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<ul><li>The Australian government officially moved the rodent-like Bramble Cay melomys to the ‘extinct’ species list. </li><li>The species’ only known home was the world’s largest coral reef system, the Great Barrier Reef. </li><li>The extinction of the Bramble Cay melomys is reported as the first casualty of climate change. </li></ul>Scientists have long asserted that coral reefs are the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change and the environmental threat has reportedly claimed its first casualty — the Bramble Cay melomys. Residing in the world’s largest coral reef system, the Great Barrier Reef, the rodent-like animal hasn’t been seen in over a decade according to researchers from Queensland — and they’ve been looking since 2014. Australia’s Ministry of Environmental officially shifted the Bramble Cay melomys to the ‘extinct’ list on Tuesday. 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="Significantly, this probably represents the first recorded mammalian extinction due to anthropogenic climate change." auname="Queensland state government report"></div>



 A study from 2016 even <a href="https://environment.des.qld.gov.au/wildlife/threatened-species/documents/bramble-cay-melomys-survey-report.pdf">stated</a> that human-induced climate change was primary reason behind the loss of the species. The Australian government has been <a href="https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/auscon/pages/5148/attachments/original/1513033223/ACF-WWF_Pre-Budget_Submission_2018-19.pdf?1513033223">criticized</a> for not doing enough to protect endangered species, not only in terms of policy, but also in terms of not allocating enough funds for conservation. In 2017, the National Academy of Sciences <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/114/30/E6089/tab-article-info">published</a> a paper that warned of Earth’s sixth mass extinction event already being underway resulting in ‘biological annihilation’. They analysed that there was a high degree of population decay in land-based vertebrate species — even in population of ‘species of low concern’. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/why-the-staggering-costs-of-climate-change-on-india-are-much-more-than-monetary-losses/articleshow/66161296.cms">Why the staggering costs of climate change on India are much more than monetary losses</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Scientists-say-these-10-major-cities-could-become-unlivable-within-80-years/articleshow/67949693.cms">Scientists say these 10 major cities could become unlivable within 80 years</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-on-indian-tea/articleshow/67437378.cms">How climate change is taking a toll on Indian tea</a>

Climate change claims its first casualty in world's largest coral reef system

All animals need energy to live. They use it to breathe, circulate blood, digest food and move. Young animals use energy to grow, and later in life, to reproduce. Increased body temperature increases the rate at which an animal uses energy. Because cold-blooded animals rely on the thermal conditions of their environment to regulate their body temperature, they're expected to need more energy as the planet warms. However, our new research, published today in <keyword id="919191" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="nature-climate-change" source="Orion">Nature Climate Change</keyword>, suggests temperature is not the only environmental factor affecting the future energy needs of cold-blooded animals. How they interact with other species will also play a role. Our findings suggest cold-blooded animals will need even more energy in a warmer world than previously thought. This may increase their extinction risk. What we already know The amount of energy animals use in a given amount of time is called their metabolic rate. Metabolic rate is influenced by a variety of factors, including body size and activity levels. Larger animals have higher metabolic rates than smaller animals, and active animals have higher metabolic rates than inactive animals. Metabolic rate also depends on body temperature. This is because temperature affects the rate at which the biochemical reactions involved in energy metabolism proceed. Generally, if an animal's body temperature increases, its metabolic rate will accelerate exponentially. Most animals alive today are cold-blooded, or "ectotherms". Insects, worms, fish, crustaceans, amphibians and reptiles - basically all creatures except mammals and birds - are ectotherms. As human-induced <keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> raises global temperatures, the body temperatures of cold-blooded animals are also expected to rise. Researchers say the metabolic rate of some land-based ectotherms may have already increased by between 3.5% and 12% due to climate warming that's already occurred. But this prediction doesn't account for the animals' capacity to physiologically "acclimate" to warmer temperatures. Acclimation refers to an animal's ability to remodel its physiology to cope with a change in its environment. But rarely can acclimation fully negate the effect of temperature on metabolic processes. For this reason, by the end of the century land-based ectotherms are still predicted to have metabolic rates about 20% to 30% higher than they are now. Having a higher metabolic rate means that animals will need more food. This means they might starve if more food is not available, and leaves them less energy to find a mate and reproduce. Our research Previous research attempts to understand the energetic costs of climate warming for ectotherms were limited in one important respect. They predominantly used animals studied in relatively simple laboratory environments where the only challenge they faced was a change in temperature. However, animals face many other challenges in nature. This includes interacting with other species, such as competing for food and predator-prey relationships. Even though species interact all the time in nature, we rarely study how this affects metabolic rates. We wanted to examine how species interactions might alter predictions about the energetic costs of climate warming for cold-blooded animals. To do this, we turned to the fruit fly (from the genus Drosophila). Fruit fly species lay their eggs in rotting plant material. The larvae that hatch from these eggs interact and compete for food. Our study involved rearing fruit fly species alone or together at different temperatures. We found when two species of fruit fly larvae compete for food at warmer temperatures, they were more active as adults than adults that didn't compete with other species as larvae. This means they also used more energy. From this, we used modelling to deduce that species interactions at warmer global temperatures increase the future energy needs of fruit flies by between 3% and 16%. These findings suggest previous studies have underestimated the energetic cost of climate warming for ectotherms. That means purely physiological approaches to understanding the consequences of climate change for cold-blooded animals are likely to be insufficient. Let's get real Understanding the energy needs of animals is important for understanding how they'll survive, reproduce and evolve in challenging environments. In a warmer world, hotter ectotherms will need more energy to survive and reproduce. If there is not enough food to meet their bodies' energy demands, their extinction risk may increase. Clearly, we must more accurately predict how climate warming will threaten biodiversity. This means studying the responses of animals to temperature change under more realistic conditions. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/startup-fundraising-hits-an-8-month-low-in-february-falls-over-83-yoy/articleshow/98390347.cms">Startup fundraising hits an 8-month low in February, falls over 83% YoY</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tractors-commercial-vehicles-drive-auto-sales-in-february-but-el-nio-threat-looms-large/articleshow/98386451.cms">Tractors &amp; commercial vehicles drive auto sales in February but El Niño threat looms large</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/adani-group-stocks-rally-after-it-sells-stake-to-gqg-partners/articleshow/98384846.cms">Adani group’s marketcap rises by over ₹2 lakh crore in four days</a>

'Let's get real': scientists discover a new way climate change threatens cold-blooded animals

With third-largest carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in the world, India cannot probably walk away from its responsibilities of being a prominent player in the <keyword id="6361617" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Climate-Change">Climate Change</keyword> Dialogue. While international climate change negotiations are underway with talks and negotiations being tabled in Paris in a few months, India is perhaps the most discussed nation at the moment. Where do Indians stand with their commitment towards saving the earth for our children? 
 
Not too many bright spots to count at the moment. Whether it is Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s innovative ideas that were almost pooh-poohed at, such as cycling to work or switching the street lights off on full moon nights; or better still, looking at Yoga to answer all the climate change queries, the country is in a bit of a fix with climate change dialogues. 
 Indian government has fixed its priorities pretty robustly in the given situation where internal challenges stalk the country more than external and lofty commitments. The country, which is on the verge of a major economical change, cannot and should not, talk about commitment to the <keyword id="6356826" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="environment">environment</keyword>. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s comments on the ‘developed nations’ drew flak. He said those nations which plundered the natural resources and abused the earth to create a cushy environment are more responsible to take right steps than having to shift the responsibility on India, which worships almost every aspect of nature. A pagan nation, at that! 
 
Despite this, India joins a select few countries, the list that is still growing, to make very significant efforts to show the world they are willing to do what it takes, to slow down the greenhouse gas effect. However, this was not so in the recent past. India had almost flatly refused to quantify its targets on reducing the greenhouse gas emissions, on the basis that this would come in the way of poverty alleviation through creation of jobs and industries. 
 
That way, talking on climate change is a tough challenge for India which is still working to create food security for its 1.25 bn population which is growing in leaps and bounds even as the country brings some facts and figures to the Paris meet. 
 
The fact that climate change has become a major topic of discussion in the recent times especially with India being in the centre of this entire gamut of negotiations is an undeniable fact. Political analysts and experts believe though India is the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases, it should be given a free way to chart its own course towards the climate change agenda owing to the fact that the country is on the throes of economic shift. This will only make things better for both US and China to deal with the emerging India that would be far more responsible and accountable. 
 
Way back in 2014, China and US had come to agree that as nations, they had greater accountability than other nations on issues pertaining to climate change. The Lima Conference of Parties in some ways contravened the North-South firewall as it sought details from stakeholders at a larger level. But, on the contrary, it somehow stressed the historic differences between nations pertaining to stakes and accountability aspects. 
 
The most important breakthrough came in the form of China-US bilateral agreement on carbon emissions accepting certain terms and conditions that there was a specific time when these emissions could peak. 
 
Both countries also took the lead and said they had more responsibility on the matter than the other nations to arrive at an effective global agreement. 
 
The similarities between China and India are way too stark to ignore them. India is of the opinion that developed countries need to account for the fact that they industrialized themselves way before China and India did. As a result, climate change today has more urgency to be spelt out than the other topics. But, the crux of the matter lies in the fact that India needs to go into full-fledged industrialization with a bit of caution than China, because the neighbour is already bearing the brunt of emphasizing too much on production than smart innovation. 
In this spectrum of common-yet-differentiated responsibility, India finds itself in a tricky position. The country now finds itself sandwiched between nations that industrialized long ago, and are reaping the benefits of security and basic rights of their citizens strengthened, while India has a long road ahead. 
 
The nations that now speak of using expensive adaptation of renewable energy can afford it, owing to economic security factor. India is in a dilemma. At crossroads between emerging as an economically stronger nation, and a climate-responsible one at that, India really has to choose from the two equally important and imminent choices. 
 
The upcoming climate change meet will see India in a new light, with respect to the matter. This will be a cure indicator as to where India is headed. Will it toe the line of international players who will scuttle its choices inlands, or stand strong and choose to take the path of self-sustenance before being climate-responsible? 
 
 
 
(Image credits: klorotechpavers.com)

Climate
change: World looks at India, but where’s India looking?

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Summer 2021 is a <keyword id="1484485" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-crisis">climate crisis</keyword>, from the Florida condo collapse to the Northwest heat dome to NYC's tropical storm.</li><li>Experts say people are becoming more aware of the climate crisis as a force, but not its wide-ranging effects.</li><li>Meanwhile, a potential <keyword id="17408" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="infrastructure">infrastructure</keyword> package with pared-down climate measures looms on the horizon.</li></ul>The toll of the climate crisis on daily life has become increasingly clear. Just ask President Joe Biden."Interesting to me - I didn't raise it - but how many of the survivors and how many of the families talked about the impact of global warming," Biden <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-florida-condo-collapse-survivors-families-are-going-through-hell-2021-7">told reporters</a> after meeting with the families of victims in the Surfside, Florida condo collapse.The tragedy in Southern Florida that killed at least 18 people and left as many as 145 missing wasn't the only sudden catastrophe with climate at its root this summer. Just days earlier, temperatures reached <a href="https://www.insider.com/pacific-northwest-bakes-lcoals-creative-keeping-cool-2021-6#portland-oregon-saw-the-mercury-hit-an-80-year-high-of-112-degrees-on-sunday-a-day-after-a-record-breaking-108-degrees-1">record-breaking highs</a> in the Pacific Northwest amid a deadly "heat dome" that <a href="https://katu.com/news/local/deaths-from-oregons-record-breaking-heatwave-rises-to-107">local medical officials</a> eventually declared a "mass casualty event." Then, New York City's streets and subways <a href="https://www.insider.com/videos-subway-stations-flood-new-york-city-amid-heavy-rain-2021-7">flooded</a> during a tropical storm that recalled Hurricane Sandy's devastation not too long ago.The climate crisis - long a far-off warning or even political talking point - is suddenly a deadly reality. And it's starting to have what one expert called local effects, meaning it's really changing the way people live, hitting the food they eat, places they live, and especially their health. <keyword id="6361617" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change">Climate change</keyword> is an economic issue, now more than ever."People are talking about it as if it's now something we should be considering when talking about the risks that we face as a society - risks to infrastructure, risks to human life," Amir Jina, an assistant professor at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, told Insider. Going outside will look different. UCLA environmental law professor Sean Hecht said the climate crisis changes "the parameters that have defined our built environment."<h1>The climate crisis is already in your backyard, or your local store</h1>In the Pacific Northwest, some grocery stores <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/grocery-stores-battle-record-heat-wave-2021-6">stopped selling perishables</a>, and restaurants and other businesses temporarily shuttered due to the heat. Globally, a <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/summary-for-policymakers/">UN report</a> finds that the world's food supply will be gravely impacted by the climate crisis without intervention, and that extreme weather could disrupt food supply chains."We are going to be seeing roads that aren't placed in places that make sense," Hecht said. Communities might not be equipped for less beach or snow, and farmers may need to adjust the crops they're planting. For instance, California's booming $6 billion almond industry was hit hard by a historic drought this year, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/almonds-swept-california-farms-then-the-water-ran-out-11625490000?mod=pls_whats_news_us_business_f">The Wall Street Journal reported</a>, with many farmers forced to simply raze trees they can no longer water."When the world changes around [climate change], these basic legal and then really human expectations start to not match the physical environment. And that creates a lot of conflict," Hecht said.That was apparent for the New Yorkers wading through several feet of water to finish their commutes. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez tweeted a video of the flooding and said it makes the case for her Green New Deal, which hasn't yet become law: 'The Green New Deal, which is a blueprint to create millions of good jobs rebuilding infrastructure to stem climate change &amp; protect vulnerable communities, is unrealistic. 'Instead we will do the adult thing, which is take orders from fossil fuel execs &amp;make (sic) you swim to work.'"<h2>The economic impacts have already started, and they'll be unequal</h2>While these extreme weather events illustrate the larger-scale impact of the climate crisis, the smaller-scale impact will hit your wallet soon.On a macro scale, climate change cost the US <keyword id="34412" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="economy">economy</keyword> <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/climate-change-impact-on-economy-has-cost-500-billion-fed-2019-11">$500 billion</a> over the previous half-decade, according to a Fed official, and potentially over <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/climate-change-poses-a-systemic-threat-to-the-economy-investors-with-1-trillion-at-stake-warn-the-fed-and-sec-2020-07-21?rss=1&amp;siteid=rss=rss">$1.775 trillion</a> since 1980, according to the NOAA. <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20140296">Research</a> by Tatyana Deryugina in the American Economic Journal found that the economic costs of hurricanes may be greater than previously thought - since the distribution of measures like unemployment insurance goes up.On the individual level, Jina said the costs add up, too. "There's a set of risks involved in anywhere we choose to live or any economic activity we choose to engage in that we need to start thinking about a little bit more," he said. And, of course, the costs aren't felt equally. As Hecht said, whenever there's disruption, people with more resources can better afford to address the disruption. <div type="image" title="Woman wheels away air conditioner during heat wave" height="3024" width="4032" msid="84295708" hostid="261"></div>Hecht says research "very consistently" shows that disruptions are harder on communities with fewer resources, which creates inequity by class, something that "also is correlated in large part with race." <a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6345/1362">Research</a> from Jina and other members of the Climate Lab finds that the poorest counties will take the largest income hit from the crisis. As <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/how-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-people-of-color#How-the-environment-can-take-a-toll-on-health-">Healthline reports</a>, the climate crisis disproportionately impacts people of color, such as comorbidities linked to racism exacerbated by rising temperatures, to being redlined into areas more likely to be impacted.<h2><keyword id="426176" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="infrastructure-spending">Infrastructure spending</keyword> is (maybe) on the horizon</h2>Meanwhile, climate measures - or lack thereof - have come to the forefront in President Biden's infrastructure proposals.The bipartisan deal that the president struck with a group of senators omits some of his original climate proposals, and pares down spending on others. Democrats have already sent a list of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-provisions-house-democrats-bipartisan-infrastructure-deal-biden-2021-7">climate demands</a> for inclusion in a reconciliation bill, including equity for low-income communities and communities of color impacted by pollution, along with a carbon-free grid.<div type="image" title="Joe Biden climate change" height="1332" width="1777" msid="84295711" hostid="261"></div>The federal government can be instrumental when it comes to addressing how we produce and consume energy, the experts said. Actually creating that infrastructure is one important step. Biden has floated his infrastructure deal as one way to both generate jobs and address the impact of climate change, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-extreme-weather-wildfire-prevention-infrastructure-plan-lemonade-2021-6">Insider's Ayelet Sheffey reported</a>."We gotta make lemonades out of lemons here," Biden has said. "We have a chance to do something that not only deals with the problem today, but allows us to be in a position to move forward - and create real good jobs, by the way, generate economic growth."Even though Biden has proposed spending up to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-infrastructure-bill-package-4-trillion-with-tax-hikes-2021-3">$4 trillion</a> on rebuilding infrastructure, not all of that is focused on climate initiatives. Meanwhile, although Ocasio-Cortez did not initially put a price tag on the Green New Deal, she later clarified its cost would be much higher. "It's not a fun number to say, I'm not excited to say we need to spend $10 trillion on climate, but ... it's just the fact of the scenario," she <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-says-green-new-deal-cost-10-trillion-2019-6">said in 2019</a>. "Let's make sure that when we build a house or rezone an area, that it's not just going to be repeatedly flooded every single year - where the potential insurance costs or the reconstruction costs are going to completely dwarf the construction costs," Jina said. "That just makes simple economic sense."A big part of addressing the situation is in more "mundane" aspects, like updating building codes, Jina said.

Climate change has already started reshaping the economy and it's only going to get worse

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <keyword id="11893011" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="supreme-court" source="Orion">Supreme Court</keyword> limited the <keyword id="12330096" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="epa" source="Orion">EPA</keyword>'s ability to fight air pollution.</li><li>The challenge against the EPA was brought by West Virginia and other GOP-led states.</li></ul>The Supreme Court on Thursday dealt a blow to the federal government's ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from power plants — a major environmental ruling that hinders the Biden administration's <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> goals. The 6-3 <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1530_n758.pdf">decision</a>, for the case West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency, weakens the Environmental Protection Agency's authority to set environmental regulations that aim to slow the advancement of climate change.Chief Justice John Roberts delivered the majority opinion. The court's three liberals dissented.The challenge was brought by West Virginia and a slew of Republican-led states, many of which are fossil fuel producers, that took issue with the EPA's authority to impose regulations on the energy sector. They asked the court to review whether the EPA was allowed to issue such rules under the Clean Air Act, and the court ruled that EPA does not have the power to do so."A decision of such magnitude and consequence rests with Congress itself, or an agency acting pursuant to a clear delegation from that representative body," Roberts wrote in the opinion.The complex dispute stems from the 2015 <a href="https://archive.epa.gov/epa/cleanpowerplan/fact-sheet-overview-clean-power-plan.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clean Power Plan</a>, which then-President Barack Obama announced to try to set guidelines on how states can limit carbon dioxide pollution coming from power plants. The following year, the Supreme Court blocked the plan.In 2019, under the Trump administration, the EPA replaced the plan with the more-relaxed <a href="https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/affordable-clean-energy-rule">Affordable Clean Energy Rule.</a> But a federal appeals court struck down that rule too.President <keyword id="99719" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="joe-biden" source="Orion">Joe Biden</keyword>'s EPA has not yet created its own rules, but the GOP-led states brought their challenge to the Supreme Court ahead of time in a bid to prevent potential sweeping regulations created by the agency. In a Thursday <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/06/30/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-supreme-court-ruling-on-west-virginia-v-epa/">statement</a>, Biden called the ruling "another devastating decision that aims to take our country backwards.""I have directed my legal team to work with the Department of Justice and affected agencies to review this decision carefully and find ways that we can, under federal law, continue protecting Americans from harmful pollution, including pollution that causes climate change," Biden said. He continued: "My Administration will continue using lawful executive authority, including the EPA's legally-upheld authorities, to keep our air clean, protect public health, and tackle the climate crisis. We will work with states and cities to pass and uphold laws that protect their citizens." The court heard arguments for the case in February. The ruling also presents legal questions about other federal agencies' ability to make decisions.Justice Elena Kagan criticized the court's ruling in a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kagan-dissent-supreme-court-climate-change-EPA-ruling-2022-6">strongly worded dissenting opinion</a>."The Court will not allow the Clean Air Act to work as Congress instructed. The Court, rather than Congress, will decide how much regulation is too much," Kagan wrote. "Whatever else this Court may know about, it does not have a clue about how to address climate change. And let's say the obvious: The stakes here are high," she continued. "Yet the Court today prevents congressionally authorized agency action to curb power plants' carbon dioxide emissions. The Court appoints itself—instead of Congress or the expert agency—the decisionmaker on climate policy. I cannot think of many things more frightening."Emissions have caused global temperatures to rise, which could significantly impact food and water supply, people's health, and where people can live, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-alter-human-life-un-ipcc-report-2022-2">according to a United Nations report.</a> The UN warned that governments are not doing enough to combat climate change and are unprepared for its impact.Thursday's ruling sparked reactions among Democrats concerned about the climate change crisis."Catastrophic. A filibuster carveout is not enough. We need to reform or do away with the whole thing, for the sake of the planet," Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, a progressive Democrat, tweeted in response to the decision.

Supreme Court limits EPA's ability to fight climate change, a major environmental ruling that could affect Biden's goals

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image">Flickr/s58y</div></div>If you don't have a raincoat, now might be the time to invest in one. A study published in September in <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50940/abstract;jsessionid=940AD01A9C8A5B34191587064FD5306D.f04t01">Geophysical Research Letters</a> found that we could see a 50% increase in cases of extreme rainfall over the next century if <keyword id="6361617" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Climate-Change">climate change</keyword> continues at its current rate.
The problem is that when the atmosphere gets warmer, air holds more water, the researchers said. The new study found that based on climate models, this could lead to a big increase in extreme rainfall events over time - like the recent devastating <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/aerial-photos-of-colorado-flooding-2013-9">flood in Colorado</a>.
Right now, these cases of extreme rainfall only come about once every 50 years. But the researchers found that this could change if the atmosphere continues to warm.
The researchers gathered information on trends of extreme rainfall from 1966 to 2005, and used that information to create projections of how many occurrences of extreme rainfall we can expect from 2020 to 2059 and 2060 to 2099. For the study, extreme rainfall was defined as incidents in the top 10% of rainfall events in any given area, historically.
The researchers took the results of eight different simulations to create models of rainfall amounts projected for both time frames, and the team of researchers averaged the models together to calculate the average increase in rainfall we can expect over the next century.
The chart below shows the percent increase in the occurrence of those extreme cases of rainfall that are now only happening about once every 50 years. A and C show the winter and summer projections from 2020-2059, and B and D show the winter and summer projections from 2060-2099.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image on-image">Geophysical Research Letters/ToretiThis chart shows the percent increase in events of extreme rainfall over time. The blue dots are where at least six out of the eight projected models showed the same predictions.</div></div>
Areas in the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres seem to be in for the biggest increase in extreme rainfall events. Other areas - colored in brown - seem to have lower potential for extreme rainfall. And the biggest impact will come in the second half of the century.
According to the 2060 to 2099 projection, places high up in the northern hemisphere that do not normally see much rainfall may experience a 45% increase in the fall and places far south in the southern hemisphere may experience a 39% increase during the spring.

Extreme Rainfall Events Could Increase Almost 50 Percent Over The Next Century

<ul><li>Scientists in the US are using <keyword id="6369781" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="virtual-reality">virtual reality</keyword> (VR) software to show individuals the direct impact that <keyword id="6361617" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change">climate change</keyword> will have on them. </li><li>The software simulates what it will be like when their own neighborhood floods as a result of rising sea levels. </li><li>According to research, VR technology creates an ‘empathetic experience’ making individuals more likely to take action. </li></ul>The urgency to fix climate change is dented by lack of imagination. In spite of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/july-was-likely-the-hottest-month-ever-and-experts-say-it-has-re-written-climate-history/articleshow/70496999.cms">world getting hotter</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/more-than-two-thirds-of-asias-population-is-at-risk-of-coastline-flooding-by-2050-and-indias-on-the-front-line/articleshow/71816944.cms">more than 300 million</a> people at risk of being submerged, individuals are unable to see how it will directly impact their lifestyle. But, what if one could see the effect of climate change play out in front of their eyes? A team of scientists in Baltimore is using virtual reality (VR) to show people what it would be like when climate change hits their neighborhood, according to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/more-than-two-thirds-of-asias-population-is-at-risk-of-coastline-flooding-by-2050-and-indias-on-the-front-line/articleshow/71816944.cms">NPR</a>. 
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 With headset and controller in hand, the residents of coastal Turner Station in Baltimore were able to see water roll in to engulf their homes, schools and parks. While it may sound traumatising, the aim of the simulation is to help people prepare for the eventuality and formulise possible solutions. According to a global study conducted by <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/18/a-look-at-how-people-around-the-world-view-climate-change/">Pew Research</a>, an average of 20% people across countries still consider <keyword id="6366055" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-warming">global warming</keyword> to be a ‘minor’ threat while 9% think it’s not a threat at all. Scientists at The Nature Conservatory aren’t the only ones trying to change people’s minds. Using VR to battle climate change Scientists have <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02364/full">found</a> that VR’s technological kick can hone in on the brain’s empathy center, encouraging people to act before it’s too late. Experiencing the effects of climate change first hand is likely to push individuals for policy change. VR can show show users what would happen in their own backyards but it can also show them what’s already happening in far off places. When the US withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement, FRONTLINE and NOVA developed a VR program called <a href="https://store.steampowered.com/app/1012510/Greenland_Melting/">Greenland Melting</a>. It transports users to the Arctic to see the ice-caps melt before their eyes. And researchers are still looking for new ways to harness the power of VR to battle climate change. For instance, Yale University hosts an <a href="https://climatevr.yale.edu/">annual challenge</a> inviting students to gamify actual data with mixed reality to better present the problem of global climate change. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/more-than-two-thirds-of-asias-population-is-at-risk-of-coastline-flooding-by-2050-and-indias-on-the-front-line/articleshow/71816944.cms">More than two-thirds of Asia’s population is at risk of coastline flooding by 2050 — and India’s on the front line</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/livestock-emits-as-much-carbon-as-transport-vehicles-how-do-we-control-this/articleshow/65069999.cms">Cow farts and livestock dangerous for climate change: Bill Gates</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/climate-change-causes-australian-mammal-to-go-extinct/articleshow/68081948.cms">Climate change claims its first casualty in world's largest coral reef system</a>

You can experience the end result of climate change today with virtual reality

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new study from <keyword id="6358918" type="General" weightage="60" keywordseo="deloitte" source="Orion">Deloitte</keyword> lays out four phases for tackling <keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> and its economic risks.</li><li>The team sees <keyword id="6375923" type="General" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate" source="Orion">climate</keyword> risks costing the world <keyword id="34412" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="economy" source="Orion">economy</keyword> $178 trillion in <keyword id="35050" type="General" weightage="60" keywordseo="gdp" source="Orion">GDP</keyword> over the next 50 years.</li></ul>Letting climate change go unchecked could decimate the global economy by 2070. A new report by Deloitte lays out the four steps that governments, corporations, and citizens need to take if they're to avoid such catastrophe. The world has plenty of economic problems on its plate, what with inflation, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and broken supply chains all threatening global growth. The looming climate crisis, however, is too costly to ignore, Deloitte economists Pradeep Philip, Claire Ibrahim, and Cedric Hodges said in a report published Monday morning. If the world stays on its current path, average temperatures will climb 3 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. That will cost the global economy about $178 trillion in just the next 50 years, according to the study. Human costs including food scarcity, job losses, and reduced standards of living will also mount, the team said. Conversely, pushing for net-zero emissions can set the stage for stronger economic growth in the coming decades. Such a pivot can grow the world economy by $43 trillion by 2070, according to the report. The deadline for achieving that windfall is fast approaching. Deloitte's rosier estimate hinges on the world decarbonizing its economy by 2050, a feat that would limit warming to about 1.5 degrees Celsius. But getting to net-zero emissions is no easy task, and Deloitte sees four phases as key to bringing about an environmentally sustainable future. <h2>Going 'bold' on climate change</h2>The first steps toward achieving net-zero will be more theoretical than concrete. The world needs to "set the stage" for decarbonization with policies and frameworks for a low-carbon future, the team said, adding that the first step will be focused on "bold climate plays." With emissions still on the rise, the clock is running out for world governments to plan for a decarbonized economy. "Given the costs associated with each tenth of a degree of temperature increase, every month of delay brings greater risk and forestalls the eventual economic gains," the economists said. <h2>Paying upfront for boosted growth</h2>Reaching net-zero emissions will take some serious investment. Economies will have to pay up for clean energy, sustainable supply chains, and replacements for emissions-intensive industries if they're to make the transition in time, according to the report. <div type="image" title="Deloitte" height="645" width="572" msid="91746172" hostid="261"></div>The shift won't be without some "growing pains," the team added. Investing in a greener economy will dent GDP growth over the next two decades as companies shift their focus from profitability to sustainability. Deloitte estimates that the growth outlook will reach a turning point in the late 2040s, after which the investments are forecasted to yield massive returns, to say nothing of the benefits of avoiding climate disasters. <h2>Reaching the turning point</h2>The net-zero experiment will start to pay off in about 25 years, when investments in "structural economic adjustment" near completion, the team said. "Economies would realize the dividend of the transformation and experience net positive growth," they added. The turning point also represents the moment the world moves away from the risk of a $178 trillion projected loss and toward a $43 trillion gain. There will be significant costs in the first several years of the transition, but economists must regard climate change as a trend — not a temporary scenario — as they model the potential risks, according to Deloitte. "If the economic impacts of a changing climate are left out of economic baselines, the result is likely to be poor decision-making, ineffective risk management, and dangerously inadequate efforts to address the climate crisis," the team said. <h2>Maintaining a low-emissions future</h2>Staying the path can, ideally, create a decarbonized economy, but the work won't be all done then. Governments and companies will have to maintain "interconnected, low-carbon systems" to keep the green economy alive and growing, the team said. This world economy will expand "at an increasingly faster rate than its carbon-intensive alternative," they added. The benefits will differ from region to region. The Asia Pacific economy has the most exposure to climate-related damage, according to the report. The region could lose $96 trillion of economic growth by 2070 if decarbonization isn't achieved. Put another way, the area's GDP could be 9% smaller in 50 years than in a world with net-zero emissions. The Americas would follow with a combined $36 trillion loss by 2070, Deloitte said. The US alone would lose $4 trillion in potential growth, and the region's overall GDP would be 4% lower by 2070 compared to a decarbonized world. Europe faces the smallest projected loss, with the region expected to lose $10 trillion in GDP by 2070 compared to a decarbonized future. Still, economic growth would reach just 1% in the 2060s as climate problems slam into the European economy. The stakes are extremely high. Deloitte's modeling shows investments in decarbonization not just paying off, but paying dividends throughout the 21st century.

Deloitte lays out 4 steps to keep the climate crisis from tanking the global economy over the next 50 years

Leading planters body <keyword id="174405" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Tea-Association" source="Orion">Indian Tea Association</keyword> (ITA) said <keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> is threatening the industry globally which is resulting in lower yields and rise in production costs. A spokesman of ITA said climate change is also threatening the long-term viability of tea industry, which is also causing increasing pest infestations making pesticide residue management surfacing as a major challenge. To mitigate this, ITA said that the industry needs to adopt a multi-faceted to address the climate change issue by way of sustainable farming practices and reduction in <keyword id="6404408" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="carbon-footprint" source="Orion">carbon footprint</keyword>. In this context, the association maintained the industry involving all the stakeholders to invest in research to come out with mitigating solutions. There has also been a decline in rainfall and increase in temperature in the <keyword id="16942294" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tea-cultivating-regions" source="Orion">tea cultivating regions</keyword> for the last several years, ITA said. According to the association, future projections indicate a substantial reduction in suitability in tea cultivation in areas where the crop is grown. The other major area where work is needed to be done by the industry is that optimisation in the use of chemical fertilisers and greater use of renewable energy. In the latest data compiled by Tea Board, production in January 2023 in the country was 13.43 million kilogramme as against 16.22 million kilogramme in the same month of last calendar year. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/desk-bombing-monk-mode-other-emerging-trends-at-the-workplace-as-per-linkedin/slidelist/98973217.cms">Desk-bombing, monk mode &amp; other emerging trends at the workplace</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/haircut-on-cases-resolved-through-ibc-not-very-encouraging-says-kotak-report/articleshow/98972743.cms">Haircut on cases resolved through IBC not very encouraging, says Kotak report</a>

You Searched For "climate change" and got 9 results

Climate change claims its first casualty in world's largest coral reef system

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'Let's get real': scientists discover a new way climate change threatens cold-blooded animals

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Climate change: World looks at India, but where’s India looking?

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Climate change has already started reshaping the economy and it's only going to get worse

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Supreme Court limits EPA's ability to fight climate change, a major environmental ruling that could affect Biden's goals

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Extreme Rainfall Events Could Increase Almost 50 Percent Over The Next Century

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You can experience the end result of climate change today with virtual reality

Prabhjote Gill

Deloitte lays out 4 steps to keep the climate crisis from tanking the global economy over the next 50 years

Ben Winck

Climate change threatening tea sector globally: ITA

PTI

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