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Hepatologist <keyword id="20175163" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Cyriac-Abby-Philips" source="keywords">Cyriac Abby Philips</keyword>, better know by his social media handle The <keyword id="22296957" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="liver-doc" source="keywords">Liver Doc</keyword>, recently took to X (formerly Twitter) to share the story of one of his patients. The 40-year-old had purportedly attended a party over the weekend and suffered bleeding in his brain, landing him in the ICU on life support. While his life hangs in the balance, the doctor used this case as an example to show what alcohol can do to an individual.<br /><br />The Liver Doc shared two <keyword id="22579105" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="brain-scan" source="keywords">brain scan</keyword>s: one of a 68-year-old who did not consume alcohol and the 40-year-old patient who had consumed alcohol. And the difference was stark. While the brain scan of first person seems healthy, the other patient’s brain had big white splothces. The doctor explained that these patches were actually blood and that the bleeding inside the brain had increased the pressure within his skull, crushing his brain tissue.<br /><div type="twitter" handle="theliverdr" handlename="theliverdr" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1848328167637033401"></div>Dr Philips further said that the patient won’t make it.<br /><br />This is not the first time The Liver Doc has spoken about the risks of alcohol consumption and advocated for people to party without the beverage, but this post has garnered significant attention from fellow X users.<br /><br />One medical professional highlighted that stroke after alcohol consumption is on the rise, particularly in young people. The MD in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation said that he had first-hand experience with patients coming in for Neuro-Rehabilitation after waking up to a stroke from partying and having a few drinks.<br /><br />He also suggested that, contrary to the popular belief that only binge drinking is harmful, “even a single glass of beer can trigger a stroke”.<br /><br />Another user shared that an acquaintance had a lot to drink and passed away due to brain haemorrhage the same night. The Liver Doc commented under this, saying that strokes can occur even without binge drinking and the absence of underlying liver disease.<br /><h2>Supporting studies</h2>There is also plenty of scientific evidence to support how more and more younger people are falling prey to storkes. A study published in <em>Neurology </em>said that people in their 20s and 30s who drink moderate to heavy quantities of alcohol face higher risks of stroke as young adults.<br /><br />The study, led by Eue-Keun Choi of Seoul National University, examined over 1.5 million participants, with 3,153 experiencing a stroke during the study period. Those who drank 105 grams or more of alcohol per week (about one drink per day) were classified as moderate to heavy drinkers.<br /><br />The findings showed that individuals with two or more years of moderate to heavy drinking were 20% more likely to have a stroke than those who drank lightly or not at all. The risk increased as the duration of drinking rose: two years of <keyword id="22540860" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="moderate-drinking" source="keywords">moderate drinking</keyword> increased <keyword id="22427757" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stroke-risk" source="keywords">stroke risk</keyword> by 19%, three years by 22%, and four years by 23%.<br /><br />The increased risk was particularly tied to hemorrhagic stroke, caused by bleeding in the brain. Choi emphasised the importance of reducing alcohol consumption in young adults as part of strategies to prevent strokes and reduce their long-term impact on health.<br />    <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="114327102" title="At 95, I&amp;#39;m a gym rat. I stopped drinking wine a decade ago and eat homegrown food." mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><br />

The Liver Doc shares brain scan of 40-year-old on alcohol; highlights link between brain strokes and drinking

<keyword id="219575" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="wagh-bakri" source="Orion">Wagh Bakri</keyword> Tea Group executive director <keyword id="110135" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="parag-desai" source="Orion">Parag Desai</keyword> died at a hospital here in Gujarat of severe brain injuries which he suffered after a fall while trying to escape from <keyword id="6361702" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stray-dogs" source="Orion">stray dogs</keyword> during an evening walk, a company official said on Monday. Desai, 50, suffered severe <keyword id="141908" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="brain-haemorrhage" source="Orion">brain haemorrhage</keyword> after falling on a hard surface while going for a walk outside his residence on the evening of October 15, the official said. <br /><br />"Desai fell and suffered a brain haemorrhage, and fainted. He was immediately shifted to a private hospital, and from there to another hospital where he underwent brain surgery. He was kept under observation, and breathed his last at around 7 pm on Sunday," said the company official who is close to the Desai family. <br /><br />Another official said Desai fell while trying to escape from stray dogs when out on an evening walk. <br /><br />Desai was one of the two executive directors on the board of the Ahmedabad-based tea group, the other being <keyword id="1904588" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="paras-desai" source="Orion">Paras Desai</keyword>. <br /><br />Parag Desai was the son of Managing Director Rasesh Desai. He had done his MBA from Long Island University in the USA. He spearheaded sales, marketing and export departments for the group and was an expert tea tester and evaluator. <br /><br />Wagh Bakri Tea Group is one of the country's leading packaged tea companies with a turnover of over Rs 2,000 crore and more than 50 million kgs of distribution. It is well-known for its premium tea and has been in business since 1892 when it was founded by Narandas Desai. <br /><br />"Very sad news coming in. Parag Desai, Director and owner of Wagh Bakri Tea passed away. He had a brain haemorrhage following a fall. May his soul rest in peace. My condolences to the entire Wagh Bakri family across India," Congress' Rajya Sabha member Shaktisinh Gohil posted on X .

Wagh Bakri Tea Group executive director Parag Desai dies from brain injuries after fall

Covid-19 infections may predispose individuals to developing irreversible neurological conditions, finds a study.<br /><br />The study by <keyword id="3610521" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="houston-methodist" source="Orion">Houston Methodist</keyword> researchers showed that <keyword id="8764262" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="covid" source="Orion">Covid</keyword> infection may increase the likelihood of strokes and may increase the chance of developing persistent brain lesions that can lead to brain bleeding.<br /><br />Covid-19 is known to invade and infect the brain, among other major organs. Several brain imaging studies on Covid victims and survivors have confirmed the formation of microbleed lesions in deeper brain regions related to our cognitive and memory functions.<br /><br />In the review study, published in the journal Ageing Research Reviews, researchers have critically evaluated the possible chronic neuropathological outcomes in ageing and comorbid populations if timely therapeutic intervention is not implemented.<br /><br />Microbleeds are emerging neuropathological signatures frequently identified in people suffering from chronic stress, depressive disorders, diabetes and age-associated comorbidities.<br /><br />Based on their earlier findings, the investigators discuss how Covid-induced micro-haemorrhagic lesions may exacerbate DNA damage in affected brain cells, resulting in neuronal senescence and activation of cell death mechanisms, which ultimately impact brain microstructure-vasculature.<br /><br />These pathological phenomena resemble hallmarks of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and are likely to aggravate advanced-stage dementia, as well as cognitive and motor deficits.<br /><br />Further, the review includes Covida�s predispositions for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and related neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cardiovascular disorders due to internal bleeding and blood clotting-induced lesions in the part of the brain that regulates our respiratory system, following the Covid symptoms.<br /><br />In addition, cellular ageing is thought to be accelerated in Covid patients. A plethora of cellular stresses inhibit the virus-infected cells from undergoing their normal biological functions and let them enter into "hibernation mode" or even die completely.<br /><br />The study also suggests various strategies to improve some of these long-term neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative outcomes, as well as outlines the importance of the therapeutic regimen of the "nanozyme" in combination with various FDA-approved drugs that may prove successful to fight against this catastrophic disease.<br /><br />However, given the ever-evolving nature of this field, associations like the ones described in this review show the fight against Covid is far from over, said the researchers, and reinforce the message that getting vaccinated and maintaining proper hygiene are key in trying to prevent such long-term and detrimental consequences.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO :<br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/personal-finance/news/missed-filing-your-tax-returns-heres-what-you-pay-in-late-fee-penalties/articleshow/93275795.cms">Missed filing your tax returns? Here’s what you pay in late fee &amp; penalties</a><br /><br /></strong><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/casino-organizers-in-hyderabad-grilled-by-ed-over-fema-violations/articleshow/93275739.cms"><strong>Casino organizers in Hyderabad grilled by ED over FEMA violations</strong></a><br />

Covid infection may accelerate brain ageing says new study

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><ul><li><strong>Sir Alex Ferguson had emergency surgery for a brain&#xa0;haemorrhage&#xa0;on Saturday, May 5.</strong></li><li><strong>The legendary former manager of Manchester United remains in intensive care.</strong></li><li><strong style="color: #222222;">David Beckham sent a message of support to Ferguson and his family.</strong></li></ul><p><br>David Beckham sent a message to his former Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson, who had emergency surgery on Saturday&#xa0;<span style="color: #222222;">for a brain haemorrhage.</span></br></p><p><span>"Keep fighting Boss..." Beckham posted to his Instagram account, along with a picture of himself as a young player.</span></p><p><span>Beckham played for Manchester United from 1992-2003.</span></p><p><a href="https://twitter.com/ManUtd/status/992846759645925376">Manchester United's official Twitter account said that the surgery</a> "had gone very well." However, it added that Ferguson remains in intensive care.</p><p>Ferguson retired as the manager of Manchester United in May 2013, after winning 13 Premier League titles and two Champions League titles.</p><p>The 76-year-old is regarded as Britain's most successful football manager, <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44019175">according to the BBC</a>.</p><div>    </div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/sidekick-tool-machine-professional-athletic-fields-sports-2018-4">This tool creates a perfect athletic field</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div></hr>

David Beckham posted a heartfelt message to his old Manchester United boss who's in intensive care after a brain haemorrhage

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="1602027" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Emilia-Clarke">Emilia Clarke</keyword> has thanked all the <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> workers who looked after her after she suffered her first brain aneurysm in 2011.</li><li>A letter from Clarke <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/past-six-days/2020-07-05/the-sunday-times-magazine/the-surgeons-quick-thinking-saved-my-life-emilia-clarke-paul-mccartney-and-others-on-their-hospital-dramas-d3st7g2lj">published in The Sunday Times</a> was one of 100 stories from celebrities thanking Britain's National Health Service in "Dear <keyword id="135579" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="NHS">NHS</keyword>: 100 Stories to Say Thank You," a collection of essays compiled and edited by Adam Kay, the best-selling "This Is Going To Hurt" author.</li><li>Clarke thanked the nurses who washed her, a surgeon who she said saved her life, and the cooks who made her a children's meal that she could stomach, among others.</li><li>Clarke suffered separate <keyword id="7653050" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="brain-aneurysms">brain aneurysms</keyword> in 2011 and 2013 between filming seasons of "<keyword id="6433339" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Game-of-Thrones">Game of Thrones</keyword>."</li></ul><p>Emilia Clarke has written a heartfelt letter, <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/past-six-days/2020-07-05/the-sunday-times-magazine/the-surgeons-quick-thinking-saved-my-life-emilia-clarke-paul-mccartney-and-others-on-their-hospital-dramas-d3st7g2lj">published in The Sunday Times</a>, to care workers who looked after her while she was undergoing treatment for a brain hemorrhage.</p><p>The "Game of Thrones" star was one of 100 celebrities expressing their gratitude for Britain's National Health Service in "<a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dear-NHS-Stories-Thank-Edited/dp/1398701181">Dear NHS: 100 Stories to Say Thank You</a>," a collection of essays compiled and edited by Adam Kay, the best-selling "This Is Going To Hurt" author.</p><p>"The memories I will hold dearest, though, are ones that fill me with awe: of the nurses and doctors I knew by name when, in the weeks after my first brain haemorrhage, we watched the passing of time and the passing of patients in the Victor Horsley Ward at the National <keyword id="6358650" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="hospital">Hospital</keyword> for Neurology and Neurosurgery in Queen Square, London," Clarke wrote.</p><p>"The nurse who suggested — after everyone else in A&amp;E struggled to find an answer when I was first admitted — that maybe, just maybe I should have a brain scan. She saved my life."</p><p><div type="image" title="Daenerys Targaryen Game of Thrones season one Emilia Clarke HBO" height="1125" width="1500" msid="76813415" hostid="261"></div></p><p>In March 2019, <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/emilia-clarke-a-battle-for-my-life" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clarke wrote a personal essay in The New Yorker</a> revealing her experience with two brain aneurysms.</p><p>Clarke wrote that in 2011 and again in 2013, between filming seasons of "Game of Thrones," she underwent <keyword id="97552" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Brain-surgery">brain surgery</keyword> and intense recoveries in hospital intensive-care units.</p><p>In tandem with <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/emilia-clarke-a-battle-for-my-life" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the publication of her New Yorker essay</a>, Clarke announced <a href="https://www.sameyou.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a new charity she'd founded called Same You</a>, which aims to boost "primary research with the Stroke Association UK to understand the recovery needs" of people who experience brain injuries and strokes, particularly young people.</p><p>In her new letter to the NHS, Clarke thanked an anesthetist who she said "miraculously kept me giggling along with my entire family as he talked me through the process of what was about to happen to my brain and then counted me down from 10."</p><p>She also thanked:</p><p>A surgeon: "whose skill, quick thinking and sheer determination saved my life, while never letting on how close to death I had been."</p><p>The nurses: "who washed my body with care and love when I couldn't walk or sit."</p><p>The cleaners: "who mopped the floor when my bedpan fell to the ground, shame and embarrassment filling the room along with disinfectant, and then a reassuring smile and a knowledge that they'd seen worse."</p><p>And the cooks: "who made my fish in white sauce with peas every day, despite it being a child's meal."</p><p>Clarke ended her letter by saying that while recovering from a severe bout of dehydration-led aphasia, during which she was not able to speak, she heard a patient next to her in the final moments of their life.</p><p>Clarke said that while other patients' families were asked to leave, her nurse allowed her mother to stay and hold her hand.</p><p>"She saw that, in this moment, she held my fragile mind, and its capacity to pray that I wouldn't be next, in her hands," Clarke wrote.</p><p>"In all those moments, over those three weeks, I was not, not ever, truly alone."</p><p><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dear-NHS-Stories-Thank-Edited/dp/1398701181">"Dear NHS: 100 Stories to Say Thank You"</a> is out Thursday in hardback, e-book, and audiobook. All author and publisher profits from the book are going to NHS Charities Together and the Lullaby Trust, which supports parents of babies and young children who have died.</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/iain-glen-wife-had-brain-hemorrhage-before-he-filmed-final-game-of-thrones-scene-2019-5">Emilia Clarke told her 'Game of Thrones' costar Iain Glen to get on a flight when his wife had a brain hemorrhage while they were shooting the Battle for Winterfell</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/emilia-clarke-worried-about-acting-after-surgery-brain-aneurysms-2019-4">Emilia Clarke worried that she would lose her ability to act after 2 life-threatening brain aneurysms, but said filming 'Game of Thrones' helped her cope</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/jason-momoa-emilia-clarke-game-of-thrones-life-threatening-brain-aneurysms-scares-2019-4">Jason Momoa speaks out about Emilia Clarke's life-threatening brain aneurysms: 'We've had so many scares'</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/emilia-clarke-brain-aneurysms-what-you-need-to-know-2019-3">Emilia Clarke survived 2 brain aneurysms. Here's what you need to know about the life-threatening condition.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/emilia-clarke-recalled-dothraki-lines-game-of-thrones-while-having-brain-hemorrhage-2019-4">Emilia Clarke tried to remember her Dothraki lines from 'Game of Thrones' while she was having a brain hemorrhage</a></li></ul>

Emilia Clarke thanked the health workers who 'washed my body,' 'cleaned up my vomit,' and 'saved my life' in a heartfelt letter

Researchers have found that some hospitalised <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid-19">Covid-19</keyword> patients show signs of confusion, changes in behaviour and other brain complications, including stroke, psychosis and dementia-like syndrome.<br /><br />The research, based on a study of 153 patients treated in the UK hospitals during the acute phase of the Covid-19, describes a range of neurological and psychiatric complications that may be linked to the disease.<br /><br />Out of the 153 patients, full clinical details were available for 125 patients, said the study published in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry.<br /><br />The most common brain complication observed was stroke, which was reported in 77 of 125 patients.<br /><br />Of these, 57 patients had a stroke caused by a blood clot in the brain, known as an ischaemic stroke, nine patients had a stroke caused by a brain haemorrhage, and one patient had a stroke caused by inflammation in the blood vessels of the brain.<br /><br />Age data was available for 74 of the patients who experienced a stroke and the majority were over 60 years of age.<br /><br />"This data represents an important snapshot of the brain-related complications of Covid-19 in hospitalised patients. It is critically important that we continue to collect this information to really understand this virus fully," said co-author of the study, Professor Sarah Pett, from University College London.<br /><br />"We also need to understand brain-complications in people in the community who have COVID-19 but were not sick enough to be hospitalised. Our study provides the foundations for larger, hospital and community-based studies."<br /><br />A total of 39 patients showed signs of confusion or changes in behaviour reflecting an altered mental state, said the study.<br /><br />Of these, nine patients had unspecified brain dysfunction, known as encephalopathy, and seven patients had inflammation of the brain, medically termed encephalitis.<br /><br />About 23 patients with an altered mental state were diagnosed with psychiatric conditions, of which the vast majority were determined as new diagnoses by the notifying psychiatrist.<br /><br />Although most psychiatric diagnoses were determined as new by the notifying psychiatrist or neuropsychiatrist, the researchers said they cannot exclude the possibility that these were undiagnosed before the patient developed Covid-19.<br /><br />The 23 patients with psychiatric diagnoses included 10 patients with a new-onset psychosis and six patients with a dementia-like syndrome.<br /><br />Seven patients had signs of a mood disorder, including depression and anxiety.<br /><br />Age information was available for 37 of the 39 patients with an altered mental state and of those, around half were aged under 60 years of age.<br /><br />Detailed long-term studies are needed in order to confirm if there is any link between Covid-19 infection and the onset of psychiatric or neuropsychiatric complications in younger patients, said the researchers.

Covid-19 patients are showing signs of brain issues, dementia-like syndrome

<ul class="summary-list"><li>During her recovery after seven-hour brain surgery, Stone was asked to present at the <keyword id="6376611" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="oscars">Oscars</keyword>.</li><li>She was to present alongside <keyword id="38952" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="John-Travolta">John Travolta</keyword>.</li><li>Stone writes that she decided to set herself a challenge and asked Travolta to dance on-stage.</li></ul><p>In her newly published memoir, "The Beauty of Living Twice," <keyword id="26628" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Sharon-Stone">Sharon Stone</keyword> writes that two weeks before her famous on-stage dance with John Travolta at the Oscars, she had been struggling to walk due to the effects of seven-hour brain surgery.</p><p>One year prior to the ceremony, Stone had suffered a brain haemorrhage that lasted nine days. Doctors thought she might not live. During the recovery process, which Stone writes lasted for many years, she was asked to present at the Academy Awards alongside John Travolta. By that time many of her symptoms, which she says included hearing loss, frequent stuttering, and loss of both short and long-term memory had cleared, so she accepted. </p><p>Stone writes that she decided to set herself a recovery goal and suggested to Travolta, who she says "has a remarkable gift of dance," that the pair dance on stage during the ceremony. </p><p>She said: "Of course, I didn't know if I was really able to dance, but I wanted to push myself toward a bigger goal; after all, I was walking now. He didn't respond at first. I let it go. The next night, when we arrived for the actual Oscars, I was sitting in the hallway on a steamer trunk as he walked by. He asked to see my dress. I shyly stood up as he twirled me around. 'Good dancing dress,' he said in his famously charming way. 'Let's do it. Let's come out from opposite sides and dance down the stage.'"</p><div type="image" title="John Travolta (L) and Sharon Stone dance together during the 74th annual Academy Awards in Hollywood March 24, 2002. The two actors presented the Oscar for Best Foreign Film, which went to the film &quot;No Man's Land&quot;. REUTERS/Gary Hershorn" height="1244" width="1659" msid="81784130" hostid="261"></div><p>Stone continued: "My heart was racing. Just two weeks before, I had struggled with walking. Now I would be dancing. I could do this. I could dance. I looked into his eyes. I said yes. He walked away. I said a prayer to the universe: 'Let me do it for me. Let me do it for everyone who needs to know they can.'"</p><p>Later, Stone writes that the dance turned out to be a turning point in her recovery process.  </p><p>"I stepped into my joy, my gratitude; I had made it this far. Faith is the question. Faith is the answer. Believe. This had become my mantra. I floated down that stage and looked into the faces of all of my talented, amazing fellow Academy members. They were smiling, laughing, and digging the moment. All of us uplifted. They didn't need to know why."</p><p>"The Beauty of Living Twice" is out now. </p>

Sharon Stone says brain surgery left her struggling to walk 2 weeks before famous Oscars dance with John Travolta

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Charles Kennedy, <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/former-liberal-democrat-party-leader-charles-kennedy-died-at-home-in-scotland-2015-6">the former Liberal Democrat Party leader, died at his home in Scotland on Tuesday</a>, after suffering from a "major haemorrhage" caused by his alcohol addiction.</p><p>He was 55.</p><p>His family confirmed the results of a postmortem in a statement: "We are grateful to the many friends and also medical experts who sought to help down the years, but ultimately this was an illness Charles could not conquer despite all the efforts he and others made.</p><p>"We can now proceed to make arrangements for his funeral, and we will make an announcement on the details in due course."</p><p>Kennedy first became an MP in 1983. He took over from Paddy Ashdown to lead the Lib Dems from 1999 to 2006. In January 2006, however, he publicly revealed that he was receiving treatment for an alcohol problem and resigned as leader.</p><p>In 2006, <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4582930.stm">he said in a statement</a>:</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">I chose not to acknowledge it publicly before in this way because, if at all possible, I wanted to overcome it privately.</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">I learned the hard way of the need to face up to this medical problem, one that is dealt with successfully by many others on a daily basis.</p><p>In 2010 he was reelected to parliament. He was active in this year's General Election but lost his seat in the Ross, Skye, and Lochaber constituency in May.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/alcohol-effects-brain-body-2014-5">Here's What Alcohol Does To Your Brain And Body</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Nka3Aybjq7zfi27260zM3XEauCNVx4x1" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Charles Kennedy died of a 'major haemorrhage' caused by his alcohol addiction

Mumbai, Feb 23 (PTI) Former <keyword id="19895394" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="lok-sabha" source="keywords">Lok Sabha</keyword> Speaker Manohar <keyword id="19952829" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="joshi" source="keywords">Joshi</keyword> passed away at a Mumbai hospital on Friday, where he was admitted after suffering a cardiac arrest. Joshi (86) was admitted to <keyword id="20694838" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="hinduja-hospital" source="keywords">Hinduja Hospital</keyword> in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) on February 21 and passed away early Friday, the private medical facility said.<br /><br />Joshi Sir, as he was popularly known, was the first chief minister of the undivided Shiv Sena and held the post during 1995-1999.<br /><br />He was admitted to the hospital in May last year after suffering a brain haemorrhage.<br /><br />He was also elected as a member of Parliament and was the Lok Sabha Speaker from 2002 to 2004 when the Vajpayee government was in power.<br /><br />Born on December 2, 1937 in coastal Konkan region of Maharashtra, Joshi obtained his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from the prestigious Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) in Mumbai.<br /><br />His political career began with his involvement in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and he later became a member of the Shiv Sena. In the 1980s, Joshi emerged as a key leader within the Shiv Sena, and was known for his organisational skills.<br /><br />He was the Lok Sabha Speaker from 2002 to 2004 when the Vajpayee government was in power.<br /><br />The former Union minister was married to Anagha Joshi, who died in 2020 at the age of 75. He is survived by a son and two daughters.<br /><br />Joshi began his career as a teacher and entered politics in 1967. He was associated with the Shiv Sena for more than four decades.<br /><br />He was a municipal councilor in Mumbai during 1968-70 and Chairman, Standing Committee of the Mumbai municipal corporation in 1970. He was the Mayor of Mumbai during 1976-1977.<br /><br />He was then elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Council in 1972. After serving three terms in the Legislative Council, Joshi was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in 1990 and was the Leader of the Opposition in the assembly during 1990-91.<br /><br />In the 1999 general elections, Joshi won from the Mumbai North-Central Lok Sabha Constituency as a Shiv Sena candidate, and was later Union minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.<br /><br />Condoling Joshi's demise, Union minister Nitin Gadkari, who was a member of the Maharashtra ministry when the former was the CM, said the state had lost a "cultured face" of politics.<br /><br />Joshi's family said his last rites will be performed at Shivaji Park crematorium in Dadar area.<br /><br /><br />

Former Lok Sabha speaker Manohar Joshi passes away at 86

A team of researchers has found a sharp increase in the incidence of stroke in young adults, especially among the <keyword id="22927" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="working-professionals" source="Orion">working professionals</keyword>.<br /><br />Among young people who had a stroke, there was a significant increase in the proportion who were in more skilled occupations, particularly for professional or managerial jobs.<br /><br />This could suggest a role for work-related stress, low physical activity, and long working hours, each of which were more strongly associated with risk of stroke than heart attack.<br /><br />The findings from the study published in the journal JAMA on the 'World Stroke Day 2022', which analysed the rate of new stroke cases in Oxfordshire in the UK over the last 20 years, reflect emerging evidence that young stroke is a growing problem in high-income countries.<br /><br />"Establishing the importance of known risk factors in young stroke will help to raise general awareness of the need for better control. We also need better ways of identifying young people at high risk of stroke, as current risk models are based on predictors of stroke in older people," said Medical Research Foundation Fellow, Dr Linxin Li, from the University of Oxford.<br /><br />Stroke is a major health problem that can have devastating consequences. It happens when the blood supply to the brain is cut off, causing the death of brain cells and dysfunction in one or more parts of the brain.<br /><br />The restricted blood supply can be the result of an artery supplying blood to brain becoming blocked, a blood vessel rupturing causing a bleed inside the brain, or a brief reduction in the blood supply to the brain.<br /><br />The traditional view is that vascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity, play a minor role in young stroke, but recent studies have begun to contradict this view.<br /><br />Dr Li's research focuses on multiple types of stroke, such as ischaemic strokes, caused by a blockage of arteries, 'mini-strokes' (transient ischaemic attacks) and bleeding in the brain (intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage).<br /><br />The researchers found that between 2002-2010 and 2010-2018, there was a 67 per cent increase in stroke incidence among younger adults (under 55 years), and a 15 per cent decrease among older adults (55 years or older).<br /><br />A similar divergence in incidence was not found for other vascular events, such as heart attacks.<br /><br />"Historically, we've thought of stroke as only affecting older adults, but studies like this suggest a growing problem in young adults," said Dr Angela Hind, Chief Executive of the Medical Research Foundation.<br /><br />"Stroke in young adults can have a huge impact, often occurring when they are starting a family or already have young children to look after, and have yet to reach the peak of their careers. The economic, social and personal consequences can be devastating," Hind added.<br /><strong>SEE ALSO:</strong><br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/african-countries-have-reported-6883-monkeypox-cases-173-deaths-in-2022/articleshow/95135227.cms" style="">African countries have reported 6,883 Monkeypox cases, 173 deaths in 2022</a><br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/over-150-million-kids-in-africa-in-the-grip-of-poverty-climate-disaster-report/articleshow/95135176.cms" style="">Over 150 million kids in Africa in the grip of poverty, climate disaster: Report</a><br />

Young working professionals now at high stroke risk: Study

London, Jun 26 () Scientists have developed a detailed snapshot of the neurological complications in COVID-19 patients, an advance that may help establish the mechanisms of these symptoms, and lead to the development of potential treatments for the deadly disease. <p> The researchers, including those from The University of Liverpool in the UK, assessed 153 patients hospitalised during the acute phase of the pandemic, and found that the most common brain complication observed was stroke. </p><p> They described the range of neurological and psychiatric complications that may be linked to the disease in the study published in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry. </p><p> "There have been growing reports of an association between COVID-19 infection and possible neurological or psychiatric complications, but until now these have typically been limited to studies of ten patients or fewer," said Benedict Michael, lead-author of the study from The University of Liverpool. </p><p> In the study, the scientists set up a secure, UK-wide digital network for specialist doctors to report details of specific cases. </p><p> They said these portals were hosted by professional bodies representing specialists in neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. </p><p>"This data represents an important snapshot of the brain-related complications of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients. It is critically important that we continue to collect this information to really understand this virus fully," said Sarah Pett, co-author of the study from the University College London in the UK. </p><p> According to Pett, similar studies conducted on a larger scale can help understand the "frequency of these brain complications, who's most at risk of getting them, and ultimately how best to treat." </p><p> The scientists said the most common brain complication observed was stroke, which was reported in 77 of 125 patients. </p><p> Of these, they said 57 patients had a stroke caused by a blood clot in the brain, known as an ischaemic stroke, nine patients had a stroke caused by a brain haemorrhage, and one patient had a stroke caused by inflammation in the blood vessels of the brain. </p><p> The researchers said age data was available for 74 of the patients who experienced a stroke, and the majority were over 60 years of age. </p><p> According to the study, 39 patients showed signs of confusion or changes in behaviour reflecting an altered mental state. </p><p> Of these, it noted that nine patients had unspecified brain dysfunction, known as encephalopathy, and seven people had inflammation of the brain, medically termed encephalitis. </p><p> The remaining 23 patients with an altered mental state were diagnosed with psychiatric conditions, of which the vast majority (92 per cent) were determined as new diagnoses by the notifying psychiatrist. </p><p> These patients with psychiatric diagnoses included ten patients with a new-onset psychosis, and six patients with a dementia-like syndrome, the study noted. </p><p> According to the researchers, seven patients had signs of a mood disorder, including depression and anxiety. </p><p> While most of the psychiatric diagnoses were determined as new by the notifying psychiatrist, they said there is also a possibility that these were undiagnosed before the patient developed COVID-19. </p><p> The researchers speculated that the high proportion of younger patients diagnosed with psychiatric conditions could be because these patients may be more likely to be referred to a psychiatrist or other specialist doctors. </p><p> Confusion or behaviour changes in older patients may be more likely to be attributed to delirium and not investigated further, they explained. </p><p> According to the scientists, it is not possible to draw conclusions based on the study about the total proportion of COVID-19 patients likely to be affected by neurological and psychiatric complications. </p> They said detailed long-term studies are needed in order to confirm if there is any link between COVID-19 infection and the onset of psychiatric or neurological complications in younger patients. VIS VIS

'Neurological, psychiatric complications in COVID-19 patients identified'

<p><em><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Hodor hodor hodor. Hodor hodor? Hodor. Hodor-hodor. Hodor!</em></p><p>Oh, um, excuse me. Did you catch what I said? Fans of the hit <a href="http://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones#" target="_blank">HBO show "Game of Thrones</a>," the fifth season of which premieres this Sunday, know what I'm referencing, anyway. Hodor is the brawny, simple-minded stableboy of the Stark family in Winterfell. His defining characteristic, of course, is that he only speaks a single word: "Hodor."</p><p>But those who read the "A Song of Ice and Fire" book series by George R R Martin may know something that the TV fans don't: his name isn't actually Hodor. According to his great-grandmother Old Nan, his real name is Walder. "No one knew where 'Hodor' had come from," she says, "but when he started saying it, they started calling him by it. It was the only word he had."</p><p>Whether he intended it or not, Martin created a character who is a textbook example of someone with a neurological condition called expressive aphasia.</p><h2>Losing speech ability</h2><p><em><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"></div><p></p></div></div></em>In 1861, French physician Paul Broca was introduced to a man named Louis-Victor Leborgne. While his comprehension and mental functioning remained relatively normal, Leborgne progressively lost the ability to produce meaningful speech over a period of 20 years. Like Hodor, the man was nicknamed Tan because he only spoke a single word: "Tan."</p><p>Just a few days after meeting Broca, Leborgne passed away. Broca's autopsy <a href="http://psychclassics.asu.edu/Broca/aphemie-e.htm" target="_blank">determined tissue damage</a>, or a "lesion", in the frontal lobe of Leborgne's left brain hemisphere, just next to a brain fold called the lateral sulcus. Over the next two years, Broca acquired brains from 12 more patients with Leborgne's symptoms -- all of the autopsy evidence was strikingly consistent.</p><p>Neuroscientists are still examining this small region of the brain, now often referred to as "Broca's area" to parse out its many functions. While most research has focused on a patient's inability to form syntactically complex sentences when this area is damaged, more recent work using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has also reported that Broca's area is active during <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15635062" target="_blank">language comprehension tasks</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633777" target="_blank">interpretation of movement</a>, and <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16839281" target="_blank">comprehending various gestures</a> also associated with speech, such as waving goodbye.</p><h2>Telegraphic speech and brain damage</h2><p><em><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div></em>In collaboration with French scientists in 2007, a group at the University of California <a href="http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/130/5/1432" target="_blank">revisited the brains</a> of Leborgne and <a href="https://bgoodscience.wordpress.com/2011/02/03/neuroscience-cases-leborgne-and-lelong" target="_blank">Lelong</a> (another of Broca's patients who could only speak five words) using magnetic resonance imaging. One of their most interesting findings was that their lesions extended much deeper than Broca had reported, suggesting that multiple brain regions were probably contributing to their speech deficits.</p><p>This evidence of widespread damage is unsurprising. Leborgne, Lelong -- and even Hodor -- are actually more extreme examples of individuals with expressive aphasia. More commonly, a person with the disorder will express themselves in "telegraphic speech", which usually comprises three or so words, including a noun and a verb. For example, someone may say, "Anne, dog, walk" to mean "I walked the dog with Anne today."</p><p>The most common cause of expressive aphasia is stroke, which occurs when a blood clot blocks a vessel in the brain, resulting in tissue damage due to lack of oxygen. It's estimated that expressive aphasia occurs in <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14530636" target="_blank">12% of stroke patients</a>, while <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17981853" target="_blank">roughly 35% of stroke patients</a> suffer from a language aphasia of some form.</p><p>Expressive aphasia can also be caused by a tumour, haemorrhage, a haematoma in the membrane covering of the brain, or trauma to the head. It has been reported that Leborgne suffered from epileptic seizures as a child -- some have speculated that he may have experienced head trauma during one such episode.</p><p>So what's Hodor's story? Did he sustain a blow to the head, suffer a stroke, or was he simply a giant baby dropped by his mother?</p><p>He may only speak one word, but like the other characters in the show, Hodor too may have a quite an interesting backstory.</p><div><div></div></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/man-without-beating-heart-pulse-surgery-innovation-2015-2">The remarkable story behind the first man without a beating heart</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="tkaTQwczolfmYjA8xxH14BZVvzvMtpH0" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

This is the actual condition that makes 'Game of Thrones's' Hodor 'hodor' 

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aedes_Albopictus.jpg">Wikimedia/CDC</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p><a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111008/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2014.1_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">Half of the world population</a> is considered at-risk for diseases transmitted by blood-sucking bugs like ticks, sandflies, and mosquitoes. For <a href="http://www.who.int/campaigns/world-health-day/2014/en/" target="_blank">World Health Day today</a>, the World Health Organization wanted to highlight that very real risk with a snappy slogan: "small bite, big threat."</p>
<p><span>That's right: The most dangerous animals on the planet can be killed with a single swat - but if they've had time to bite, they may have already transmitted a fatal disease.</span></p>
<p>Many Americans consider bug bites a nuisance more than anything else. But illnesses transmitted by mosquitoes and their ilk <strong>kill more than a million people each year and infect more than a billion</strong>, causing debilitating pain, brain damage, blindness, and other serious effects.</p>
<p>Globally, the deadliest of the creatures that carry and cause these diseases is the mosquito. Here are 11 scientific reasons why they are the worst.</p>
<h3>1. Mosquitoes put 40% of the world at risk for dengue, which causes "the feeling of broken bones."</h3>
<p>Dengue fever hurts so much that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/diseases-you-can-get-from-mosquitoes-2013-8">it's commonly referred to as</a> break bone fever.</p>
<p>It's the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne disease in the world, with 40% of the world currently at risk. Between 50 and 100 million people get dengue every year year, and even though it's not usually fatal, <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/">it still is a leading cause of death</a> for children in certain Latin American and Asian countries.</p>
<p>The disease can also develop into severe dengue, a hemorrhagic condition that is much more dangerous, causing bleeding, organ impairment, and persistent vomiting.</p>
<p>There's no medicine or vaccine for dengue. Treatment generally involves just trying to keep patients hydrated.</p>
<h3>2. Mosquitoes spread yellow fever, which the WHO calls "the original viral haemorrhagic fever."</h3>
<p>Yellow fever <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111008/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2014.1_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">infects around 200,000 people a year</a> - and kills 30,000. It's a viral hemorrhagic fever that has no treatment. After a period of severe illness, most patients recover, but about 15% enter a toxic phase, when they start to bleed internally and organs begin to fail. About half of patients who enter the toxic phase die.</p>
<p>Cases of yellow fever have been increasing since the 1980s due to declining human immunity, deforestation, climate change, increased air travel, and higher infection rates in cities due to a particular breed of mosquito called the Aedes aegypti.</p>
<p>However, there is an effective vaccine for for the fever - one dose provides life-long immunity, and many countries won't permit travelers to enter without proof of vaccination.</p>
<h3><strong><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/theactionitems/4425892550/in/photolist-7K6REf-7JYYux-7JZ2oa-7K7YZC-7JXzDF-7KjLUb-7K3vVA-7JXCXk-7K34Dw-7K7Bfh-7K3zMN-7K5S6b-7KcLC9-7KjQSE-7K8GVZ-7KcDXw-7KcDeY-7K42ks-7KcEuw-7K3mBn-7K1uUe-7K7PGL-7JY5Rg-7K5HT7-7K3Ndm-7K2MgX-7K2K8B-7K9hD6-7K3Efr-7K7MqG-7K2dyY-7K71Vu-7K47zP-7KcVG7-7K2Xpx-7K42Eh-7K97mc-7K4eLg-7JXmdg-7K3gxb-7K45DQ-7JYeqZ-7JYxa2-7JYqG8-7KcFrb-7K1oTn-7K2ZqV-7K4bTL-7K2V1A-7Kf6Kn">Marc AuMarc / flickr</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></strong>3. Mosquitoes are behind the recent outbreaks of chikungunya, which can sometimes lead to agonizing pain.</h3>
<p>The painful and potentially debilitating virus chikungunya has been around for centuries, but just appeared in the Americas for the first time at the end of 2013.</p>
<p>The disease's name <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/chikungunya-virus-arrives-in-americas-2014-1">comes from a word in a Tanzanian language</a> that means "to become contorted," referring to the severe joint pain that it causes, which lasts for weeks, and in some rare cases, even months and years.</p>
<p>"I've been in Africa and seen and heard children just screaming for days on end because of the pain,"  <span>American Mosquito Control Association technical advisor Joe Conlon </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/diseases-you-can-get-from-mosquitoes-2013-8">told Business Insider</a><span> last summer.</span></p>
<p>The first cases were reported on the island of Saint Martin, but since then cases have occurred in Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Barthelemy, the British Virgin Islands, and the Dominican Republic.</p>
<p>Humans have very little natural immunity to chikungunya, which has allowed mosquitoes to spread the virus quickly throughout populations. In 2005, an outbreak sped through the island of La Reunión, sickening 200,000 of 750,000 residents, despite the fact that the only mosquitoes there, the Asian Tiger Mosquitoes, should not have been able to transmit the virus. Experts realized <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/body/chikungunya-outbreak/">that it had mutated</a>, allowing Asian Tiger mosquitoes to spread the disease.</p>
<h3>4. Mosquitoes scoff at national borders, turning isolated cases into outbreaks.</h3>
<p>Any person infected with a mosquito-borne disease can carry it to a different country, where it can spread if they are bitten by a local mosquito upon arrival - which happens frequently.</p>
<p>In 2007, an older <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/body/chikungunya-outbreak/">Italian man returned home from a trip to India</a>, unknowingly having been bitten by a mosquito carrying chikungunya. Upon returning home, he visited a cousin - and within 3 months, more than 200 people had been infected with the disease.</p>
<h3>5. Mosquitoes infect us with nasty bird diseases, like West Nile Virus.</h3>
<p>Although West Nile Virus is carried by birds, humans can catch it too - usually from a mosquito that bit the bird first.</p>
<p>Most people don't develop symptoms, but 20% of the infected develop a fever - accompanied by headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash.</p>
<p>About <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111008/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2014.1_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">1 in 150 people infected become seriously ill</a> with West Nile encephalitis or West Nile meningitis, potentially fatal conditions. Horses can also become ill due to West Nile Virus, but neither horses nor humans can spread the disease. And while there's a vaccine against the illness for horses, there's not for humans.</p>
<p>Since it arrived in the United States, West Nile may <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-study-on-cost-of-west-nile-virus-2014-2">have infected more than 3 million Americans, and cost more than $800 million</a>.</p>
<h3>6. Mosquitoes don't play fair: They target some people more than others.</h3>
<p>Some people really are mosquito magnets. Mosquitoes are drawn to the smell given off by the bacteria that live on everyone's skin, and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/skin-bacteria-attracts-mosquito-bites-2014-3">so</a><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/skin-bacteria-attracts-mosquito-bites-2014-3">me people give off an odor</a> that makes them especially attractive to the tiny beasts. And contrary to what a lot of people say, eating garlic and using natural repellent <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/06/travel/getting-the-jump-on-mosquitoes.html">doesn't do much</a>, if anything, though DEET-containing bug repellents are effective indeed.</p>
<h3><strong><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.shutterstock.com/gallery-1038463p1.html">Shutterstock/Trazos sobre Papel</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></strong>7. Mosquitoes spread Rift Valley fever, which can blind people and bankrupt farmers.</h3>
<p>Rift Valley fever mostly affects animals, but mosquitoes can transmit it to humans, too, where it causes some pretty horrific symptoms.</p>
<p>Some people experience no symptoms, and among those who do, the effects <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs207/en/" target="_blank">seem like a flu</a> at first. Some develop neck stiffness and sensitivity to light as well.</p>
<p>But the small subset of people (less than 2%) who get the ocular form of the disease may develop lesions in their eye that cause them to go blind, while others (also less than 2%) may develop potentially a fatal brain disease or hemorrhagic fever.</p>
<p>Since Rift Valley fever primarily affects animal populations, its effects <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/">can decimate farming industries and economies</a>.</p>
<h3>8. Mosquitoes cause permanent disability around the world.</h3>
<p>Lymphatic filariasis, a mostly neglected tropical disease, <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/">is a leading cause of permanent disability</a> for people around the world.</p>
<p>More than 120 million people are currently infected, and about one-third of them are disfigured and incapacitated by it.</p>
<p>Mosquitoes spread microscopic parasites between people, which then settle into the lymphatic system to multiply over a period of 6-8 years. They can damage the immune system and the kidneys, and later on in life may cause <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/">painful swelling in the arms, legs, and genitals</a>.</p>
<h3>9. Mosquitoes spread fatal diseases to children.</h3>
<p><a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111008/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2014.1_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">Japanese encephalitis</a> is another disease that mosquitoes can spread to humans from infected animals, though humans cannot spread the disease on. It still kills about 10,000 people a year, mostly children under the age of 5. Although there is no treatment, there is an effective vaccine. <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111008/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2014.1_eng.pdf?ua=1"><br /></a></p>
<h3>10. Mosquitoes spread malaria, which still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths every year.</h3>
<p>Between 2000 and 2012, there's been <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111008/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2014.1_eng.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">a dramatic reduction in malaria deaths</a> - 42% globally. Even so, an estimated 627,000 people died from malaria in 2012 alone, and there were approximately 207 million cases of the disease.</p>
<p>Female <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium parasites in their bites, which then cause high fever, chills, and a serious flu-like illness that can kill if it's not treated. This disease is preventable, with items like bed nets, insect repellent, and long sleeves, and is treatable, yet it still kills that many people.</p>
<h3><strong><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>NRCS SD at <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/nrcs_south_dakota/7687101212/">www.flickr.com</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></strong>11. Mosquitoes are really hard to get rid of.</h3>
<p>Mosquitoes don't need much to survive. Any small water container - or anything that will catch rainwater - is enough to provide a breeding ground. Mosquitoes are also <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DumgZ8ELGlEAF8M9a7X7xMpIXHX-mhS8Xprse3-qK3c/edit">becoming resistant</a> to commonly used insecticides, like pyrethroids, which are commonly used to treat bed nets.</p>
<p>They also travel quickly. <span>The Asian Tiger Mosquito, which <span>is known to carry yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya, <span>has </span><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060874#pone.0060874-Sprenger1">spread to 36 states</a> since first showing up in the United States in 1985.</span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span>Its vehicle of choice? </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576225">Used tires</a><span>. </span><span>Tires commonly hold standing water, which makes them an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. Worn out tires are sent from rich countries to poor countries, where they are often fitted with new treads, and then sent back to the countries they came from. And on both routes, they may carry six-legged stowaways. This is such a serious problem that entomologists are </span><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/03/05/chikungunya-the-mosquito-borne-virus-that-contorts-your-limbs.html">looking for ways</a><span> to incorporate insecticides into tire rubber.</span></span></span></p>

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