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Article 370 of the Indian Constitution is a temporary provision that grants a special status of autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 was enacted under part XXI of the constitution that pertains to "Temporary, Transitional and Special provisions". Article 370 accords special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. As per this article, all the different provisions of the constitution that are applicable to other states of India are not to be extended to Jammu and Kashmir. How and when Article 370 came about? The provision of Article 370 was drafted in the year 1947 by Sheikh Abdullah, who was appointed as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir together by Jawaharlal Nehru and Maharaja Hari Singh. During a discussion in the Parliament, Sheikh Abdullah argued that Article 370 must never be kept under the temporary provisions of the Constitution. He insisted that Jammu and Kashmir must be granted what he described as ‘iron clad autonomy’. However, the center did not comply with this demand. The provisions contained in Article 370 Article 370 exempts the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Indian Constitution excepting in cases of Article 1 and Article 370 itself. The provisions of article 370 permit the state to draft its own constitution. Ultimately this means that the Parliament’s legislative powers are restricted with regard to Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 states that the parliament will need the concurrence of the state government of Jammu and Kashmir for applying any law in the state other than those related to defense, foreign affairs, communications and finance. This will mean that the residents of the state of Jammu and Kashmir are governed by a separate set of laws in matters of property ownership, fundamental rights, citizenship and some others when compared to the Indians living in other states. As per the provisions contained in Article 370, the citizens of India from the other states of the country cannot purchase any property or land in Jammu and Kashmir. Also, this article says the central government has no powers to declare any financial emergency in the state as per Article 360. Emergencies in Jammu and Kashmir can be declared only during the times of external aggression or wars. If there are any internal disturbances within the state or there are any instances of imminent dangers, the central government cannot declare an emergency in the state unless the state government concedes to the moves of the union government. Under Article 370, the Union government cannot increase or decrease the borders of Jammu and Kashmir. Is it possible to delete Article 370? Article 370 permits deletion through a presidential order. Such an order must be however preceded by the concurrence of the constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. One view says that this article cannot be deleted since such an assembly was dissolved in 1957. Another view says that it can be deleted if the state assembly concedes to deleting it.

What is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution and why it is in news today - Everything that you should know

Shortly after the Narendra Modi government has taken charge of the country’s governance during the second consecutive term, some major and unprecedented legislatures have been made successful. In yet another most shocking as well as surprising move, the government has announced its decision to repeal the constitutional provision ‘<keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword>’. Though some important provisions of Article 370 have been diluted over the past, the present stricter move to revoke this key provision might bring in some significant changes in the face of Kashmir according to experts. An overview of Article 370 Article 370 has granted a special and exclusively unique status to the state of Kashmir. As per this provision, the central government will need the concurrence of the state government for applying any laws in the state excepting the ones related to defense, finance, communication and foreign affairs. A separate set of laws for the residents Article 370 means that the residents of Kashmir will be governed by a separate set of laws including those that pertain to property ownership, fundamental rights, and citizenship. By virtue of the provisions contained in Article 370, no Indian citizens who do not reside in Kashmir can purchase a land or property in the state of Kashmir. Emergency can’t be declared As per the Article 370, the central government cannot declare financial emergency in Kashmir under the Article 360. Emergency can only be declared in Kashmir when there is an external aggression or war. Special and autonomous status to Kashmir Article 370 is found under Part XXI of the Constitution of India which is connected to granting special autonomous powers to <keyword id="17605" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword> namely “Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions”. Thus, the main objective of the article is to grant a special status to Kashmir. The constitutional provisions that are applicable to the other parts of India are not applicable to Kashmir. The implications of repealing Article 370 Repealing of Article 370 will remove the special status of Kashmir that makes it a distinctive state in India. Once this special status has been scrapped, Indian from anywhere in India can buy property and also settle in Kashmir without any restrictions whatsoever. This situation has triggered fears in the minds of Kashmiris that the present move could bring about a demographic change in the state from a Muslim majority state to a Hindu majority state. Kashmir will become just like any other state in India The resolution moved in the Rajya Sabha recommends that the Parliament of India makes an official notification duly approved and signed by the President of India connected to the repealing of Article 370. It says, “In exercise of the powers conferred by Clause (3) of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, the President, on the recommendation of Parliament, is pleased to declare that as on 5 of August, 2019, all clauses of the said Article 370 shall cease to be operative except Clause (1) thereof…” The prospects awaited after this momentous and bold move A senior leader in BJP Arun Jaitley said, “The decision of the government will help the people of Jammu and Kashmir the most. More investment, more industry, more private educational institutions, more jobs and more revenue will come.

What will change in Jammu & Kashmir after the end of Article 370

Amidst tumultuous uproar as well as strong criticisms, the BJP government headed by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi took some bold steps with regard to the status of governance in the valley of Jammu and Kashmir. The government has now decided to roll back the Article 370 and Article 35(A). Repealing these two articles will scrap the special status and exclusive powers enjoyed by the State of Kashmir. This will mean that Kashmir will come in par with all the other states and will be governed by the same laws that govern the rest of India. The implications of removing 35(A) could mean some significant changes effected to the face of Jammu and Kashmir. Overview of Article 35(A) As per the provisions contained in Article 35(A), the state government heading Jammu and Kashmir can define who the permanent residents of the state are. This article came into force earlier following the Constitution (Application to J&amp;K) order, 1954, which was passed by Rajendra Prasad, the then president on the advice of the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Definition of permanent resident of Kashmir At the time of adopting the article 35(A) in 1956, the state’s constitution defined the term ‘permanent resident’ as someone who was the subject of the state as on May 14, 1954, or the one who had been the resident of the state for more than 10 years and has acquired an immovable property through legal means. What the article 35(A) implied The clauses contained in the Article 35(A) would bar anyone from outside Jammu and Kashmir (who is not a permanent resident) from getting a state job or owning a property in the state. This article is also known as permanent residents’ law. Yet another important provision of article 35(A) deprives the state’s female residents’ right to property if they get married to an outsider. This provision will eventually extend to the children born to such a female. What has changed now in Kashmir? After the repealing of Article 35(A), Kashmir will no longer enjoy any special status or powers. In response to the proposal by Amit Shah, President Ram Nath Kovind issued the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019, stating that the provisions of the Indian Constitution will henceforth be applicable to J&amp;K. The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 takes effect "at once", and shall "supersede the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954". The promulgation issued by the President observes, "All the provisions of the Constitution shall apply in relation to the state of Jammu and Kashmir." The order also added that in the proviso to clause (3) of Article 370, the term "Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause (2)" will henceforth read as "Legislative Assembly of the State". Kashmir comes on par with any other state in India. The present legislative moves by the central government has scrapped the special status and powers to the state of Kashmir. Henceforth, all the laws that govern the other states of India will come to govern the state of Kashmir also.

Article 35A - What will change in Jammu Kashmir after the end of Article 35 A

<ul><li>As many as 22 bills are to be tabled this session, which intends to protect women, senior citizens, and transgenders and turn adoption easier. </li><li> Added to that, the most discussed bill that will be tabled will be that of data protection that has been buzzing ever since the Aadhar scandal broke out. </li><li>The Narendra Modi-led government is on a warpath to amend many laws this winter session.</li><li> Some of them intend to modernize laws with changing times and empower the central government. </li></ul> After passing 28 bills in the budget session of the Parliament including the controversial abrogation of <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword>, the Narendra Modi-led government is on a warpath to amend many laws this winter session. Some of them intend to modernize laws with changing times and empower the central government. As many as 22 bills are to be tabled this session, which intends to protect women, senior citizens, and transgenders and turn adoption easier. Added to that, the most discussed bill that will be tabled will be that of data protection that has been buzzing ever since the Aadhar scandal broke out. The winter parliament will seek a way to end the many river disputes between states. However, the winter session also has controversial bills which can empower the central government to cancel an OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) card. Here is a list of major bills to be introduced in the Winter Session of Parliament The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019 It protects the rights of transgender persons and provides for their welfare. <keyword id="250148" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="The-Bill">The Bill</keyword> was introduced in the Lok Sabha on July 19,2019 and passed by the Lok Sabha on August 5. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 The bills bans commercial surrogacy in India. Constitutes the National Surrogacy Board and respective State Surrogacy Boards to regulate the practise of surrogacy. Introduced in Lok Sabha on July 15, 2019 and passed by the Lok Sabha on August 5. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2019 The bill empowers the District Magistrate instead of the Court to reduce delays for receiving adoption order. The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The Bill aims to make life easier for senior citizens by amending the existing act to make it contemporary as per the changing socio-economic needs. The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 The Bill if it turns into a law will protect and regulate all aspects of personal data, and promote the growth of digital economy. The Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import,Export, Sale, Distribution, Storage and Advertisement) Bill, 2019 It will replace an ordinance and prohibit the production, manufacture, import, export, sale, distribution, storage and advertisement of e-cigarettes, vaping products and similar devices. The Healthcare service personnel and Clinical Establishments (Prohibition of violence and damage to the property) bill, 2019 It will prohibit violence against healthcare service personnel, and damage or loss of property of clinical establishments. The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Amends the definition of illegal migrant, reduces the residency requirement to obtain Indian citizenship through naturalisation, and empowers the central government to cancel the registration of an Overseas CItizen of India (OCI) card. The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2019 It repeals the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 and sets up a National Commission to regulate the education and practise of Indian systems of medicine. It was introduced on Jan 7, 2019 in Rajya Sabha. A standing committee report is pending on the matter. The Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial (Amendment Bill, 2019 It removes the president of the Indian National Congress as a trustee and empowers the central government to remove nominated members. Introduced in Lok Sabha on July 8, 2019, and passed by the Lok Sabha on August 2. The Dam Safety Bill, 2019 As the country suffered through many floods this year, the bill intends to manage its dams better. The Bill provides for the surveillance, inspection, operation and maintenance of specified dams across the country. It was introduced in the Lok Sabha on July 29, 2019 and passed by it on August 2. The Inter-State River Water Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2019 It provides for a permanent tribunal with multiple benches and a Dispute Resolution Committee for adjudication of inter-state river water disputes. It was introduced in the Lok Sabha on July 25, 2019 and passed by the Lok Sabha on July 31. The Arms (Amendment) Bill, 2019- Amends the <keyword id="7183713" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Arms-Act-1959">Arms Act, 1959</keyword> to enable the law enforcement machinery to curb crimes related to illegal arms. The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2019 Establishes the National Board, the state boards and the National Registry to regulate and supervise assisted reproductive technology clinics. Establishes assisted reproductive technology banks to prevent misuse and promote ethical practices. The Aircraft (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The bill intends to meet the recommended standards and practices laid down by ICAO for the safety and security oversight function. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulations) Amendment Bill, 2019 Amends section 5(1), section 6(1), and section 17A (2A) of MMDR Act, 1957 to remove the requirement of prior approval of the central government before the grant of a mining lease. The National River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and Management) Bill, 2019 It prescribes measures to prevent, control and abate pollution in the river Ganga and ensure its continuous and adequate flow.

Here is a list of major bills to be introduced in the Winter Session of Parliament

<ul><li>Chinese President <keyword id="191809" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Xi-Jinping">Xi Jinping</keyword> will visit India from October 11 to 12.</li><li>This is the 2nd informal summit between Modi and Xi</li><li>The first one was held last year at the Chinese city of Wuhan, which enabled the two countries to normalise the relations on all fronts after the 73-day standoff between the two militaries at Doklam in 2017. </li></ul>Chinese President Xi Jinping will visit India from October 11 to 12 to take part in the 2nd informal summit with Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> during which they are expected to hold comprehensive talks on a host of issues concerning the bilateral relations and exchange views on regional and international issues. Xi will attend the second informal meeting with Modi at Mamallapuram near Chennai from October 11 to 12 and pay a state visit to Nepal on October 13, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying announced on Wednesday. This is the 2nd informal summit between Modi and Xi. The first one was held last year at the Chinese city of Wuhan, which enabled the two countries to normalise the relations on all fronts after the 73-day standoff between the two militaries at Doklam in 2017. The standoff took place over the Chinese military's plan to build a road close to the narrow Siliguri corridor also known as Chicken Neck corridor connecting the North-Eastern states. The standoff ended with both sides withdrawing from the standoff site after the Chinese military called off its road building plans. The Wednesday's announcement about Xi's visit to India by <keyword id="1334" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="China">China</keyword>, coincides with the ongoing visit of Pakistan Prime Minister <keyword id="14676" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Imran-Khan">Imran Khan</keyword> and its Army Chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa. Khan who arrived on Tuesday held talks with Premier Li Keqiang and expected to meet Xi on Wednesday. Khan's visit is taking place at a time when tensions have spiked between Pakistan and India after New Delhi ended the special status of Jammu and Kashmir on August 5. Ahead of Xi's visit, China on Tuesday however, said the Kashmir issue should be resolved between New Delhi and Islamabad, significantly omitting its recent references to the UN and UN Security Council resolutions. Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang's comments marked a significant shift on what China has been saying on Kashmir in recent weeks in the aftermath of India's move to revoke <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword> of the Constitution removing the special status to Kashmir.

Chinese Premiere Xi Jinping to visit India from October 11-12

<ul><li>Three major films – <keyword id="198679" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Haider">Haider</keyword>, Fanaa and Mission Kashmir – offer a more nuanced look at the most militarised zone in the world than Indian history books. </li><li>the New Delhi board-designed syllabus of the Indian Council of School Examinations did not mention the special status of the state of <a href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/kashmir" class="link-text">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, the only Muslim-majority state in <a href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/india" class="link-text">India</a></li></ul> In school, the New Delhi board-designed syllabus of the Indian Council of School Examinations did not mention the special status of the state of <a href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/kashmir" class="link-text">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, the only Muslim-majority state in <a href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/india" class="link-text">India</a>.There are separate Indian state boards as well. I studied under a central board. We did not learn about the circumstances under which the state joined the Indian Union, nor that Kashmir is the most militarised zone in the world in terms of the number of armed forces personnel per square km of territory. Through my school years in the 1990s, there were news stories from the state about blasts and killings and terrorists, seemingly always about violence. Did they delve into the background of the anger? I don’t know because I did not go beyond the headlines. There was a sameness and one-sidedness to them – invariably images of fire and guns and empty streets – that never invoked interest. When the television news business arrived in a big way in India, this impression was amplified – Hollywood action movie-style visuals of gunfire and explosions and people running for cover, or reporters reporting amid the silence of empty streets patrolled by army men with enormous guns strapped to their bodies. Bombast with no context. This is unsurprising, because journalists’ access to the Valley is mediated through the army, making them structurally dependent on the armed forces and predisposing them to be favourable to their perspective. When <a href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/narendra-modi" class="link-text">Narendra Modi</a> ran for prime minister in 2014, his Bharatiya Janata Party’s manifesto promised that <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword>, which spelt out the special conditions under which the province joined the Indian Union at the time of Independence, would be removed. For a populace that was, like me, mostly unaware of its content, it was easy to latch on to simplified nuggets such as the fact that Kashmir does not allow land to be sold to Indians from other states. It sounds like a concession made to a Muslim-majority state but this land restriction exists in several states in India, and is important to prevent heedless development in ecologically sensitive areas. Strange as it may sound, it is the <a href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2184614/triumph-modi-propaganda-bollywood" class="link-text">Hindi film industry</a> that has taught me the little I understand about the anger in Kashmir, about the “special” powers of the armed forces stationed there and the “special” consequences they inflicted. Three Bollywood films in particular have left an impact – Haider (2014), Fanaa(2006) and Mission Kashmir (2000). There have been several indie films, extremely well-regarded, but I choose to focus on the big-budget, big star projects of the film industry because these arguably had the widest release and reach. Haider is a reworking of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, set in the “rotten state” of Kashmir in place of Denmark. The setting is much more central to the drama here than it is in Hamlet where the rottenness of Denmark was expressed only in the suspicious death of the king. Here, politics is central to Haider’s father’s disappearance from Kashmir. We never know for certain if he is alive or dead, and this, as we see in the film, is the situation that many Kashmiri families find themselves in. <h3 style="margin-bottom: 1.42857rem; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.71429rem; line-height: 2.35714rem; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; display: inherit;"> </h3>The evocative term half-widow has arisen from this waiting without end – this is the status of Haider’s mother and many other wives who don’t know what has become of their husbands. In the uncertainty about his father (and the many fathers and brothers and sons who have been taken into custody by the forces in Kashmir and never returned), Haider (and Kashmir) is going mad. Gravediggers sing songs, they are so inured to death. Citizens hesitate to enter their own homes without a pat-down security check, they are so conditioned to being checked. Mothers beg that their sons are sent away from them because they are so afraid of losing them to the insurgency or to the limitless powers of the Indian army. Most of all, the film articulates the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) that the Indian government has imposed on the Valley, how terrifying it is when men with guns have boundless power and no one to question them. Rapes and disappearances ensue, and there is no need to answer what happened because Afspa gives you “special powers”. “Do we exist or do we not”, the film asks in a haunting choral crescendo reminding us of that original line in Hamlet, “to be or not to be”. In Fanaa (2006), a blind Kashmiri woman and a terrorist fall in love with each other during India’s Independence Day celebrations in Delhi. He is there to carry out a blast and she to dance at the national celebration: classical opposites, the nationalist and the revolutionary. After the blast, the terrorist disappears because he comes to the realisation that he would put the woman in danger because of his work. The nationalist’s blindness means she cannot locate him. Years later, fate returns him to her doorstep in Kashmir and the two reconcile briefly before she hands him over to the Indian national forces. Fanaa is nowhere near as compelling or thought-provoking as Haider, it is simply a star-crossed romance set in Kashmir. But it ends on a pointedly ambiguous note. When the couple’s son asks the mother why his father was a terrorist, she replies that he did what he thought was right. The film clearly argues that the terrorist is misguided by malevolent forces yet it refrains from making a moral call on the terrorist’s actions. Mission Kashmir (2000) is about a powerful policeman whose son dies when militants forbid doctors from treating the child. In an episode of poetic justice, the policeman kills a boy’s family in an encounter and adopts the traumatised boy. This encounter is likely carried out with the vast powers granted to Indian forces under the Afspa, certainly no questions are asked of the policeman after the encounter. But the man himself is hollowed by remorse, especially at the sight of the boy who lived. He becomes a terrorist, determined to avenge his family’s gruesome end. That classic divide is set up again, terrorist against dutiful nationalist in a land where loyalties are sharply divided. Eventually, the terrorist comes around to the Indian nation’s view, that Islamist groups are provoking young men like him to divide India. Like Haider, Mission Kashmir questions the actions of Indian forces in Kashmir, though the conclusions the two films come to are different. The policeman’s remorse suggests that the Indian state has a lot to think about and apologise for, that the unchecked power that it has granted its forces leads to <a href="https://www.scmp.com/thisweekinasia/topics/human-rights" class="link-text">human rights</a> violation that feeds the insurgency in the Valley. Haider on the other indicts the Indian state for unleashing this unapologetic, shameless military strength on the Valley. Incidentally, Mission Kashmir is made by a director who is from Kashmir himself. Haider, similarly, is written by Basharat Peer who is also a Kashmiri and has written a highly-acclaimed book on Kashmir called Curfewed Night. Both films are informed by a lived perspective of Kashmir. On August 8, 2019, when Prime Minister Modi addressed Indian citizens on Kashmir, he mentioned the prospects for films. “I urge the Hindi, Telugu and Tamil film industry to come to J&amp;K for shooting their projects,” said Modi. The Hindi film industry has long indicated that Kashmir has a special place by marketing movies filmed in the Valley, naming films using Kashmir in the title and using iconography identified as Kashmiri like the houseboat and the chinar leaf. No other Indian state has been marked as “special” like this by the Hindi film industry. There are films named after big cities like Kolkata and Mumbai and Delhi, but nothing after an entire cultural identity. Until Mission Kashmir, however, these films only did lip service to Kashmir, promoting a tourist’s view of the state, a natural “paradise” where hero and heroine fell in love. These films were not rooted in Kashmir, disengaged from its problems. Mission Kashmirnaturally is a product of its times, born out of a decade-plus of the insurgency that flared in the Valley in the late 1980s. Thereafter, as the unrest never subsided, there have been several films which offer an insider’s view of Kashmir. <h3 style="margin-bottom: 1.42857rem; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.71429rem; line-height: 2.35714rem; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; display: inherit;"><a href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3022046/indias-kashmir-move-attempt-shift-its-muslim-demographic" class="link-text">India’s Kashmir move: an attempt to shift its Muslim demographic? </a></h3>I’ll end with one of the opening sequences of Haider, where his (Hamlet’s) mother, a schoolteacher, is teaching the children of her class the meaning of home. “It is brothers and sisters and fathers and mothers. It is unselfish acts and kindly sharing and showing your loved ones you are always caring.” It is an obvious metaphor for the Indian nation and its fraught relationship with Kashmir, the parents and the estranged child. The filial bond is often invoked for India and <a href="https://www.scmp.com/topics/pakistan" class="link-text">Pakistan</a>– brothers separated in a bloodied moment.But there is also another metaphor here: the Indian state teaching us the history of our “home”, and our duties as citizens and how we should live like brothers and sisters at home, “unselfish acts and kindly sharing”. It brings me back to where I started, what we are taught about our home and what we are not. Every nation controls its citizenry through education and so does India. We never learned the conditions in which Kashmir joined the Indian Union, and the circumstances we created to keep it at any cost. Perhaps it is not so strange then that I learned what little I did about Kashmir from our biggest film industry. For all its commercial inclinations, its lessons feel less biased than that of the Indian state’s.

Bollywood teaches more about Kashmir than India’s schools

<ul><li>The <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> government today issued a historical judgment to strike down <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword> and 35A from the Indian constitution. </li><li>Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) has claimed victory over the decade long struggle to strike down Article 370 and 35A. </li><li>This was essential for the interest of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as the entire country, said RSS. </li></ul>Indian right-wing party Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) <a href="https://twitter.com/RSSorg/status/1158291411692732416">claimed victory </a>after the government decided to strike down Article 370 and 35A which gives Jammu and Kashmir the right to make its own laws. The saffron party felt vindicated as it has been <a href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/article-370-abrogation-old-demand-sees-light-of-day/cid/1695883">campaigning for </a>this move, for decades. They also termed that the Narendra Modi-led government was courageous for making this move. <div type="twitter" handle="RSSorg" handlename="RSS" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/502392645314830337/wQV1awav_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="20591" retweetcount="5315" status="“सरकार के साहसपूर्ण कदम का हम हार्दिक अभिनंदन करते हैं। यह जम्मू-कश्मीर सहित पूरे देश के हित के लिए अत्यधिक आवश्यक… https://t.co/wj7lXSM2Hs" createdat="1564993167000" id="1158291411692732416"></div>

 The orders further divided the state into two union territories — J&amp;K and Ladakh. “This was essential for the interest of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as the entire country. Rising from selfish motives and political differences, everyone should welcome and support this move,” said RSS. Removing Article 370 has been of the core demands of Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) and RSS ever since Modi came into power in 2014. Reactions flooded the microblogging site Twitter soon after Union Home Minister <keyword id="6355521" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="amit-shah">Amit Shah</keyword> proposed to strike down Article 370 and 35A. Many of them were hailing #OneCountryOneSystem. However, Kashmir's political leaders <a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-jammu-kashmir-ladakh-will-governments-ambitious-plans-to-regain-paradise-lost-be-a-misadventure/301994">have been seething </a>their anger. Former Chief Ministers <keyword id="19464" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Omar-Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</keyword> and <keyword id="6375812" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mehbooba-mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</keyword>, who were under house arrest, expressed their shock and felt betrayed after the orders were issued. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/news/omar-abdullah-mehbooba-mufti-reaction-to-the-scrapping-of-article-370-in-jammu-kashmir/articleshow/70532924.cms">‘Betrayal, catastrophe, dangerous’ J&amp;K leaders livid as India scraps Article 370 and bifurcates the state</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/amit-shah-says-article-35a-and-article-370-giving-kashmir-special-status-will-be-annulled-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/70530969.cms">Article 370 and Article 35A which give Kashmir a special status will be annulled, Amit Shah tells Indian Parliament</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/news/journalists-in-kashmir-get-satellite-phones-after-internet-and-mobile-are-shut-down/articleshow/70530054.cms">Reporters in Kashmir get a satellite phone for ₹100,000 a piece as all other communication devices are shut down</a>

RSS claims a victory in its decades' long campaign against Kashmir's special status

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Book fans are obsessed with the "Harry Potter" fan fiction "Manacled" by SenLinYu.</li><li>In the work, Harry Potter is dead, and Hermione is being used as a surrogate for magic offspring.</li></ul>As one of the most beloved fantasy worlds of all time, it's no surprise J.K. Rowling's <a href="https://www.insider.com/big-differences-between-harry-potter-books-and-movies">"Harry Potter" series</a> has inspired countless fan-fiction works over the years. Some of these works feature love stories between characters who were never together in Rowling's books, others imagine alternate realities where characters like Fred Weasley never died, and some imagine what the first wizarding war was like for Lily and James Potter. One of the most beloved "Harry Potter" <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/learning/fanfiction-books">fanfics</a> is "Manacled" by SenLinYu, a dark romance between Draco Malfoy and Hermione Granger. As SenLinYu said in an author's note, the story was inspired by the pilot of "The Handmaid's Tale" TV show, so much of the plot pays homage to Margaret Atwood's world in addition to Rowling's. "Manacled" was <a href="https://archiveofourown.org/works">initially published</a> on the fan-fiction website Archive of Our Own (Ao3) over the course of 2018 and 2019, though it's recently gained renewed reader interest in part due to TikTok.The rest of this article contains some spoilers for "Manacled."<h2>In 'Manacled,' the Order of the Phoenix lost the war against Voldemort</h2>The <a href="https://www.insider.com/harry-potter-fan-fiction-manacled-plot-explained-2023-9">events of "Manacled"</a> diverge from those of Rowling's original series after "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix."In SenLinYu's work, <a href="https://www.insider.com/harry-potter-little-known-facts-2019-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Harry Potter</a> is dead, and the Order has lost the war against Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters.Hermione has survived, although nearly everyone she ever loved is dead. At the beginning of "Manacled," she has been imprisoned in a dark, soundless cell for sixteen months by Dolores Umbridge and forced to wear handcuffs that make her unable to use her magic.Once she is removed from solitary confinement, Hermione has to become a surrogate for a wizard to fill the shortage of magical children created by the war, similar to the need for repopulation in <a href="https://www.insider.com/handmaids-tale-changes-book-tv-show-hulu-2017-4">"The Handmaid's Tale."</a><div type="image" title="emma watson hermione granger deathly hallows" height="1079" width="1439" msid="103941355" hostid="261"></div>Hermione is given to Draco Malfoy as a surrogate, though he is married to a dark witch. Draco has risen up in the ranks of Voldemort's followers in SenLinYu's world, becoming his right-hand man, known as the High Reeve. As SenLinYu said in an author's note, the title "High Reeve" was taken from lady_of_clunn's "Harry Potter" fan fiction "<a href="https://archiveofourown.org/works/428538/chapters/722336">Uncoffined</a>."Before she is given to Draco, a healer also reveals to Hermione that there are magical gaps in her memory that she appears to have created during her time in isolation, helping her guard a secret. Although she made the blocks to protect her memories, Hermione is unable to take them down, and at the start of the fan fiction, she cannot even remember her parents' names. As Hermione tries to piece her memories back together, she must face painful memories of the downfall of the Order, and she will learn Draco meant more to her than she could have ever imagined. SenLinYu is hardly the first fanfic author to imagine a love story between Draco and Hermione; their childhood animosity is nearly a blueprint for an <a href="https://www.insider.com/enemies-to-lovers-romance-books-for-bridgerton-fans-2022-5">enemies-to-lovers romance</a>. But the author places their forbidden feelings against the backdrop of a world torn apart by war, raising the stakes.Readers should know that "Manacled" is much darker than Rowling's original works before diving into it. It includes scenes that depict rape, torture, and other forms of violence, as SenLinYu says in a content warning, so readers should not expect the same experience they had with the original "Harry Potter" books if they decide to read "Manacled."<h2>You can read 'Manacled' for free</h2>"Manacled" is massively popular as far as fan fiction goes. According to <a href="https://www.insider.com/archive-of-our-own-down-life-is-boring-now-2023-7">Ao3</a>, the story has 4.8 million hits and counting on the website as of Monday, and over 35,000 people have rated it on Goodreads, with the average rating sitting at 4.68 out of 5 stars. Several TikTok reviews of "Manacled" have put even more attention on the work, with many BookTokers raving about it. For instance, <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZT8646gjK/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TikToker @claudiatalksfilm</a> shared a video of herself crying over the fan fiction, which she called "utterly incredible," and it has over 1.7 million views to date.There are several ways to read "Manacled" online, according to SenLinYu's website, though the quickest way to access it is on Ao3, where it originally gained its massive following.The Ao3 page for the work also contains graphics by Avendell, which you can see on the user's <a href="https://www.instagram.com/avendellart/">Instagram</a> page."Manacled" <a href="https://archiveofourown.org/faq/downloading-fanworks?language_id=en#howtodownload">can be downloaded to e-readers</a> through the Ao3 website, which many readers may prefer because the story is massive. According to Ao3, it has 77 chapters and 370,515 words, which is nearly double the length of "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows."You can also read "Manacled on <a href="https://www.fanfiction.net/s/12917045/1/Manacled" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fanfiction.net</a> and <a href="https://www.inkitt.com/stories/fanfiction/668450" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">inkitt</a>, and the story is available as an audiobook. Chapters one through 56 can be accessed on <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/7AqtWVRrnUR3t5rM6eVZRR" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spotify</a>, while 57 through 77 are on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSIMZKe7GZV7kJNEchUdLmQ/videos">YouTube</a>. SenLinYu did not respond to a request for comment.

A 'Harry Potter' fan fiction that imagines Harry died in the wizarding war has taken over the book community

<ul><li>Two days after Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh were brought directly under the central government's control, Prime Minister Narendra Modi chose to make a special address to the nation.</li><li>Modi also said that the Union Territory status of Jammu and Kashmir is a temporary measure and the state will get its own assembly as soon as possible.</li><li>While the contentious decision has been contested by his rivals, both houses of the Indian Parliament have approved the Presidential order that redefined Jammu and Kashmir's political status.</li><li>Article 370 and Article 35A had given nothing but terrorism, separatism, dynasty politics, and corruption," he said.</li></ul>Two days the state of Jammu and Kashmir, including the Ladakh region, were split into two Union Territories, Prime Minister Narendra Modi revealed that this is a temporary measure only. While Ladakh will remain under the direct control of the central government, Jammu and Kashmir will get to hold its elections once again and elect a local leader. To those who oppose the move to abrogate Article 370 and Article 35A in Jammu and Kashmir -- provisions that allowed the state to make its own laws -- Modi said that he respects their right to disagree but urged them to keep aside the differences in 'national interest'. This speech has come two days after the central government wrested direct control over the volatile Jammu and Kashmir state by disbanding the province into two Union Territories namely Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, first through a Presidential order and later got it ratified by the Parliament. Watch Prime Minister Narendra Modi's full speech here: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="Youtube" id="rIQVbEuxYWg" title="Prime Minister Narendra Modi to address the Nation | PMO" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rIQVbEuxYWg/mqdefault_live.jpg"></div>


















 He assured the people of Jammu and Kashmir that the situation in the region will come back to normal as soon as possible and promised that there will be no obstacle in the upcoming Eid celebrations next week. In his address, PM Modi said that "Article 370 and Article 35A had given nothing but terrorism, separatism, dynasty politics, and corruption." He also added that Pakistan had been using this as a weapon to push its agenda in Kashmir and that over 42,000 people lost their lives in the process. Modi also said that the women of Kashmir were denied equal rights, poor workers did not not get the benefit of India's minimum wage laws, and socially marginalised Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were deprived of the benefits of the central government's affirmative action. He also promised state benefits, for government employees including the Police in Jammu and Kashmir as well as in Ladakh, like leave travel allowance, house rent allowance, and allowance for children's education among others. "We have removed the obstacles to the development of Jammu and Kashmir," said Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his special address to the nation, which will also be aired on the state-owned All India Radio. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-will-now-be-two-separate-union-territories/articleshow/70531866.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh will now be two separate Union Territories</a>

Jammu and Kashmir will become a state again but after some time, reveals Prime Minister Narendra Modi

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6358953" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Transgender">Transgender</keyword> people in <keyword id="6354495" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="kashmir">Kashmir</keyword> face discrimination and harassment throughout their lives.</li><li>Many work as matchmakers or performers at weddings, but coronavirus restrictions mean they are now out of work.</li><li>Kashmir is not only in the grip of the virus, but also a security crisis since <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> removed the region's autonomy in 2019.</li><li>Trans expression is a taboo subject in Muslim-majority Kashmir, pushing members of the trans community into the shadows.</li></ul>Now is not a good time to be transgender in Kashmir.Members of the trans community are often rejected by their families, and by a conservative society that views them as an underclass.To make matters worse, a security crackdown imposed by India since removing the region's autonomy last year — and now a coronavirus lockdown — means that they are without work and have been pushed to the brink.Aijaz Ahmad Bund is an academic and rights activist for the LGBTQ community. From a small office in the regional capital Srinagar, he speaks out for those who have no voice."This society has pushed them to the wall. They are living an invisible life," he told Business Insider"They face discrimination in every aspect of life. They are abused physically, verbally. They face a lot of street harassment. They face a lot of sexual abuse as well."One of the few trans individuals to have made a name for herself in Kashmir is Abdul Rashid, otherwise known as Reshma. She is a well-known singer here, but even she is struggling to make ends meet.She makes a little money from tailoring, sitting on the floor of her small apartment with an old sewing machine. Her experience growing up is similar to many among the trans community. "I wasn't allowed even out of our lane. I would be asked where I had been for so long and then beaten for being late. We would take the narrow side streets to avoid getting bullied on the main roads. Some would even spit on us," she told <keyword id="9071581" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="business-insider-weekly">Business Insider Weekly</keyword>.From a small drawer, under lock and key, she takes out a small vial and applies mascara."Growing up, I wasn't interested in studying, but was into girlish things. I used to put chalk on my face as powder," she said.<h2>Transgender people in Kashmir are living in the shadows.</h2>Unlike in other parts of India and Pakistan, the transgender community here rarely dress in colourful clothing, afraid of ridicule — or worse.Subhan, known as Shabnam, is luckier. Her family has always supported her."I used to get along well with ladies, not that much with men. That's because I had an affinity towards them and not towards men. As time passed by, I started dressing up like them, and then it became clear that I was a third gender," she said.But a life of living in the shadows, combined with the present-day double crisis of pandemic and security crackdown, has taken its toll."I must say that we face so many issues that we can't even count them," she said.Traditional patriarchal values mean that sex and sexual orientation in the Muslim-majority region is a taboo subject. And gender affirmation procedures are not seen as a viable option."Our Quran doesn't allow us to bring changes to our bodies that won't be good. How our Lord made us, we should remain that way. We are a third gender," Shabnam said.<h2>With the region in political turmoil, the past year has been suffocating.</h2><div type="image" title="security" height="1080" width="1920" msid="78711203" hostid="261"></div>Already a shunned and invisible minority, Kashmir's trans community is now living in a land that has been turned upside down. Last year, India <a href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-factbox/factbox-kashmirs-history-indias-revoking-of-special-status-in-context-idUSKCN1UV0RK">abolished Article 370 of its constitution</a>, which granted Kashmir a special status as an autonomous region.The move stripped Kashmir of its flag and its lawmaking powers, and brought it under direct control of the government in New Delhi. Thousands were arrested and imprisoned — and all phone and internet services cut off.Today, security forces continue to line the streets and man checkpoints.For the trans community, with little acceptance from wider society and no means to communicate with the outside world, this last year has been suffocating.Communications have only been partially restored but blackouts are still a regular occurrence.Aijaz Ahmad says mental health issues are prevalent in the community — <a href="https://theins.in/2017/11/30/transgenders-suffering-stress-even-attempted-suicide/">as are attempts at suicide</a>. Those disowned by their families are even denied a proper burial.And he said his research suggests around 15% of the transgender community is forced to work in the sex trade to make ends meet.<h2>Wedding gigs are some of the only jobs transgender people can find — and those are drying up.</h2><div type="image" title="KASHMIR TRANS NEW WEEKLY V2.00_04_40_23.Still007" height="1080" width="1920" msid="78711206" hostid="261"></div>One of the only acceptable lines of work is matchmaking and performing at weddings. It's here that Kashmir's trans community are permitted to dress, and perform, as themselves.Mohammad Aslam, known as Babloo is a matchmaker, playing the role of broker between two families in arranged marriages. She, like the others, is now without work."The situation deteriorated after the abrogation of Article 370," she said. "We can't go to people's houses because our work involves interacting with people in their homes. At the moment we are hesitant to meet people and are scared of getting infected and vice versa."With weddings cancelled and an increasing number of people finding their own partners online, times are tough."People used to call us to dance and sing at marriages, and we used to get good money as well. Now there are DJs, and women sing too, so we don't get much business there," Shabnam told Business Insider.To make matters worse, the Indian government has now made it possible for non residents of Kashmir to own property and work in the region, putting a further squeeze on job opportunities.<h2>"We have people who are violated on a daily basis."</h2><div type="image" title="KASHMIR TRANS NEW WEEKLY V2.00_04_03_27.Still006" height="1080" width="1920" msid="78711208" hostid="261"></div>An irony of the abolition of Kashmir statehood was that the mountainous region inherited Indian laws on homosexuality, which was recently decriminalized.Yet this, as well as a transgender rights bill passed in 2019, has made no real difference to the lives of Reshma, Shabnam or Babloo.Aijaz Ahmad says the problem is not their legal status, rather acceptance by society."We have laws, and we have a lot of provisions in the Constitution of India which protect citizens irrespective of their gender, sex, sexuality, ethnicity, religion, blah, blah," he said. "But still we see that such people are discriminated against. We have people who are violated on a daily basis, and we believe what is more important is the ideology that needs to change."Every few weeks Shabnam, Babloo, Reshma, and other members of Kashmir's trans community gather with Ahmad to drink tea and share their stories, and their woes. For most of them, this is the only family they have.Ahmad remains optimistic, in spite of the stark reality they face."We are very hopeful that there may be a day that you know we will be able to see a gender-inclusive society," he said.Baboo added: "It's all up to God. God has to run the whole universe. God who will take care of each one of us."

Transgender people in Kashmir are leading an 'invisible life' as security crackdowns and discrimination come to a head

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Pakistan issued its sternest threat yet that it is willing to go to war with India over the disputed Kashmir region which forms a buffer between the two nations. </li><li>In a press conference at the United Nations annual summit in New York, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan said "there is potential that two nuclear armed countries will come face to face at some point". </li><li>Renewed tensions over the disputed area of Kashmir were sparked in August when Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi moved to reduce the region's autonomy.</li><li>Since then the region's internet and phones have been cut off, and there are reports of violence and torture by Indian officials against locals.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. </a></li></ul>Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan has issued his most direct assertion that Pakistan is willing to go to war with India over the disputed region of Kashmir, which forms a buffer between the two countries.Speaking at the United Nations' annual summit in New York Tuesday, Khan described the Kashmir, which both India and Pakistan lay claim to, as "an open jail" after an Indian crackdown largely closed off the region to the outside world."I came out to New York because I felt that unless we highlight what is happening in Kashmir the world is not going to know," he told journalists at the press conference."Eight million people in an open jail is unprecedented in this day and age," Khan said, according to the AP."The biggest worry is what happens once the curfew is lifted? We fear with 900,000 soldiers there, there will be a massacre.""There is a potential that two nuclear armed countries will come face to face at some stage," he said.Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-india-revoke-article-370-quasi-independence-internet-tourists-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">India shut off the internet and ordered tourists to leave the hotly contested Kashmir region, in a risky bid to end its quasi-independence</a><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>Pakistan and India have previously fought three wars, two of them over the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir. Kashmir is one of the most militarized regions of the world.Fresh tensions between the two countries were sparked in August when India <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/qa-indias-proposed-change-to-disputed-kashmirs-status-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">announced it would revoke Article 370 of its constitution</a>, which gives special rights to permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir. The provision had allowed Kashmiris to make their own laws and prevented non-Kashmiris from buying land or permanently settling in the region. The removal of the law effectively removed Kashmiri autonomy.Read More:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-forces-detaining-kids-molesting-girls-amid-blackout-report-2019-8?r=US&amp;IR=T"> Armed forces in Kashmir are detaining children and molesting women and girls amid a state-wide blackout, report claims.</a>Since the provision was removed, Indian authorities have imposed a state-wide internet and phone blackout in the disputed region, and launched a crackdown on dissident activity against the government.As of September 6, more than 3,800 people - including prominent local politicians - in the region have been arrested, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-detentions/thousands-detained-in-indian-kashmir-crackdown-official-data-reveals-idUSKCN1VX142">Reuters reported</a>.Business Insider's Alexandra Ma previously noted that multiple journalists on the ground in the region have reported local forces <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-man-blinded-pellets-police-insist-no-major-injuries-2019-8">shooting at people with pellet guns</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-villagers-allege-beatings-abuse-electric-shock-india-denies-2019-8">tortured people living in villages known to be hubs</a> of anti-India militancy.That torture includes beating them with sticks, giving them electric shocks, and filling their mouths with mud, reports say.Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist party <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-49275789">defended the decision to reduce the autonomy of the region</a> saying that the move would bring with it development and unity.

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