illustrating-tim-cooks-political-sway/">directly lobbied the White House</a>.</span></p><p><span>Even with the removals, 5,745 full or partial tariff lines are included on the final list that represent roughly $200 billion worth of Chinese imports.</span></p><p><span>Here's a breakdown of the major categories included in the list:</span></p><ul><li><strong>Meat:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>pork; beef intestine; rabbit meat; venison; frog legs</li><li><strong>Fish and seafood:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>live fish including ornamental fish, trout, eels, tuna, and carp; chilled or frozen meat of various types of trout, salmon, halibut, plaice, sole, albacore, tuna, herring, mackerel, cobia, swordfish, pollack, whiting, catfish, rays, and more; various types of salted or smoked fish; other seafood including various types of lobsters, crabs, shrimps, prawns, oysters, scallops, mussels, clams, squid, octopus, conchs, abalone, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins.</li><li><strong>Non-meat animal products such as eggs and dairy:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>Whey products; butter; various types of eggs including chicken; honey; hair of animals including human, hog, horse and badger; animal intestines, bladders; feathers; bones including shells, beaks, corals, hooves, antlers, and more.</li><li><strong>Vegetables:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>onions; garlic; cauliflower and broccoli; cabbage; carrots; turnips; radishes; beats; cucumbers; peas of various types; beans; lentils; celery; mushrooms; peppers of various types; squash; okra; sweet corn; potatoes; sweet potatoes and yams; some types of tomatoes; spinach; Brussels sprouts.</li><li><strong>Fruit and Nuts:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>Coconuts; cashews; almonds; hazelnuts; walnuts; chestnuts; pistachios; macadamia nuts; pecans; dates; figs; pineapples; guavas; oranges; mandarins; clementines; raisins; grapes; apples; pears; quinces; peaches; berries including strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, blueberries and others; bananas; a variety of dried fruits; peels of various fruits.</li><li><strong>Cereals:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>wheat, including durum wheat; barley; oats; corn; various types of rice; grain sorghum; buckwheat; quinoa; and more.</li><li><strong>Mill products:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>flours including those form wheat, corn, buckwheat, rice, rye, other cereals, potatoes, and bananas; groats and meal of various types including wheat, corn, oats, and rice; malt; starches of wheat, corn, potato, and more</li><li><strong>Oil seeds:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>soybeans; seeds of sunflower, flax seed, sesame, mustard, poppy and more; planting seeds for certain crops; cocoas and mint leaves; and seaweeds.</li><li><strong>Sugars and candies:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>cane sugar; candies with no cocoa</li><li><strong>Breads and Pasta:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>uncooked pasta; various breads, pastries, cakes, and biscuits.</li><li><strong>Prepared vegetables and fruits:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>various vegetables and fruits previously listen in their prepared or preserved forms; various fruit jams including strawberry, pineapple, apricot, and more; peanut butter; various fruit juices including orange, pineapple, lime, grape, apple, and more.</li><li><strong>Other food items:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>soy sauce; condiments and seasonings; protein concentrates.</li><li><strong>Beverages and vinegars:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>water, including mineral water; fruit or vegetable juices and juice mixes; beer from malt; wine, including rice wine; ethyl alcohol; vinegars</li><li><strong>Food processing waste and animal feed:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>brans from processing; oil cakes; dog or cat food; animal feed</li><li><strong>Tobacco products:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>various types and preparations of tobacco; tobacco refuse; cigars; cigarettes; smoking tobacco</li><li><strong>Salts and minerals:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>salt/sodium chloride; sulfur; graphite; quartz; types of clays; chalk; slate; marble; granite; sandstone; dolomite; gypsum; some plasters; some types of cement; mica; Epsom salts</li><li><strong>Ores, slag, and ash:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>ores of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, chromium, tungsten, uranium, titanium, silver, other precious metals, and others; slag, various types of ash.</li><li><strong>Mineral fuels and oils:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>coal; lignite; peat; coke; tars; various types of light oil; various types of kerosene; petroleum oils; liquefied fuels including natural gas, propane, butane, ethylene, and petroleum; oil shale and tar sands</li><li><strong>Inorganic Chemicals:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>chemicals such as chlorine, sulfur; carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon; acids including sulfuric, nitric, and more; various types of fluorides, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, and more. (See full list below.)</li><li><strong>Organic chemicals:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>(See full list below.)</li><li><strong>Fertilizers:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>animal or vegetable fertilizers; urea; ammonium sulfate; sodium nitrate; and more.</li><li><strong>Tanning and drying extracts, dyes, and paints</strong></li><li><strong>Essential oils, perfumes:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>perfume; lip or eye make up preparations; manicure or pedicure products; shampoo; hairspray; bath salts.</li><li><strong>Soaps and cleaning products</strong>: various types of soap; leather and textile treatments; polishes for shoes and furniture.</li><li><strong>Glues, adhesives, and enzymes</strong></li><li><strong>Cigarette lighter fluid</strong></li><li><strong>Photographic goods:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>various types of photo plates; instant film; various types of film in rolls; various types of motion picture film.</li><li><strong>Various chemical products:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>pesticides; herbicides; fungicides</li><li><strong>Plastics:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>vinyl flooring and other plastic floor and wall coverings; sausage casings; bags; gloves including baseball gloves; rain jackets; machinery belts.</li><li><strong>Rubber:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>latex; rods, tubes, and other products; conveyor belts; various types of transmission belts; various types of pneumatic tires; gloves; gaskets; dock fenders.</li><li><strong>Raw hides and leather:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>animal skins including cow, buffalo, sheep, goats, reptile; various types of leather made from cow, buffalo, sheep, goats, reptile; leather trunks and suitcases; leather handbags; CD cases; gloves including ski, ice hockey, and typical use; belts; fur clothing, incluidng artificial fur.</li><li><strong>Wood:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>fuel wood; charcoal; various types of wood including oak, beech, maple, ash and cherry; moldings; rods; particleboard; various types of plywood; doors; corks and stoppers; wicker and bamboo baskets.</li><li><strong>Wood pulp products</strong></li><li><strong>Paper:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>Newsprint; writing paper; vegetable parchment; carbon paper; self-adhesive paper; cigarette paper; envelopes; tablecloths; handkerchiefs; folders.</li><li><strong>Silk</strong></li><li><strong>Wool or animal hair products:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>cashmere; yarns; tapestries and upholstery.</li><li><strong>Cotton:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>fibers; thread; yarn; denim; satin.</li><li><strong>Flax</strong>: yarn; fabrics</li><li><strong>Man-made textiles:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>polypropylene; rayon; nylon; polyester</li><li><strong>Other textile products, rope, twine:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>hammocks; fish nets; carpets;</li><li><strong>Fabrics:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>corduroy; gauze; terry towel; lace; badges; embroidery</li><li><strong>Headgear</strong>: caps; hairnets; wool hats; head bands.</li><li><strong>Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>stone for art; marble slabs; roofing slate; millstones; sandpaper; floor or wall tiles; cement bricks.</li><li><strong>Ceramics:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>fire bricks; pipes; tiles; porcelain and china.</li><li><strong>Glass and glassware:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>balls; rods; drawn or blown glass; float glass; tempered safety glass; mirrors; carboys, bottles, jars, pots, flasks, and other containers; microscope slides; woven fiberglass</li><li><strong>Precious stones and pearls:</strong><span>&#xa0;industrial diamonds;&#xa0;</span>silver and products made of silver; gold and products made of gold; platinum; palladium.</li><li><strong>Iron and steel and products derived from the metals:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>drums; tubes; pipes; doors; windows; screws; horseshoes;</li><li><strong>Copper</strong>: plates; cables; tubes; pipes; springs</li><li><strong>Nickel:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>bars; rods; wires</li><li><strong>Aluminum:<span>&#xa0;</span></strong>powder; cable; wire; screws.</li><li><strong>Various metal products, tools, cutlery:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>industrial items made from lead, zinc, tin, and more; saw blades; bolt cutters; hammers; wrenches; crow bars.</li><li><strong>Machinery, both industrial and retail:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>steam turbines; engines; fuel-injection pumps; air compressors; air conditioning machines; refrigerators; cream separators; hydraulic jacks; escalators; manure spreaders; copiers; automatic beverage-vending machines</li><li><strong>Electronics:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>vacuum cleaners; hair clippers; spark plugs; generators; bicycle lights; electric amps; television cameras; various types of TVs; video projectors.</li><li><strong>Vehicles and parts:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>axles; driving shafts; gear boxes; radiators.</li><li><strong>Parachutes</strong></li><li><strong>Ships and boats:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>sailboats; motorboats; canoes; yachts.</li><li><strong>Instruments for scientific or medical purposes:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>microscopes; cameras for non-art purposes; gauges for pressure, electrical currents, and more.</li><li><strong>Clocks and watches</strong></li><li><strong>Furniture, bedding, mattresses:</strong><span>&#xa0;</span>car seats; wood chairs; furniture designed for offices, kitchens, and more; mattresses; chandeliers; lamps.</li><li><strong>Assorted items</strong>: buttons; stamps; paintings; collections of zoological, botanical, mineralogical, anatomical, historical, archaeological interest; antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years</li></ul><p>Here is the full list, via the USTR:</p><p>&#xa0;</p><div><p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;">   <a title="View US-China Tariff List 09.17.18 on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/388885888/US-China-Tariff-List-09-17-18#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;">US-China Tariff List 09.17.18</a> by <a title="View Brett LoGiurato's profile on Scribd" href="https://www.scribd.com/user/187024194/Brett-LoGiurato#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;">Brett LoGiurato</a> on Scribd</p></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-trump-maga-hat-factory-california-make-america-great-again-2018-8">Inside the Trump MAGA hat factory</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

You Searched For "cork wine stoppers" and got 10 results

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