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<ul class="summary-list"><li>OpenAI just secured $6.6 billion in its latest funding round.</li><li>The company asked investors not to back its rivals like Elon Musk's xAI, per Reuters.</li></ul><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk">Elon Musk</a> is once again throwing shots at the artificial intelligence company he co-founded.OpenAI, which Musk co-founded with CEO Sam Altman and 9 other people in 2015, said on Wednesday that it completed a record funding round of $6.6 billion at a $157 billion valuation, making it the most valuable startup in the world.That funding round, which included <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-investors-latest-funding-round-2024-10">big-name investors</a> like Thrive Capital, Microsoft, and Nvidia, had a stipulation that Musk isn't so happy with: Don't support OpenAI's rivals.According to anonymous sources speaking with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-tells-investor-not-invest-five-ai-startups-including-sutskevers-ssi-2024-10-02/">Reuters</a>, OpenAI asked investors for an exclusive funding agreement, in which they would refrain from backing five of its competitors.The list, according to the report, was Perplexity, Glean, Anthropic, Ilya Sutskever's Safe Superintelligence, and Musk's xAI, which developed Grok.The Financial Times <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.ft.com/content/66e0653e-c446-47b2-8a7f-baa54ccbfb9a">also reported </a>that OpenAI sought exclusivity.On Wednesday, Musk responded to posts on X criticizing OpenAI's request. He twice wrote, "OpenAI is evil."After leaving OpenAI in 2018, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-elon-musk-and-sam-altman-relationship-feuds-2023-3#musk-has-taken-shots-at-openai-on-several-occasions-since-leaving-6">Musk's relationship with the company and Altman</a> became increasingly combative.In February 2020, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-criticizes-openai-dario-amodei-artificial-intelligence-safety-2020-2">Musk</a> criticized the company for a lack of transparency and commitment to safety.In March, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-drops-lawsuit-against-sam-altman-and-openai-2024-6">Musk</a> accused the company in a lawsuit of violating its founding principle of building AI that benefits humanity. He later dropped the suit.In August, Musk filed <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-sues-openai-sam-altman-again-why-2024-8">another lawsuit against OpenAI</a>, this time arguing that the executives "deceived" him into cofounding the company.Musk and a spokesperson for OpenAI did not respond to a request for comment.While the request for an exclusive funding round is rare, it's not unprecedented, according to venture capitalists who spoke with the FT.Uber and Lyft, for example, asked investors not to back their rivals for six months to a year during fundraising rounds well before their initial public offerings, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-and-lyft-force-investors-to-play-favorites-1424811518">The Wall Street Journal </a>reported in 2015.Some of OpenAI's investors have already backed other AI startups. SoftBank, for one, has been <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-softbank-investment-ai-vision-2024-10">doubling down</a> on hardware and software after a string of disastrous pre-pandemic bets, like WeWork.

Elon Musk called OpenAI 'evil' for telling investors not to fund his company and other rivals

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mira Murati announced her departure from OpenAI last week.</li><li>In an X post, Murati wrote, "I'm stepping away because I want to create the time and space to do my own exploration."</li></ul>Venture capitalists are clamoring to meet with Mira Murati, the former CTO of OpenAI, as Silicon Valley expects her to start her own company soon."We're trying to get in front of her," said one venture investor. "I cold-emailed her," another investor told Business Insider.Murati did not respond to a request for comment.In a X post, Murati <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mira-murati-openai-cto-leaving-executive-memo-staff-2024-9">announced her departure</a> from OpenAI last week. Murati wrote, "My six-and-half years with the OpenAI team have been an extraordinary privilege…There's never an ideal time to step away from a place one cherishes, yet this moment feels right."Murati also added, "I'm stepping away because I want to create the time and space to do my own exploration."VCs have been <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-investments-vcs-startups-valuations-2024-3">competing</a> to be among the first checks into a startup founded by former OpenAI employees. Dozens of former OpenAI staffers, including the startup's other cofounders, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/former-openai-employees-who-left-launch-vc-backed-ai-startups-2024-1">have gone on to start companies over the past few years.</a> Former OpenAI chief scientist Ilya Sutskever raised $1 billion for AI research lab Safe Superintelligence, reported <a target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-co-founder-sutskevers-new-safety-focused-ai-startup-ssi-raises-1-billion-2024-09-04/">Reuters</a>. Andrej Karpathy started Eureka Labs focused on applying AI to education.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-invests-4-billion-in-anthropic-2023-9">Anthropic was started in 2021</a> by Dario Amodei and a group of researchers within OpenAI. Aravind Srinivas, a former research scientist at OpenAI, founded the San Francisco-based AI search engine <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/perplexity-raising-new-funding-generative-ai-2024">Perplexity.</a>Murati joined OpenAI in 2018 to work on supercomputing strategy. She had previously worked at Tesla, focused on the electric car maker's Model X vehicle. At OpenAI, Murati oversaw the teams that developed the company's two flagship products, ChatGPT and Dall-E.In response to Murati's sudden departure, OpenAI CEO <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-openai-future-abundant-energy-intelligence-growth-2024-9">Sam Altman</a> wrote on X, "I obviously won't pretend it's natural for this one to be so abrupt, but we are not a normal company, and I think the reasons Mira explained to me (there is never a good time, anything not abrupt would have leaked, and she wanted to do this while OpenAI was in an upswing) make sense."This comes amid OpenAI's latest <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-fundraising-150-billion-valuation-new-funding-round-altman-thrive-2024-9">fundraise of $6.5 billion.</a> Thrive Capital is leading the latest round with a $1 billion investment at a valuation of $150 billion before the investment, with SoftBank, Coatue, and Microsoft also participating, reported <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=f904b52b37104c96afbbf0032cfadafdf6f3ce2c5e74e4595b74136eef000573&amp;postID=66fb0d20e5b54083003d2c8f&amp;postSlug=mira-murati-exits-openai-venture-capitalist-startup-2024-9&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinformation.com%2Farticles%2Fsoftbank-to-invest-500-million-in-openai%3Frc%3D8tzurb">The Information</a>. OpenAI is also restructuring from a nonprofit subsidiary to a for-profit benefit corporation and planning to give Altman equity for the first time, reported <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-remove-non-profit-control-give-sam-altman-equity-sources-say-2024-09-25/">Reuters.</a>Two other technical executives– Bob McGrew, chief research officer, and Barret Zoph, vice president of research– also announced their departures last week. Altman and Wojciech Zaremba are the only co-founders remaining from the 11-person founding team.Zaremba wrote in a viral X post, "Their departures made me think about the hardships parents faced in the Middle Ages when 6 out of 8 children would die prematurely," he wrote. "Despite the profound loss, the parents had to accept it and find deep joy and satisfaction in the 2 who survived."

VCs are rushing to meet with former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati in hopes of funding a new company

Back in November 2022, when <keyword id="19918826" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ChatGPT" source="keywords">ChatGPT</keyword> was launched for the public, interest around <keyword id="19896272" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="generative-AI" source="keywords">generative AI</keyword> reached new heights. The AI chatbot’s ability to respond to questions in a manner as if a human being was talking left many people surprised as well as awestruck. Soon, AI became a buzzword in the tech industry and investors started pouring funds heavily into AI companies. <h2><keyword id="19959576" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Dunzo" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Dunzo" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Dunzo">Dunzo</keyword> co-founder staring his <keyword id="20128843" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI-company" source="keywords">AI company</keyword></h2>In May, an Economic Times report based on insights from market research firm Tracxn said that AI startups in India have already raised USD 91.7 million in funding so far this year, which is a significant increase from USD 29.6 million during the same period last year. And now, former <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/quick-commerce-platform-dunzo-lays-off-30-of-its-workforce/articleshow/99290084.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Dunzo </a>chief <keyword id="22628971" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mukund-Jha" source="keywords">Mukund Jha</keyword> is reportedly looking forward to start his own AI company. A Moneycontrol report citing sources said that Jha is in discussions to raise between Rs 50-80 crore (approximately $6-10 million) from <keyword id="22628972" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Together-Fund" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Together Fund" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Together Fund">Together Fund</keyword> for his new venture. This comes after Jha stepped down from the board of the cash-strapped startup Dunzo last year. Jha's new venture reportedly focuses on generative <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/ai-startup-neysa-raises-20-mn-from-matrix-partners-nexus-venture-partners-more/articleshow/109181059.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">artificial intelligence</a> (Gen AI) and aims to automate quality assurance (QA) processes. "Think of it as a blend of AI and SaaS," an insider told Moneycontrol. QA involves creating and running tests, identifying errors, and providing feedback to ensure products meet quality standards. <h2>What happened with Dunzo?</h2>The delivery startup Dunzo delivers essential goods like groceries, household items, fruits and vegetables, pet supplies, pharmaceuticals etc to people locally. Supported by <keyword id="19901342" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reliance-Retail" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Reliance Retail" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Reliance Retail">Reliance Retail</keyword>, the startup has faced strong competition from companies like Zepto, Swiggy, and BlinkIt. Despite raising around $500 million, Dunzo has struggled to secure additional investment and manage payroll. In February, there were rumors that Flipkart might acquire the platform, but there have been no updates on this matter since. Dunzo, on the other hand, was making headlines earlier this year for facing various financial struggles. The company’s top investor Lightbox also exited in May this year. On the other hand, the company is reportedly experiencing a cash crunch and owes approximately Rs 11.4 crore to various vendors, including Google India, Nilenso, Clover Ventures, Facebook India, Cupshup, Koo, and Glance. <h2>About Together Fund</h2>Together Fund, from which Jha is reportedly going to raise funds for his new venture, has invested in over 20 companies across various SaaS sectors, including recruitment, sales intelligence, marketing, healthcare, and cloud solutions for connected devices. “Our areas of focus span across SaaS, enterprise software, developer tools, open source software, cloud-native infrastructure and API-first businesses. We typically invest early (seed, pre A or series A) to help founders through the crucial zero-to-one part of their journey,” the company’s website reads. Together Fund was founded in 2021 by Girish Mathrubootham of Freshworks, Manav Garg of Eka Software, and Shubham Gupta formerly of Matrix Partners India. It initially raised USD 85 million for its first fund and increased the total to USD 150 million with its second fund announced in 2023

Dunzo co-founder Mukund Jha plans to start his own AI company, seeks to raise up to Rs 80 crore from Together Fund

Both mid-cap and small-cap mutual fund schemes have continued to attract significant investor interest, having garnered about Rs 30,350 crore in inflows during the April-September period of the current financial year. Last year, as data from <keyword id="6359050" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AMFI" source="Orion">AMFI</keyword> showed, the total inflows in both these segments during the same period were only marginally higher at Rs 32,924 crore. Data from Value Research suggests that mid-cap funds have generated 46.25% returns over the past year, while small-cap funds have yielded returns worth 44.17% during the same time. This is far better than their 3-year returns, which stand at 20.67% for midcaps and 21.64% for smallcaps. The returns further moderate over 5 years to 32.44% for small caps and 27.94% for midcaps. Inflows in mid- and small-cap funds have only grown from strength to strength during the current year, despite market watchdog <keyword id="35210" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SEBI" source="Orion">SEBI</keyword> repeatedly highlighting the high risks both these categories entail. Between January and March 2024, small-cap funds saw inflows worth Rs 6,085.27 crore, while mid-cap funds were a little behind, garnering inflows worth Rs 4,887.05 crore. Between April and June this year, small-caps saw inflows worth Rs 7,196.8 crore. At the same time, midcaps saw inflows worth Rs 6,926.60 crore. In line with this increase in inflows, the number of investors (folios) in the two schemes shot up by 1.32 crore year-on-year to nearly 4 crore in the six-month period ended September 30, 2024. Since 2020, the small-cap universe (i.e., companies with a market cap of less than Rs 2000 crores) has grown nearly fourfold, offering investors a wide range of investment opportunities. Data from Trust Mutual Fund also shows that small-cap funds have also emerged as great generators of long-term wealth. Between August 2014 and August 2024, the <keyword id="6354813" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nifty" source="Orion">Nifty</keyword> 100 total return index (TRI) has yielded a CAGR of 14.7%. In contrast, the Nifty smallcap 250 TRI has registered a CAGR of 18.2% "Small caps will continue to grow at a faster rate for years to come. I expect the inflows to continue as Indians want to invest in the high-growth sectors. Small-cap funds should be seen as an integral part of one's portfolio allocation and not a tactical play," Trust Mutual Fund CEO Sandeep Bagla told PTI. Individually, mid-cap funds saw an inflow of Rs 14,756 crore, and small-cap funds attracted Rs 15,586 crore in the first half of FY25. This aggregates the total inflow to Rs 30,342 crore, the data showed. In addition, the stress test in March 2024 has also played a role, reinforcing confidence by ensuring that fund managers are prepared to handle market volatility, Feroze Azeez, Deputy CEO, Anand Rathi Wealth Ltd, said. "With the mid-cap and small-cap segments projected to grow at 20 percent and 25 percent, respectively, in FY25, we expect inflows to remain strong, especially as SIP inflows continue to hit new peaks," he told media.

Investors pour in Rs 30,350 crore in mid and small cap funds in the first half of 2024

In Maharashtra’s Thane district, police have registered a case of alleged fraud involving two construction company owners accused of deceiving a family of ₹1.2 crore. The incident came to light after a 28-year-old woman from Thane’s Rabodi area lodged a complaint against the two accused, who are brothers. The accused allegedly persuaded the woman, her mother, and her sister to invest the substantial sum in their construction company based in Mumbai’s Bandra area. Promises were made of a significant payout within five years or, alternatively, the option of acquiring two or three apartments in the city’s prime real estate zone. According to the complaint, the woman’s family entered the deal on December 31, 2022, convinced by assurances of either a return of ₹3 crore over five years or property options in Bandra. To meet the required investment amount, the family borrowed funds from various sources, entrusting their money with the accused based on the lucrative promises. The police official handling the case noted that the family, enticed by the seemingly profitable terms, had not foreseen the outcome that would follow. In May 2023, however, when the family attempted to reclaim their funds and the anticipated profit, the accused allegedly declined the request. The complainant stated that the brothers not only refused to pay but also reportedly threatened the family, citing powerful connections that would shield them from legal repercussions. This behaviour alarmed the family, leading them to seek legal recourse. The Rabodi police have filed a case against the accused under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, including Section 420 for cheating, Section 406 for criminal breach of trust, and Section 506 for criminal intimidation. Additionally, charges were filed under Section 34, indicating common intention, along with relevant provisions of the Maharashtra Protection of Interest of Depositors Act. The case highlights the dangers that investors may face when lured by high-return promises in unregulated sectors. Fraudulent schemes in real estate and construction have been known to target individuals and families looking for profitable investments, often leaving them with financial losses and emotional distress. Authorities are continuing investigations, with the Rabodi police closely monitoring the case to gather further evidence. This incident is expected to bring more attention to regulatory practices within the real estate industry and underscore the need for stricter oversight to protect potential investors from falling prey to deceitful operators. (with PTI inputs)

Thane family loses Rs 1.2 crore as they get cheated by construction company, details here

Market watchdog SEBI has come out with a consultation paper in a bid to ease the functioning of <keyword id="22476006" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ESG-Rating-Providers" source="keywords">ESG Rating Providers</keyword> (ERPs), pushing for the development of a <keyword id="23760035" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="subscriber-pays-model" source="keywords">subscriber-pays model</keyword>. As of July 2024, nine ERPs are registered with SEBI to operate in the country. These include <keyword id="23760037" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="CRISIL-ESG-Ratings" source="keywords">CRISIL ESG Ratings</keyword> &amp; Analytics, ESG Risk Assessments and Ratings, GlobeTrend Climate Impact Institutional Investor Advisory Services, <keyword id="23760038" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NSE-Sustainability-Ratings" source="keywords">NSE Sustainability Ratings</keyword> and Analytics, PGS Impact, Pragati Development Consulting, CARE ESG Ratings, and SES ESG Research. Per the paper's proposal, ERPs won't be required to disclose ESG (environmental, social, and governance) ratings to the bourses, provided they confirm that there is no non-public information that could potentially affect the rating. Another proposal was the simultaneous sharing of the ESG rating reports both to the rated companies and to the subscribers who pay to access these reports. ERPs should ensure that rated entities, their group companies, or associates cannot subscribe to their own ESG ratings, SEBI said in its consultation paper. Some of the other suggestions put forth by SEBI include: 1. Companies will have a specific timeframe to respond to the ESG report, and any such comments should be included in the report as an addendum. 2. In case the ERP does not agree with the remarks issued by the rated company, they can add their comments to the report as well. 3. ERPs can rate unlisted issuers or other products, provided they meet specific guidelines from relevant regulators. SEBI is receiving public comment on these proposals until November 15, 2024. <h2>Steady returns </h2>Of the 11 ESG mutual fund schemes available to Indian mutual fund investors, the Quant ESG Equity fund has generated the highest returns of about 45.44% over one year, data from ValueResearch showed. Simply put, had you invested Rs 10,000 every month in this fund for three years, you would have accumulated a corpus of Rs 5,47,525. Over three years, the returns on this fund come to around 26%. This was followed by the ICICI Pru ESG Exclusionary Strategy fund, which yielded 44.73% returns over the same period. However, over ultra-short terms, i.e., 1-3 months, ESG funds have largely delivered negative returns, underscoring their suitability only as a long-term investment avenue. Only the SBI ESG Exclusionary Strategy Direct Fund and Quantum ESG Best In Class Strategy Direct Fund have been around for 5 years, during which they have generated returns of about 16.67% and 18.7%, respectively. <keyword id="23760036" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ESG-mutual-funds" source="keywords">ESG mutual funds</keyword> typically select and invest in companies that are ESG-compliant, i.e., who weave in environmental conversation, social welfare, and robust <keyword id="20392393" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="corporate-governance" source="keywords">corporate governance</keyword> practices into their working philosophy and work ethos, while simultaneously generating decent financial returns for stakeholders as well.

SEBI mulls measures to facilitate ease of doing business for ESG Rating Providers (ERPs)

Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) have been rapidly exiting Indian markets, and this high-speed exodus does not look like it will stop anytime soon. In October 2024, FIIs withdrew Rs 1,14,445.89 crores from Indian markets. Yesterday, FIIs withdrew $770.67 million from the markets, with equity outflows of $440.86 million and debt outflows standing at $327.44 million across various categories. Per NSDL data, hybrid outflows amounted to $2.31 million. While this may sound dissuading at first, a recent SBI report underlined that FIIs still hold a massive $ 18.241 billion in Indian markets. So far, FY25 has seen FII inflows worth $ 8.924 billion. However, the situation may quickly turn alarming as well, given that FII holdings in Indian equities have already come down to a 12-year low. Says Anirudh Garg, Partner and Fund Manager at Invasset PMS, "The current valuation of Indian stocks, trading at around 24 times expected earnings, appears high compared to Chinese stocks, which are at approximately 10 times. Economic concerns, including weak corporate earnings and declining consumer demand, further exacerbate this situation. Additionally, renewed fears of inflation and potential monetary tightening by central banks have led FIIs to withdraw from the Indian market." In the meantime, DIIs (domestic institutional investors) are stepping in big time. During October 2024, DIIs infused Rs 1,07,254.68 crore in Indian markets. In November so far, DIIs have been keeping the fund momentum going, infusing Rs 12,265.74 crore in India, while FIIs have offloaded Rs 16,445.49 crore this month. But despite this strong uptick, SBI's recent report suggests that consumer confidence in India remains below 100, signaling muted positivity and optimism in the economy. While household consumption is gradually recovering, it grew at 4% last year, much below the 7% levels recorded pre-pandemic. <h2>FII share in <keyword id="20868945" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NSE-listed-companies" source="keywords">NSE-listed companies</keyword> takes a dip, DII stake rise </h2>FIIs share in NSE-listed companies stood at 15.98% in October, with assets under their custody in the equity segment coming to Rs 71.08 lakh crore last month. In September, this stood at Rs 77.96 crore. Experts suggest that this is likely to continue for some time to come. Mutual funds, on the other hand, saw their share in NSE-listed companies hit a record high of 9.58%, as opposed to their 9.32% stake in September 2024. FIIs turned net sellers in the debt segment as well in October, dumping $771 million in Indian markets. This comes after 2 consecutive months of healthy inflows in this segment in August and September 2024, where the figures stood at $2,806 million and $2,295 million, respectively.

FII stake in Indian equities dips to a 12-year low

ChatGPT competitor <keyword id="20068808" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Perplexity-AI" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Perplexity AI" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Perplexity AI">Perplexity AI</keyword>, backed by <keyword id="20054707" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jeff-Bezos" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Jeff Bezos" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</keyword>, is reportedly in the process of raising significant funds to boost its valuation. According to a report by the Wall Street Journal, the AI firm is seeking to more than double its valuation to over $8 billion through a new fundraising round. Perplexity is reportedly aiming to secure around $500 million in this funding effort, as noted by sources familiar with the matter. The report also added that the company, which has also received backing from <keyword id="19912297" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nvidia" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Nvidia" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Nvidia">Nvidia</keyword>, is growing rapidly and is estimated to have an annualised revenue of around $50 million based on recent sales figures. Perplexity AI is known for its powerful search tools, which allow users to ask questions and receive instant, detailed answers backed by sources and citations. The company utilises a variety of large language models (LLMs) to deliver these results, including OpenAI’s models and Meta’s open-source Llama model. This versatility enables Perplexity to sum up information efficiently and provide users with quick and reliable answers to their queries. Perplexity AI has alsobeen at the centre of some controversy in recent months. In October, the startup received a “cease and desist” notice from the New York Times, which accused the company of using its content to train its <keyword id="19896272" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="generative-AI" source="keywords">generative AI</keyword> tools without permission. This incident highlights the growing tension between AI companies and media outlets over the use of their content for artificial intelligence purposes. This wasn't the first time Perplexity AI had faced such accusations. Other media organisations had previously claimed that the company plagiarised their content. However, in response to these concerns, Perplexity had introduced a revenue-sharing program aimed at compensating publishers whose material is used by its AI systems. This move was seen as an attempt to improve relations with content creators and address some of the ethical concerns surrounding AI’s use of proprietary information.

ChatGPT competitor Perplexity AI seeking to raise $500 million, eyes valuation of over $8 billion

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The University of California, Berkeley, is the top producer of alumni starting tech companies.</li><li>Founded by Jeremy Fiance, The House Fund targets Berkeley-affiliated startups like Databricks.</li></ul>In the last year, tech investors have plowed tens of millions of dollars into Perplexity, the developer of a search engine built from scratch with artificial intelligence. The two-year-old startup <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/perplexity-raising-new-funding-generative-ai-2024">takes in cash like oxygen,</a> having raised <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-startups-rapid-funding-rounds-2024-9">back-to-back funding rounds</a> just months apart, and is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/ai-startup-perplexity-in-funding-talks-to-more-than-double-valuation-to-8-billion-54d36787">said to be in talks</a> to raise a fourth round that would value the startup at $8 billion.Landing a spot on Perplexity's cap table is fiercely competitive, making it all the more noteworthy that The House Fund, a bespoke venture capital firm born from the University of California, Berkeley's ecosystem, secured a place.In 2016, tech investor Jeremy Fiance set up a venture capital firm at his alma mater to invest in startups with ties to top-tier public schools. From an office across from the College of Computing, Data Science, and Society, investors at The House Fund scour their networks for students, faculty, and alumni working to build the next Perplexity, whose CEO Aravind Srinivas is a Berkeley alum, or Databricks, one of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/databricks-acquires-startup-lilac-ai-to-beef-up-its-llm-offerings-2024-3">world's most important data science firms</a> with a private valuation of $43 billion, started by a group of seven Berkeley researchers. The House Fund has backed both."There are only so many companies that matter every year, full stop, in venture," said Zachary Hargreaves, a managing partner at The House Fund. Each year, more firms are "birthed out of Berkeley."<div type="image" title="Two men looking relaxed smile for a photo against a black backdrop." height="2250" width="3000" msid="114433088" hostid="261" sizebytes="116306"></div>In early 2020, Hargreaves <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/30-rising-venture-capitalist-investors-silicon-valley-tech-2018-4">left Founders Fund</a>, where he worked closely with startups like SpaceX and Stemcentrx, to run his own playbook as an advisor and angel investor. During this period, an old classmate from Berkeley, Fiance, started asking his advice about which companies in the portfolio he should reinvest in."I was learning more and more about what The House Fund is from the outside in," Hargreaves said. "It feels very small but then from the inside out, it's actually very big in terms of the opportunity set."In the two years since Hargreaves went full-time, The House Fund has deployed over $125 million into companies. His move from Founders Fund to The House Fund hasn't been previously reported.Investors pay much attention to Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for their conveyor belts of entrepreneurial talent. Neither have spawned quite as many startup founders in the last decade at Berkeley. According to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/pitchbook-university-rankings">PitchBook data</a>, Berkeley has the highest tally of alumni entrepreneurs who have raised venture capital of any public or private school worldwide.Hargreaves predicts that the group will grow as the use of artificial intelligence makes it cheaper and faster for students and alumni to spin up new businesses. "You can actually be three kids in a garage and launch pretty fierce products," he said.With Hargreaves on board, Fiance hopes to invest later in companies it previously backed. His hiring gives the firm the resources and knowledge to help founders shape their businesses into the next generation of Berkeley-born unicorns, as well as diligence them for potential follow-on financing. The House Fund said it can write checks up to $10 million.The House Fund has raised over $330 million from backers, including the Berkeley Endowment Management Company, UC Investments (the office that manages the working capital, retirement savings, and endowment funds for the University of California system), and Ahoy Capital, a boutique fund manager.Hargreaves put the firm's value add this way: "If we are on your cap table, we are a shortcut to anything Berkeley."

These tech investors are trawling UC Berkeley to fund the next Perplexity or Databricks

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Starboard Value has taken a $1 billion stake in drugmaker Pfizer.</li><li>The hedge fund, headed by Jeff Smith, has become one of the most feared activist investors.</li></ul>Pharmaceuticals giant Pfizer got a wake up call Sunday evening when one of Wall Street's most feared activist investors revealed a stake in the company.Starboard Value <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starboard-activist-significant-stake-in-drugmaker-pfizer-2024-10">informed the drugmaker</a> it had taken a position in the firm valued at $1 billion.An activist's aims, whether that's pushing for breakup, M&amp;A, or cost reductions, vary depending on the target. Starboard's turnaround strategy is not yet clear, but Pfizer's share price and revenues have tumbled from the record highs achieved during the pandemic's heights, and Starboard, led by its 52-year-old cofounder Jeff Smith, has a long history of wielding minority stakes to extract board seats and profits from name-brand companies.Over the past decade, Smith has more than doubled the hedge fund's assets under management to $8.5 billion by taking on targets including Salesforce, Starbucks, and the owner of Olive Garden. In that time Starboard has gained a reputation for making life uncomfortable for — and sometimes jettisoning — executives and directors who resist his overtures for change.Pfizer, with a market cap north of $160 billion, is among the largest companies Starboard's Smith has ever targeted. Still, investors seemed to applaud news of its investments on Monday, sending Pfizer's stock up about 3% in morning trading, adding nearly $5 billion to the company's market cap.Moreover, Starboard has reportedly secured support from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/health/pharma/activist-starboard-value-takes-1-billion-stake-in-pfizer-89591cb6?mod=hp_lead_pos4">former Pfizer executives</a> Ian Read and Frank D'Amelio for its campaign.Starboard has experience across the spectrum but is especially good at instilling discipline at the board level and "improving margins and cutting costs at companies that are bloated," said Ken Squire, the founder and president of 13D Monitor, a research firm specializing in shareholder activism.Starboard declined to comment.<h2 id="44e54273-f674-45fa-9c95-4d5153293525">Who is Jeff Smith?</h2>Investor activism has exploded in recent years. The 147 new campaigns globally in the first half of 2024 is a record, building on the all-time high 252 campaigns reached in 2023, according to a July report from investment bank Lazard.Starboard has become one of the most formidable names in the business, even if Smith hasn't yet reached the name recognition of activist investors like Paul Singer (Elliott Management), Carl Icahn (Icahn Enterprises), and Dan Loeb (Third Point Capital).Smith launched Starboard in 2011, spinning it out of a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cowen.com/news/ramius-announces-spin-off-of-value-and-opportunity-business/">small unit at Cowen Group</a> along with a couple of partners, including Peter Feld. Early targets included AOL, where Starboard lost a proxy battle but agitated for changes that boosted the company's stock by 250%, and Office Depot, where Starboard won three board seats, according to <a target="_blank" href="https://fortune.com/2014/12/03/starboard-capitals-jeff-smith-activist-investor-darden-restaurants/">a 2014 story in Fortune</a>.Starboard put corporate America on notice with its campaign in 2013 against Darden Restaurants, the owner of Olive Garden and Longhorn Steakhouse, among other dining chains. With less than a 10% stake Smith replaced the entire 12-person board and assumed the role of chairman. By the time Smith stepped down in 2016, Darden <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/activists-reap-olive-garden-bounty-1459902161">stock had gained nearly 50%</a> and Starboard had accrued more than $500 million in profits.One of the hedge fund's greatest claims to fame involved its <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/activists-reap-olive-garden-bounty-1459902161">improvements to Olive Garden's breadsticks</a>, which Starboard predicted could save the company up to $5 million a year, according to a Wall Street Journal report from 2015.In 2022, Starboard took a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/salesforce-profit-margins-starboard-value-turnaround-2023-8">stake in software giant Salesforce</a>, urging the company to cut costs and improve margins. The company's shares have nearly doubled in the two years since.<div type="image" title="Photo of Marc Benioff of Salesforce speaking on stage." height="1333" width="2000" msid="114027436" hostid="261" sizebytes="41886"></div>Starboard's record isn't without blemishes. Its campaign against meat <a target="_blank" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/02/04/a-primer-on-starboard-the-activist-that-pushed-for-a-staples-office-depot-merger/">processor Smithfield Foods</a> in 2013 fizzled. The hedge fund <a target="_blank" href="https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/09/box-wins-proxy-board-battle-with-activist-">lost a proxy battle</a> with software maker Box in 2021. And in 2019 it dropped a bid to have Bristol-Myers Squibb scrap its merger with Celgene after failing to win over <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/29/starboard-drops-out-of-celgene-fight-as-proxy-firms-back-bristol-myers-bid.html">two major proxy advisory firms</a>.In total, Starboard has initiated 151 activist campaigns, which have generated an average return of 25%, according to data from 13D Monitor.<h2 id="fc0d4b73-d1a3-4a74-a386-7908a74761a7">Ignore at your peril</h2>More recently, the hedge fund has taken positions in dating app owner Match Group, software company Autodesk, and Starbucks.Squire said Smith has a reputation as intense but intelligent and candid. Starboard "can be friendly, but if they're ignored they can also be feared — and they can get tough."In August, Starbucks replaced its CEO amid a campaign from Starboard and Elliott Management.Given Smith's record of winning corporate concessions — or prying them away by force — Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla may be next in the hot seat. Bourla took over in 2019 and guided the drugmaker through the pandemic, boosting annual revenues to $100 billion in 2022 thanks to sales of its COVID-19 vaccine and the antiviral treatment Paxlovid.But missteps ensued. Pfizer misjudged future demand for COVID remedies, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/health/pharma/pfizer-drug-company-cost-cutting-2da7524d?mod=article_inline">according to a WSJ report</a>, and revenues cratered. It has since undertaken multibillion-dollar cost cutting campaigns.For its next act, Pfizer executives wagered heavily on cancer treatments. It shelled out $43 billion last year to acquire Seagen, a Washington-based biotech company focused on developing novel cancer medicines. It expects Seagen's products to yield $3.1 billion in revenue this year and $10 billion in annual revenues by 2030.Still, its share price has fallen more than 50% since reaching an all-time high in December 2021.Starboard's targets cut across industries, including 23 campaigns in the healthcare sector, according to 13D Monitor. Besides Bristol-Myers Squibb, other prior targets include CVS and medical records and technology company Cerner.Pfizer did not respond to a request for comment. <h4 id="cbcdd8ad-013b-426e-8431-6c2b54c6859d">Greatest hits</h4><ul><li>2012: Starboard is credited with spurring AOL CEO Tim Armstrong to sell assets, including the sale of 800 patents to Microsoft for $1.1 billion.</li><li>2013: Starboard secured three seats on the board of Office Depot, which later agreed to merge with Staples before the Federal Trade Commission blocked the merger, citing antitrust reasons.</li><li>2014: Starboard replaced the entire board of Darden Restaurants, owner of Olive Garden. By 2015, Starboard was widely credited with turning Darden Restaurants around in part by rethinking how Olive Garden served its iconic breadsticks.</li><li>2019: Jeff Smith is named chairman of the board of pizza chain Papa John's. He immediately expanded the board by bringing in two new independent directors.</li><li>2022: Starboard urged software giant Salesforce to cut costs and improve its margins. The stock has nearly doubled since Starboard acquired a stake.</li><li>2024: After facing pressure from Elliott Management and Starboard, Starbucks replaced its CEO.</li></ul>

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