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<ul><li>American football players, particularly linemen develop diseases typically associated with advanced age, says a <keyword id="53675" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="harvard" source="Orion">Harvard</keyword> study.</li><li>These former elite athletes also tend to experience hypertension and diabetes.</li><li>The findings were published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.</li></ul>According to new research former professional American football players, particularly linemen, are more likely than non-players with similar demographic characteristics to develop diseases typically associated with advanced age when significantly younger. The findings were published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. These former elite athletes also tend to experience age-related conditions -- hypertension and diabetes, among others -- earlier, compared with the general population. Looking across all conditions, these athletes' health spans were reduced by nearly a decade. Notably, the effects persisted even after the researchers accounted for body mass index and race, two powerful risk factors for the diseases studied. The research -- based on a survey of nearly 3,000 former National Football League players, representing the largest study cohort of former professional football players to date -- was conducted by investigators at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and <keyword id="20988" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="harvard-medical-school" source="Orion">Harvard Medical School</keyword> as part of the ongoing Football Players Health Studyat Harvard University, a research program that encompasses a constellation of studies designed to evaluate various aspects of players' health across their life span. The findings, the research team said, warrant further study to define the biochemical, cellular, and physiologic mechanisms behind this premature aging phenomenon. "Our analysis raises important biological and physiological questions about underlying causes but, just as importantly, the results should serve as an alarm bell telling clinicians who care for these individuals to pay close attention even to their relatively younger former athlete patients," said study senior investigator <keyword id="15738191" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="rachel-grashow" source="Orion">Rachel Grashow</keyword>, director of epidemiological research initiatives for the Football Players Health Study. "Such heightened vigilance can lead to earlier diagnoses and timelier intervention to prevent or dramatically slow the pace of age-related illness," This level of attention is important because chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension, for example, could be easily overlooked due to a former player's status as an elite athlete, <keyword id="15738190" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="grashow" source="Orion">Grashow</keyword> added. Although previous studies had shown that former professional football players live as long or longer than males in the general population, athletes themselves reported to their physicians that they often feel older than their chronological age. In addition, sports medicine physicians who treat players have reported that these athletes often experience an earlier onset of age-related chronic conditions such as dementia, arthritis, hypertension, and diabetes. Intrigued by these conflicting reports, Grashow and colleagues surveyed 2,864 Black and white former professional football players between the ages of 25 and 59 to determine whether a health care provider had ever told them that they had dementia/Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, hypertension, or diabetes. In addition, the researchers used survey data to measure participants' health spans, or how long these athletes lived without developing any of these four conditions. The researchers compared these results to data from men aged 25 to 59 in the general population derived from two large, nationwide studies: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey, which collectively hold information on tens of thousands of individuals. Not surprisingly, the analysis showed that all four conditions increased with age in both the former football players and in the general population. However, the prevalence of these conditions, or the proportion of individuals who had them, differed significantly between the two groups. In each decade of life, the former athletes were more likely to report that they'd been diagnosed with dementia/Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. For hypertension and diabetes, only the younger players, those aged 25 to 29, reported significantly higher numbers of diagnoses compared with the general population. Importantly, the health span for each former NFL player age group most closely resembled American men a decade older. For example, 66 percent of the former players in the 30 to 39 age group reported an intact health span, compared with 62 percent of men in the general population ages 40 to 49. Searching for game-related aspects that might be important for this premature emergence of aging diseases, the researchers separated data from the former football players group into linemen and non-linemen. This analysis showed that linemen, who experience more contact during games than non-linemen, had notably shorter health spans across all decades of life. This subgroup tended to develop age-related diseases sooner than their non-linemen peers. "We wanted to know: Are professional football players being robbed of their middle age? Our findings suggest that football prematurely weathers them and puts them on an alternate aging trajectory, increasing the prevalence of a variety of diseases of old age," Grashow said. "We need to look not just at the length of life but the quality of life. Professional football players might live as long as men in the general population, but those years could be filled with disability and infirmity." Metabolic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes could have dangerous long-term effects on heart health and cognition that could be mitigated with early diagnosis and treatment, said study senior author Aaron <keyword id="5341431" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="baggish" source="Orion">Baggish</keyword>, director of in-person assessment studies at the Football Players Health Study and former director of Massachusetts General Hospital's Cardiovascular Performance Program, which provides comprehensive cardiac care to athletes. "The duration of one's life is very important, but so too is the quality of one's life," added Baggish, who is currently professor of medicine at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. "This study was conducted to probe the latter and now provides an important perspective on how early-life participation in the great game of football may accelerate the onset of certain common forms of chronic disease." Grashow noted that future studies will focus on the biological mechanisms that give rise to premature ageing among former professional football players, as well as interventions that can help these athletes live healthier lives as they age. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-expands-end-to-end-encryption-to-icloud-in-a-bid-to-make-it-safer-for-vulnerable-profiles-like-celebrities-activists-or-journalists/articleshow/96080515.cms">Apple expands end-to-end encryption to iCloud in a bid to make it safer for vulnerable profiles like celebrities, activists, or journalists</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/best-ai-powered-apps-and-websites-that-will-increase-your-work-experience/articleshow/96051415.cms">Here are some free AI-powered apps and tools to try right now</a>

Football players age faster than others, says a Harvard study

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> benefits of <keyword id="32311" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="running">running</keyword> can include weight loss, better sleep, stronger mental health, improved heart health, and a longer life expectancy. </li><li>Here's how to start running if you're a beginner, along with the best tips to help you achieve the health benefits of running. </li><li>This article <a href="https://www.insider.com/insider-medical-review-board" target="_blank" rel="noopener">was medically reviewed</a> by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/joeythurmanfit/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Joey Thurman</a>, CSCS, CPT, FNS, a Chicago-based <keyword id="18974" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="fitness">fitness</keyword> expert and <a href="https://www.myxfitness.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MYX Fitness</a> coach.</li></ul>Running is one of the best forms of <keyword id="6358589" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="exercise">exercise</keyword> for your overall health. From better sleep to a stronger heart and improved mental health, the health benefits are extensive. And you don't need to be a world-class sprinter or marathon runner. Even a slow and steady jogging pace can help you achieve the following health benefits: <h2>Running may help you lose weight </h2>Running is an especially efficient form of exercise for weight loss because of the calorie- and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730190/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fat-burning advantages</a>. The exact number of calories you burn largely depends on your weight and the intensity of your workout. But, in general, people burn around <a href="https://acewebcontent.azureedge.net/assets/education-resources/lifestyle/fitfacts/pdfs/fitfacts/itemid_2666.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">100 calories for every mile</a> they run. When compared to other types of aerobic exercise (or <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-often-should-you-do-cardio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cardio</a>), running burns many more calories in the same amount of time: <ul><li>In 30 minutes of running, a 160-pound person burns about 450 calories.</li><li>In 30 minutes of walking, a 160-pound person burns about 260 calories.</li><li>In 30 minutes of moderate cycling, a 160-pound person burns about 220 calories.</li></ul>However, keep in mind that as you run more often, your body will become more efficient and you may find that you <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss-plateau/art-20044615" target="_blank" rel="noopener">don't lose as much weight</a> as when you first started running. You'll have to increase your speed and intensity to see the same results. If your goal is weight loss, the best approach is to pair running with a healthy diet to create a calorie deficit. For more information, read about <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-lose-weight" target="_blank" rel="noopener">how to lose weight</a> safely and keep it off. <h2>Running can boost mood </h2>You may have gone on a run and felt your mind clear and tensions ease. That's because exercise increases blood flow and the release of feel-good chemicals like dopamine and endorphins to your brain — which <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27574483/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">helps fight stress</a>. In fact, research published by the <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fhea0000532" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Psychological Association</a> in 2017 suggests that sticking with a running routine in times of stress can lead to greater resilience, leaving you better able to handle life's challenges.Moreover, a 2019 study in the <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2720689" target="_blank" rel="noopener">JAMA Psychiatry Journal</a> found that running can be an effective strategy for preventing depression. The research revealed that replacing inactivity with just 15 minutes of vigorous activity each day — like running — can reduce the risk of depression by roughly 26%.Learn more about the best types of <a href="https://www.insider.com/exercise-for-depression" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exercise for depression</a> and how physical activity can improve mental health. <h2>Running may help you sleep better </h2>There are many reasons why <a href="https://www.insider.com/does-exercise-help-you-sleep" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exercise can help you get a better night's sleep</a>. For example, physical activity releases serotonin, which helps regulate your circadian rhythm and establish regular wake-up and sleep times. <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/exercising-for-better-sleep" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regular exercise also improves slow wave sleep</a>, or deep sleep, which gives your brain and body a chance to rejuvenate overnight.While there's no single best time in the day to run for better sleep, it may be helpful to avoid running too late in the evening so you don't have trouble winding down before bedtime.<h2>Running can improve heart health </h2>Running gets your heart pumping and blood flowing, and in turn makes your heart <a href="https://health.clevelandclinic.org/why-making-your-heart-work-harder-lowers-your-blood-pressure/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">stronger and more efficient</a>. It also protects your long-term cardiac health if you stick with it. For example, a 2014 study in the <a href="https://www.onlinejacc.org/content/64/5/472" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal of the American College of Cardiology</a> found that regular runners had a 45% lower risk of dying from heart-related causes, such as <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-are-the-signs-of-a-heart-attack" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a heart attack</a> or <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-is-a-stroke" target="_blank" rel="noopener">stroke</a>, over a 15-year period. Read more about the best types of <a href="https://www.insider.com/exercise-for-heart-health" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exercise for heart health and how to create a heart-healthy workout routine.</a> <h2>Running may help you live longer</h2>Some research has also found a positive connection between running and an extended life expectancy. A 2019 <a href="https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/25/bjsports-2018-100493" target="_blank" rel="noopener">British Journal of Sports Medicine</a> meta-analysis found that running lowered the risk of early death by 27%, including a 23% lower risk of death from cancer. Even more encouraging, regular runners were found to live approximately <a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/run-long-life-2017052411722" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three years longer</a> than non-runners.<h2>Tips for beginners </h2>If you're not already a regular runner, it's not too late to get started. When you're first starting out, you should build your endurance with a brisk walking program of 20 to 30 minutes daily, says <a href="https://www.massgeneral.org/heart-center/doctors/17939/Aaron-Baggish" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aaron Baggish</a>, director of the Cardiovascular Performance Program at Massachusetts General Hospital and medical director for the Boston Marathon. When this feels comfortable, Baggish says to introduce two-to-three minute bouts of jogging into your walk. Depending on your level of fitness, this can be as soon as after the first week of walking. Ultimately, the goal should be to string together 20 to 30 consecutive minutes of conversation-paced jogging, five days per week. It might even be helpful to run with a partner, who can hold you accountable and make the exercise feel more enjoyable. Or, you may enjoy a solitary run. Feel free to plug in headphones and listen to music or a podcast, which can help you pass the time. Here are a couple tips to keep in mind to help you hit the pavement safely:<ul><li>Incorporate rest days. All forms of moderate-to-high intensity physical activity, like running, tax your muscles and bones, says Baggish. To realize the health benefits of exercise and to avoid injury, at least one to two rest days per week are required to allow appropriate healing and <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-get-rid-of-sore-muscles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">get rid of sore muscles</a>. </li><li>Stretch. Include a warm-up before each run to loosen your muscles and a cool down afterwards to safely lower your heart rate. A good warm-up incorporates dynamic stretching, where you can move instead of holding a static stretch — think leg swings and arm circles. And cooling down can be as simple as slowing your pace down to a walk when you finish your run.</li><li>Don't try to run too fast. You may get unnecessarily discouraged if you tire yourself out quickly because you're trying to do too much too soon. Easing into things will also help you prevent common running injuries like shin splints, stress fractures, or knee pain.</li><li>Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water before, during, and after your run. This will regulate your body temperature and restore much-needed energy to your body's cells.</li></ul><h2 id="related-articles-from-health-reference:">Related articles from <a href="https://www.insider.com/health-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Health Reference</a>:</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/benefits-of-push-ups">The health benefits of push-ups and how to do them correctly to get the most out of your workout</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/benefits-of-jumping-rope">5 health benefits of jumping rope and helpful tips for beginners from celebrity trainer Jillian Michaels</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-do-suspension-training-exercises">How to do suspension training exercises at home to get a full-body workout</a></li></ul>

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Football players age faster than others, says a Harvard study

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5 health benefits of running and how you can get started

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