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<ul><li><keyword id="913432" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan 1</keyword>, India's first mission to Moon, completes 11 years today.</li><li>The landmark mission set the stage for the Indian space program going forward.</li><li>The success of Chandrayaan 1 also marked India's prowess in developing its own technology.</li></ul>Over a decade ago, India took its first steps towards the Moon off a small island on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. As most of the country slept soundly in their beds, Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) in Sriharikota rumbled as a 300-tonne rocket blasted into the skies. As a new dawn folded out over India, a new dawn shone over its technological prowess as well. And since the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has come a long way building on the path paved by Chandrayaan 1. Here’s how Chandrayaan 1 set the tone for India’s space programme for the coming years:

Chandrayaan 1 — India marks the 11th anniversary of its first successful mission to the Moon

<ul><li><keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>, India's second mission to the moon, has been delayed for the seventh time.</li><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) announced that the launch has been scrapped for now due to a 'technical snag'.</li><li>A new perspective launch date for <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2 is yet to be announced.</li></ul>India's second lunar mission, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a>, was set to take off with much fanfare. But it was called off — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-moon-mission-chandrayaan-2-halted-yet-again/articleshow/68737760.cms">yet again</a> — due to a 'technical snag' with less than an hour before the scheduled take off at 2:15 am, today morning. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="6420" retweetcount="1955" status="A technical snag was observed in launch vehicle system at 1 hour before the launch. As a measure of abundant precau… https://t.co/N2YBX8bbPj" createdat="1563140389000" id="1150520298761936896"></div>



 In a press conference late, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) officially declared that it wouldn't be possible for Chandrayaan 2 to make the launch window. "A technical snag was noticed. We first have to approach the vehicle to assess the problem. First we have to empty the fuel loaded in the rocket, then the rocket will be taken back for further investigation," an ISRO official told IANS. "This process will take 10 days after that only we can decide on the launch schedule," he added. This makes it the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-moon-mission-chandrayaan-2-halted-yet-again/articleshow/68737760.cms">seventh time</a> that India has tried to get Chandrayaan 2 off the ground but circumstances have gotten in the way. Are we there yet? The launch was progressing as planned with ISRO announcing that the launch vehicle, GSLV Mark III-M1 — called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/countdown-for-bahubali-to-fly-with-chandrayaan-2-to-begin-on-sunday/articleshow/70202041.cms">Bahubali</a> or India's 'Fat Boy' rocket — had completed fuelling an hour before the launch. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="4102" retweetcount="759" status="Filling of Liquid Hydrogen in Cryogenic stage of #GSLVMkIII-M1 completed. #Chandrayaan2 #ISRO Stay tuned for more updates.." createdat="1563134672000" id="1150496319212941312"></div>



 Even though there was a slight drizzle at the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, the space agency said it would have no impact on the launch. But amid conducting final checks, the countdown clock was paused at 56 minutes leaving onlookers wondering what had gone wrong. Soon after, it was announced that Chandrayaan 2 wouldn't be coinciding with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/8-of-the-surviving-apollo-astronauts-got-together-for-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-moon-landing-and-buzz-aldrins-outfit-stole-the-show/articleshow/68729845.cms">Apollo 11's 50th Anniversary</a>. ISRO is yet to announce a new date for the mission . The world watches India The Chandrayaan 2 mission has been in the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">international spotlight</a> since it put India in the elite group of countries — Russia, China and the US — who have successfully managed to land on the Moon. It was also make India the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-chandrayaan-2-takes-the-lead-ahead-of-america-russia-and-china-as-the-first-of-many-missions-to-the-moons-south-pole/articleshow/70212854.cms">first country</a> to land on the South Pole of the Moon, which is a feat in itself since there are a lot more craters to navigate while landing as compared to other regions of the lunar surface. Getting Chandrayaan 2 off the ground is only one part of the equation. The soft landing on the Moon, which should take around 15 minutes, is going to be a bigger challenge. As K Sivan, the ISRO chief <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/chandrayaan-2-to-launch-on-july-15-confirms-isro/articleshow/69754244.cms">puts it</a>, "Those 15 minutes will be the most terrifying moment for us." See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-puts-india-on-moon-south-pole-ahead-of-america-russia-china/articleshow/70212854.cms">India's Chandrayaan 2 takes the lead ahead of America, Russia, and China as the first of many missions to the Moon's South Pole</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn't find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India's second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a>

India’s Chandrayaan 2 gets delayed due to a technical snag, pausing countdown at 56 mins

How Chandrayaan 1 set the stage for India's space program

Bengaluru, <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> spacecraft moved closer to the Moon's surface on Wednesday after it underwent another orbit reduction maneuver, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> said.India's ambitious third Moon mission's spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 after the launch on July 14, had entered into lunar orbit or the Moon's orbit on August 5. "Even closer to the moon's surface. Chandrayaan-3's orbit is reduced to 174 km x 1437 km following a maneuver performed today," ISRO said in a tweet. The next operation is scheduled for August 14, between 11.30 am and 12.30 pm, ISRO said. A similar orbit reduction maneuver was carried out by the ISRO on Sunday. As the mission progresses, a series of maneuvers is being conducted by ISRO to gradually reduce Chandrayaan-3's orbit and position it over the lunar poles. According to ISRO sources, there will be two more orbit reduction maneuvers to bring the spacecraft closer to the Moon. These maneuvers will be performed on August 14 and 16 to reach 100 km orbit, following which the landing module, comprising the lander and rover will break away from the propulsion module. After this, the lander is expected to undergo a "deboost" (the process of slowing down) and make a soft landing on the south polar region of the Moon on August 23. Over five moves in the three weeks since the July 14 launch, ISRO had lifted the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbits farther and farther away from the Earth. Then, on August 1 in a key maneuver -- a slingshot move -- the spacecraft was sent successfully towards the Moon from Earth's orbit. Following this trans-lunar injection, the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft escaped from orbiting the Earth and began following a path that would take it to the vicinity of the moon. Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It consists of lander and rover configuration. It comprises an indigenous propulsion module, lander module, and a rover with an objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for inter-planetary missions. The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. The propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and polarimetric measurements of earth from the lunar orbit. The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are to demonstrate safe and soft landing on the lunar surface, to demonstrate rover roving on the Moon, and to conduct in-situ scientific experiments. The lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the rover that will carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the Moon's surface during the course of its mobility. The lander and the rover have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on the lunar surface.

Chandrayaan-3 gets closer to the Moon's surface: ISRO

Chandrayaan-3, India's mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in early 2021, Union Minister <keyword id="52861" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jitendra-Singh">Jitendra Singh</keyword> said on Sunday. However, unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter, but will include a lander and a rover, he added. After the hard landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September last year, space agency ISRO had planned another mission to the Moon later this year. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hit several of ISRO's projects and delayed missions like Chandrayaan-3. "As for Chandrayaan-3, the launch may now take place somewhere in early 2021. Chandrayaan-3 will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter," a statement quoting Singh said. Planned to land on the South Pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22 last year. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The orbiter of the mission is working fine and has been sending data. Singh, who is the Minister of State for the Department of Space, said Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's maiden mission to the Moon launched in 2008, has sent images which show that Earth's satellite may be rusting along the poles. "The sign of this finding is that even though the surface of the Moon is known to have iron-rich rocks, it is not known for the presence of water and oxygen, which are the two elements needed to interact with iron to create rust," he said. Scientists at <keyword id="9471075" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>) say that this could be because the Earth's own atmosphere is lending a helping hand which, in other words, means that the Earth's atmosphere could be protecting the Moon as well, the statement said. "Thus, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon data indicates that the Moon's poles are home to water, this is what the scientists are trying to decipher," the statement added. Meanwhile, preparations are going on for India's first-ever Human Space mission Gaganyaan, he added. The training processes and other procedures are also in place. "Constraints due to the <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid">COVID</keyword> pandemic led to some disruptions in the plan for Gaganyaan but efforts are going on to stick to the timeline of around 2022," the minister said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pubg-ban-india-makes-chinese-company-tencent-loses-34-billion-in-2-days/articleshow/77924912.cms">Tencent loses nearly $34 billion since the PUBG Mobile ban in India — its second-largest valuation dip this year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/facebook-officially-rolls-out-instagram-reels-but-not-everyone-is-happy-with-the-new-update/articleshow/77930380.cms">Facebook officially rolls out Instagram Reels — but not everyone is happy with the new update</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-and-the-other-richest-tech-billionaires-lost-a-total-of-44-billion-this-week/articleshow/77941008.cms">Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, and the other richest tech billionaires lost a total of $44 billion this week</a>

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

Mumbai, Of the 111 lunar missions in the last seven decades, 62 were successful, 41 failed and eight achieved partial success, according to the US space agency <keyword id="18017957" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NASAs-database-on-Moon" source="Orion">NASA's database on Moon</keyword> missions. India on Friday launched its third mission to the Moon, <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword>, with an aim to soft land on the surface of Earth's only natural satellite. A successful landing would make India the fourth country to achieve the rare feat after the United States, China and the erstwhile USSR. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the technically challenging soft landing on the lunar surface, which Chandrayaan-2 could not achieve, has been planned for 5.47 pm on August 23. Former <keyword id="648399" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO-chairman-G-Madhavan-Nair" source="Orion">ISRO chairman G Madhavan Nair</keyword> said the success rate of lunar missions is nearly 50 per cent because of the uncertainties when the rockets leave Earth's gravitational field. "The influence of other planets, from the Sun, is quite a bit. A lot of radiation conditions exist in space and this leaves some equipment or components prone to failure. In India's both missions (Chandrayaan 1 and 2), we have precisely reached the moon's orbit," Nair told PTI on Friday. From 1958 to 2023, India as well as the US, the USSR (now Russia), Japan, the European Union, China and Israel have launched different lunar missions - from orbiters, landers and flyby (orbiting the Moon, landing on the Moon and flying by the Moon), as per the data. The first mission to the Moon - Pioneer 0 - was launched by the US on August 17, 1958, though it was unsuccessful. Six more missions were launched by the USSR and the US in the same year, but all failed. Luna 1, launched by the USSR on January 2, 1959, achieved partial success. It was also the first 'Moon flyby' mission. The Ranger 7 mission launched in July 1964 by the US was the first to take close-up pictures of the Moon. The first lunar soft landing and first pictures from the lunar surface came from Luna 9, launched by the USSR in January 1966. Five months later, in May 1966, the US successfully launched a similar mission named Surveyor-1. The Apollo 11 mission in July 1969 was the landmark expedition through which humans stepped onto the lunar surface for the first time. The three-crewed mission was headed by Neil Amstrong. From 1958 to 1979, only the US and the USSR launched Moon missions. In these 21 years, the two countries launched 90 such space expeditions. There was a lull in the decade that followed with no lunar missions from 1980-89. Japan, the European Union, China, India and Israel were late entrants. Japan launched Hiten, an orbiter mission in January 1990. This was also Japan's first Moon mission. After that, in September 2007, Japan launched Selene, another orbiter mission. There were six lunar missions from 2000-2009 - Europe (Smart-1), Japan (Selene), China (Chang'e 1), India (Chandrayaan-1) and the US (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and LCCROSS). Since 1990, the US, Japan, India, the European Union, China and Israel have collectively launched 21 lunar missions.

Success rate of lunar missions is a little over 50% as per NASA database

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/founder-and-executive-chairman-of-alibaba-group-jack-ma-news-photo/455720268">Andrew Burton/Getty Images</a></div></div></div>Happy anniversary, Alibaba!It's been one year <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/alibaba-ipo-september-19-2014-9">since Alibaba made its debut</a> in the largest initial public offering Wall Street has ever seen.Alibaba's IPO priced at $68 per share, giving the company a valuation of $168 billion.It was chaos outside the NYSE, with folks <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nyse-alibaba-ipo-photos-2014-9">lining up</a> outside the exchange to get a slice of China's exploding internet sector.Here was a massive Chinese e-commerce company that was seen as a huge threat to giants like Amazon and eBay. Earlier this year, Wells Fargo analysts <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/wells-fargo-says-alibaba-will-be-bigger-than-walmart-2015-5">said</a> the company was on its way to become bigger than Wal-Mart. After the IPO, shares enjoyed a rush of enthusiasm from investors, surging about 30% to its peak near $119.15 a share in November - less than two months after going public. Alibaba also became a favorite holding for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-hedge-funds-piled-into-alibaba-shares-in-third-quarter-2014-11">hedge funds</a>.But few public companies have been as controversial in the past year. There were <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/alibaba-shares-hit-all-time-low-2015-3">fraud allegations</a>. The Chinese government said the company was not working hard enough to deal with people who sold fake goods on Taobao, its largest online selling platform. A <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/alibaba-fraud-allegations-are-overblown-2015-4">separate report</a> said vendors were "brushing", or paying people to leave positive reviews online.More recently, Barron's magazine <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/barrons-cover-story-warns-alibaba-50-percent-2015-9">published</a> the scathing cover story last weekend, saying that its shares could fall 50%, and doubting the integrity of its financial numbers. The company, of course, Since it peaked last November, the stock has fallen steadily, and is now down 30% from its IPO price, closing at $65.96 on Thursday.It sure has been a wild ride.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image">Google Finance</div></div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/hong-kong-alibaba-ipo-jack-ma-nyse-2014-9">Here's How People In China Are Reacting After Alibaba's Jack Ma Left Hong Kong In The Dust</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="RpdTJkcDrND_Xmda3u4TOPvreXVFa5G6" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Happy 1-year anniversary, Alibaba!

<ul><li><keyword id="191583" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jeff-Bezos">Jeff Bezos</keyword>, founder of <keyword id="199288" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Blue-Origin">Blue Origin</keyword> and Amazon, has wished India 'good luck' as <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> attempts to land on the Moon tonight.</li><li>Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, is scheduled to soft land on the moon between 1:30am and 2:30am Indian Standard Time (IST) on 7 September, 2019.</li><li>Bezos' plans for outer space include setting up an outpost on the Moon to mine for resources that will eventually build a bigger colony.</li></ul>The world is watching Chandrayaan 2 as it makes it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2s-soft-landing-on-the-moon-will-be-the-15-most-terrifying-minutes-for-isro/articleshow/71011152.cms">landing</a> near the Moon's South Pole. And so is one of the world’s richest men, Jess Bezos — the founder of Amazon and his own space company, Blue Origin. And, he’s rooting for India to reach the Moon safe and sound. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="JeffBezos" handlename="Jeff Bezos" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/669103856106668033/UF3cgUk4_normal.jpg" favoritecount="1616" retweetcount="481" status="Rooting for team India. Good luck, India! #Chandrayaan2 https://t.co/iWWSqPs4nz" createdat="1567793362000" id="1170036283315388416"></div>



 Chandrayaan 2’s lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Vikram</a>, is scheduled to touch down near the Moon’s Pole between 1:30am and 2:30am tonight. The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">primary objective</a> of India’s second mission to the Moon is to build on Chandrayaan 1’s discovery of water. The three modules of Chandrayaan 2 — the orbiter, the rover called Pragyaan and the lander called Vikram — are going to be looking of icy deposits that may have abundant quantities of water. Why does Bezos care? Blue Origin has ambitious plans for space and more. It plans plans to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/elon-musk-and-jeff-bezos-have-profound-visions-for-humanitys-future-in-space-heres-how-the-billionaires-goals-compare-/articleshow/69712110.cms">build habitats for humans </a>in space, which starts with building an outpost on the Moon. Bezos’ plan includes <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/watch-jeff-bezos-reveal-blue-origins-detailed-plan-for-colonizing-space/articleshow/69276063.cms">mining the Moon</a> for resources through an outpost, to build <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-elon-musk-space-x-have-more-in-common-than-just-being-bililonaires/articleshow/69278299.cms">large scale habitats</a> around it. It hence comes as no surprise that he is watching what Chandrayaan 2 can do for India and the world. If Chandrayaan 2 is able to find water or the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">abundance of metals</a> under the Moon, it would boost Bezos plans to mine for resources. Bezos also unveiled Blue Origin’s plans to build its own lunar lander — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Jeff-Bezos-has-unveiled-an-enormous-Blue-Moon-lunar-lander-to-ferry-payloads-and-maybe-people-to-the-moons-surface-Heres-what-it-looks-like-and-how-itd-work-/articleshow/69262176.cms">the Blue Moon</a>. The <keyword id="89795" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Blue-moon">Blue Moon</keyword> is designed to be an ordinary lander either. The insect-like module plans to deploy multiple tiny satellites to place them in orbit around the Moon to collect data. Bezos did not disclose when he plans to launch the lander but stated that engine designs would begin this summer. Blue Origin is fairly secretive about what its upto. Bezos funnels nearly $1 billion into the company each year, normally by selling off Amazon stock. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/where-and-how-to-watch-chandrayaan-2s-moon-landing-live-tonight/articleshow/71005746.cms">Where and how to watch Chandrayaan 2’s Moon landing live tonight</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2s-soft-landing-on-the-moon-will-be-the-15-most-terrifying-minutes-for-isro/articleshow/71011152.cms">Here's why Chandrayaan 2's soft landing on the Moon will be the '15 most terrifying minutes' for ISRO</a>

Jeff Bezos is rooting for India's Chandrayaan 2 to reach the Moon safe and sound

<ul><li>India's upcoming mission to Moon, <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>, is the the country's biggest space project yet costing ₹10 billion.</li><li>Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar visit but it still marks a lot of firsts for the country and the global community, like being the first country to make a soft landing on the Moon's South Pole.</li><li>It will also be the first time that a country will be exploring the Moon's potential for water.</li></ul>India's second lunar mission, Chandrayaan 2, set to take off today. It may be India's second trip to the Moon but it will be first time any country in the world will be landing on the Moon's South Pole. This is India's biggest project till date with the cost coming up to ₹10 billion and will mark many ‘firsts’ for the country’s apex space agency. Building on Chandrayaan 1's discovery of water is only one part of the Chandrayaan 2's goal on the moon. Since it will be privy to the Moon's craters in a region that's been frozen for millions of years at temperatures dipping below 270 degrees Celcius, the Indians Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is also hoping to look into other primary elements that may be present on the moon. India’s second lunar mission will be carrying 14 payloads abroad its 3 modules — the orbiter, the lander called Vikram and Pragyan, the rover. Together, the spacecraft will have a mass of 3.8 tonnes. Here are all the reasons why Chandrayaan-2 is a landmark mission for India: 1. Soft landing The last time around, during Chandrayaan-1, ISRO attempted a crash landing on the Moon. But, this time around it is choosing to opt for a soft landing, making it one of the most challenging tasks that ISRO at undertaken till date. 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="Bengaluru: ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2, India&amp;#39;s ..." msid="69843050" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>










 2. Women power The Chandrayaan-2 mission is also the first time that an ISRO mission is being led by two women — the project director, M Vanitha and the mission director, Ritu Karidhal. Vanitha was recommended to the position for her problem solving skills as well as her deft handling of the team. Karidhal, on the other hand, has already proved her competence as a member of India’s Mars mission. After many delays, India’s second lunar mission — Chandrayaan-2 — is set to take off from the Sriharikota launch pad on July 15 at 2:51am. But, just because India’s been to the Moon before doesn’t mean that the new mission isn’t a big deal. 3. Covering the Moon in India’s Asoka Chakra Pragyaan, the rover that will roam the surface of the Moon, is gonna tag the entire Moon with India’s Ashoka Chakra and the ISRO’s logo. As its wheels move across the lunar surface will imprint the move for a total of 500cms — the total distance that the rover can travel during the course of the mission. 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="Bengaluru: ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2, India&amp;#39;s ..." msid="69843107" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>











 4. <keyword id="2179903" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Water-on-the-moon">Water on the Moon</keyword> The Chandrayaan 2 mission is also India’s chance to study water on the Moon, first discovered during the Chandrayaan 1 mission. This will be a first for the for the global scientific community and could provide solutions for sustaining human missions to the Moon like the one NASA has planned for 2024 called Artemis. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">India’s second lunar mission pegged to launch in July</a>

India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records

Mumbai, Dec 26 () Around a third of urban Indians (29 per cent) feel safety for women should be the country's focus in 2020, a survey has revealed.
 Less than half of this number feel the economic condition (12 per cent) and job market (11 per cent) should receive attention in the new year, according to the survey by the UK-headquartered online market research and data analytics firm YouGov.
 Data for this survey was collected online by YouGov Omnibus among around 1,011 respondents in India between December 10-13, 2019 using YouGov's panel of over 8 million people worldwide.
 Not only do people feel women safety needs prominence, close to half of the people (45 per cent) said it did not improve in 2019.
 Although both men and women felt this equally (43 per cent men and 48 per cent women), there was a difference of opinion amongst the age groups, it said.
 A higher number of Gen X (52 per cent) felt that measures for women safety did not show any advancement in 2019 as compared to the millennials (40 per cent), it added.
 Moreover, many felt that economic conditions (39 per cent), political situations (35 per cent) and job scenario in the country (35 per cent) did not see any improvement in 2019.
 However, over a third (35 per cent) said technological developments witnessed a positive shift in the past year.
 Looking back at the past year, YouGov data showed that although happenings from the sports and entertainment world remained in the public eye throughout 2019, politics took precedence over them and the top three highlights of the year belonged to this area.
 When asked what according to them was the most important political event of 2019, the revoking of Article 35A emerged on top (with 28 per cent saying it was the most important event).
 Similarly, for the most important cultural and sports events, 'the Ambani wedding' and 'FRIENDS' 25th Anniversary' and 'India's performance in ICC World Cup 2019' came on top, respectively.
 However, when asked to choose the highlight of 2019 from a combined list of 20 of these political, cultural and sports events, a quarter (24 per cent) chose the revoking of Article 35A as the spotlight event.
 This was followed by the Ayodhya case hearing (18 per cent) and Bharatiya Janata Party's victory in the general elections (17 per cent), it added.
 Looking ahead at 2020, one in five (19 per cent) Indians said the country's space project Chandrayaan 3 will be the biggest event of the new year.
 Another 16 per cent think the T20 World cup will be a highlighting event, with a higher number of male than female respondents (20 per cent vs 11 per cent) saying this.
 Some even thought the slow GDP growth (14 per cent), Nasa's Mars exploration program (12 per cent), India's smart city mission 2.0 (10 per cent) and the Delhi State Elections (9 per cent) will take centre stage in the new year.
 A smaller proportion felt global events such as 2020 Tokyo Olympics (9 per cent) and the US Presidential Elections (8 per cent) will be the defining moments of 2020. SM ABM
ABM

29 pc of Indians feel women's safety should be focus of 2020: Survey

<ul><li>After numerous cancellations India’s second mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan-2, is scheduled for July, this year </li><li>If the satellite is successfully launched as scheduled, Chandrayaan-2 will reach the Moon by September 6. </li><li>The Chandrayaan-2 mission consists of three modules — the Orbiter, the Lander and the Rover. </li></ul>The <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-may-2019/press-release-chandrayaan-2">Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)</a> is pegging the launch of its second lunar mission, Chandrayaan-2, between July 9 and July 19 after having <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indiainsider/chandrayaan-2-delay-in-past-nine-years/slidelist/68737941.cms">cancelled the mission four times</a> in the past. Should the satellite successfully take off within that window, it will land on the Moon around September 6 — roughly two months after its launch from Earth. <div type="ExtQuote" text="After launch into earth bound orbit by GSLV MK-2I, the integrated module will reach the Moon orbit using Orbiter propulsion module." auname="ISRO statement"></div>

 After taking off from Earth, on board the GSLV Mk 2I launcher, a Lander — named Vikram — on board Chandrayaan-2 will make a soft landing on the Moon’s surface. <div type="ExtQuote" text="Subsequently, Lander will separate from the Orbiter and soft land at the predetermined site close to lunar South Pole. Further, the Rover will roll out for carrying out scientific experiments on the lunar surface." auname="ISRO statement"></div>

 Vikram was actually <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/damage-to-moon-lander-delays-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/68714029.cms">one of the reasons</a> behind the latest delay of the India’s second lunar mission. Its legs underwent exertion during a during a ‘Lander Drop Test’ making the team consider strengthening them to compensate for the <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/indias-2nd-lunar-mission-on-january-3-with-lander-rover/articleshow/65376670.cms">addition</a> 600kg put on to stabilize the satellite. When the Chandrayaan-2 was last delayed after it missed the planned January-February window, K. Sivan — <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> Chairman — said that the launch would take place April-end orJune, at the latest. Come May, the latest update is that Chandrayaan-2 will finally take to the Moon in July provided there aren’t anymore ‘technical glitches’ or ‘missed windows’. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-moon-mission-chandrayaan-2-halted-yet-again/articleshow/68737760.cms" style="">India's second mission to the moon has been halted for the sixth time</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-beats-its-own-record-to-build-the-worlds-lightest-satellite-nasa-to-launch-it-soon/articleshow/64797350.cms" style="">India beats its own record to build the world’s lightest satellite, NASA to launch it soon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-is-spending-1-4-billion-on-a-space-trip-and-there-are-bigger-plans-involved/articleshow/65591318.cms" style="">India is spending $1.4 billion on a space trip and there are bigger plans involved</a>

India’s second lunar mission pegged to launch in July

<ul><li>Extensive data has been acquired from Chandrayaan-2 payloads and parameters are being derived for presence of water-ice in the polar regions, X-ray based and infrared spectroscopic mineral information, and mid and high-latitude presence of Argon-40, a condensable gas on the Moon which gets released internally by the radio-active decay, said <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> </li><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) also said Tuesday marked an year of the launch of India's second moon mission by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)-MkIII-M1.</li><li>It was on July 22, 2019, the GSLV rocket, nicknamed 'Bahubali', blasted off from the second launch pad at India's rocket port in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.</li></ul> The Indian space agency on Tuesday said public release of science data from Chandrayaan-2 for global use will begin in October. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="77103682" title="Chandrayaan 2’s data release will include the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon and information from its 8 high tech instruments" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) also said Tuesday marked an year of the launch of India's second moon mission by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)-MkIII-M1. It was on July 22, 2019, the GSLV rocket, nicknamed 'Bahubali', blasted off from the second launch pad at India's rocket port in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Extensive data has been acquired from Chandrayaan-2 payloads and parameters are being derived for presence of water-ice in the polar regions, X-ray based and infrared spectroscopic mineral information, and mid and high-latitude presence of Argon-40, a condensable gas on the Moon which gets released internally by the radio-active decay, said ISRO. The report on the major findings from Chandrayaan-2's science experiments was planned to be released at the Annual Lunar Planetary Science Conference in March. However, it got cancelled due to Covid-19. The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was inserted into lunar orbit on August 20, 2019. All eight payloads on Chandrayaan-2 are performing well. The global mapping of lunar surface and polar coverage are being carried out as per the mission plan, ISRO said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/coovid-vaccine-from-oxford-serum-institute-and-astrazeneca-shows-promising-immune-response/articleshow/77069321.cms">The COVID-19 vaccine from Oxford and Astrazeneca shows 'promising' results in early human trials</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/from-intel-and-wipro-to-tcs-and-google-here-are-the-top-job-openings-in-the-multinational-companies/articleshow/77058769.cms">From Intel and Wipro to TCS and Google— Here are the top job openings in the multinational companies</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/checkout-upcoming-affordable-smartphone-oneplus-nord-launch-price-specifications-features/articleshow/77061620.cms">OnePlus Nord launch price, specs and more – Everything we know about the upcoming affordable OnePlus smartphone</a>

ISRO to release Chandrayaan-2 data globally from October

<ul><li><keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>, India's second <keyword id="7500410" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mission-to-the-moon">mission to the moon</keyword>, has been put on hold due to a 'technical snag' mere minutes from the launch window scheduled at 2:15am on July 15 Indian Standard Time.</li><li>This is the seventh time that <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2 has been delayed since its original launch date back in 2013.</li><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation is yet to explain the 'technical snag' and decide on the next perspective launch windows for India's mission to the Moon's South pole.</li></ul>India’s second mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-2, has been put on hold yet again. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was all set to launch the GSLV MarkIII-M1 at 2:15am today morning but a 'technical snag' kept the rocket from taking off as per schedule. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="2809" retweetcount="1014" status="A technical snag was observed in launch vehicle system at 1 hour before the launch. As a measure of abundant precau… https://t.co/N2YBX8bbPj" createdat="1563140389000" id="1150520298761936896"></div>



 India's apex space agency has not disclosed any details about what the 'technical snag' aboard Chandrayaan 2 actually is but it was spotted after the launch vehicle was fully fueled up and ready to go. The new launch window for Chandrayaan 2 is also yet to be announced but in the past ISRO has reiterated that it plans to launch it's mission to the Moon's South Pole by the end of 2019. This is not the first time that this is mission has been pushed to a later date due to technical issues. In fact, the moon mission was initially supposed to take off in 2013, six years ago. Here are all the times that the mission has been delayed:

India's Chandrayaan 2 halts for the seventh time

New Delhi [India], July 13 (ANI): <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword>, India's third lunar exploration mission, will make India the fourth country to land its spacecraft on the surface of the moon and demonstrate the country's abilities for safe and soft landing on lunar surface. The countdown for the launch of the mission began on Thursday at 14:35:17 IST ahead of take-off on Friday from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The spacecraft will be launched on a GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle. This will be Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) follow-up attempt after the Chandrayaan-2 mission faced challenges during its soft landing in 2019. The 'Launch Rehearsal' simulating the entire launch preparation and process has been concluded by the ISRO. A day ahead of the Chandrayaan-3 mission, a team of ISRO scientists on Thursday visited and offered prayers at Tirupathi Venkatachalapathy Temple in Andhra Pradesh with a miniature model of Chandrayaan-3. If all goes well, Chandrayaan-3 will be the first spacecraft to land on Moon's South Pole, demonstrating India's technical prowess and bold spacefaring ambitions. Chandrayaan-3 mission will demonstrate a safe and soft landing on the lunar surface, rover roving on the moon and conducting in-situ scientific experiments. ISRO invited citizens to witness the launch of the much-awaited Chandrayaan-3 from the viewing gallery at Sriharikota. During the Chandrayaan-2 mission, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was just a notch away from the moon's surface. The journey from Earth to the moon for the to-be-launched spacecraft is estimated to take around a month and the landing is expected on August 23. Upon landing, it will operate for one lunar day, which is approximately 14 Earth days. One day on Moon is equal to 14 days on Earth. K Sivan, former director of ISRO, told that the success of mission Chandrayan-3 will give a morale boost to programs like Gaganyan. "We understood what went wrong with Chandrayan-2 when we could not land on the moon's surface, we recreated the failure modes and we ensured that this time we have success. The challenge is the same as Chandrayan-2, same environment for landing. This time we hope that we have done enough based on the lesson of Chandrayan-2 that gives us more confidence. In space there are always unknown unknowns...hope that all issues are addressed and that we emerge with success," he said. "We are getting tech landing on a celestial body. By landing successfully, we will acquire landing technology and it will be good for future generations. A number of scientific experiments are planned and scientists will have more knowledge of the moon's geology and the earth's origin," he added. Mylswamy Annadurai, Mission Director of Chandrayaan-1, said Chandrayaan-3 is a very important mission. "We have shown that we can orbit, but we could not do a soft landing, By doing so this time we can show that Chandrayan-1 was not an isolated success. Internationally, the world is looking back to the moon, the real seeding for that came from Chandrayaan-1. So we need to make this mission successful," he told ANI. "Hard lessons were learnt from Chandrayaan 1 and 2. At every step, we are supposed to have a plan B. There were some setbacks in Chandrayaan- 2. This time we are back on track. We are clear on what we want to do and it will ensure we can softly land on the surface of the moon. The target of landing is also larger, all elements have been tested multiple times, we hope this is a success...," he added. Chandrayaan-3's development phase commenced in January 2020 with plans to launch it somewhere in 2021, but the COVID-19 pandemic caused delays in the development process. The major discovery of the Chandrayaan-1 mission, launched in 2008, is the detection of water (H2O) and hydroxyl (OH) on the lunar surface. Data also revealed their enhanced abundance towards the polar region. The primary science objective of the mission was to prepare a three-dimensional atlas of both the near and far sides of the Moon and to conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface with high spatial resolution, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre under ISRO had said. Moon serves as a repository of earth's past and a successful lunar mission by India will help in enhancing life on Earth and prepare to explore the rest of the solar system - and beyond. Director of Indian Space and Research Organisation (ISRO), S Somanath, had said that if everything goes well, the spacecraft will land on the moon on August 23. The date has been decided based on sunrise on the moon but if it gets delayed, then landing may take place next month, he said. (ANI)

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