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Climate Change Mitigation

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The latest <keyword id="11896289" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="investing" source="Orion">investing</keyword> fad is environmental, social, and governance funds that invest in "responsible" companies. </li><li>But there is no evidence that ESG funds help mitigate <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword>. </li><li>Investors and the <keyword id="11898795" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="sec" source="Orion">SEC</keyword> should be wary of thinking these funds help the environment. </li><li>Bernard S. Sharfman is a research fellow with the Law &amp; Economics Center at George Mason University's Antonin Scalia Law School.</li></ul>Investing fads are nothing new. For example, in the 1990s the stock market was caught up in the dot-com bubble - a massive speculation spree where investors flocked to any and all stocks related to the internet. Eventually the fad faded, the bubble burst, and <a href="https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/trading-investing/dotcom-bubble/">investors lost approximately $5 trillion</a>. The latest fad in investing is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/esg-investing">environmental, social, and governance (ESG) funds</a>. The purpose of these funds is to invest in "responsible" companies as a way to push for social change - particularly for the purpose of mitigating climate change - while at the same time earning market returns. But the problem with this fad when it comes to climate change is that there is no empirical evidence backing up the idea at their core. In fact it seems fairly clear that an investment strategy of overweighting portfolios with securities of companies that produce a relatively low level of carbon emissions has no impact on mitigating climate change. The world just keeps spewing out emissions in spite of the rapid <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/21/millennials-spurred-growth-in-esg-investing-now-all-ages-are-on-board.html">growth and level of investment in ESG funds</a>.<h2><keyword id="12313304" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="esg-investing" source="Orion">ESG investing</keyword> doesn't mitigate climate change </h2>People that understand the data on ESG acknowledge the lack of a connection between the popularity of the products and attaining their supposed goals when it comes to climate change. In a recent LinkedIn post by noted <keyword id="11895316" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="finance" source="Orion">finance</keyword> professor <a href="https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/faculty-profiles/e/edmans-a">Alex Edmans of the London Business School</a>, he agreed with my comment <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aedmans_is-sustainable-investing-really-a-dangerous-activity-6849251042517901312-b31f/">"that ESG investing doesn't mitigate climate change."</a> In another comment, Ashley Hamilton Claxton, the head of Responsible Investment at Royal London Asset Management, wrote, "ESG data is not data, it's <keyword id="11905565" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="opinion" source="Orion">opinion</keyword>. We can't and shouldn't claim direct impact in secondary <keyword id="11893875" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="markets" source="Orion">markets</keyword>. Investors are one cog in the wheel that turns the global economy. You can't change the world or fix climate change by buying and selling shares and bonds." This understanding is also shared by <a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/bill-gates-interview-climate-crisis">Bill Gates</a>, Boston College <a href="https://www.wealthmanagement.com/regulation-compliance/blue-wave-may-derail-dols-rule-esg-retirement-plans">professor Alicia Munnell</a>, and former BlackRock chief investment officer for sustainability <a href="https://www.responsible-investor.com/articles/tariq-fancy-the-fairytale-of-sustainable-investing">Tariq Fancy</a>, among others. The idea behind ESG's impact on climate change is that by moving money away from companies that spew fossil fuels, the funds can effectively make it cheaper for "clean" companies to raise money either through debt or equity offerings and more expensive for "dirty" companies. This sounds good in theory, but does not hold up in reality because the major effects of ESG funds are on the secondary market, where securities are traded but no new money is being raised. <a href="https://www.responsible-investor.com/articles/tariq-fancy-the-fairytale-of-sustainable-investing">As explained by Fancy</a>, investing in ESG funds does not provide new funding for those companies that would help mitigate climate change. "Instead, the money goes to the seller of the shares in the public market." Basically, ESG products are buying stock in companies from other asset managers, not the underlying businesses, so they aren't directly funding these firms at all.Moreover, there are still plenty of investors out there who are willing to invest in the securities of high carbon emissions companies, allowing those companies to raise new funds at less-than-onerous rates. For example, if ExxonMobil, a company under attack for its <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3898607">policy of refusing to move into low carbon energy production</a> and <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/07/01/1012138741/exxon-lobbyist-caught-on-video-talks-about-undermining-bidens-climate-push">lobbying against legislation to mitigate climate change</a>, were to make a $2 billion debt offering with a maturity of 30 years, it would probably only have to pay an interest rate of <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/bonds/finder?p=2&amp;borrower=761576157">around 3% per year</a>. <h2>So, what's with the ESG fad? </h2>If ESG funds do not mitigate climate change, what is the motivation for marketing these funds to investors? The simple answer is that the investment industry, which includes large investment advisers, rating agencies, index providers, and consultants, makes a lot more money when investors purchase shares in ESG funds versus plain vanilla index funds <a href="https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/jregonline/6/">where the management fees sometimes approach zero</a>. Of course, investors have a right to invest in anything they want, including the latest investment fad. However, in doing so, it is important for them to understand that investing in ESG funds will not result in the mitigation of climate change. What they are getting for their money are investment funds with higher management fees and potentially <a href="https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/jregonline/6/">higher levels of unsystematic risk - due to a lack of diversification - relative to comparable non-ESG funds</a>. Finally, the SEC is moving forward on a <a href="https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202104&amp;RIN=3235-AM87AM87">proposed rule</a> that will require a broad range of mandatory climate change disclosures, facilitating the providing of ESG ratings and the creation of ESG funds. For this to take place, the SEC must not only determine that it has legal authority to do so under the applicable legal statutes, which I discuss in <a href="https://www.sec.gov/comments/climate-disclosure/cll12-9270396-251006.pdf">my recent comment letter to the SEC</a>, but also whether it wants to use its discretionary rule-making power in this regard. In coming to a decision on the use of its discretion, I suspect that at least some of the SEC commissioners will be influenced by the presumption that by requiring mandatory climate change disclosures they are going to somehow help mitigate climate change. The incorporation of this presumption may encourage those commissioners to test the limits of their legal authority. However, before doing so, I urge each commissioner to take a critical look at the empirical evidence - not just the marketing hype that is coming out of the investment industry. If they can find good empirical evidence demonstrating that investment in ESG funds provides a significant benefit in mitigating climate change, then it may be appropriate, depending on what the law allows, for the SEC to take a broad based approach to its new disclosure rules.However, I doubt such empirical evidence actually exists, requiring the SEC to take a more restrictive approach in promulgating a new rule on climate change disclosures. In sum, before investors dive into ESG investing and regulators approve new rules that support such investing, I hope all parties take into consideration that such investing will not mitigate climate change.

The 'sustainable' investing fad is based on a Wall Street-created myth

<ul><li>Ocean warming also connects energy, carbon, and water cycles, as it is a key component of the <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">Earth</keyword> system. </li><li>A warmer ocean leads to more intense storms, more deadly rainfall and flooding. </li><li>As humans emit greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, it causes the Earth to warm. </li></ul> A new comprehensive review of global ocean temperature data has allowed researchers to paint a clear picture of ocean warming since the 1950s, and predict future warming scenarios, according to a study released on Tuesday. Researchers found that the rate of warming in the upper 2,000 metres of the ocean in 2010 more than doubled that of 1960, and predicted that if actions were not taken, the rate of ocean warming would be four times larger than the current level by 2090, with dire consequences for all life on Earth, <keyword id="106387" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="xinhua-news-agency" source="Orion">Xinhua news agency</keyword> quoted the study published in Nature Reviews journal as saying. Authors from the University of Auckland, the National Center of Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, and research institutes from China, France, Australia and the UK, said that if the world succeeds in limiting global surface temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, as per the Paris Agreement, the acceleration of ocean warming will stop at around 2030. As humans emit greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, it causes the Earth to warm. The vast majority of the heat ends up in the ocean. Therefore, to understand how fast the Earth's climate is changing, people must look to the ocean and track ocean heat content change. Ocean warming also connects energy, carbon, and water cycles, as it is a key component of the Earth system, according to the study. A warmer ocean brings tremendous consequences to the Earth. Not just to sea life but to the weather patterns across the planet and to the food chain. A warmer ocean leads to more intense storms, more deadly rainfall and flooding, and more powerful typhoons and hurricanes, it said. A consequence of warming is that parts of the planet will become drier, with more heat waves and droughts. Other parts will become wetter as rainfalls happen in bigger downbursts, according to the study. Coastal regions are increasingly vulnerable in association with rising sea levels, storm surges and adverse impacts on ecosystems, the study showed. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/t20-world-cup-sikandar-raza-bowlers-lead-zimbabwe-to-clinical-31-run-win-over-ireland/articleshow/94921708.cms">T20 World Cup: Sikandar Raza, bowlers lead Zimbabwe to clinical 31-run win over Ireland</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/railways-sets-new-record-in-scrap-sales-earns-rs-2582-cr-in-6-months/articleshow/94921491.cms">Railways sets new record in scrap sales, earns Rs 2,582 cr in 6 months</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/govt-seeks-data-on-vacancies-from-psus-roadmap-to-fill-them/articleshow/94916445.cms">Govt seeks data on vacancies from PSUs; roadmap to fill them</a>

Ocean warming rates to quadruple by 2090 if climate change not mitigated: study

<ul class="summary-list"><li>New Yorkers voted yes on Proposal 1 to sell $4.2 billion in bonds to address climate change on Tuesday.</li><li>Proponents said the proposal will allow New Yorkers to prepare for climate change.</li></ul>New Yorkers authorized the state to sell $4.2 billion in bonds to fund climate change mitigation on Tuesday.The measure, called Proposal 1, also known as the Clean Water, Clean Air, and Green Jobs Environmental Bond Act of 2022, passed with a resounding "yes" at the ballot.<h2>Ballot measure details</h2><a href="https://www.elections.ny.gov/2022BallotProposal.html">Proposal 1</a> authorized the New York state comptroller to sell bonds to help fund initiatives that "preserve, enhance, and restore New York's natural resources and reduce the impact of climate change." Up to $1.5 billion will be set aside for climate change projects, such as green building projects, urban forestry efforts, and carbon and methane sequestration. This money will also go toward solving air pollution in disadvantaged communities.Up to $1.1 billion will go to restoration and flood risk reduction, $650 million will go to open space land conservation and recreation, and $650 million to water quality improvements and resilient infrastructure.At least 35% of the funds will be allocated toward communities most affected by climate change.<h2>Support and opposition</h2><a href="https://voteyescleanwaterandjobs.com/">Vote Yes for Clean Water and Jobs</a> was the committee created in support of this measure. Supporters include Democratic Gov. Kathy Hochul, The Nature Conservancy, and other environmental organizations.Supporters argued that the measure would help support jobs in multiple environmental sectors, address environmental issues in disadvantaged communities, fix dated infrastructure, and help New Yorkers prepare for the coming impacts of climate change.Opponents included the <a href="https://www.cpnys.org/2022/10/03/statement-from-new-york-state-conservative-party-chairman-gerard-kassar-vote-no-on-ballot-proposition-1-environmental-bond-act/">New York State Conservative Party</a>, which argued that the bond measure is an unnecessary public debt that the state will take on in addition to its existing $160 billion of debt.<h2>The money race</h2>According to <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/New_York_Proposal_1,_Environmental_Bond_Measure_(2022)">Ballotpedia</a>, more than $4,2 million was poured into supporting this measure. The largest donors include the Nature Conservancy and Scenic Hudson Inc. No opposition committee has been identified.<a href="https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SNY0922-Crosstabs.pdf"></a>

Results: New Yorkers voted yes on Proposal 1, putting money toward climate change mitigation efforts

<keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">Climate change</keyword> may take six months off the average human lifespan, according to a study which found that women and individuals in developing nations are disproportionately affected. The study, published recently in the journal PLOS Climate, evaluated average temperature, rainfall, and <keyword id="14078" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="life-expectancy" source="Orion">life expectancy</keyword> data from 191 countries from 1940-2020. In addition to measuring the isolated impacts of temperature and rainfall, the researchers designed a first-of-its-kind composite climate change index, which combines the two variables to gauge the overarching severity of climate change. Results indicate that in isolation, a <keyword id="1109109" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-temperature" source="Orion">global temperature</keyword> increase of 1 degree Celsius is associated with an average human life expectancy decrease of approximately 0.44 years, or about six months and one week. A 10-point increase in the composite climate change index-which accounts for both temperature and rainfall-is expected to decrease the average life expectancy by six months, the researchers said. Women and individuals in developing nations are disproportionately affected, they said. "The global threat posed by climate change to the well-being of billions underscores the urgent need to address it as a public health crisis, as revealed by this study," said Amit Roy from Shahjalal University of Science and Technology in Bangladesh and The New School for Social Research, U.S. The study emphasises that "mitigation efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and proactive initiatives are essential to safeguard life expectancy and protect the health of populations worldwide," Roy added. Temperature and rainfall-two telltale signals of climate change-cause myriad public health concerns, from the acute and direct (e.g., natural disasters like flooding and heat waves) to the indirect yet equally devastating (e.g., respiratory and mental illnesses), the researchers said. While impacts like these are observable and well documented, existing research has not established a direct link between climate change and life expectancy, they said. The team is hopeful that the composite climate change index will standardise the global conversation about climate change, become a usable metric for the nonscientific public and encourage collaboration and even friendly competition among countries to combat the impacts of climate change. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to a changing environment are of particular importance, the researchers said. To complement this large-scale approach, they suggest localised future studies that consider specific severe weather events (e.g., wildfires, tsunamis, and floods), the impacts of which cannot be fully captured through analysing temperature and rainfall alone.

Climate change may reduce average life expectancy by half a year: Study

Mumbai, Dec 8 () A senior Swedish minister has opined that the US finally quitting the Paris Climate Accord throws up a big opportunity for Stockholm and New Delhi to set an example for the rest of the world on the need for collaborative efforts to meet the challenges of climate change. 
Swedish minister for business, industry and innovation Ibrahim Baylan believes that such a collaboration between the two nations is very possible because of the many shared values and the democratic framework both the countries operate in. This can help fill the void created by the US formally withdrawing from the pact to a large extent, he feels. 
"With the US withdrawing from the Paris Agreement and now that we are daily getting reports on how the climate is changing and the number of people migrating, it is necessary that India and Swedan collaborate and set a good example globally for transitioning to sustainable growth," Baylan told in an interaction during his visit to the city mid last week as part of the royal entourage.
It can be recalled that last month, the US had formally announced its decision to leave the Paris Climate Accord singer by the past president Barack Obama. The Donald Trump administration also formally submitted the relevant notification to the United Nations.
Trump had stated that the decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement was taken because of the "unfair economic burden it imposed on American workers, businesses, and taxpayers".
Baylan notes that there are nearly 100 million refugees globally and if steps are not taken right now , this number will go up to one billion, which is a cause of concern.
"If so many people start to move from their lands, it will create conflicts at a scale we haven't seen before," the minister warned. 
 The minister also said at a time when there are discussions about the transition from pollution and climate change issues which will hit economic growth, it is necessary that India and Sweden take urgent initiatives in the right direction.
"We still have the debate globally if we should do (the transition) or not. Those who are against the transition are arguing that it will lead to job cuts and growth slowdown. But I think, together we could make the transition and at the same time develop the economy and create new jobs," Baylan said.
He further said some of the challenges faced by India are different but the intent and the direction in which the federal government functions is same as Sweden, which is working for the benefit of their citizens.
"Some ways we have a trade off here, but I think we still have opportunities and possibilities to change our way and that's how innovation can power change and development. 
 "We have to change the ways since the direction is the same," Baylan said. PSK BEN DP MR
MR

India, Sweden can collaborate on efforts to mitigate climate change, says minister

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="60973" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="biden" source="Orion">Biden</keyword> unveiled a plan last month to mitigate the economic risks of the <keyword id="11896310" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-crisis" source="Orion">climate crisis</keyword>.</li><li>The report outlines strategies to protect Americans' savings and retirements from climate risks.</li></ul>President Joe Biden has made clear that acting on the climate crisis is a top priority for his administration.On October 15, Biden unveiled a 40-page <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21085651-biden-administration-climate-finance-report">report</a> titled "A Roadmap to Build a Climate-Resilient <keyword id="11893570" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="economy" source="Orion">Economy</keyword>," which focuses on mitigating the financial risks <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> puts on people's retirements, <keyword id="12319211" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pensions" source="Orion">pensions</keyword>, savings, and more. This follows up on an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-climate-change-crisis-economy-executive-order-risk-federal-budget-2021-5">executive order</a> the president signed in May that was dedicated to analyzing and mitigating the risk the climate crisis poses to homeowners, businesses, consumers, and the government. Over the past few years, the US has been hit with a number of extreme weather events, like <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/texas-blackouts-millions-lost-power-in-storm-went-wrong-2021-2">Texas' winter storm</a> in February that caused the state's power grid to largely shut down. Those events have cost Americans more than <a href="https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/time-series">$600 billion</a>, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Biden administration hopes that enacting Friday's plan, along with May's executive order, would help prevent further costs."If this year has shown us anything, it's that climate change poses an ongoing urgent and systemic risk to our economy and to the lives and livelihoods of everyday Americans, and we must act now," Gina McCarthy, the White House national climate advisor, told reporters.Specifically, the report outlines a "whole-of-government" approach to promoting the resilience of the US financial system to climate-related risks, protecting life savings and pensions, incorporating climate-related financial risk into federal lending like mortgages, and building more resilient infrastructure.The report says government agencies such as the Labor, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs departments will work to develop tools to mitigate the financial risks, and they will be releasing subsequent details in coming months.Last week, Biden attended the United Nations climate summit in Glasgow, during which he met with world leaders to agree to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/john-kerry-peer-pressure-humiliation-enforce-climate-crisis-goals-2021-11">reduce</a> harmful greenhouse gas emissions and develop strategies to combat the climate crisis. He stressed benefits fighting climate change would have, including creating jobs and boosting the economy."It's in the self-interest of every single nation," Biden said during <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/11/01/remarks-by-president-biden-at-the-cop26-leaders-statement/">remarks</a>. "And this is a chance, in my view, to make a generational investment in our economic resilience and in our workers and our communities throughout the world. That's what we're going to do in the United States."Biden pledged during his campaign to reduce fossil-fuel usage, and he is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-extreme-weather-wildfire-prevention-infrastructure-plan-lemonade-2021-6">pushing</a> for Democrats' $1.75 trillion social-spending bill to be passed, which includes a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-manchin-clean-energy-biden-climate-crisis-plan-2021-10">$555 billion</a> investment to combat the climate crisis - the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-climate-plan-biggest-investment-reconciliation-glasgow-summit-2021-10">biggest investment</a> in the bill. While there's no question on the urgency of the crisis, the Bank of America economist Ethan Harris wrote in an October note that actions addressing the climate crisis will likely hurt <keyword id="11916717" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="economic-growth" source="Orion">economic growth</keyword> "during the transition from a dirty to green economy" because workers will need to move from one sector to another.But in the long term, as Harris noted, the stunted economic growth will be well worth it. The United Nations in August released a harrowing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-impacts-to-last-millennia-ipcc-report-2021-8">report</a> saying some of global warming's effects will be "irreversible for centuries to millennia," emphasizing how there's no time to wait when it comes to addressing climate change."We are clear-eyed to how climate change poses a systemic risk to our economy," National Economic Council deputy director Bharat Ramamurti said on the press call. "We are taking a precautionary approach that reflects the fact that inaction is not an option."

President Joe Biden has a plan to protect Americans' retirements and savings from the 'urgent and systemic risk' of the climate crisis

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>The New York Times recently reported that the Trump administration is ramping up its efforts to deny the acceleration of climate change - and the government's role in researching it. </li><li>Over the past two years, the EPA has aggressively tried to eliminate or roll back Obama-era environmental protection rules related to minimizing pollution and mitigation of climate change. </li><li>Meanwhile, the US Department of the Interior has paved the way for an uptick in offshore drilling and drilling on previously protected public lands.</li><li>Here are 11 of the most notable ways the administration has given more free reign to polluting industries.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>Last week, The New York Times reported that the Trump administration is ramping up its efforts to deny the acceleration of climate change - and the government's role in researching it. This latest push to minimize the federal government's role in mitigating climate change <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-administration-stepping-up-its-war-against-climate-science-2019-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">will reportedly include defunding the National Climate Assessment</a>, compiled every four years, after last year's report predicted the US would suffer catastrophic ecological and economic consequences from climate change. Under former EPA administrator Scott Pruit and his predecessor Andrew Wheeler, a former coal industry lobbyist, the EPA has <a href="https://news.bloombergenvironment.com/environment-and-energy/26-environmental-rules-being-rolled-back-in-the-trump-era" target="_blank" rel="noopener">aggressively tried to eliminate</a> or roll back Obama-era environmental protection rules related to minimizing pollution and mitigation of climate change. Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-administration-stepping-up-its-war-against-climate-science-2019-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Trump administration is reportedly stepping up its war against climate science by forcing scientists to omit key details from a major report</a>While many attempted rollbacks have been blocked in court for not following proper administrative procedure, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/politics/trump-overruled/?utm_term=.466435b4519e#environmental" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to an analysis from the Washington Post</a>, the administration is still de-regulating the oil, gas, and coal industries at a rapid pace. Meanwhile, the US Department of the Interior has paved the way for an uptick in offshore drilling and drilling on previously protected public lands and national monuments, many of which <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-donald-trump-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">President Donald Trump</a> reduced in size with executive orders. Over the past two-and-a-half years, <a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Geographic</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/10/05/climate/trump-environment-rules-reversed.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The New York Times</a> have been meticulously tracking regulatory rollbacks and changes to environmental policy under the Trump administration, with The Times counting 47 eliminated rules and 31 in the process of being repealed as of last December. Here are 11 of the most notable ways the administration has given more free reign to polluting industries:

11 ways the Trump administration has gutted environmental and public land protections

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Samantha Lee/Business InsiderThe climate change deniers in Congress are overwhelmingly Republican.</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Over 97% of scientists agree that human activity has contributed to the steady warming of the Earth's climate. </li><li>Legislation that hopes to mitigate the potentially disastrous effects of climate change is dependent on the curbing human activity that has a large carbon footprint. </li><li>Despite the consensus among scientists about the urgent need to curb emissions, there are more than 100 current members of Congress who have expressed skepticism about the role humans have played in climate change and the value of limiting our emissions. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>A United Nations climate report released in February said that 2018 was the <a href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/07/new-climate-change-report-2018-was-fourth-warmest-year-on-record/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fourth-warmest</a> year on record, and scientists expect temperatures to keep rising. <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Over 97% of scientists</a> agree that human activity is to blame for the steady warming, and without regulation to curb emissions, the Earth could face disastrous conditions. Standing in the way of securing such regulation are more than 100 current members of Congress, who have expressed skepticism about climate <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="science">science</keyword>, or concerns about the cost of more regulations. All but one are Republican.As congressional lawmakers prepare <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/politics/green-new-deal-proposal-breakdown/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a bundle of new </a><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/politics/green-new-deal-proposal-breakdown/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">proposed </a><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/politics/green-new-deal-proposal-breakdown/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">regulations</a> in the form of the Green New Deal, some long-held opinions among their colleagues could challenge their progress. In the past, dozens of Republican lawmakers have expressed doubts about the scientific reasoning behind passing legislation to mitigate the effects of climate change through votes, tweets, and even comments about the Obama administration's regulations.Here are the members of Congress who have questioned human-caused climate change and their Congressional voting score out of 100% for environmentally friendly votes, courtesy of the environmental group League of Conservation Voters.

You Searched For "climate change mitigation" and got 9 results

Climate Change Mitigation

The 'sustainable' investing fad is based on a Wall Street-created myth

Bernard Sharfman

Ocean warming rates to quadruple by 2090 if climate change not mitigated: study

IANS

Results: New Yorkers voted yes on Proposal 1, putting money toward climate change mitigation efforts

Hannah Getahun

Climate change may reduce average life expectancy by half a year: Study

PTI

India, Sweden can collaborate on efforts to mitigate climate change, says minister

PTI

President Joe Biden has a plan to protect Americans' retirements and savings from the 'urgent and systemic risk' of the climate crisis

Ayelet Sheffey

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