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<keyword id="6354512" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Infosys">Infosys</keyword>' former CFO, T V <keyword id="6491998" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mohandas-Pai">Mohandas Pai</keyword> today exhorted institutional investors to raise questions about the huge cash pile on the company's books and governance issues, as investors have an obligation to protect their investment. 
 "Capital allocation is very important. Institutional investors should raise those questions. They have a duty...institutional investors should raise questions on governance because it concerns the company's reputation," <keyword id="249145" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pai">Pai</keyword> told <keyword id="6367495" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="PTI">PTI</keyword> in an interview. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/infosys-employees-in-stresspromotions-and-increments-may-take-a-hit/articleshow/57095393.cms">ALSO READ: ​ Infosys employees in stress: Promotions and Increments may take a hit</a> 
 
Infosys had liquid assets, including cash and cash equivalents and investments worth Rs 35,697 crore (about $5.25 billion) on its books at the end of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/infosys-employees-in-stresspromotions-and-increments-may-take-a-hit/articleshow/57095393.cms">December 2016</a>. 
 
He asserted that founders, who hold 13% stake in the Bengaluru-based company, had raised these questions like any other investor would. 
 "The founders are investors like anybody else. They hold 13 per cent stake. They have every right to question the <keyword id="6364382" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Board">Board</keyword>... Since the largest shareholder has sought clarification, they must also seek detailed clarification," he said. 
 
Pai, along with former colleague <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/infosys-employees-in-stresspromotions-and-increments-may-take-a-hit/articleshow/57095393.cms">V Balakrishnan</a>, had sought a USD 1.8 billion buyback in 2014 just as CEO <keyword id="6369763" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vishal-Sikka">Vishal Sikka</keyword> was taking over. 
 
"We had raised the issue. We hope that other institutional investors will also raise their voice because the institutional investors have an obligation to protect their investment," he said. 
 
Pai explained that shareholders all over the world ask questions about capital allocation when growth slows down for listed companies, that have too much cash on books. 
 
"All over the world, for listed companies when growth slows down and there is too much cash, shareholders will ask what are they doing with the cash...about capital allocations. Most Boards around the world will respond with a buyback to show confidence in the company and stabilise the stock price," he said. 
 
Pai expressed hope that institutional investors who have a "fiduciary responsibility" to their unit holders, will also ask the same questions, as has been in the case of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/infosys-employees-in-stresspromotions-and-increments-may-take-a-hit/articleshow/57095393.cms">Cognizant</a>. 
 Last week, <keyword id="28721" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Cognizant">Cognizant</keyword>'s Board approved a plan to return USD 3.4 billion to shareholders over the next two years through share buybacks and dividend, following investor activism. 
 
"Why can't Infosys do something like Cognizant has done. That is very important for shareholders. I hope they ask him that at a time when growth is slowing down," he said. 
 
He said that while reports of the rift would not impact the company's performance but there is "some reputational damage because of this" and pointed out that the board "has to remedy this situation". 
 Over the last few days, Infosys has come under fire from founders like N R <keyword id="6355623" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narayana-Murthy">Narayana Murthy</keyword> who have publicly raised concerns on alleged corporate governance lapses at <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/infosys-employees-in-stresspromotions-and-increments-may-take-a-hit/articleshow/57095393.cms">Infosys.</a> 
 
Infosys, however, has denied the allegations and said that its board is fully aligned with the strategic <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/infosys-employees-in-stresspromotions-and-increments-may-take-a-hit/articleshow/57095393.cms">direction of Sikka </a>and is very "appreciative of the initiatives taken by him in pursuance of this transformation".

Infosys should clarify capital allocation policy: Mohandas Pai tells investors

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>The Van der Vorms, a secretive family of Dutch <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/billionaires">billionaires</a>, made as much as $4 billion off the sale of Ray-Ban owner GrandVision in July - but no one knows what they will do with the cash, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-30/secretive-family-getting-4-billion-haul-has-everyone-guessing?srnd=premium">Bloomberg's Ruben Munsterman and Benjamin Stupples</a> reported on October 30.</li><li>The family built its $11.2 billion fortune from Holland America Line, a cruise line, which they sold to Carnival for $625 million in 1988, according to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/26/business/carnival-cruise-lines-to-buy-holland-america-line-unit.html">The New York Times</a>.</li><li>The family is extremely secretive: Both the public documents filed by their trust and the <a href="https://www.deverrebergen.nl/bestuur/">website of their charitable foundation</a> refer to family members only by their initials.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>A secretive family of Dutch billionaires will end 2019 with as much as an extra $4 billion in their family trust after having sold Ray-Ban owner GrandVision to another eyewear company this summer.The Van der Vorms built the majority of their <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-30/secretive-family-getting-4-billion-haul-has-everyone-guessing?srnd=premium">$11.2 billion fortune</a> off a cruise line that Willem Van der Vorms sold to Carnival for $625 million in 1988, according to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/26/business/carnival-cruise-lines-to-buy-holland-america-line-unit.html">The New York Times</a>.In July, The Van der Vorms sold GrandVision to Franco-Italian eyewear empire EssilorLuxottica for 7.3 billion euros ($8.1 billion), <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-31/ray-ban-maker-agrees-to-buy-grandvision-for-7-9-billion">Bloomberg</a> reported at the time. At the time, the family owned 77% of GrandVision and profited as much as $4 billion from the sale.The profits from the sale will be put into HAL, the publicly traded trust controlled by the Van der Vorms, according to <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-30/secretive-family-getting-4-billion-haul-has-everyone-guessing?srnd=premium">Bloomberg</a>. As for where the money will go, there's currently little clarity: The family could use it to pay dividends to shareholders, reinvest in something else, or use it to retire and become full-time philanthropists, ABN Amro Bank NV analyst Thijs Berkelder told <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-30/secretive-family-getting-4-billion-haul-has-everyone-guessing?srnd=premium">Bloomberg</a>.The last time the family had major windfall - <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/26/business/carnival-cruise-lines-to-buy-holland-america-line-unit.html">$625 million</a> from the sale of the Holland America Line in 1988 - they used it to start HAL, according to <a href="https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2016/02/shipping-familys-fund-buys-100-homes-for-syrians-in-rotterdam/">Dutch News</a>.Representatives of HAL did not respond to Business Insider's request for comment on how the funds will be used.<h2>The family is 'unusually secretive' for its level of wealth</h2>Analysts told Bloomberg that both HAL and the Van der Vorm family are unusually secretive for their level of wealth and do not respond to requests for information. Both HAL's public documents and the <a href="https://www.deverrebergen.nl/bestuur/">website of their charitable foundation</a> refer to family members only by their initials.The little that is known about the family's finances was revealed by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-are-the-panama-papers-2016-4">the Panama Papers</a>, a trove of documents leaked from a Central American law firm in 2016 that revealed the intimate financial dealings of 12 country leaders, 128 public officials, and 29 Forbes-listed billionaires, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-30/secretive-family-getting-4-billion-haul-has-everyone-guessing?srnd=premium">Bloomberg</a> reported. The leak revealed that HAL also maintained a headquarters in Curacao, a Dutch Caribbean island known for using low tax rates to attract wealthy foreigners, according to <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Tax/dttl-tax-curacaohighlights-2019.pdf">Deloitte</a>.The new owners of GrandVision, EssilorLuxottica, will add Ray-Ban to an already expansive portfolio of eyewear brands that includes Coach New York, Armani Exchange, Burberry, Chanel, Ralph Lauren, Tiffany &amp; Co., Tory Burch, Versace, and Brooks Brothers, Oakley and Foster Grant, according to its <a href="https://www.essilorluxottica.com/brands#block-eyewearbrands">website</a>. The company also owns the Lenscrafters and Pearle Vision chains of eyeglass stores.The Van der Vorms are not the only billionaires to see their investments in the fashion and beauty space pay off in 2019. Growing Chinese demand for luxury goods has raised the share prices of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/bernard-arnault">Bernard Arnault</a>'s LVMH, Francois Pinault's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/kering">Kering</a>, and Francoise Bettencourt Meyers' <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/loreal">L'Oréal</a>, adding <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/french-billionaires-money-luxury-goods-demand-china-arnault-pinault-2019-7">$53 billion</a> to the French billionaires' combined fortunes in 2019.<h2><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-30/secretive-family-getting-4-billion-haul-has-everyone-guessing">Read the full story on Bloomberg &gt;&gt;</a> </h2>

The secretive family of Dutch billionaires who used to control Ray-Ban got as much as $4 billion richer this summer, and no one knows how they'll spend the money

Sjoerd van der Wal/Getty Images; Samantha Lee/Business Insider<ul class="summary-list"><li>Technologists and big spenders in America's $800 billion trucking industry are investing in new types of trucking software - but not much in self-driving trucks.</li><li>That's because the likelihood that self-driving trucks will be realized in the coming decade is diminishing further and further, making it a lesser focus for big players in the industry.</li><li>As a result, investors are gravitating toward software solutions for trucking companies, which are a safer, less volatile bet.</li><li>With investor focus elsewhere, the expectation for self-driving trucks could be pushed even further down the road. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Everyone from <a href="https://www.fleetowner.com/technology/article/21696130/report-driverless-trucks-will-eliminate-millions-of-jobs">Tucker Carlson</a> to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/01/17/washington-post-editorial-board-interviews-2020-candidate-andrew-yang/?arc404=true">Andrew Yang</a> has opined on self-driving trucks in recent years. And while many of those influencers' opinions differ on virtually everything else, their standpoint on autonomous trucking is unified: Self-driving technology is coming, soon, and it will squash the livelihoods of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/autonomous-tech-truck-driver-jobs-2018-12">1.8 million Americans.</a>But looking at the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/logistics-startups-2020-according-to-vcs-2020-2">$19.3 billion</a> supply-chain venture-capital space tells a much different story.Investment in supply chain is red hot. VCs in that space closed 534 deals in 2018, according to Pitchbook's most recent numbers in a December report. That's up from 392 deals in 2015, and just 85 in 2010.But Pitchbook revealed that self-driving trucks aren't dominating the space, with 122 deals in 2018 and 96 in 2019. That may be because, according to the Pitchbook report, there's an "unproven model in autonomy." "The technological ideas that may be the most scientifically exciting are often not the highest probability of success," Benjamin Gordon, founder and managing partner of private-equity firm <a href="https://cambridgecapital.com">Cambridge Capital</a>, told Business Insider."Most venture capitalists, and certainly all private-equity firms, prefer to invest in businesses that have a high likelihood of success and a low level of volatility," Gordon continued. "And self-driving is a pretty good example of the opposite."That could push the expectation for self-driving trucks even further down the road, because innovation takes money, and much of the money is currently going elsewhere. <h2>VCs and tech giants are looking at automating brokerage instead</h2>Four years ago, Uber Freight's head of operations, Bill Driegert, would have said self-driving trucks would be on the road by 2030. Now, he's not so sure."It's still more in the investment phase, where you don't have large-scale commercial implementations," Driegert told Business Insider.Pitchbook; Andy Kiersz/Business InsiderVC spending in freight is exploding.Meanwhile, most players in the trucking-technology space are focusing on automating the process in which truck drivers are matched with loads to move from retailers and manufacturers. Companies like <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/amazon-freight-disrupts-uber-billion-dollar-trucking-industry-2019-4-1028147655">Amazon</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-freight-trucking-profitability-brokerage-2019-9">Uber</a>, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/oracle-trucking-digital-freight-brokerages-solve-biggest-problem-trucking-industry-2019-7">Oracle</a> all have their own freight-brokerage platforms.The folks who lead these efforts at big companies and the ones who helm the startups, like <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trucking-convoy-fund-raise-startup-founder-interview-2019-11">Seattle-based Convoy</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/truck-driver-shortage-staffing-industry-problems-2018-9">New York-based Transfix</a>, say that automating brokerage could help truck drivers drive fewer miles without a load and wait less at warehouses for new loads. That helps truckers, many of whom work for themselves or for a small business, make more money. As for Uber Freight, Driegert, who previously held leadership positions at Amazon and Coyote Logistics, said the company's technology is already slashing costs for customers. Carriers who work with Uber Freight report that they reduce empty miles by 20% to 30%, Driegert said."The tech we're building, it's very immediate," Driegert said. "Any shipper or any carrier can download it today and start seeing the difference."Pitchbook; Andy Kiersz/Business InsiderMore and more freight startups are vying for VC investment.Freight-brokerage software, as well as buzzy data-visibility startups like Project44, are thus a safer bet for investors."It's a much lower-risk proposition for a VC to invest in an enterprise software company with proven customers and revenue, and a predictable growth curve, than something as exciting but unpredictable as self-driving technology," Gordon said.<h2>A $70 billion opportunity </h2>Of course, many folks are still pushing ahead in self-driving trucks. UPS recently acquired a minority stake in self-driving company TuSimple, and the startup has been piloting self-driving UPS shipments <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ups-driverless-trucks-tusimple-minority-stake-2019-8">since spring 2019</a>. Waymo began testing self-driving trucks in Arizona <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/23/waymos-self-driving-trucks-and-minivans-are-headed-to-new-mexico-and-texas/">in 2017</a>, and Elon Musk is gearing up to produce the Tesla Semi <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-semi-will-roll-off-production-line-in-2020-2020-1">sometime by the end of 2020</a>.The revenue upside is clear. Autonomous vehicles would save the trucking industry billions and increase fuel efficiency, according to <a href="https://www.ttnews.com/articles/itech-trucking-may-save-168-billion-annually-driverless-vehicles-report-concludes">a Morgan Stanley report</a>. Labor savings alone could be $70 billion per year, and productivity would be up 30% because driverless trucks would run 24/7. But trucking is technologically further behind than outsiders may understand. Drivers often pick up new jobs through calling individual brokerages, GPS tracking is still a novelty, and a law that requires drivers to keep a device to electronically log driving hours <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trucker-truck-driver-eld-salary-2018-5">was panned partially</a> because truckers felt they were being monitored too closely.In the past two decades, just about every major industry has been digitally transformed - retail with online shopping, travel with online airline and hotel booking, and finance with digital stock brokers. Eric Berdinis, the group product manager at Uber Freight, said logistics is getting its belated digital revolution right now."It's the last kind of major industry where this transformation is happening," Berdinis told Business Insider.Asad Hussain, a mobility-tech analyst at PitchBook, agrees."Our view is that self-driving trucks are coming, but it's going to take years for them to become widespread," he told Business Insider. "In the meantime, there's a lot of inefficiencies and excess costs and supply chains that can be addressed with the technologies of today."Starsky RoboticsSelf-driving truck startup Starsky Robotics shuttered in 2020 after raising more than $20 million in venture capital.For that reason, it might be necessary for the public to roll back its expectations of what will come out of the trucking industry. An industry that's still working out how track the location of truck drivers isn't likely to going to be able to eliminate their roles altogether by virtue of technology.Of course, the challenges of developing self-driving technology aren't limited to truck startups. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/business/self-driving-autonomous-cars.html">As The New York Times reported last year,</a> the heads of companies like Ford have admitted that developing driverless cars was harder than they thought."There was this incredible optimism," Navigant Research's Sam Abuelsamid <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/business/self-driving-autonomous-cars.html">told the Times</a>. "Companies thought this was a very straightforward problem. You just throw in some sensors and artificial intelligence, and it would be easy to do."Gordon, who has been in supply chain since the mid 1990s and previously sold a startup to shipping giant Maersk, points more generally to an adage PayPal and Palantir billionaire Peter Thiel <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/founders-fund-the-future-2011-7">wrote in 2011</a>, criticizing a slowing rate of innovation and lack of ambitious entrepreneurs: "We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters."Sometimes the more conventional route wins out, not because it's the cheapest or most innovative long-term solution - but because it's the safest for the people with a stake in the industry right now, no matter how imminent the revolution may feel.Like other buzzy ideas that always seem 10 years out, that safety net may be what keeps self-driving trucks a thing of the future rather than one of the present.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/30-big-tech-predictions-for-2020?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_leadgen&amp;itm_content=amazon&amp;itm_campaign=30-big-tech-predictions-for-2020"></a> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-teslas-model-3-compares-to-volkswagens-new-ev-ide-2020-2">How Tesla's Model 3 compares to Volkswagen's new EV</a></h3>

Uber and scores of VCs are investing millions into trucking innovation - but little is going toward self-driving trucks, despite the hype around them. Here's why.

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.artemis.com/about">Artemis</a></div></div>In today's world, there's one area of technology that can almost never be fast enough: the wireless networks that power our mobile devices.
Despite decades of advancements, we still lose signal when walking around in a big city like New York or San Francisco. 
Or when attending a popular sporting event - individual towers just can't handle thousands of people trying to move data at once.
But a hot startup with some major engineering talent is hoping to change all of that.
Founded in 2011, <a href="http://www.artemis.com/pcell" target="_blank">Artemis</a> is a startup working on pCell, a new wireless standard that it thinks could leapfrog 4G altogether. With decades of experience and hundreds of patents between them, these are the guys at Artemis who are making their amazing technology possible.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.artemis.com/about">Artemis</a></div></div>Steve Perlman is the founder and CEO of Artemis.
He's been involved with cutting-edge research in the tech industry for more than 30 years. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he began work on massively-parallel graphics chips at Atari, decades before they became mainstream.
Two years later, he was working on the technology that would become QuickTime as Apple's Principal Scientist.
A serial entrepreneur and Ayn Rand fan, Perlman founded <a href="http://www.rearden.com/" target="_blank">Rearden</a> as a business incubator in 2000. 
Since then, he's launched a number startups from within Rearden, several of which have been spun-off. MOVA, his motion capture technology studio in the San Francisco Bay Area, was notably used for Brad's Pitt's facial capture for the 2008 film "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button."
Perlman's last project before Artemis was <a href="http://www.onlive.com/" target="_blank">OnLive</a>, which hoped to serve as a "Netflix for video games" by letting gamers stream high-end games to any device, like interactive YouTube videos. After a rough period of layoffs in 2012, OnLive is still kicking but has lost a lot of its hype.
Perlman holds over 135 US patents that run the gamut of communications, video, graphics, facial capture, video gaming, software lens, and wireless power technologies.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.artemis.com/about">Artemis</a></div></div>Antonio Forenza is a co-founder and Principal Scientist at Artemis.
He's been working with Steve Perlman for nearly a decade, having begun his research at Rearden in 2005.
Before that, he worked on systems engineering teams at seeral major wireless companies, including Samsung and Freescale Semiconductor.
Forenza holds a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin and is named on 13 wireless patents.
Even more impressively, he's made several significant contributions to the Wi-fi and LTE standards that the wireless chips in all of our mobile devices are built to follow.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.artemis.com/about">Artemis</a></div></div>Roger van der Laan is a co-founder and VP of Engineering at Artemis.
Like Forenza, he joined Perlman at Rearden almost a decade ago and has been involved with all of the incubator's major technology innovations.
He's a co-inventor of the previously-mentioned motion caption technology that made CGI Brad Pitt look so good, as well as the core technology that let OnLive stream HD-quality games across the Web without introducing too much lag.
If you've ever used an in-flight entertainment system, you've got van der Laan to thank for that too: as Director of Research and Development at Delta, he designed and built the first such system that could let each passenger play their own TV shows and movies on demand during a flight.
Like his Artemis colleagues, van der Laan holds a number of patents: his current count is about 20, through he has approximately 40 pending.

Meet The Geniuses Making Your Cell Phone Internet 1,000x Faster Than 4G

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Bryan Bedder/Getty Images for The New York TimesGoldman Sachs Group chairman and CEO Lloyd Blankfein.</div></div></div><section><article><div><div><section data-share-hash=""><div>Goldman Sachs just announed a new class of managing directors.</div><div></div><div>Here's the statement:</div></section></div>NEW YORK, November 8, 2017 -- The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) today announced that it has selected a new class of Managing Directors, effective from January 1, 2018, the start of the firm's next fiscal year."Our new Managing Directors have demonstrated an outstanding commitment to our people, clients and culture during their tenures at the firm, and we wish them continued success as they take this important next step in their careers," said Lloyd C. Blankfein, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs.The following individuals have been promoted to Managing Director: Gregg Abramson Sanjay Acharya Khalid Albdah Amal Alibair Karthikeyan Anbalagan Rolf Andersson Volker Anger Jonathan Armstrong Ken Ashley Lavanya Ashok Sebastian Ayton Jonathan Babkow Julio Badi Amitayush Bahri Soren Balzer Robert Barlick Jr. Philip Barreca Santiago Bau David Bauer Oksana Beard Lee Becker Virender Bedi Stuart Beer Christian Beerli Amanda Beisel Yumiko Bekku David Bell Pierre Benichou Andrew Benito Marco Bensi Laura Benson Stephen Bergin Daniel Berglund Greg Berry Shital Bhatt Dipanjan Bhattacharjee Anu Bhavnani Carissa Biggie Vineet Birman Daniel Bitel Anne Black Richard Blore Emmanuel Bodenstein Timothy Braude Sean Brenan Hugh Briscoe Nathaniel Bristol Leo Brito Troy Broderick Levee Brooks Eric Brothers Robert Bruns III Anthony Bunnell Meg Burke Susan Burt Sean Butkus Russell Byrne Edward Byun Adam Cahill Alessandro Calace Cristiano Camargo Ken Cawley Swapan Chaddha Patrick Chamberlain Richard Chambers Daphne Chan Lily Chan Ben Chance Ginger Chang Vikram Chavali Alex Cheek Jae Joon Choi Ken Choi Paul Choi David Clark Denis Cleary Daniel Cleland-James Ayanna Clunis Pamela Codo-Lotti Jesse Cohen Paul Coles Simon Coombes Jenny Cosco Philip Coureau Nathan Cowen Matthew Cox (Securities) Shaun Cullinan Christine D'Agostino Emile Daher Hiren Dasani Russell Day Pierre De Belen Merche del Valle Caitlin DeSantis Jack Devaney Thomas Devos Mats Dewitte Hristo Dimitrov Tim Dinsdale Isabella Disler Christian Ditullio Terence Doherty Yakut Donat Nicola Dondi Brian Dong Jason D'Silva Stefan Duffner Jane Dunlevie Marie Duval Julien Dyon Rohini Eapen Zach Eckler Sayaka Eda Jason Eisenstadt Chris Emmerson Tiffany Eng Chendan Esvaran Erkko Etula Liz Ewing Michael Fargher Matteo Farina Leigh Farris Sarah Faulkner Tom Favia Brett Feldman Jennifer Feng Jon Ferguson Alex Field Herbert Filho Alex Finston Dean Flanagan Greg Flynn Trip 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<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Whos-Bigger-Historical-Figures-Really/dp/1107041376/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1387297630&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=who%27s+bigger+where+historical+figures+really+rank"></a><a href="http://www.harrisinteractive.com/NewsRoom/HarrisPolls/tabid/447/ctl/ReadCustom%20Default/mid/1508/ArticleId/1353/Default.aspx">Wikimedia Commons</a>Jesus, the most important person in history, according to the book.</div></div>It was only a matter of time before the tech world tried to rewrite history.
Stony Brook University computer science professor <a href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~skiena/">Steven Skiena</a> and Google software engineer <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/charlesbward/">Charles B. Ward</a> take on this ambitious task in a book published this fall: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Whos-Bigger-Historical-Figures-Really/dp/1107041376/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1387297630&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=who%27s+bigger+where+historical+figures+really+rank">"Who's Bigger: Where Historical Figures Really Rank</a>."
Just as Google ranks web pages, the researchers created an algorithm that ranks historical figures by Wikipedia PageRank, article length, and readership, as well as achievement and celebrity.
Their conclusions have not come without controversy. The top 100 significant figures are overwhelming white and male. For example, Nelson Mandela, who helped end Apartheid in South Africa, ranked only 356. And just three women broke the top 100. 
Cass Sunstein of "The New Republic" <a href="http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115669/ranking-historical-figures-skiena-and-wards-whos-bigger-reviewed">wrote a sprawling analysis of their findings</a>. She questions not only if we can measure historical significance, but whether we should and certainly why the authors relied solely on the English-language version of Wikipedia. On that note, perhaps we could call these the most important figures in Western history.
Here's the top 100:
1. Jesus: central figure of Christianity (7 B.C. - A.D. 30) 
2. Napoleon: Emperor of France, involved in the Battle of Waterloo (1769 - 1821)
3. Muhammad: prophet and founder of Islam (570 - 632)
4. William Shakespeare: English playwright, wrote "Hamlet" (1564 - 1616)
5. Abraham Lincoln: 16th U.S. president, involved in the Civil War (1809 - 1865)
6. George Washington: 1st U.S. president, involved in the American Revolution (1732 - 1799)
7. Adolf Hitler: Fuehrer of Nazi Germany, involved in World War II (1889 - 1945)
8. Aristotle: Greek philosopher and polymath (384 - 322 B.C.)
9. Alexander the Great: Greek king and conqueror of the known world (356 - 323 B.C.)
10. Thomas Jefferson: 3rd U.S. president, co-wrote the Declaration of Independence (1743 - 1826)
11. Henry VII: King of England, had six wives (1491 - 1547)
12. Charles Darwin: scientist, created the Theory of Evolution (1809 - 1882)
13. Elizabeth I: Queen of England, known as "The Virgin Queen" (1533 - 1603)
14. Karl Marx: philosopher, wrote the "Communist Manifesto" (1818 - 1883)
15. Julius Caesar: Roman general and statesmen, said "Et tu, Brute?" (100 - 44 B.C.)
16. Queen Victoria: Queen of Britain, Victorian Era (1819 - 1901)
17. Martin Luther: Protestant Reformation, wrote the "95 Theses" (1483 - 1546)
18. Joseph Stalin: Premier of USSR, involved in World War II (1878 - 1953)
19. Albert Einstein: theoretical physicist, created the Theory of Relativity (1879 - 1955)
20. Christopher Columbus: explorer, discoverer of the New World (1451 - 1506)
21. Isaac Newton: scientist, created the Theory of Gravity (1643 - 1727)
22. Charlemagne: first Holy Roman Emporer, considered the "Father of Europe" (742 - 814)
23. Theodore Roosevelt: 26th U.S. president, Progressive Movement (1858 - 1919)
24. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Austrian composer, wrote "Don Giovanni" (1756 - 1791)
25. Plato: Greek philosopher, wrote "The Republic" (427 - 347 B.C.)
26. Louis XIV: King of France, known as The Sun King (1638 - 1715)
27. Ludwig Von Beethoven: German composer, wrote "Ode to Joy" (1770 - 1827)
28. Ulysses S. Grant: 18th U.S. president and Civil War general (1822 - 1885)
29. Leonardo da Vinci: Italian artist and polymath, painted the "Mona Lisa" (1452 - 1519)
30. Augustus: First Emporer of Rome, Pax Romana (63 B.C. - A.D. 14)
31. Carl Linnaeus: Swedish biologist, father of Taxonomy (1707 - 1778)
32. Ronald Reagan: 40th U.S. president, Conservative Revolution (1911 - 2004)
33. Charles Dickens: English novelist, wrote "David Copperfield" (1812 - 1870
34. Paul the Apostle: Christian apostle and missionary (A.D. 5 - A.D. 67)
35. Benjamin Franklin: Founding father, scientist, captured lightning (1706 - 1790)
36. George W. Bush: 43rd U.S. president during the Iraq War (1946 - )
37. Winston Churchill: Prime Minister of Britain, involved in World War II (1874 - 1965)
38. Genghis Khan: Founder of the Mongol Empire (1162 - 1227)
39. Charles I: King of England, involved in the English Civil War (1600 - 1649)
40. Thomas Edison: Inventor of the light bulb and phonograph (1847 - 1931)
41. James I: King of England, responsible for the King James Bible (1566 - 1625)
42. Friedrich Nietzsche: German philosopher, "God is dead" (1844 - 1900)
43. Franklin D. Roosevelt: 32nd U.S. President, responsible for the New Deal (1882 - 1945)
44. Sigmund Freud: neurologist and creator of psychoanalysis (1856 - 1939)
45. Alexander Hamilton: U.S. Founding Father, National Bank (1755 - 1804)
46. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: Indian nationalist leader, instrumental in non-violence (1869 - 1948)
47. Woodrow Wilson: 28th U.S. president, involved in World War I (1856 - 1924)
48. Johann Sebastian Bach: Classical composer, wrote the "Well Tempered Clavier" (1685 - 1750)
49. Galileo Galilei: Italian physicist and astronomer (1564 - 1642)
50. Oliver Cromwell: Lord Protector of England, involved in the English Civil War (1599 - 1658)
51. James Madison: 4th U.S. president, involved in the War of 1812 (1751 - 1836)
52. Guatama Buddha: central figure of Buddhism (563 - 483 B.C.)
53. Mark Twain: American author, wrote "Huckleberry Finn" (1835 - 1910)
54. Edgar Allen Poe: American author, wrote "The Raven" (1809 - 1849)
55. Joseph Smith: American religious leader, founded Mormonism (1805 - 1844)
56. Adam Smith: Economist, wrote "The Wealth Of Nations" (1723 - 1790)
57. David: Biblical King of Israel, founded Jerusalem (1040 - 970 B.C.)
58. George III: King of England, involved in the American Revolution (1738 - 1820)
59. Immanuel Kant: German philosopher, wrote "Critique Of Pure Reason" (1724 - 1804)
60. James Cook: Explorer and discoverer of Hawaii and Australia (1728 - 1779)
61. John Adams: Founding Father and 2nd U.S. president (1735 - 1826)
62. Richard Wagner: German composer, wrote "Der Ring Des Nibelungen" (1813 - 1883)
63. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Russian composer, wrote the "1812 Overture" (1840 - 1893)
64. Voltaire: French Enlightenment philosopher, wrote "Candidate" (1694 - 1778)
65. Saint Peter: Early Christian leader (?-?)
66. Andrew Jackson: 7th U.S. president, also known as "Old Hickory" (1767 - 1845)
67. Constantine the Great: Emperor of Rome, first Christian emperor (272-337)
68. Socrates: Greek philosopher and teacher, sentenced to death by hemlock (469 - 399 B.C.)
69. Elvis Presley: The "king of rock and roll" (1935 - 1977)
70. William the Conqueror: King of England, Norman Conquest (1027 - 1087)
71. John F. Kennedy: 35th U.S. president, Cuban Missile Crisis (1917 - 1963)
72. Augustine of Hippo: Early Christian theologian, wrote "The City of God" (354 - 430)
73. Vincent Van Gogh: Post-impressionist painter, painted "Starry Night" (1853 - 1890)
74. Nicolaus Copernicus: Astronomer, theorized a heliocentric cosmology (1473 - 1543)
75. Vladimir Lenin: Soviet revolutionary and Premier of USSR (1870 - 1924)
76. Robert E. Lee: Confederate General during the U.S. Civil War (1807 - 1870)
77. Oscar Wilde: Irish author and poet, wrote "The Picture of Dorian Grey" (1854 - 1900)
78. Charles II: King of England, post-Cromwell (1630 - 1685)
79. Cicero: Roman statesman and orator, wrote "On the Republic" (106 - 43 B.C.)
80. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: philosopher, wrote "On the Social Contract" (1712 - 1778)
81. Francis Bacon: English scientist, created the Scientific Method (1561 - 1626)
82. Richard Nixon: 37th U.S. president, involved in Watergate (1913 - 1994)
83. Louis XVI: King of France, executed in the French Revolution (1754 - 1793)
84. Charles V: Holy Roman Emporer during the Counter-Reformation (1500 - 1558)
85. King Arthur: Mythical 6th-century King of Britain (? - ?)
86. Michelangelo: Italian sculptor and Renaissance man, sculpted "David" (1475 - 1564)
87. Philip II: King of Spain, organized the Spanish Armada (1527 - 1598)
88. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: German writer and polymath, wrote "Faust" (1749 - 1832)
89. Ali: Early Caliph and a central figure of Sufism (598 - 661)
90. Thomas Aquinas: Italian theologian, "Summa theologiae" (1225 - 1274)
91. Pope John Paul II: 20th-century Polish Pope, Solidarity (1920 - 2005)
92. Rene Descartes: French philosopher, coined "I think, therefore I am" (1596 - 1650)
93. Nikola Tesla: Inventor, discovered alternating current (1856 - 1943)
94. Harry S. Truman: 33rd U.S. president, involved in the Korean War (1884 - 1972)
95. Joan of Arc: French military leader and saint (1412 - 1431)
96. Dante Alighieri: Italian poet, wrote the "Divine Comedy" (1265 - 1321)
97. Otto von Bismarck: 1st chancellor and unifier of modern Germany (1815 - 1898)
98. Grover Cleveland: 22nd and 24th U.S. president (1837 - 1908)
99. John Calvin: French Protestant theologian, founded Calvinism (1509 - 1564)
100. John Locke: English Enlightenment philosopher, theorized "tabula rasa" (1632 - 1704)
Read more in <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Whos-Bigger-Historical-Figures-Really/dp/1107041376/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1387297630&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=who%27s+bigger+where+historical+figures+really+rank">"Who's Bigger: Where Historical Figures Really Rank</a>."

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