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A series of deaths of migratory birds in Sambhar Lake have put health and administrative officials under alarm. 520 migratory birds have died and 235 are ill in Rajasthan's Sambhar Lake. Ill birds, predominantly because of <keyword id="23882485" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Avian-botulism" source="keywords">Avian botulism</keyword> disease are being rescued and treated. Jeetu Kulhari said, "In 2019, a very large number of birds had died in Sambhar Lake. The day we got to know about it, we started working so that the disease does not spread among the birds. We keep a close watch on them every day. 520 birds have died. 235 birds are ill - we have rescued them and all of them are being treated. There is a team at the veterinary hospital as well. The team is also continuously engaged there. During this transportation of injured birds, about one or two of our birds who were in serious condition died during primary treatment." She further said that 10 teams were formed and sent for rescue operations in the lake. "Our teams are working very hard. It is our responsibility to save the birds which migrate here covering thousands of km. We need the support of locals," she added. The bodies of dead birds are being continuously taken out from the lake and disposed of, while the sick birds are being rescued and treated. The death of birds has now reduced, and the condition of sick birds is also improving rapidly. The death of migratory birds due to botulism has been confirmed in the investigation report from Bareilly lab. Botulism is a disease in which birds get paralyzed. Botulism is a serious neuromuscular disease, which is caused by a toxin produced by a bacterium called <keyword id="23883589" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Clostridium-botulism" source="keywords">Clostridium botulism</keyword>. This disease affects the nervous system of birds, causing paralysis of their wings and legs and the neck starts touching the ground. The bird gets paralyzed and is not in a position to stand, which leads to its death. Subdivision Officer, Navan Jeetu Kulhari said, "The process of finding dead birds in Sambhar Lake has been going on for the last 15 days. More than 1000 birds have fallen ill due to botulism. 50 members divided into 10 teams of SDRF, Animal Husbandry, Forest Department and Administration are engaged in rescue and relief operations in the lake area. Intensive rescue operations are going on in Mohanpura, Khakarki, Jabdi Nagar, Gudha Salt and Sambhar Salt areas of the lake area." Surveys are also being conducted using drones to rescue the birds. Dr. Rajendra Prasad veterinarian said, "Yesterday, 38 birds who had fully recovered were freed and released back into the lake. Currently, the treatment of 50 birds is going on in the rescue center."

Migratory birds killed in Rajasthan's Sambhar Lake due to Avian botulism; rescue of ill birds underway

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mosquitos that transmit the <keyword id="21571718" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="West-Nile-virus" source="keywords">West Nile virus</keyword> are immune to some <keyword id="23547211" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bug-sprays" source="keywords">bug sprays</keyword>, and even live longer after exposure.</li><li>Although rare, West Nile virus can cause <keyword id="23547213" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="severe-illness" source="keywords">severe illness</keyword> or death.</li></ul>Extreme hot weather coupled with heavy storms this year has created<a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/24/health/arizona-heat-burns-er/index.html"> the ideal conditions for mosquitoes</a>, including the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-encephalitis-and-meningitis-may-be-much-more-common-in-the-us-2016-8"> infamous Culex mosquito</a> — which transmits West Nile virus. On top of an already brutal mosquito season, community insecticides — a first line of defense against Culex mosquitoes — seem to be less effective at killing the bugs and their eggs. Not only are mosquitos unfazed by the insecticide, they actually seem to be fortified by it: those exposed are living longer, according to researcher Roxanne Connelly who works as a <keyword id="23547212" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="medical-entomologist" source="keywords">medical entomologist</keyword> at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "You want a product that's gonna be able to knock them down, not do this," Connelly told<a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/mosquitoes-carry-west-nile-are-becoming-resistant-insecticides-cdc-say-rcna96867"> NBC News</a>. This combination of events has caused <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-death-paralysis-health-officials-warn-rising-rates-2022-6">concern for researchers</a>, who urge the public to be extra vigilant of West Nile virus and to protect themselves from bloodthirsty mosquitoes. <h2>Most people who get West Nile virus don't feel sick, but for some it can cause permanent disability or death</h2>West Nile virus is the most common <keyword id="21363821" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mosquito-borne-disease" source="keywords">mosquito-borne disease</keyword> in the US. As of August 1, there have been 90 cases of West Nile virus recorded in a total of 17 states, according to the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/current-season-data.html"> CDC</a>. But this number is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/map-shows-west-nile-virus-has-been-detected-us-states-2022-7">expected to grow</a>. "This is just the beginning of when we see West Nile start to take off in the United States," Dr. Erin Staples, a medical epidemiologist at the CDC's Fort Collins lab, reported to NBC News. "We expect a steady increase of disease to occur over the next several weeks." The vast majority of people who are infected by West Nile don't feel sick. However, one in five people will experience symptoms, which can include a fever, headache, body aches, vomiting and diarrhea <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html">according to the CDC</a>. Only one in 150 people develop serious complications, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-mosquito-bite-facial-paralysis-diarrhea-2022-7">including neurological symptoms</a> like headache, stiff neck, convulsions, vision loss, paralysis, coma or even death. There is no cure or treatment for West Nile virus. Those at greatest risk of serious illness are people over the age of 60 and those who have underlying medical problems. <h2>5 things you can do to prevent <keyword id="20535799" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mosquito-bites" source="keywords">mosquito bites</keyword></h2>It's not clear to scientists why the <keyword id="23547209" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Culex-mosquito" source="keywords">Culex mosquito</keyword> is becoming resistant to community based insecticides — which are sprayed liberally by farmers to protect produce, landscapers to avoid nuisance, and by vector control workers to prevent disease spread, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.vox.com/health/23814358/west-nile-virus-symptoms-mosquito-repellant-disease-bite-insecticide-resistance">reports Vox</a>. But you can still protect yourself from mosquito bites. Bug sprays with DEET and picaridin are still highly effective at fending off hungry mosquitos, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/prevention/index.html">according to the CDC</a>. They also recommend wearing loose-fitting clothing that covers the arms and legs, screening open windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from coming inside, and using air conditioning when possible. Regularly emptying standing water around your yard — including from bird baths, flower pots and toys — can prevent mosquitoes from reproducing.

Mosquitoes carrying a virus that causes paralysis and death are becoming immune to common bug sprays

<ul class="summary-list"><li>West Nile virus is the most common mosquito-borne disease in the US.</li><li>The virus is spread by mosquitoes during the summer and fall.</li></ul>At least 18 states have detected West Nile virus in mosquitoes or humans as of mid-July, according to the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/current-season-data.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. Based on <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/cumMapsData.html#eight">CDC data from the past 20 years</a>, the peak of the season is yet to come.West Nile virus (WNV) is commonly spread from infected mosquitoes to humans throughout summer and fall, but only about one in five people infected with the virus experience symptoms of disease, the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/symptoms/index.html">CDC</a> says. Most of the cases reported to the CDC involve <a href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-mosquito-bite-facial-paralysis-diarrhea-2022-7">severe illness</a>, as milder symptoms such as fever can be confused with other viruses. Many states test local mosquito populations for WNV beginning in late spring, with some health departments reporting the virus as early as May. Residents are warned to use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and pants outside, and dump standing water where mosquitoes might breed. People who are older or immunocompromised should take extra care to avoid mosquitoes, as they have a higher risk of getting severely ill, according to the <a href="https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/west-nile-virus.html#:~:text=To%20learn%20more%20about%20West,Friday%2C%208%20a.m.%20%2D%205%20p.m.">Illinois Department of Public Health</a>.Local health departments are meant to report all human WNV disease cases to the CDC, but some states and counties report their mosquito surveillance data independently. The most recent CDC data, as of June 27, shows a total of 17 human cases of WNV disease across the US this year. <a href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-death-paralysis-health-officials-warn-rising-rates-2022-6">Several states have reported WNV in mosquitoes</a> without any known infections in humans, as people in those areas should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites.<h2>Human infections reported to the CDC are usually serious</h2>Most people who are infected with WNV do not experience symptoms, but <a href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-causing-paralysis-deaths-in-6-states-2021-9">the disease can be fatal</a> if it reaches the brain. About 1 in 150 people infected experience severe neurological symptoms, including headache, stiff neck, convulsions, vision loss, paralysis, and coma, according to the CDC.Of the 15 WNV disease cases reported to CDC last year, 11 patients were classified as having neuroinvasive disease, which involves swelling in the brain or spinal cord.Only one person died of WNV disease last year: an individual in Arizona, according to the most recent CDC data. Another <a href="https://oklahoma.gov/health/news---events/newsroom/2022/june/oklahoma-experiences-first-west-nile-virus-case--and-death--of-t.html#:~:text=OKLAHOMA%20CITY%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Oklahoma%20State,bite%20of%20an%20infected%20mosquito.">death was reported in Oklahoma</a> but has not yet been included in the CDC's official count.There is no specific treatment or vaccine available for WNV, so the only way to prevent serious illness is to avoid mosquito bites.<h2>States test mosquitoes and other animals to get ahead of the virus</h2>Local and state health departments regularly trap and test mosquitoes to <a href="https://www.insider.com/3-viruses-scientists-are-watching-for-the-next-pandemic-2022-4">monitor them for diseases</a>, including WNV. At least 12 states including Florida, Massachusetts, and New York have detected WNV in mosquitoes but not in humans. States with known human cases, such as Texas and Arizona, may also have insect and animal infections.Mosquitoes become infected with WNV when they bite infected birds. They can also pass the virus back to healthy birds through their bites or if the birds eat them, continuing the cycle of infection.Some states monitor bird populations to keep tabs on WNV, rather than trapping and testing mosquitoes. Delaware, for instance, has detected the virus not in humans or mosquitoes, but in <a href="https://www.delawarepublic.org/delaware-headlines/2022-07-25/delaware-has-its-first-detection-of-west-nile-virus-this-year">chickens at a state monitoring station</a>. The state health department warned people to be aware of the disease in livestock as well, as horses can become infected with the virus.

Map shows states where West Nile virus has been detected in humans and mosquitos. The disease can cause a range of symptoms, from fever to brain swelling.

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Migratory birds killed in Rajasthan's Sambhar Lake due to Avian botulism; rescue of ill birds underway

ANI

Mosquitoes carrying a virus that causes paralysis and death are becoming immune to common bug sprays

Kate Hull

Map shows states where West Nile virus has been detected in humans and mosquitos. The disease can cause a range of symptoms, from fever to brain swelling.

Andrea Michelson

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