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<ul><li>A <keyword id="739966" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="peaceful-protest">peaceful protest</keyword> against CAA breaks out in Karnataka. </li><li>The organizers call it the Civil Disobedience Movement asking the government to withdraw the CAA. </li><li>Reflecting back on history, we see if the protests at Karnataka are trying to mimic the historic Civil Disobedience Movement in India. </li></ul>Protests against CAA in Bengaluru is seen taking a curious turn as some prominent heads calling for the movement are giving it a name ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. For Indians, this kind of protest is nothing new. We have all read enough about it in history covering the epoch of freedom struggle. What is happening in Bengaluru right now? In the capital of Karnataka, a handful of leading protesters calling for mass upheaval against the CAA are asking them at the Quddus Saheb Eidgah grounds not to furnish any citizenship papers while being asked by the government. They too urged them to fill up the detention centers till all of them went housefull. One of the masterminds behind the historic kind of protest, Harsh Mander, a leading social activist charged BJP and its inspirer RSS saying they are trying to divide the country in religious lines. He said, “When Mahatma Gandhi called for civil disobedience, over 70,000 people were jailed for going against British. I am taking a pledge that <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-prominent-voices-call-for-civil-disobedience-against-caa/articleshow/72948269.cms">I will not submit any papers to the government.</a> Let them put me in a detention center”. The history of Civil Disobedience Movement in India The first of its kind in India during those times, Mahatma Gandhi launched the civil disobedience movement against the British Government on March 12, 1930. Britain’s Salt Act had banned Indians from making or selling salt, which was a staple food in the Indian diet. Gandhiji’s Civil Disobedience Movement was to attack the monopoly of the British Government over the manufacturing and selling of salt in the country. How did it happen? Gandhiji urged the Indians to break the law in a non-violent manner as a way of conveying the Indian’s opposition to the said law. For Gandhiji, Defying the Salt Act meant a creative and simple way of breaking the British law in line with the principles of Ahimsa. On March 12, 1930, <a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/gandhi-leads-civil-disobedience">he organized the most famous Dandi March</a>. It was a 241 mile long disobedience march from his Ashram at Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea. Started just with 78 followers, the crowds swelled with every day passing by. The protesters reached Dandi on April 5 and attempted to make salt at the sea. The shape that the protest took When Gandhi bent down to pick up a handful of salt, he symbolically defied the British Salt Law. The police forestalled the crowds before they acted on their plans. However, Gandhiji’s lead inspired thousands and similar marches to make salt were organized across India with the participation of lakhs of people. About 60,000 people were arrested. The historic Civil Disobedience Movement proved the British government that it was a force that they would not be able to ignore or suppress. What to expect? Defying the government’s law, peaceful and nonviolent protest, and non-cooperation are the characteristics of the Civil Disobedience Movement. What we see at Bengaluru right now are mimicking the essence of Gandhi's Satyagraha. We need to wait and see the shape the Civil Disobedience Protest at Karnataka might take.

Bengalorians use the historic Civil Obedience Movement to conduct a peaceful protest against CAA

The term <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asian-american-pacific-islander-highlighting-heritage-from-here-2021-5">"Asian American"</a> was first coined in 1968 amid the rising voices of the Third World Liberation Front student movements in California.With tensions from protests against the Vietnam War and calls for universities to invest in ethnic studies programs, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aapi-heritage-month-from-here-immigrant-stories-essay-2021-5">Asian American identity</a> was born out of advocacy for multiethnic unity among the Asian diaspora. The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jay-caspian-kang-book-the-loneliest-americans-asian-american-identity-2021-10">new identity</a> also became a form of resistance against the otherness of being labeled as "Orientals" and fighting back against US imperialism in Asia.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-dorothea-lange-japanese-internment-photography-pearl-harbor-2023-4">Historical photographs</a> showcase the history of Asian American resistance movements from the 1960s to the 1980s, demonstrating the strength and resilience of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aapi-apa-asian-pacific-islander-hawaiian-erasure-2021-5">Asian American community</a> among tenants, students, and laborers.The impassioned fight for justice depicted in the photos contrasts the societal stereotype of the obedient and subservient Asian. They also remind us of the civil rights and labor rights won by Asian Americans with the sheer <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boba-liberalism-critique-on-a-shallow-political-identity-amid-crisis-2021-3">power of the collective</a>.<h2 id="075f07b9-3e8d-4b61-aab2-ff9e33901a4c">Delano Grape Strike (1965)</h2><div type="image" title="Cesar Chevez's Huelga Day March in San Francisco (l/r) Julio Hernandez (UFW officer), Larry Itliong (UFW director), Ceasar Chavez" height="4941" width="7035" msid="110573890" hostid="261"></div>One of the most important labor movements in US history was the Delano Grape Strike, a collaborative effort between Filipino American and Mexican American farm workers in California.On September 8, 1965, Filipino-American farm workers, members of the Agricultural Labor Organizing Committee, walked out and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ford-uaw-strike-deal-workers-sometimes-get-what-they-want-2023-10">declared a strike</a> against Delano-area table and wine grape growers in Bakersfield, California.They <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pitchfork-economics-right-to-work-legislation-terrible-for-workers-2021-9">demanded a raise</a> in their hourly wage from $1.25 to $1.40 and in the pay rate per packed box of grapes from 10 cents a box to 25 cents.<div type="image" title="Pickets gather at edge of grape field here 10/19 to urge workers to join strike but these two ignored the call. Among the pickets who later were arrested is the Reverend Rodger Ridgeway of Hayward, California. Word &quot;Huelga&quot; is Spanish for strike. A total of 44 persons including 9 ministers, were arrested in the 6 week old grape harvest." height="3247" width="4201" msid="110573893" hostid="261"></div>Labor organizers of the Agricultural Labor Organizing Committee enlisted the help of the National Farm Workers Association, and in 1966, <a target="_blank" href="https://ufw.org/day-ufw-history-september-8-1965/">the two unions merged to form the United Farm Workers</a>.For the next five years, Filipino and Mexican American workers continued to strike for economic justice for all farm workers.In his statement before the US Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor in 1966, Cesar Chavez, a labor organizer with the National Farm Workers Association, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/workers-united-the-delano-grape-strike-and-boycott.htm">said</a> the "whole system of occupational discrimination must be killed just like the discrimination against people of color is being challenged in Washington.""This, and nothing more, is what farmworkers want," Chavez added.<div type="image" title="Grape pickers carry American flags and National Farm Workers Association banners as they march along a road" height="1939" width="2959" msid="110573895" hostid="261"></div><h2 id="203a1aa0-33c8-46b7-a90e-792377981fe1">Third World Liberation Front Strikes (1968)</h2>The Third World Liberation Front strikes ignited the first Asian American activist movement.Held at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1968, the five-month strike was led by a coalition of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scotus-outlawed-race-based-college-admissions-donor-legacy-applications-fine-2023-6">student groups</a> demanding <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/house-passes-national-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-museum-bill-2022-4">ethnic-focused</a> courses be added to the university's curriculum.<div type="image" title="A crowd of students running into UC Berkeley as police move in." height="2097" width="2999" msid="110573897" hostid="261"></div>Though initiated by the Black Student Union, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/affirmative-action-scotus-ruling-students-of-color-fight-for-diversity-2023-6">coalition</a> was made up of African-American, Asian-American, Latin-American, and Native-American students. These students were unified not only through their shared colonial and imperial struggles across Asia, Africa, and Latin America but also their <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/california-will-require-ethnic-studies-high-school-requirement-graduation-2021-10">experiences as people of color</a> in a predominantly white, Eurocentric institution.<div type="image" title="An unidentified student reads from an informational packet during a demonstration on the campus of the University of California" height="5266" width="3529" msid="110573900" hostid="261"></div>During the strikes, the students conducted large rallies, teach-ins, sit-ins, and picketing on the campus. In response, the university called the police, and riot squads began <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/university-overreaction-pro-palestinian-protests-police-arrests-dissent-expert-2024-5">mass arrests of students</a>.The same year, Yuji Ichioka and Emma Gee, both graduate students and key organizers of the Asian American Political Alliance, coined the term "Asian American." This term was created to "unify Asian ethnicities together based on their shared experiences under Orientalist US racism."In 1969, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/after-50-years-asian-american-studies-programs-can-still-be-n1022331">first Asian American studies curricula</a> were established at the UC Berkeley, San Francisco State University, and the University of California, Los Angeles.<h2 id="aa1b27a8-8b85-46c6-921a-d351c1281bec">Protests Against the I-Hotel Evictions (1977)</h2><div type="image" title="Crowds of people marching outside I-Hotel before evictions" height="2659" width="3726" msid="110573902" hostid="261"></div>International Hotel, or I-Hotel, in San Francisco's Kearny Street was a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-renter-landlord-overcharged-rent-stabilized-apartment-lawsuit-backpay-2024-2">residential hotel</a> for older Filipino and Chinese people, immigrant workers, and families who had been there since they immigrated in the 1920s.With real estate development rapidly growing in the late 1970s, what was once a 10-block stretch of Manilatown was reduced to a single block anchored by I-Hotel.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ihotel-sf.org/history/">At 3 a.m. on August 4, 1977, the San Francisco police went in and staged a mass eviction of the I-Hotel residents</a>. At least 3,000 residents confronted 400 riot-geared police outside the building. Over 100 tenants and supporters barricaded themselves inside the building. Police broke into the windows of apartments and removed the remaining older tenants.<div type="image" title="Sheriff Richard Hongisto used a sledge hammer to knock open the door to a tenant's apartment at the International Hotel," height="2251" width="3000" msid="110573904" hostid="261"></div>With the last vestige of Manilatown destroyed after the building was demolished in 1979, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/how-to-protect-longtime-residents-from-gentrification-2020-9">community members and supporters</a> of the former I-Hotel residents continued to resist local real estate developers. Organizations such as the Chinatown Community Development Center and the Manilatown Heritage Foundation formed as a result of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ihotel-sf.org/history/">community's efforts to fulfill social needs and fight for grassroots housing for their fellow residents.</a><div type="image" title="International Hotel, San Francisco, Chinatown. Controversial evictions and protests, demonstrations. The eviction. Emil de Guzman, tenants association secretary, resisting being dragged from the second floor of the hotel." height="1944" width="3000" msid="110573906" hostid="261"></div><h2 id="ab503341-a5d7-441d-bfbe-9a7e3df13428">Garment Worker Strikes (1982)</h2>One of the largest protests in New York City's Chinatown history took place in 1982 when 20,000 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/shein-factory-workers-18-hour-shifts-paid-low-wages-report-2022-10">garment workers</a> went on strike.Whispers of striking spread among the workers, predominantly young <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/s?q=asian+american#:~:text=May%203%20is%20equal%20pay%20day%20for%20Asian%2DAmerican%20women%2C%20who%20earn%2075%25%20of%20what%20white%20men%20do">Chinese immigrant women</a>. They no longer tolerated the <a target="_blank" href="https://jacobin.com/2022/08/chinatown-immigrants-labor-struggles-history#:~:text=It%20was%20a%20hot%20topic,with%20little%20or%20no%20English.">low wages, little to no benefits, dangerous working conditions, and long hours</a>.<div type="image" title="Asian women ply their trade in a Chinatown garment factory." height="3050" width="4511" msid="110573908" hostid="261"></div>In late June, they crowded Columbus Park and made their demands, and their employers signed the new International Ladies Garment Workers Union contract. With the help of city councilmen, local businesses, and community advocates, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nordstrom-neiman-marcus-supplier-paid-california-workers-158hour-2023-3">garment shop</a> employers began to sign the contract. They managed to get the signatures of every manufacturer by mid-afternoon.Despite the swiftness and scale of the strike, May Chen, one of the ILGWU strike organizers, said she believes the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-biggest-and-most-powerful-worker-strikes-of-all-time-2019-9">strike's success</a> remained "invisible up to the millennium" given the limited media coverage on Asian American communities and issues at the time.<div type="image" title="Members of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) Local 23-25, stand on 5th Avenue during the Labor Day parade, New York, New York, September 6, 1982" height="2816" width="4394" msid="110573910" hostid="261"></div><h2 id="0a320db5-f338-4fe6-82b1-503ce56d63d9">Conviction of Chol Soo Lee (1982)</h2>Chol Soo Lee, a 21-year-old Korean immigrant, was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/number-of-wrongful-convictions-graphic-2016-5">wrongfully convicted</a> of first-degree murder in 1974 after a local gang member, Yip Yee Tak, was shot to death in Chinatown.After being misidentified by eyewitnesses, Lee was sentenced to life in prison.<div type="image" title="Portrait of Chol Soo Lee" height="4728" width="5929" msid="110573912" hostid="261"></div>K.W. Lee, founder of the Korean American Journalists Association, brought Lee's case to public attention. After investigating the case, he was convinced of Lee's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/innocent-people-convicted-of-murder-2018-3">innocence</a> and began a series of writings advocating for his freedom.This caught on with Asian Americans nationwide, and the "Free Chol Soo Lee Defense Committee" was created. The committee raised more than $120,000 to support Chol Soo's appeal of his initial murder conviction. The collective effort of Lee's supporters won him a retrial, which successfully led to the overturning of his murder conviction.<div type="image" title="Supporters of Chol Soo Lee at the Hall of Justice holding signs." height="2545" width="3800" msid="110573914" hostid="261"></div>After spending a decade in prison, Lee spent the next 30 years working as a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/spark-pan-asian-justice-movement-chol-soo-lee-passes-away-n262376">union organizer and advocate for the Asian American community</a>."When you go through that kind of experience, and you see inhumane acts of violence … going through that brings out deeper humanity and compassion for other people," Lee said in a 2008 interview with Asian Week.<h2 id="02f5d0db-6a2c-4ee0-8e0c-fbc3b5f7e6ce">Murder of Vincent Chin (1982)</h2><div type="image" title="Portrait of Vincent Chin" height="931" width="750" msid="110573916" hostid="261"></div>On the night of his bachelor party on November 2, 1983, Vincent Chin, then 27, was brutally beaten to death by two white men in Detroit.Chin, who was Chinese-American, was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asian-americans-are-grappling-with-senseless-back-to-back-shootings-2023-1">targeted</a> by the men who blamed Asians for job losses in the American auto industry amid the success of Japanese automakers.Ronald Ebens and Michael Nitz denied the attack was<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/3-in-4-chinese-americans-experienced-discrimination-the-last-year-2023-5"> racially motivated</a> and were charged with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-chinatown-stabbing-leaves-asian-american-women-fearing-for-lives-2022-2">manslaughter</a> after pleading to a second-degree murder charge. They left with three years of probation and a $3,000 fine and did not spend a single day in jail.The judge presiding over the trial said Ebens and Nitz "aren't the kind of men you send to jail … You fit the punishment to the criminal, not the crime."<div type="image" title="Helen Zia holding &quot;Oppose All Racial Attacks&quot; sign overlooking rally for justice for Vincent Chin." height="4958" width="6456" msid="110573917" hostid="261"></div>As a result of this sentencing, Asian Americans in Detroit <a target="_blank" href="https://vincentchin.org/about-vincent">protested the sentence and denounced the city's legal system.</a> A second investigation was initiated by the Department of Justice and the FBI after mass mobilization.In 1983, a federal grand jury ruled that the attack against Chin was racially motivated and found Ebens guilty, sentencing him to 25 years in prison.Chin's murder contributed to the landmark <a target="_blank" href="https://time.com/5956943/aapi-history-milestones/">passing of the Hate Crimes Prevention Act,</a> which expanded federal civil rights protections to safeguard American minorities against hate crimes.

Historical photos capture the strength of Asian American activism and its impact throughout US history

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Duggar Family grew up under a belief system called the IBLP. </li><li>A core belief in the system was that children should always obey their parents. </li></ul>In the almost two decades since the Duggar family was introduced to the world in the 2004 Discovery special "14 Children and Pregnant Again!" their conservative Christian lifestyle has captivated viewers' attention, leading to a TLC series called "19 Kids and Counting" and its spinoff "Counting On."While some aspects of their lives, like their modest standards of dress and the fact that they were relatively sheltered from the outside world via homeschooling and limited media consumption, signaled that they were following the practices of a <a href="https://www.insider.com/jinger-duggar-free-religious-beliefs-josh-duggar-truly-broken-crimes-2023-1">religious sect, the Duggars' specific beliefs</a> and religion often aren't explicitly mentioned on television. Here's everything to know.<h2>What religion are the Duggars?</h2>The Duggars are Independent Fundamentalist Baptists. In addition to their religion, they follow a conservative Christian Organization known as the Institute of Basic Life Principals (IBLP). <h2>What do the Duggars and other members of the IBLP believe? </h2><div type="image" title="Jim Bob Duggar Michelle Duggar" height="2033" width="2710" msid="100707191" hostid="261" sizebytes="246016"></div>As the new Amazon docuseries "Shiny Happy People" details, the IBLP was founded by Bill Gothard in 1961 to promote a moral way of life. The organization was meant to support conservative Christians in a time of unrest, when civil rights movements were gaining traction, free love was being celebrated, and drug culture was more prominent. Though Gothard was not a minister or religious leader, he taught his followers that living a life worthy of God's love was best achieved by building your character around seven principles: design, authority, responsibility, ownership, suffering, freedom, and success.According to Jill Dillard, Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar's second-oldest daughter, and many other ex-IBLP members interviewed in "Shiny Happy People," authority was the most important and focused on principle of all. Members of the IBLP <a href="https://jesuswithoutbaggage.wordpress.com/2017/03/13/patriarchy-bill-gothard-and-the-umbrella-of-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">operated under "umbrellas of protection."</a> Under this model, Christ holds the biggest umbrella, meaning the entity had the most authority over people's lives. Husbands hold the next umbrella of authority, giving them power over their wives, who hold one over their children and workers in the household. Children therefore have no authority over themselves or others — they are simply meant to obey their parents and Christ.<h2>Why are there so many children in the Duggar family? </h2><div type="image" title="duggar family" height="1331" width="1780" msid="100707194" hostid="261" sizebytes="229922"></div>The IBLP, as well as Jim Bob and Michelle, say they are "independent baptists." But when it comes to family planning, the idea that women should "be fruitful and multiply" comes from a religious moment called the Quiverfull Movement. The name of the movement is derived from a quote in the Old Testament that uses arrows as a metaphor for children: and says "Blessed is the man whose quiver is full of them," <a href="https://people.com/tv/duggar-scandal-the-19-kids-and-counting-stars-connection-to-quiverfull/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to People</a>.According to multiple sources, <a href="https://www.insider.com/jinger-duggar-free-religious-beliefs-josh-duggar-truly-broken-crimes-2023-1">including Jinger Voulo's 2023 memoir</a>, members of the IBLP don't believe in birth control, nor do they believe in anyone's right to plan the size of their family. In Vuolo's book, read by Insider, she said that under Gothard's teachings, women were also encouraged to carry pregnancies as long as their bodies would allow them to, even if doing so meant putting their own health at risk.In "Shiny Happy People," many former members of the IBLP cited Michael and Debi Pearl's book "To Train Up a Child" as Gothard's preferred resource for child-rearing. The book teaches parents how to spank and hit their children using "extreme measures" without getting in trouble with the law.In archive footage in the documentary, Michelle describes using a "blanket technique" to teach her children obedience. Ex-IBLP members then describe parents putting children on a blanket with a toy out of their reach. When the child reaches for the toy on their own, parents would physically discourage them from grabbing it until they learned to obey their parents' commands. <h2>What type of education do the Duggar children have?</h2><div type="image" title="Jana Duggar" height="971" width="1295" msid="100707200" hostid="261" sizebytes="58652"></div>As viewers know from watching the Duggars' reality shows, Duggar children were homeschooled by Michelle and the oldest women in the family. But what are they taught? According to "Shiny Happy People," members of the IBLP follow a curriculum developed by Gothard called the Advanced Training Insitute, or the ATI. Under this program, children learn through "wisdom booklets" based on the Sermon on the Mount instead of science. According to an image of one of these booklets that's featured in "Shiny Happy People," they feature misinformation, such as claims that pubic lice is transmitted through "immorality."Subjects in the documentary said that as children got older, their parents sent them to one of Gothard's many centers around the country to do acts of service. At some of those centers, children were allegedly forced to do 16 to 18 hours of manual labor per day. According to "Shiny Happy People," the ATI is no longer considered a curriculum by the IBLP. Instead, you can buy booklets online as a Bible study.<h2>What are some other teachings of the IBLP? </h2>As followers of the Duggars know, the IBLP had certain modesty standards for women. For example, they should only ever wear long skirts or dresses — never pants. They should also always cover their arms and never wear high heels. According to Amazon's documentary and members of the Duggar family themselves, these rules were mostly put in place so that a woman's clothing would never distract or tempt a man. On the show, older daughters like Jill and Jinger were often assigned younger children that they were responsible for. It's framed as a "buddy system." But in "Shiny Happy People," women said that they were expected to parent their younger siblings, and in some cases were responsible for infants when they were only 11 years old. Teenagers in the IBLP are expected to enter into "courtship" with the end goal being marriage. They are not allowed to casually date. During a courtship, a third party (usually a sibling, as seen on TLC) accompanies couples on dates. The spectator is meant to be a buffer for the couple, so that they don't kiss each other (or more) before marriage and that they only hug each other from the side, so that the front of their bodies don't touch. Members of the Duggar family were allowed to define their own rules of courtship with Jim Bob and Michelle's approval. So, some couples chose to hold hands before marriage, for example. Sources in "Shiny Happy People," also said that most of the mainstream entertainment they consumed and toys they played with had to be IBLP approved. Gothard reportedly believed that the creator of Cabbage Patch dolls was a warlock and that the dolls were demons. Jim Bob's niece, Amy Duggar King, said in the series that her cousins once had a <a href="https://www.insider.com/disney-live-action-remakes-2017-2">bonfire to burn Disney items</a>. <h2>Does the IBLP still exist? </h2><div type="image" title="Duggar family" height="2250" width="3000" msid="100707204" hostid="261" sizebytes="544472"></div>Yes, but Gothard is no longer the leader of his own movement. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/01/06/new-charges-allege-religious-leader-who-has-ties-to-the-duggars-sexually-abused-women/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">According to The Washington Post</a>, he resigned as leader of the IBLP in 2014 after more than 30 women accused him of molestation or sexual harassment. Some of the women were minors at the time the behavior took place. The Post also reported that 10 women brought Gothard up on charges of sexual abuse in 2016. The case was voluntarily <a href="https://www.marieclaire.com/politics/a21345667/stay-at-home-daughters-christian-patriarchy/">dismissed in 2018</a>, due to "unique complexities with the statute of limitations," though the victims emphasized they were not recanting their experiences.<h2>Do all of the Duggars believe in the teachings of the IBLP today?</h2><div type="image" title="Jinger Duggar" height="1996" width="2662" msid="100707209" hostid="261" sizebytes="171102"></div>No. In "Shiny Happy People,"Jill Duggar Dillard appears in an interview to expose some of her father's behavior and the harmful teachings of the IBLP. Alongside her husband Derek, Jill recalls feeling pressure to forgive her brother, Josh Duggar, pubically in 2015, when reports that he molested four of his sisters in 2003 became public. She says she regrets appearing on a <a href="https://www.insider.com/josh-duggar-molestation-allegations-child-pornography-charges-timeline-2021-5#june-3-2015-the-duggar-parents-appear-on-a-fox-news-special-acknowledging-that-four-of-joshs-victims-were-their-daughters-they-say-they-believe-they-can-save-their-tlc-show-12">Fox News special.</a>The Dillards also describe being goaded into filming the birth of their first child for TLC. Jill says she was forced to sign a contract for "Counting On" under false pretenses, and that her father Jim Bob tried to get her to sign a contract agreeing to film with the production company in perpetuity for minimum wage. Jill's cousin, Amy Duggar King, also appears in the documentary denouncing her uncle and the IBLP, though she didn't grow up in the faith. While Jinger Duggar Voulo's aforementioned 2023 memoir denounced Gothard and the IBLP and described how she was taking steps to unlearn those beliefs, she has not directly spoken ill of her parents publicly. "Shiny Happy People" is available to stream on Amazon now.

The Duggars practice an ultra-strict form of Christianity. A new docuseries alleges the religion is 'cult-like.'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Atlanta shootings sparked debate about gendered and racialized discrimination.</li><li>Cultural and historical norms from Asian and white communities have long suppressed their voices.</li><li>Asian <keyword id="624" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Women">women</keyword> are being heard, and are taking action.</li></ul>It was well into the rally's second hour before New York assemblymember Yuh-Line Niou stood on stage at the local Rally Against Hate to deliver her speech. By then, cries had rung out from the crowd to "let Asian women speak!" Niou is Taiwanese-American and was, until this year, the only Asian woman in New York state legislature. She was one of several women scheduled to speak at the March rally, organized in protest against a recent surge in anti-Asian hate crimes.To a crowd of signs urging "Stop Asian Hate," Niou recalled when she first received reports that <a href="https://www.insider.com/deadly-spa-shootings-in-atlanta-metro-area-2021-3">a 21-year-old white man shot and killed eight people</a>, including four Korean and two Chinese women, in massage parlors in the Atlanta area."You know what was the most heartbreaking thing? It was those 911 calls. When those women tried to call for help, and nobody on the other end could understand what they were saying - it broke my heart because it sounded like my own mom," Niou said. "But I can speak their language. I can make sure I hear them."While the rally both galvanized and temporarily comforted a community roiling with fear and anger, activists point to experiences like Niou's as emblematic of the silencing of Asian and Asian American women within both white and Asian communities. For many, their words have often fallen on deaf ears - until now."You can't change the table setting unless you have a seat at the table," Niou said.<h2>The double invisibilization of Asian American women</h2>Asian American women have long been subjected to both gendered and racialized violence and discrimination - a pattern that's only surged amid the pandemic. According to Stop <keyword id="219355" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="AAPI">AAPI</keyword> Hate's most recent <a href="https://secureservercdn.net/104.238.69.231/a1w.90d.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/210312-Stop-AAPI-Hate-National-Report-.pdf">report</a>, of the nearly 4,000 hate incidents reported since March 2020, women reported 2.3 times more hate incidents than men."Part of that is because immigrant women are overrepresented in the restaurant, retail, and personal care industries. These are all industries in which women are more subject to harassment," said Jaclyn Dean, the policy and government affairs director of the National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum (NAPAWF).In a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AtlantaPoliceDpt/videos/286176069625522">press conference</a> held the morning after the <keyword id="10946411" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="georgia-shootings">Georgia shootings</keyword>, the Atlanta police department reported that Robert Aaron Long had said that he had been motivated <a href="https://www.insider.com/shooting-suspect-robert-long-said-motivated-by-sex-addiciton-police-2021-3">not by racism, but by a sex addiction</a>. Experts, however, have widely denounced this statement, citing a <a href="https://www.insider.com/experts-say-atlanta-spa-shootings-linked-to-asian-race-gender-2021-3">history of sexualized violence</a> against Asian American women and the dehumanizing stereotypes and objectification it's cultivated.Many note that when women do speak out for a cause - like <a href="http://www.fi2w.org/asian-immigrants-in-the-labor-movement-from-hawaii%E2%80%99s-plantations-to-wisconsin%E2%80%99s-public-sector/">May Chen</a>, who led one of the largest Asian-American worker strikes in 1982, or Evelyn Yoshimura, a civil rights activist who <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/asian-americans-have-been-woke-for-a-long-time_n_588947f1e4b061cf898cc2dd">railed against</a> the myth of the quiet, socially obedient Asian American - they're often met with apathy, or, worse still, admonitions to stay silent by others in their communities, said NAPAWF's Dean."There's still a lot of patriarchy within Asian communities. We're expected to be quiet stay-at-home moms," Dean said. "It's a reckoning that not just this nation has to go through, but one our community has to go through."<h2>Asian American women are on the ground leading local movements</h2>Following the Atlanta shootings, Asian American women are renewing their fight to have their voices heard. During a 3,000-person Georgia <a href="https://www.insider.com/photos-rally-against-hate-erupt-across-the-country-2021-3">rally</a> she helped organize this month, Cam Ashling, the cofounder and chairwoman of the Georgia chapter of the Asian American Action Fund, said she had to "fix" the lineup of speakers because the women had been buried further down."Whose house is on fire right now? Centering Asian women in our public discussion is crucial," Ashling told Insider. "We're normally not at the center of attention, partially because we don't want to be, and partially because we've been ignored."Ashling, who was tapped as Sen. Jon Ossoff's AAPI outreach director during his campaign, said that she and other activists have been "organizing like crazy" in Georgia to mobilize the community against race- and gender-based hate, likening it to "a second Civil Rights Movement for people of color."Betty Hang, a 22-year-old recent college graduate, organized her own vigil, deciding to take matters into her own hands after she didn't hear back from other advocacy groups. "Women are speaking up and being very vocal. I hadn't really seen that before," said Hang. "Asian women have been socialized to not say much and to put our heads down."For Hang, the push to join racial justices causes began last year, as headlines about hate didn't often mention the uptick in violence against <keyword id="426188" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Asian-Americans">Asian Americans</keyword> in her California community. She was inspired by a George Floyd vigil she'd attended around her college graduation last year.Around 500 people of different ethnicities showed up, lighting candles in remembrance of the victims of the Atlanta shootings. Hang noted that, soon after, many of them Asian American women began reaching out for advice on organizing their own events."As Asian women, we hold a lot of things that we haven't been able to be vocal about. But now we can break out of the boxes that people put us in," Hang said.<h2>Fighting for a seat at the table</h2>Activism in communities is matched by advocacy in public policy. Across the country, AAPI women are fighting for policies aimed at dismantling the systemic discrimination and inequities disproportionately experienced by minorities at the local, state, and federal level.Included in that work is breaking down data by ethnicity and by gender to capture Asian diversity and intersectionality, ensuring that underrepresented ethnic groups and women aren't overlooked when making policy decisions."AAPI communities aren't a monolith. We've long been considered 'statistically insignificant' by ethnicity, let alone disaggregating it further by gender," said Dean.Assemblymember Niou is committed to addressing cultural and language barriers that can disadvantage Asian American communities. She ran for office in large part because of her childhood experience acting as the de facto translator for her immigrant parents.But in order to fight for policies that can engender greater equity for minority communities, Niou recognizes that representation comes first. "We're human. We shouldn't have to beg to be recognized as humans too," she said. "I want to make sure that people see these women as their mothers and sisters, that they humanize everyone others are trying to erase. We need our voices heard."

Asian American women are speaking out against hate. Activists say that can mean fighting sexism and erasure

<ul class="summary-list"><li>As anti-Asian violence <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-slams-attacks-on-asian-americans-2021-3">surges</a> amid the pandemic, some have compared it to the Black Lives Matter movement.</li><li>Katie Li, a second-generation Chinese American, writes that this 'rivalry' only reinforces the divide among people of color.</li><li>Activists should stand in solidarity without comparing Asian <keyword id="6463069" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="hate-crimes">hate crimes</keyword> to anti-Black oppression, Li says. </li></ul>This article contains racial slurs.As a second-generation Chinese American, I've always felt disconnected from Chinese culture - I struggle with the language, am unfamiliar with its customs and traditions, and feel like an impostor in a Chinese body when interacting with first-generation immigrants. But I also constantly feel alienated in America. Despite having lived in the US my entire life, I can't help but feel like a foreigner in my own hometown, where people look at my face and immediately see me as something otherly. My whole life, I've identified with the label of "American" as much as I've identified with "chink," "gook," and "virus."The rapid <a href="https://www.insider.com/hate-incidents-against-asian-americans-have-skyrocketed-2021-2">rise in anti-Asian violence</a> and the fear it's instilled in recent months has been a brutal reminder to millions of us of what it means to exist as an Asian in America, and it's left us in a state of overwhelming grief and anger.In light of these hate crimes, Asians ranging from celebrities to politicians to ordinary people have <a href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lana-condor-charles-melton-more-celebs-speak-out-about-anti-asian-hate">spoken out</a> against the increasingly rampant <keyword id="43748" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="discrimination">discrimination</keyword> we face. This is exactly what we should be doing. Given the widespread reluctance to acknowledge anti-Asian <keyword id="44060" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Racism">racism</keyword>, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/asian-americans-are-least-likely-report-hate-incidents-new-research-n1262607">even among Asians ourselves</a>, we need to make our voices heard.But at the same time, however, Asian American advocacy is far too often predicated on rhetoric that's implicitly anti-Black.Instead of uplifting us, this harms all people of color and pits us against one another, thereby upholding the white supremacy that oppresses and dehumanizes us. <h2>Growing up in the US, I've been constantly surrounded by the stereotypes associated with being Asian. </h2>We're purportedly all smart, hardworking, quiet, and obedient. I took pride in hearing friends, teachers, and family members, Asian and non-Asian alike, apply these characteristics to my own race. It felt like a compliment; Asians were all high-achieving, so I automatically was too.When I was told that stereotypes were harmful at a young age, I wondered how this could be possible. After all, what harm could come out of someone believing I was intelligent and hardworking?The narrative that hard work and intelligence - and, by extension, success and prosperity - is an inherent part of the Asian identity not only veils the discrimination we face, but also perpetuates racism against other groups. The assumption is that Asians - the "<a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/04/19/524571669/model-minority-myth-again-used-as-a-racial-wedge-between-asians-and-blacks">model minority</a>" - can achieve <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/research/asian-american-success-and-the-pitfalls-of-generalization/">high levels of success</a> in academia and the workforce despite being people of color, so if Black people fail to do the same, it's because of their own inherent shortcomings rather than systemic barriers.Because being perceived as hardworking doesn't seem offensive or harmful at face value, many Asians buy straight into this narrative, resulting in a subtle sense of anti-Blackness that often manifests itself in Asian American advocacy.<h2>We shouldn't treat racism like a competition</h2>When I first heard about the <a href="https://www.insider.com/deadly-spa-shootings-in-atlanta-metro-area-2021-3">targeted shootings of Asian women</a> in Atlanta several weeks ago, I instantly thought of the tragic murder of <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2021/03/27/981718272/how-vincent-chins-death-gave-others-a-voice">Vincent Chin</a> in 1982. Beyond that, however, I was also reminded of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and countless other Black Americans who were unjustly murdered.Considering the racial unrest in the US this past year, it can be easy to make this connection between anti-Asian and anti-Black violence; it's a reminder that the oppression of one race is tied to that of other races and reaffirms the need to stand in solidarity with other people of color. However, we need to be careful that these connections don't turn into <a href="https://racebaitr.com/2021/03/03/anti-blackness-and-the-fetishization-of-visibility/">comparisons</a>.In response to skyrocketing anti-Asian violence, some people have adopted "<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bs1XFVIXad8WUWYXk0HmeoUz0dILoCJEe4PhU1-5uU0/edit#AsianLivesMatter">Asian Lives Matter</a>" as a catch-all phrase to condemn racism against Asians. Of course, our lives do matter, but using this phrase is fallacious in a way similar to "All Lives Matter" - it's not untrue, but it's a direct response to "Black Lives Matter" that attempts to derail our focus on anti-Black oppression and shift it to a different group. The history of racism in the US is far too nuanced for one marginalized group to simply replace another, even if it's just in a saying or hashtag.Our goal should not be to replace or diminish the Black Lives Matter movement but to simultaneously advocate for Black and <keyword id="426188" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Asian-Americans">Asian Americans</keyword>. Alternative hashtags like <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23StopAsianHate&amp;src=typed_queryuery">#StopAsianHate</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23StopAAPIHate&amp;src=typed_queryuery">#StopAAPIHate</a> accomplish this by condemning anti-Asian racism without co-opting a movement that isn't ours. That being said, this underlying sense of competition - or, as activist Elizabeth Martínez once <a href="https://culturalstudies.ucsc.edu/inscriptions/volume-7/angela-y-davis-elizabeth-martinez/">called</a> it, "Oppression Olympics" - spans far greater than the use of a hashtag. Some Asians have been quick to criticize Black Lives Matter activists for not explicitly acknowledging anti-Asian violence. If activists can advocate for Black people, they reason, then why can't they advocate for Asians?Instead of uplifting ourselves and shedding light on our struggles, this reasoning insinuates that we are only owed support because Black people also received it. It forces us to spend our energy competing with one another rather than truly addressing white supremacy. It unravels the <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/19/opinions/black-asian-american-solidarity-jones/index.html">solidarity</a> between Asian and Black activists and downplays the <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/asian-american-civil-rights-movement-history-2834596">significant work</a> Black civil rights activists have done to benefit people of color throughout history. Activism is not a zero-sum game; fighting anti-Black racism benefits Asians and vice versa. <h2>To truly contribute to Asian activism, here's what we do.</h2>Let's focus on uplifting the voices of Asian Americans. Rather than place blame on the Black Lives Matter movement for occupying so much attention, let's take inspiration from the <a href="https://libguides.franklinpierce.edu/black-history/black-activists">decades of hard work</a> activists have done to bring such attention to racial issues. Let's put our energy into supporting groups like <a href="https://www.advancingjustice-aajc.org/">Asian Americans Advancing Justice</a>, who are bringing visibility to our struggles. Let's <a href="https://www.gofundme.com/f/support-aapi-community-fund">donate</a> to Asian activist groups and <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/photos/2021/03/25-asian-owned-brands-to-support-now-and-always">support</a> Asian-owned businesses. Let's learn more about the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/03/18/history-anti-asian-violence-racism/">history of anti-Asian racism</a> and speak out against politicians' <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/atlanta-shooting-political-rhetoric-violence/2021/03/19/f882f8e8-88b9-11eb-8a8b-5cf82c3dffe4_story.html">xenophobic rhetoric</a>. Let's <a href="https://stopaapihate.org/">report</a> hate incidents and have difficult discussions about how racism impacts us.Let's work with fellow people of color, not against them.<a href="https://katieyli.com/">Katie Li</a> is a journalist from Seattle. Connect with her on <a href="https://twitter.com/katieyli" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a>.

It can be easy to make a connection between anti-Asian and anti-Black violence - but comparing them only creates more division

Muslims becoming radicalized and joining the Islamic State terror group - and in some cases leaving their home countries to travel to the Middle East - is becoming a <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/from-hip-hop-to-jihad-how-the-islamic-state-became-a-magnet-for-converts/2015/05/06/b1358758-d23f-11e4-8b1e-274d670aa9c9_story.html">growing crisis</a> in the West.
Local imams <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/fighting-the-invisible-arm-of-the-islamic-state/2014/12/19/2c2b6b30-8097-11e4-b936-f3afab0155a7_story.html">are speaking about</a> having to fight against a tide of young people who are turning to radical Islam in increasing numbers, Twitter is scrambling to shut down Islamic State accounts that spew propaganda and advertise the brutal acts the group carries out, and airport customs officials are now on the lookout for people who are trying to enter Syria illegally through Turkey.
The Islamic State (also known as ISIS, ISIL, and Daesh) has carefully marketed its "caliphate" - an area about the size of Belgium that the terror group controls in Iraq and Syria - as a utopia, and the group has been incredibly successful at using the internet to recruit fighters and other Muslims to join.
Jessica Stern and J.M. Berger wrote in their book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/ISIS-State-Terror-Jessica-Stern/dp/0062395548/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1431004917&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=isis+the+state+of+terror">"ISIS: The State of Terror"</a> that "as part of its quest to terrorize the world, ISIS had mastered an arena no terrorist group had conquered before - the burgeoning world of social media."
As Stern and Berger noted, previous terror groups like Al Qaeda haven't been nearly as successful in pushing their propaganda to a mass audience.
But by using Westerners like the now-infamous "Jihadi John," <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/british-isis-executioner-jihadi-johns-path-to-radicalization-2015-2">who has since been identified as a British Muslim</a>, to behead other Westerners on videos uploaded to the internet, ISIS quickly caught the attention of just about every major news outlet in the world.

After ISIS terrorists started beheading Western journalists and aid workers, its propaganda quickly reached a mainstream audience.
"Jihadist propaganda had had a history measured in decades, but it had long been obscure and limited to an audience of mostly true believers," Stern and Berger wrote. "Suddenly, the stuff was everywhere, intruding on the phones, tablets, and computers of ordinary people who were just trying to go about their daily business online."
Through this online propaganda, ISIS not only touts its violent acts against "non-believers," but also the lifestyle the group claims to offer its members, referred to by some within the group as "five-star jihad." Most recently, ISIS media channels&#xa0;<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-islamic-state-is-now-in-the-hotel-business-2015-5">announced the reopening of a luxury hotel in Mosul</a>, complete with a photo spread of the facilities.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en">
ISIS Chicks Show Off Their "Five Star Jihad" Lifestyle By Posing On A BMW Toting AK-47s - <a href="http://t.co/TIT71ZSv3B">http://t.co/TIT71ZSv3B</a> <a href="http://t.co/QgO53IqVyu">pic.twitter.com/QgO53IqVyu</a>
- Diyar (@DKurdistan) <a href="https://twitter.com/DKurdistan/status/579730091279802369">March 22, 2015</a>
</blockquote>
And ISIS isn't just targeting Arabic-speaking Muslims who are already in the Middle East. The New York Times <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/19/magazine/her-majestys-jihadists.html">reported last month</a> that foreigners make up half of ISIS' fighting force, and an estimated 4,000 come from Western countries.

To further capitalize on this influx of foreigners, ISIS has released propaganda videos featuring foreign fighters who speak Western languages and can encourage others to come to Syria to wage violent jihad or help the caliphate in some other way.
And these Western recruits, many of whom are recent Muslim converts who are searching for a purpose for their lives, are becoming "some of the most dangerous and fanatical adherents to radical Islam," <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/from-hip-hop-to-jihad-how-the-islamic-state-became-a-magnet-for-converts/2015/05/06/b1358758-d23f-11e4-8b1e-274d670aa9c9_story.html">according to</a> The Washington Post.
The newspaper also pointed out that "the number of converts streaming to aid the Islamic State ... is far greater than in any other modern conflict in the Islamic world."

To lure these new recruits into a new life in the caliphate, ISIS recruiters - <a href="http://www.buzzfeed.com/ellievhall/how-isis-uses-twitter-to-recruit-women">many of whom are young women</a> - are on Twitter and Tumblr, updating their followers about their lives and portraying ISIS territory in an overwhelmingly positive light.
Recruiters also use messaging apps like Kik to communicate with those who want advice on how to cross into Syria. ISIS' propaganda arm has created brochures on how to get there and what to pack, and recruiters can arrange for an ISIS member to meet new recruits in Turkey and help them across the Syrian border.
The idea is to remove potential barriers of entry into ISIS rather than create them, helping huge numbers of foreign fighters to swell their forces in the Middle East.
While Al Qaeda does have foreign fighters in its ranks, the central organization and its offshoots are much more restrictive than ISIS, and their media campaigns aren't as wide-reaching or sophisticated. They also missed a big recruitment opportunity after the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks in the US.&#xa0;
"It was as if bin Laden believed al Qaeda could somehow continue to act as the hidden hand after killing thousands of Americans in a single unforgettable spectacle," Stern and Berger wrote. "It took years for al Qaeda to begin fully exploiting the media-ready elements of September 11."

Radicalized Westerners have caught onto this.
The New York Times <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/19/magazine/her-majestys-jihadists.html?gwh=E9D715073214E85E8D87D8E105F55514&amp;gwt=pay">told the story</a> of&#xa0;Ifthekar Jaman, who lived in England and was born to parents who emigrated from Bangladesh. He traveled to Syria to join a jihadist group, but had trouble getting accepted into the Nusra Front, the Al Qaeda affiliate in Syria.
Ifthekar met a man on a bus in&#xa0;Turkey who took him to a Nusra recruitment office, but the group turned him down because he didn't have the recommendation letters he needed to get in.
Shiraz Maher, a research fellow at the International Center for the Study of Radicalization in London, explained to the Times: "Al Nusra has a vigorous vetting process, especially for foreigners. It's called tazkiyah, and it means that you must be vouched for by someone already in the organization. The system has worked well for Arabs with links to the group, but it has made it much more difficult for Europeans to join."
When Al Qaeda was first created, the group noted in a memo that there were four requirements for membership - swearing allegiance to the emir and being obedient, obtaining a personal referral from a member of Al Qaeda's inner circle, and displaying "good manners," according to Stern and Berger. Al Qaeda also funded foreign fighters around the world who could plan attacks, but these fighters couldn't necessarily call themselves members of the central group itself.
ISIS, on the other hand, says: "'If you're a Muslim, you're already part of the Caliphate,'" Maher said. "'So even if you're too fat, or too old to be a fighter, we'll find something else for you to do. You have a right to emigrate. We'll find a place for you.'"
And while ISIS&#xa0;<a href="http://www.aawsat.net/2014/11/article55338349">does vet aspiring militants</a>, social media has made it much easier for radicalized Westerners to find and connect with a recruiter who can vouch for them and help them travel to the caliphate. Al Qaeda has also established a presence on social media, but its exclusionary policies still make it more difficult for outsiders to penetrate the organization.&#xa0;

Another important point of distinction that sets ISIS apart from rival terror groups like Al Qaeda is that it is trying to establish itself as a legitimate authority that controls territory and provides civil services to its residents.
While some Al Qaeda affiliates have considered doing the same in the past, they saw it more as a PR opportunity rather than a necessary function that was core to its mission, Stern and Berger argue. ISIS "seemed to relish" providing these services and the group's members "radiated enthusiasm for these projects," according to the book.
ISIS established consumer protection bureaus, displayed its flag prominently in public, and set up police forces.
Part of this has to do with its message that any "true" believers should emigrate to the caliphate. In his first public speech after declaring himself the "caliph" or leader, of ISIS, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi said that "hijrah (or emigration) to the land of Islam is obligatory" for Muslims. And ISIS wasn't just calling for fighters to join its caliphate, but also for doctors, administrators, engineers, scholars, and women who could marry future martyrs and bear their children.
Al Qaeda, however, sees the caliphate as a "distant goal" that would not be reached in the immediate future, Stern and Berger note.

And while ISIS compels Muslims to travel to its territory, the group also encourages "lone wolf" attacks in Western nations. This threat is becoming of increasing concern for countries that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/federal-officials-have-a-tough-job-keeping-track-of-potential-domestic-terror-suspects-2015-5">already have a hard time monitoring potential extremists</a>, some of whom carry out attacks on their own terms without being directed by any leaders within the terror groups itself.
Through these means, aspiring jihadists can create a Twitter account and say they're members of ISIS even if they have only minimal ties to the organization. Social media has also made it easy for foreigners to connect with fighters and recruiters in the Middle East without ever having to set foot in Syria.
We saw this happen recently with two gunmen who shot a security officer at a contest in Texas that invited participants to draw the Prophet Mohammed.
One of the gunmen maintained a Twitter account with which he discussed ISIS and pledged allegiance to the group. ISIS later claimed responsibility for the attack, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-us-investigates-is-link-to-texas-shooting-2015-5">although it's unclear if the gunmen were merely inspired by ISIS or if the group actually ordered the attack</a>.
The US government is now scrambling to contain this threat. Just this week, the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs <a href="http://www.hsgac.senate.gov/hearings/jihad-20-social-media-in-the-next-evolution-of-terrorist-recruitment">hosted a panel</a> called "Jihad 2.0: Social Media in the Next Evolution of Terrorist Recruitment." Berger was a member of the panel.
"What ISIS has accomplished so far will have long-term ramifications for jihadist and other extremist movements that may learn from its tactics," Stern and Berger wrote in their book. "A hybrid of terrorism and insurgency, the former al Qaeda affiliate, booted out of that group in part due to its excessive brutality, is rewriting the playbook for extremism."

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