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<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) stated that the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) has ‘inspired’ them with <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>. </li><li>NASA also said that it looks forward to future missions with ISRO. </li><li>NASA’s laser reflector arrays were abroad Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram. </li><li>NASA and ISRO are already collaborating to build the most expensive Earth imaging satellite till date — NISAR — pegged to cost $1.5 billion. </li></ul> As the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tries to figure out <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">what went wrong</a> with the moon landing, international support is pouring in from all corners of the world. The US’ apex space agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), tweeted that that ISRO has ‘inspired’ then with their journey. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="102912" retweetcount="35977" status="Space is hard. We commend @ISRO’s attempt to land their #Chandrayaan2 mission on the Moon’s South Pole. You have in… https://t.co/M2a8mU8eVA" createdat="1567876723000" id="1170385925077131264"></div>

 NASA’s link to Chandrayaan 2 Chandrayaan 2, though primarily an Indian mission, was carrying <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">NASA’s laser instruments</a>. Its laser reflector arrays were aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">the lander</a>. NASA has been sending up laser reflector arrays with every mission that’s aiming to land on the Moon. One was also on the Israeli lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/israeli-scientists-attempt-at-the-first-private-moon-landing-failed-because-of-a-glitch-that-caused-a-high-speed-crash-into-the-lunar-surface/articleshow/68858222.cms">Beresheet</a>, that crashed into the lunar surface earlier this year. The Moon is already home to five such lasers, according to Simone Dell’Angello, a physicist at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics National Laboratory. The aim of populating the Moon with these instruments is to get an accurate reading of the distance between the Earth and its natural satellite. Retroreflectors are basically very high tech mirrors and their job is to reflect back any lasers signals that Earth sends its way. The reflection from the instruments on the lander would help pinpoint its location. The location, in turn, can be used to calculate the precise distance between the Moon and the Earth. NASA’s history with the Moon Landing on the Moon isn’t easy and nobody knows that better than NASA. It took the US space agency <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html">15 attempts </a>before it finally nailed a hard landing on the Moon. Even NASA’s <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html">Surveyor Program</a> — a series of uncrewed soft landings on the Moon — had to face two failures. NASA’s has plans of its own for 2024 The last time NASA sent humans to the Moon was in 1972 as a part of the Apollo 17 mission. Its last uncrewed mission was back in 2013 when it launched the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813104358/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=LADEE">LADEE</a>) to intentionally crash into the far side of the Moon. Now, US President Donald Trump is looking to remake US glory by sending astronauts to the Moon again — the mission is called Artemis. He’s even moved up the deadline from 2028 to 2024 — a move that might <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/NASA-says-it-needs-a-1-6-billion-down-payment-from-Congress-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-within-5-years/articleshow/69331646.cms">cost the US government $1.55 billion</a> as well as reallocating $321 million from other NASA projects. This is on top of NASA’s <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">annual budget</a> of $21.5 billion. And, the spending doesn’t stop there. ISRO and NASA are currently developing a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite — <a href="https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/u-s-india-to-collaborate-on-mars-exploration-earth-observing-mission/">NISAR</a>. The satellite is scheduled to take off in 2020, according to NASA. NISAR is expected to be the most expensive Earth imaging till date with its cost pegged at $1.5 billion. It aims to study the effect of climate change on the environment and the resulting hazards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is asking its fans to share their favorite childhood memories of the Moon.</li><li>Some Twitter users are reminiscing about how they used to call it <keyword id="7411942" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="chanda-mama">Chanda Mama</keyword> (Uncle Moon) or how their moms used to fast before the full Moon.</li><li>Others have shared fantasies where they thought they could fish off of the Moon when they were little.</li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> is heading to the Moon. In the meanwhile, the space organisation is asking Indians to share their favorite childhood <keyword id="7952959" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="moon-stories">moon stories</keyword>. The influence of the Moon on India isn’t lost with its references in the many Bollywood songs and bedtime stories that mothers and grandmothers tell their babies to put them to bed. 
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="2569" retweetcount="281" status="The Moon has never failed to captivate a child’s imagination. @Mayukdg, for instance, recalls watching the Moon thr… https://t.co/bzzmFDx7bs" createdat="1565064969000" id="1158592574375878656"></div>







 Moon and its secrets ISRO and other space agencies may have started to uncover a lot of the Moon’s secrets but there’s a lot that’s still unknown. That’s one of the reasons that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-puts-india-on-moon-south-pole-ahead-of-america-russia-china/articleshow/70212854.cms">everyone wants a piece of the Moon</a> from India’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> to US’ <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-is-testing-all-its-new-tech-for-its-manned-mission-to-the-moon/articleshow/70391104.cms">Artemis mission</a> pegged to launch in 2024. Even so, users of Twitter are reminiscing over how they used to fondly call the Moon Chanda Mama (Uncle Moon) when they were kids and how they used to dream of fishing while sitting on the edge of a Crescent Moon. 
 <div type="image" title="a05bed9d1ab5dafaca462b2b92f74a13_edited" msid="70548243" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A full moon rising on a cloudy day at Rafina in Greece&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 Nonetheless, the Moon has played an important part in human history. It is represented in cave paintings from 15,000 years back and in literature, the moon has the power to turn humans into werewolves. Not to mention the mysterious blood moon which bring spirits to earth. Twitter user @A_for_Shreya reminises how she observed the ‘Schumacher Levy’ as a kid but for scolded by her grandfather for ‘telling bad things’. 
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="A_for_Shreya" handlename="🎭A.R." image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1129821785103319040/2yBXslGe_normal.jpg" favoritecount="2" retweetcount="0" status="@isro @Mayukdg I was in class 3 then.i am always such Sky gazer only on naked eyes. In my village Sky is always ver… https://t.co/Ukv4zfpWHq" createdat="1565065230000" id="1158593665427623936"></div>







 Other users recalled memories of their mothers fasting on <keyword id="31691" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="karva-chauth">Karva Chauth</keyword>, a one-day fast that women keep as per the Hindu calendar for their husbands and only eat once they have seen the full Moon at night. Some even looked for shapes and movements on the Moon — like a jumping rabbit or the ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Amazing-space-photos-of-alien-objects-that-look-eerily-familiar/The-man-in-the-moon-is-perhaps-the-most-familiar-figure-in-space-Some-people-also-report-seeing-a-rabbit-and-other-forms-The-dark-areas-on-the-lunar-surface-were-formed-by-ancient-volcanic-eruptions-and-the-lighter-patches-are-lunar-highlands-/slideshow/48765848.cms">Man on the Moon</a>’. And then there are those who simply choose to thank the Moon for its light during power cuts, and the Moon was the only guiding light. It’s been 14 days since ISRO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-launches-successfully-at-243-pm/articleshow/70328430.cms">launched Chandrayaan 2</a> into orbit after a delayed take off due to a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-chandrayaan-2-gets-delayed-for-a-seventh-time-isro-blames-technical-snag/articleshow/70220868.cms">‘technical snag</a>’. Successfully landing on the Moon’s South Pole during the first week of September will make India the first country to land on one of the most cratered regions of the lunar surface. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a>

ISRO’s Chandrayaan 2 launch is inspiring childhood memories of Karva Chauth and power cuts

In yet another lunar mission, India launches Chandrayaan-2, which will be vested with the task of exploring the darker side of the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is set to be launched on board the GSLV MK III from the Satish Dhawan Space Center located at Sriharikota, the flagship spaceport of India on July 15. Here are some unknown and interesting facts about Chandrayaan-2. Facts about the launch Chandrayaan-2 becomes the second lunar mission of India. Once the launch becomes successful, India will become the fourth country on the earth to achieve soft landing on the moon. Explore the southern polar region of the moon The sole objective of Chandrayaan is to explore the south-polar region of the moon, which has not been charted till date. The mission Chandrayaan-2 is expected to increase our understanding of the earth’s sole natural satellite. The discoveries that are possible through this mission is expected to benefit India in particular and the humanity at large. Advantages of sending Chandrayaan-2 to the moon Moon is the nearest space object to the earth. Moon can be used something like attest bed for the space launch and the knowledge gained out of Chandrayaan-2 mission can give enough insights on the deep-space missions India can attempt in the future to distant spatial bodies. Where it will land Chandrayaan-2 will try to soft-land the rover Pragyan and lander Vikram in a high plain region of the moon located in between two craters called as Manzinus C and Simpelius N at a latitude of 70 degrees south. Some special facts about Chandrayan-2 Chandrayaan-2 is the first ever space mission by any country to explore the south pole of the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is fully powered by home-grown technology. What the mission intends to do The mission forming part of Chandrayaan-2 will help the country and the humanity accumulate a better understanding of how the moon originated and evolved. The mission will perform some topographical studies in a detailed manner in addition to some mineralogical analysis, and a line of other kinds of experiments on the moon’s surface. Possibly, we could gain some valuable inputs on the kind of rocks found on the moon and the presence of water molecules in the moon’s surface. What is the implication of the mission for ISRO This mission will help the ISRO surpass the aspirations among the international community. The mission can also inspire a set of future scientists, explorers and engineers of extraordinary skills and talents. The entire mission will succeed in expanding India’s space footprint. Timeline of the mission Lander Vikram is scheduled to land on the South Pole of the moon on September 6, 2019. Following this, Rover will start doing some experiments on the moon’s surface for a period of 14 earth days or what is known as one lunar day. The mission of Orbiter will extend for a period of one year. Made in India GSLV MK III is the most powerful launcher India will be using for the mission Chandrayaan-2. This launcher is fully designed and manufactured in India.

Unknown Facts About Chandrayaan 2

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) attempt to soft land near the Moon’s South Pole ended in loss of contact with the lunar lander, Vikram. </li><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the <keyword id="8074589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="United-Arab-Emirates-space-agency">United Arab Emirates Space Agency</keyword> have expressed their support for ISRO. </li><li>Mauritius, Maldives, Vietnam, Bhutan, and Bulgaria also offered words of encouragement for India and ISRO. </li></ul>India’s second mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan 2, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">might not have been a complete success</a> but nations from all over the world are rallying their support. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tweeted that it is ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/nasa-inspired-by-chandrayaan-2-as-it-plans-to-return-to-the-moon-after-7-years/articleshow/71031506.cms">inspired</a>’ by India’s attempt to soft land on the Moon. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="104991" retweetcount="36538" status="Space is hard. We commend @ISRO’s attempt to land their #Chandrayaan2 mission on the Moon’s South Pole. You have in… https://t.co/M2a8mU8eVA" createdat="1567876723000" id="1170385925077131264"></div>

 NASA’s laser retroreflectors were onboard the lunar lander, Vikram, which is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">no longer sending any signals</a> back to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Space Agency also came in support of ISRO. The director of the organisation, Mohammed AlAhbabi, stated that losing contact with the lunar lander ‘is not the end of success’ for India. He even called India ‘a great space power’. <div type="twitter" handle="DrAlahbabi" handlename="Dr.Mohammed AlAhbabi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/602453760833519616/Zav_xcgp_normal.jpg" favoritecount="2938" retweetcount="855" status="The loss of contact with the Indian spacecraft, #Chandrayaan2 which was planned to land on the #moon, is not the en… https://t.co/VreBmj4O83" createdat="1567859099000" id="1170312002696286214"></div>

 <keyword id="8074590" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mauritius-Prime-Minister-Pravind-Jugnauth">Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth</keyword> echoed NASA’s interest in collaborating with India on space missions. He tweeted that despite the landing not being successful, it’s still a ‘major technological advancement’ for the Indian space programme. <div type="twitter" handle="MauritiusPM" handlename="Pravind Jugnauth" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1167874717547556865/0RHupdpJ_normal.jpg" favoritecount="13125" retweetcount="2441" status="I wish to congratulate the government of India and the ISRO team for their attempt at landing the Vikram lander and… https://t.co/b6UNjidXQi" createdat="1567844317000" id="1170250004457578496"></div>

 The Bulgarian foreign ministry also chimed in to congratulate India and Prime Minister Narendra Modi on India’s endeavour to land on the Moon. Despite being unsuccessful, Bulgaria believes this can lay the groundwork for India’s next attempt. <div type="twitter" handle="MFABulgaria" handlename="MFA Bulgaria" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/558255116298358784/i2DPgPi6_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="4024" retweetcount="724" status="We congratulate India on their historic #Chandrayaan-2 mission attempting to land at the lunar South Pole. Despite… https://t.co/S0GsL30khy" createdat="1567867968000" id="1170349201601024003"></div>

 Bhutan’s Prime Minister Lotay Tshering too is confident that India will definitely ‘make it happen one day’. Just the hard work and courage that went into attempting such a feat is ‘historical’, according to Tshering. <div type="twitter" handle="PMBhutan" handlename="PM Bhutan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1162028719872942080/VFYbpED4_normal.jpg" favoritecount="111114" retweetcount="20825" status="We are proud of India and its scientists today. Chandrayaan-2 saw some challenges last minute but the courage and h… https://t.co/w8Zdlj0OcJ" createdat="1567824453000" id="1170166685912817664"></div>

 Maldives President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih shares a similar opinion that ISRO’s headway with Chandrayaan 2 advances the ‘cause of human scientific progress’. <div type="twitter" handle="ibusolih" handlename="Ibrahim Mohamed Solih" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1109020376569249792/_MUP8CjS_normal.jpg" favoritecount="18566" retweetcount="3502" status="With Chandraayan 2, India has made history. Whatever the final outcome, landing a probe on the moon is no mean feat… https://t.co/nD0Y6nX2IJ" createdat="1567846293000" id="1170258290443374592"></div>

 To cap it off, Vietnam’s Deputy Prime Minister tweeted on an optimistic note that ‘this is just the beginning of the story’. <div type="twitter" handle="FMPhamBinhMinh" handlename="PhamBinhMinh" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/669436671751020544/4ZZxFBUc_normal.jpg" favoritecount="4993" retweetcount="870" status="#Chandrayaan2: success doesn't come easy, it's a long journey with a lot of efforts and it is worth to try. My appr… https://t.co/fmx63Z4Iab" createdat="1567866101000" id="1170341372030681090"></div>

 See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

International support pours in for ISRO after losing contact with lunar lander

<ul><li>An Indian techie, Shanmuga Subramanian helped <keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> spot Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface. </li><li>He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on Monday confirming the find. </li><li>In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. </li></ul>Meet Shanmuga Subramanian, 33, who is now being hailed a ‘tech wizard’ for helping NASA find the debris of Vikram Lander on the moon. He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on <a href="http://businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-finds-isros-chandrayaan-2-vikram-lander-crash-site/articleshow/72341436.cms">Monday confirming the find</a>. “I didn’t use any tools, only used my laptop to scan images,” said Subramanian who claimed to be a ‘big fan of ISRO’. He also told in a television interview that he never missed an ISRO launch. In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing-- before and after images," said NASA in a statement. “I hope this inspires a lot of amateur space enthusiasts. I found one piece of the Vikram lander and based on that NASA found the other parts. I hope ISRO will have a successful Chandrayaan 3,” said Subramanian while speaking on a TV channel. Today, the US space agency officially tweeted an image of the debris that was spotted on the moon’s surface. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="7906" retweetcount="3130" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>





 Just three hours after NASA’s Tweet, Subramanian identified himself on Twitter and spelt out the details. As expected, it went viral. And India’s most social media friendly industrialist <keyword id="46425" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anand-Mahindra">Anand Mahindra</keyword> shared the viral tweet and engaged in a banter with a person trying to discredit him. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="10209" retweetcount="3913" status="@NASA has credited me for finding Vikram Lander on Moon's surface #VikramLander #Chandrayaan2 @timesofindia… https://t.co/NJPPTr4aBP" createdat="1575327690000" id="1201637543394983936"></div>




 Subramanian also shared a screenshot from the mail he received from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission (LROC), saying that he will be given due credit for his findings. “The debris first located by Shanmuga is about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site and was a single bright pixel identification in that first mosaic (1.3 meter pixels, 84° incidence angle). The November mosaic shows best the impact crater, ray and extensive debris field. The three largest pieces of debris are each about 2x2 pixels and cast a one pixel shadow,” wrote NASA. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="430" retweetcount="140" status="@LRO_NASA @NASA @isro @NASA @LRO_NASA @isro This might be Vikram lander's crash site (Lat:-70.8552 Lon:21.71233 )… https://t.co/rJ3NixMmqy" createdat="1574001967000" id="1196077057928622080"></div>





 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LRCO) tried to locate Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. 
 
 <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="72341436" title="Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Meet the 33-year-old Chennai techie who spotted Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface and alerted NASA

<ul><li>Google is celebrating the 100th birthday of an Indian scientist Dr <keyword id="29151" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="vikram-sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</keyword>’s with a ‘Doodle.’ </li><li>Sarabhai established the Indian Space Research Organization (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) in 1962. </li><li>At a young age of 28, he also established the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad. </li><li>The Indian scientist was also awarded with Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan.</li></ul>Google is celebrating the 100th birthday of an Indian scientist Dr Vikram Sarabhai on Monday, with a ‘doodle.’ A Mumbai-based artist Pavan Rajurkar sketched the doodle, where L of Google turns into a rocket. This year, India which sent Chandrayaan-2 to space, has more reasons to celebrate the birthday of the multitalented innovator and physicist. Sarabhai is called the father of India’s space programme, after he established the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1962. ‘Not a fantasy’ Ever since, many things related to space are named after him. in 1973, India named a cavity on the moon in his honour with the name ‘Vikram’. The lander which will drop Chandrayaan-2 onto the moon on September 7, is also called Vikram. Sarabhai has chalked the strategy of ISRO early on, too. "There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight,” he had said. C.V. Raman’s protege Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. He studied from University of Cambridge with a major in science. He later joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore and began research in cosmic rays under the guidance of Nobel winner Sir C.V. Raman. "To us there is no ambiguity of purpose. We are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally and in the comity of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society," news agency IANS reported citing Vikram’s statement. At the age of 28, he established the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad. He had then set up the first rocket launching station in India. In 1966, he was awarded with Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan, six years later. He was also Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. Along with other Ahmedabad-based industrialists, he played a major role in the creation of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. With inputs from IANS See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-wants-moon-stories-after-chandrayaan-2-launch/articleshow/70548181.cms">ISRO’s Chandrayaan 2 launch is inspiring childhood memories of Karva Chauth and power cuts</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/akshay-kumars-mission-mangal-could-miss-facts-about-mangalyaan/articleshow/70498232.cms">The truth of ISRO's Mangalyaan which Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal could miss</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-successfully-clears-its-second-orbit-as-it-races-to-the-moon/articleshow/70388934.cms">Chandrayaan-2 successfully clears its second orbit as it races to the Moon</a>

Google Doodle is celebrating Vikram Sarabhai’s 100th birthday — the father of Indian space programme

Chennai, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> has lined up a series of exploration missions including to Mars, Venus and to the Moon again, apart from the maiden human spaceflight programme, Chairman <keyword id="2618685" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="s-somanath" source="Orion">S Somanath</keyword> said. The space agency also has drawn up plans to launch missions for studying climate and weather conditions of the Earth, the space agency chief said, speaking to reporters on Sunday. Besides, ISRO is also working on regular scientific missions including communication, remote sensing satellites, Somanath, who is also the Secretary of the Department of Space, said here. Speaking about the Gaganyaan programme, he said the maiden TV-D1 test flight is scheduled for October 21. Elaborating about the upcoming missions undertaken by the Bengaluru-headquartered space agency, he said, "We have exploration missions. We have plans to go to Mars, Venus, again sometime to the Moon. We also have programmes to look at the climate and weather of Earth." Stressing that the scientists at ISRO would be focused on taking up regular missions like launching satellites for communications and remote sensing, he said scientific missions are also in the pipeline to look at issues like aeronomy, thermal imaging, and climate change impact assessment. "So many things are there and we are very busy doing all of this," he said. To a query about whether scientists were able to receive any kind of response from the Vikram lander of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, which successfully made a soft-landing on the surface of the Moon on August 23, he said Vikram had done its job very well during the lunar day (equivalent of 14 Earth days) at which time it was programmed to perform its functions. "It is happily sleeping on the Moon. It has done its job very well. Maybe if it wishes to wake up, let it wake up. Until then, we will wait," he said. ISRO made efforts to re-establish communication with rover Pragyan and lander Vikram after they were put into sleep mode in September following the onset of night on the Moon. "No signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue," ISRO had said. After the historic landing on August 23, lander Vikram and rover Pragyan performed different tasks on the lunar surface, including detecting the presence of sulphur and recording relative temperature. About ISRO's maiden mission to study the Sun, Somanath said the spacecraft is 'very healthy' and is on a 110-day long journey to the Lagrange point L1 and is expected to reach the intended destination by "middle of January." "It is a long journey. It is almost 110 days of journey and it has covered some distance now. We corrected a little bit of its trajectory, because early correction is important to reach the L1 point. After tracking, we find it is going in the right direction towards the L1 point," he said. Observing that the rocket is on a 'complex travel', Somanath said, "It takes almost another 70-75 days further to reach. By the middle of January, it will reach there. After that, we will make some corrections to make it enter into the Halo orbit at the L1 point." "After that instruments will be switched on and it will start doing the scientific data streaming. Currently, everything is very healthy on Aditya L1," he said. Aditya-L1 was launched on September 2, and it is the first Indian space-based observatory that will study the Sun from a halo orbit around the first <keyword id="19149915" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sun-earth-lagrangian" source="Orion">Sun-Earth Lagrangian</keyword> point (L1), which is located roughly 1.5 million km from the Earth. Earlier, Somanath visited the residence of renowned agricultural scientist <keyword id="86797" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="m-s-swaminathan" source="Orion">M S Swaminathan</keyword>, who passed away on September 28. He met the family members of the eminent plant geneticist known as the driving force behind India's 'Green Revolution', here in the city. "I am here today just to pay my tributes and my affection to his (M S Swaminathan's) contribution... Whoever works in whichever field whether it is space, agriculture or sustainability and many other domains, we all find a place to work together," he said. "Thank you so much for the opportunity. His (M S Swaminathan's) legacy will continue to inspire more young people in the country to work in science and technology." Somanath said.

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<ul><li>Kabir Singh was the most searched film on Google in India followed by 3 exceptional Hollywood movies — Avengers: Endgame, Joker and Captain Marvel. </li><li>Everything related to Kabir Singh was a success. The film became the highest-grossing Indian movie after minting ₹276 crore </li><li>Marvel’s Avengers: Endgame became the highest-grossing film of all time with its total box-office collection hitting $2.789 billion. </li></ul>As 2019 draws to a close, Google narrows down the top movies that users searched for the most in India. Kabir Singh was the most searched film on Google in India followed by 3 exceptional Hollywood movies — Avengers: Endgame, Joker and Captain Marvel. Here’s a list of the top 10 movies searched for on Google in 2019: Kabir Singh <div type="image" title="Kabir_Singh" msid="72475823" hostid="261"></div>

 Everything related to Kabir Singh was a success. The film became the highest-grossing Indian movie after minting ₹276 crore. Its music album was the ‘most favourite’ on Spotify music in 2019. Kabir Singh, starring Shahid Kapoor and <keyword id="1788525" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kiara-Advani">Kiara Advani</keyword>, is a remake of the famous Telugu hit film Arjun Reddy. The film revolves around a self-destructive lover who struggles with anger issues gets addicted to drugs and alcohol after his girlfriend is forced to marry someone else. Avengers: Endgame <div type="image" title="PRI_95933080" msid="72475830" hostid="261"></div>

 Avengers: Endgame was the most awaited movie from the Marvel Comic Universe — the final film in the Avengers trilogy. Most of the fans wanted to know what Doctor Strange and <keyword id="6414070" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Iron-Man">Iron Man</keyword> will do to reverse Thanos’ snap, which killed off half the human on Earth at end of Infinity War. Marvel’s Avengers: Endgame became the highest-grossing film of all time with its total box-office collection hitting $2.789 billion. It broke Avatar’s record, which it had for almost a decade, of $2.788 billion. Joker <div type="image" title="maxresdefault" msid="72475867" hostid="261"></div>

 Joker is one of the oldest villains in DC's comics — and famed for being Batman’s arch-nemesis. This film is based on his origin story which has been evolving since the 1940s. It portrays how a disturbed loner Arthur Fleck, with difficult parentage and childhood, turns into a sociopath. Joker grossed $331 million in India. Globally, Joker’s collections hit $234 million, with $140.5 million coming from 73 offshore territories. Joker grossed $93.5 million globally over its first weekend, making it the best October debut ever. Captain Marvel <div type="image" title="_105912023_marvel1_disney" msid="72475876" hostid="261"></div>

 Captain Marvel introduces the Marvel Cinematic Universe's (MCU) first standalone, female-franchise title character, Carol Danvers or Captain Marvel. The film follows Danvers' journey as she becomes one of the universe's most powerful heroes. It released in India just before Avengers: Endgame and garnered $427 million. It is among the highest grossing US films in the country. Super 30 <div type="image" title="E80B6AAF-D127-4C31-B8E0-E3268124FAA6" msid="72475883" hostid="261"></div>

 Super 30 is a biopic starring Bollywood’s Hrithik Roshan who plays the role of an inspiring teacher, Anand Kumar. Based on a true-story, Kumar revolutionises the education system in the heartlands with his Super 30 programme. He coaches talented but underprivileged children who wish to crack engineering entrance exam of IIT-JEE. Hrithik Roshan’s Super 30 crossed ₹100 crore mark, 11 days after its release in India. Its overall earning were ₹147 crore. Mission Mangal <div type="image" title="ED13004A-DD88-44AA-97A5-0E227DEE2B6F" msid="72475892" hostid="261"></div>

 <keyword id="2823" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Akshay-Kumar">Akshay Kumar</keyword>’s Mission Mangal is based on India’s space mission to Mars. And, one of the many reasons it caught the attention of the masses was because ISRO was simultaneously planning its real-life launch of Chandrayaan 2 — India’s second mission to the moon. It was released over the weekend — owing to the holiday on August 15 for Independence Day— which boosted collections. Mission Mangal crossed ₹29 crore within 24 hours of release covering 20% of the movie’s total budget of ₹140 crore. Overall, it earned around ₹192 crore. Gully Boy <div type="image" title="201911035_1-h_2019" msid="72475899" hostid="261"></div>

 Gully Boy is loosely based on the life of street rappers, Divine and Naezy. The film was shot in Dharavi — one of the world’s largest slum. The movie stars <keyword id="143436" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ranvir-Singh">Ranvir Singh</keyword> as the lead with Kalki Koechlin, Vijay Raaz and Siddhant Chaturvedi in supporting roles. 'Gully Boy' was India's official entry to the Oscars in 2019. It earned ₹134 crore at the box office. War <div type="image" title="_d4ebc3ea-e4f2-11e9-939f-ba4a7f73df5c" msid="72475905" hostid="261"></div>

 War is an action thriller where an Indian soldier Khalid, played by Tiger Shroff, is assigned to kill his mentor Kabir, Hrithik Roshan — a spy gone rogue. The movie crossed ₹250 crore within 11 days of its release, according to film critic Taran Adarsh. It became the second-highest grosser of 2019, a title previously held by Aditya Dhar’s Uri: The Surgical Strike. Housefull 4 <div type="image" title="104308-houseful4-trailer1" msid="72475915" hostid="261"></div>

 The third Akshay Kumar movie int Google’s top 10, Housefull 4, earned ₹53 crore in the first three days of its release. The incarnation dramedy involves three brothers who are supposed to marry three sisters but things go haywire after one of the brothers ‘remembers’ their past. The film features Akshay Kumar, Riteish Deshmukh, Bobby Deol, <keyword id="210696" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kriti-Sanon">Kriti Sanon</keyword>, Kriti Kharbanda, Pooja Hegde and Chunkey Pandey. Housefull 4 has also earned a whopping ₹77 crore in international markets. Uri - The Surgical Strike <div type="image" title="806551-uri" msid="72475923" hostid="261"></div>

 Uri - The Surgical Strike starring Vicky Kaushal is a jolting reminder of India's surgical strikes against Pakistan in 2016. The movie was lauded for triggering the patriotic feelings in India. The film earned an estimated ₹342.06 crore. It is the first midrange movie to cross ₹200 crore.Both Kaushal and Uri’s director won the national award for the film.

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