Research Institute (<keyword id="20370739" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cmfri" source="keywords">CMFRI</keyword>) have successfully deciphered the genome of the <keyword id="23138296" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="asian-green-mussel" source="Orion">Asian green mussel</keyword> (Perna viridis), a discovery poised to revolutionise the understanding of this vital <keyword id="662896" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="marine-species" source="Orion">marine species</keyword>. This is the first-ever <keyword id="184804" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chromosome" source="Orion">chromosome</keyword> level genome sequencing of a marine invertebrate species from India.<br /><br />Earlier, CMFRI had come out with a similar genome finding for Indian oil sardine. The Asian green mussel, Kallummakkaya in local parlance, is an important aquaculture species in the family Mytilidae contributing substantially to molluscan aquaculture.<br /><br />CMFRI's research found that the mussel's genome contains 723.49 Mb in size and is anchored into 15 chromosomes, according to a CMFRI release here on Thursday. The research was published in the journal <em>Scientific Data</em> by Nature Group.<br /><br />"The development will be a game-changer in boosting sustainable mussel aquaculture in the country, as this research will help gain insights into its growth, reproduction and disease resistance", said Dr Grinson George, Director of CMFRI. The findings will benefit the aquaculture sector by improving genomic selection and breeding practices, leading to enhanced productivity and resilience in fisheries, he added.<br /><br />A team of researchers from CMFRI led by Principal Scientist Dr Sandhya Sukumaran carried out this study with funding support from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi. The team includes Dr A Gopalakrishnan, V G Vysakh, Dr Wilson Sebastian, Dr Lalitha Hari Dharani, Dr Akhilesh Pandey, Dr Abishek Kumar and Dr J K Jena. According to scientists, this will help develop new strategies to combat diseases in the mussel.<br /><br />"Genomic investigations on this species are vital to understand genes, gene combinations and signaling pathways leading to the parasitic diseases, which constitute a major threat to Asian green mussel aquaculture in India causing substantial mortalities in farms," said Dr Sandhya Sukumaran. According to the scientists, the genome assembly of green mussels will emerge as a valuable tool for exploring <keyword id="6355291" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cancer" source="Orion">cancer</keyword> mechanisms and developing new therapeutic strategies.<br /><br />"A total of 49654 protein-coding genes were identified, including 634 genes associated with the cancer pathway and 408 genes associated with viral carcinogenesis. This indicates that this species is a novel model organism for cancer research," Sukumaran said.<br /><br />This advancement promises to significantly enhance our understanding of cancer pathways and facilitate the discovery of novel treatments, she added. Apart from its aquaculture prospects, Asian green mussels play a vital role as a bio-monitor as it is capable of accumulating heavy metals and other environmental pollutants in large quantities. Understanding the genome assembly will provide valuable information about the genomic pathways involved in response to pollutants.<br /><br />"The genetic markers to be developed from this research could be used to monitor pollutants in aquatic bodies, a significant milestone in safeguarding the aquatic environment," Sandhya said.<br /><br />Scientists believe that the genome decoding of this species would enhance knowledge regarding the effect of environmental pollutants on biological systems, as this bivalve is adaptable to local environmental stressors like variations in pH, temperature, salinity and air exposure.

CMFRI scientists crack genetic code of Asian green mussel

<p><span>Travelers love to eat. That's why, every year in our Readers' Choice Survey, we ask our readers to rate the U.S. cities that have the best restaurants. This year, we were surprised by some of the winners in our Top 20. We think you will be too. Agree with their picks? Disagree? Want to see your favorite foodie city in the winner's circle next year? Vote in the next Readers' Choice Survey at </span><a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/vote/readers-choice-survey-2014" target="_blank">cntraveler.com/vote</a><span>.</span></p>
<h2>10. BOSTON</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 83.1</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5367cd72eab8ea5f1bc44727-1200-924/o-ya-boston-2.jpg" border="0" alt="o ya, Boston" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jmh-pics/5625252797">Flickr/jmh-pics</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>While history may associate Boston dining with such old-school (and often bland) dishes as brown bread, baked beans, and clam chowder, there's been a changing of the guards in recent years. Chefs who have spent years studying under the city's most notable cooks are breaking out and opening up their own joints, which couple upscale eats with laidback vibes. In the South End, <a href="http://www.merrillandcoboston.com/" target="_blank">Merrill &amp; Co.</a> promotes sharing plates of fried oysters in a squid ink aioli, cast iron mussels with red curry and ginger, and pork belly with baby carrots and za'atar. In Harvard Square, <a href="http://aldenharlow.com/" target="_blank">Alden &amp; Harlow</a>(pictured) does the gastropub trend proud with a 'secret' burger that is packing crowds in. While in Downtown Crossing, <a href="http://www.themerchantboston.com/" target="_blank">The Merchant</a> is putting a New England spin on the American brasserie, serving up everything from green curry mussels to fish and chips into the wee hours of the morning. -Jennifer M. Wood</div>
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<h2>9. HEALDSBURG, CA</h2>
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<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 83.6</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d36c1ecad049e183e69c5-931-698/willis-seafood-and-raw-bar-healdsburg.png" border="0" alt="Willi's Seafood &amp; Raw Bar healdsburg" /><p class="source"><span>Willi's Seafood &amp; Raw Bar</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Ask any twenty- or thirty-something in the Bay Area to name their favorite city in California wine country, and chances are you'll hear <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2013/12/healdsburg-sonoma-county-day-trip-san-francisco">Healdsburg</a>'s name. Like the locals, the food scene is friendly and welcoming, with an impressive range of creative talent for such a small place. <a href="http://chalkboardhealdsburg.com/">Chalkboard</a> has a contemporary vibe and house-made pastas with accents like duck fat breadcrumbs. And <a href="http://healdsburgshed.com/eat/shed-cafe/">SHED Café</a> (pictured) serves delightfully simple and seasonal brunches in an airy, indoor-outdoor setting. -Stacy Adimando</div>
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<h2>8. SANTA FE</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 84.2</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d2cdf69beddef4f3e69c0-775-581/santa fe compound.jpg" border="0" alt="Santa Fe " /><p class="source"><span>Compound</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>An introduction to New Mexican cuisine usually starts with a declaration of allegiance: green chile or red chile? Start by sampling both at <a href="http://www.sfshed.com/home.html">The Shed</a>, a James Beard Award-winning restaurant that's been managed by the same family since 1953, and serves some of the city's best chicken enchiladas, wrapped in blue corn tortillas and smothered in red and green chile sauce. But the Santa Fe experience has grown beyond the chile war to embrace fusion fare: Mark Kiffin's<a href="http://www.compoundrestaurant.com/">Compound</a> (pictured) blends Southwestern and Mediterranean flavors, while <a href="http://restaurantmartin.com/">Restaurant Martín</a> dishes out 'progressive American cuisine'-Southwestern and Asian influences with French technique. -Laura Dannen Redman</div>
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<h2>7. CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA, CA</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 85.0</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d33036bb3f7a82c3e69be-929-697/carmel-by-the-sea-restaurant.png" border="0" alt="Carmel By The Sea restaurant" /><p class="source"><span>Forge In the Forest Restaurant</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>This coast city's quaint downtown area is a perfectly walkable size, which means you can cover a lot of ground (and some notable restaurant newcomers) in just one weekend. <a href="http://www.mundakacarmel.com/">Mundaka</a>, a Spanish tapas bar, has a rotating paella of the day and a new, next-door café pouring Ritual coffee. The attentive staff at Akaoni (24381 San Juan Rd, 831-620-1516) serves top-quality, traditional sushi, and <a href="http://www.labicycletterestaurant.com/">La Bicycletta</a> spins out inventive thin crust pizzas with combos like butternut squash and speck. Some say the three are among the best spots to dine in all of Monterey County. -Stacy Adimando</div>
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<h2>6. CHICAGO</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 85.0</h3>
<div><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d2deb69bedd2a5a3e69be-900-675/l2o-chicago-restaurant-1.jpg" border="0" alt="L2O chicago restaurant" /><p class="source"><span><a href="http://l2orestaurant.com/#!gallery">L2O</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>The Second City's food scene has never been hotter, thanks to a healthy ratio of stalwart restaurateurs-notably <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/chicago/2013/07/chef-paul-kahan-best-restaurants-chicago-071213">Paul Kahan</a> (posh Italian spot <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/02/nico-osteria-italian-restaurant-chicago" target="_blank">Nico Osteria</a>(pictured) is his newest; perennial New American favorite <a href="http://blackbirdrestaurant.com/" target="_blank">Blackbird</a> is his calling card) and <a href="http://www.hogsalt.com/" target="_blank">Brendan Sodikoff</a> (High Five Ramen opens in May; flattop burger joint <a href="http://auchevalchicago.com/" target="_blank">Au Cheval</a> is the favorite)-and a smattering of ethnic eateries reflecting the city's diversity. In this town, to-die-for taquerias like <a href="https://www.facebook.com/LPATRONTACOS" target="_blank">L'Patron</a> are just as popular as molecular-gastronomic mainstays like <a href="https://www.nextrestaurant.com/" target="_blank">Next</a>.-Lauren Viera</div>
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<h2>5. NEW ORLEANS</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 85.4</h3>
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<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d2e3eeab8eace563e69bc-935-701/galatoires-restaurant-new-orleans-1.jpeg" border="0" alt="Galatoire's restaurant, New Orleans" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://twitter.com/Galatoires_NO/status/429314365745930240/photo/1">Twitter/@Galatoires_NO</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>This food-obsessed city is constantly redefining its local flavor, perfecting </span><a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/04/best-desserts-by-region_slideshow_BEIGNETS_4">beignets</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> and gumbo while experimenting with the latest from nearby farms. New French Quarter restaurant Eat serves comfort food-chicken and dumplings, red beans and rice, fried green tomatoes-with the freshest ingredients; while Isaac Toups proves he's a master of Gulf shrimp, dirty rice and pork skin cracklins at </span><a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/01/best-pho-new-orleans-louisiana">Toup's Meatery</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">. Pork paradise </span><a href="http://www.cochonrestaurant.com/">Cochon</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> (pictured) delivers traditional Cajun fare in a renovated warehouse in the Lower Garden District. And we'll follow creative Chef Ian Schnoebelen from fine-dining restaurant Iris, which (sadly) closes in May, to his Italian-inspired </span><a href="http://marizaneworleans.com/">Mariza</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> in the Bywater.</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> -Laura Dannen Redman</span></p>
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<h2>4. CHARLESTON, SC</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 86.0</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5367b5c3ecad04d55dc4472c-720-487/58628_159581247387288_1662047_n.jpg" border="0" alt="Husk restaurant, Charleston" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/HuskRestaurant">Facebook/HuskRestaurant</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Our readers' <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/readers-choice-awards/united-states/best-cities-america_slideshow_item9_10">favorite city in America</a> (and the one they also voted <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2013/07/travel-us-cities-charleston-newark-branson-friendly-unfriendly">the friendliest</a>) has gone way beyond standard-issue Southern in recent years, with restaurant creativity to rival much larger cities' and, in the form of <a href="http://charleston.eater.com/">a local edition of the food blog Eater</a>, the discriminating diners that go with it. New restaurants like <a href="http://eattheordinary.com/">The Ordinary</a> (pictured)-where local oysters are shucked inside a former bank vault-and <a href="http://xiaobaobiscuit.com/">Xiao Bao Biscuit</a>-where Lowcountry riffs make Asian recipes sing-prove that the trendsetting <a href="http://www.huskrestaurant.com/home/">Husk</a>-while still a winner-is far from the only game in this electric eating town. -Paul Brady</div>
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<h2>3. SAN FRANCISCO</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 86.5</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d2efeeab8ea42583e69bc-1006-754/zuni-cafe-san-francisco-1.png" border="0" alt="Zuni Cafe, San Francisco" /><p class="source"><span>Google Earth</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>There's no doubt SF has earned its reputation as one of the <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/food/2013/07/best-new-restaurants-2013/san-francisco">top food cities</a> in the U.S., thanks to culinary destinatons like the 18-course seasonal-fare spot<a href="http://saisonsf.com/">Saison</a> (which started out as a pop-up) and off-duty-chefs' favorite <a href="http://richtablesf.com/">Rich Table</a>. But to experience the rustic, farm-to-table dining that helped put it on the map, have lunch at <a href="http://www.delfinasf.com/">Delfina Pizzeria</a>. Start with young fried favas or Sonoma-derived duck conserva with giardiniera, and don't miss the housemade fennel sausage pie, which comes out perfectly charred and bubbly. Speaking of pie, head to the unfussy corner spot <a href="http://missionpie.com/">Mission Pie</a>(pictured) for dessert. Plop down with a rhubarb-filled slice and do an hour of people watching among the hipster patrons. -Stacy Adimando</div>
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<h2> </h2>
<h2>2. NAPA</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 87.1</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d314969beddc7643e69c5-930-695/slide1-84.jpg" border="0" alt="Press restaurant napa valley" /><p class="source"><span>Press</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>It wasn't always a foodie destination, but locals will tell you the food scene across Napa Valley (which is loosely collected into a "city" for our Readers' Choice Survey) is improving every day. Of course, it started with a bang, thanks to Thomas Keller's <a href="http://www.frenchlaundry.com/">French Laundry</a>. And now, there's plenty more to taste. To experience a new world example, eat at the bar at <a href="http://www.goosegander.com/">Goose and Gander</a> (pictured). The dim-lit pub-like interior is a fun contrast to the bright, fresh food and exquisite seasonal cocktail list by Scott Beattie. Don't miss out on the more classic fare, like <a href="http://www.themodelbakery.com/">Model Bakery</a>'s light as air English muffins, a dream come true when slathered with butter.-Stacy Adimando</div>
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<h2> </h2>
<h2>1. NEW YORK CITY</h2>
<h3>Readers' Choice Rating: 87.3</h3>
<div id="slideshow-description-outer">
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/536d31aa6bb3f7d62f3e69bc-1065-798/abc-kitchen.jpg" border="0" alt="ABC Kitchen " /><p class="source"><span>Emma Chao</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>It's no surprise that New York landed in the No. 1 spot on our readers' list of America's top food cities. This is, after all, a city of culinary experts and of culinary upstarts. It's the foodie mecca where other chefs come to learn to be chefs, and where regular citizens learn to be food critics. This is where <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2012/03/lucky-peach-david-chang-guide-to-international-restaurants" target="_blank">David Chang</a>, April Bloomfield, <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2013/06/travel-habits-routine-chef-daniel-boulud-060213" target="_blank">Daniel Boulud</a>, Wylie Dufresne, <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/02/chef-bill-telepan-tapas-nyc-restaurants" target="_blank">Bill Telepan</a>, <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2013/12/celebrity-christmas-gift-ideas" target="_blank">Tom Colicchio</a>, and <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2012/06/chef-marcus-samuelsson-food-predictions-afghani-cuisine" target="_blank">Marcus Samuelsson</a> ply their trades. This is where you can eat burgers at Shake Shack, indulge in authentic <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/03/chef-eli-sussman-queens-curry-bun-ker" target="_blank">curry in Queens</a>, and throw back oysters and cocktails at <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/02/hurricane-brooklyn-cocktail-bar-maison-premiere" target="_blank">Maison Premiere</a>. But it's not all about famous chefs in this town-it's about authentic international cuisine and small mom-and-pop kitchens too. Oh, and <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/04/best-desserts-by-region_slideshow_BLACK-AND-WHITE-COOKIES_5">desserts</a>. It's definitely about <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/new-york/2013/05/jacques-torres-new-york-chocolate-factory-tour">dessert</a>. After all, this is the town where the cronut was created. -Billie Cohen</p>
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<li><a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/05/best-new-hotels-with-bars?mbid=synd_bi">The Best Hotel Bars in the World</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/05/etihad-rolls-out-new-class-flying-apartments?mbid=synd_bi">This is What a "Flying Apartment" Looks Like</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/daily-traveler/2014/05/mount-mabu-mozambique-maphead-ken-jennings?mbid=synd_bi">How Google Earth Led to the Discovery of a Long-Lost Forest </a></li>
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The 10 Best American Cities For Foodies

The inside story of how a Danish superstar chef opened an outpost of one of the world's best restaurants in Australia - and sold 5,600 tickets in just 35 minutes

You Searched For "asian green mussel" and got 3 results

CMFRI scientists crack genetic code of Asian green mussel

PTI

The 10 Best American Cities For Foodies

Condé Nast Traveler

The inside story of how a Danish superstar chef opened an outpost of one of the world's best restaurants in Australia - and sold 5,600 tickets in just 35 minutes

Tienlon Ho and Mark Mahaney, California Sunday