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<ul><li>New observations have been able to determine that the ‘God of Chaos’ asteroid Apophis won’t be crashing into Earth for at least another 100 years. </li><li>This officially rules out all doomsday predictions of Apophis breaching the Earth’s atmosphere in 2029, 2036 and in 2068. </li><li>The asteroid is as big as three football fields and the resulting impact, if it were to crash into Earth, would be equivalent to 880 million tonnes of TNT exploding.</li></ul>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has determined that the ‘God of Chaos’ asteroid Apophis won’t be crashing into Earth for at least a century. Many in the scientific community believe that it’s only a matter of time before a massive asteroid hits Earth. “A big rock will hit Earth eventually and we currently have no defence,” said billionaire <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/elon-musk-says-we-have-no-defence-against-asteroid-god-of-chaos/articleshow/70748251.cms">Elon Musk</a>, commenting on the Apophis asteroid. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype="Video"><cdata><![CDATA[]]></cdata></div> While that may still be a possibility, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has at least narrowed down the possibility that the ‘big rock to hit Earth’ won’t be Apophis — not in 2029, 2036 or even 2068. “A 2068 impact is not in the realm of possibility anymore, and our calculations don’t show any impact risk for at least the next 100 years,” said Davide Farnocchai of NASA’s Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS). <div type="image" title="apophis_edited" msid="81719242" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Apophis won&amp;#39;t be crashing into Earth for at least a century&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> What would happen if Apophis crashed into Earth? It’s not uncommon for small asteroids between the size of five to ten metres to pose a threat as they make their close approach to Earth, but asteroids the size of Apophis — as big as three football fields — are rare. The potential impact would be the equivalent of 880 million tonnes of trinitrotoluene (TNT) exploding simultaneously. This would make it 65,000 times more destructive than the Hiroshima nuclear disaster. <div type="image" title="asteroid gif" msid="81719274" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The animation depicts a mapping of the positions of known near-Earth objects (NEOs) at points in time over the past 20 years, and finishes with a map of all known asteroids as of January 2018&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Eliminating the doomsday prediction Apophis was determined to be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/apophis-the-god-of-chaos-asteroid-is-speeding-up-increasing-the-likelihood-of-it-hitting-earth-in-2068/articleshow/78895818.cms">under the influence of the Yarkovsky effect</a> in October 2020, by the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy. Simply put, it meant Apophis was getting pushed around by sunlight and speeding up in approach towards Earth. This made its orbit difficult to predict, increasing the likelihood of it crashing into Earth in 2068. In order to figure out whether the threat of a collision was real, JPL’s researchers decided to conduct a detailed analysis — using a new radar observation campaign coupled with a precise orbit analysis — of Apophis when the massive asteroid made a distant flyby of Earth on March 5. Tracking the asteroid with Deep Space Network’s 70-metre radio antenna and the 100-metre Green Bank Telescope, the scientists were able to capture Apophis on camera. <div type="image" title="Screenshot (695)_edited" msid="81719181" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;These images of asteroid Apophis were recorded by radio antennas at the Deep Space Network’s Goldstone complex in California and the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The images may appear pixelated, but considering that the asteroid was 17 million kilometres away — more than 44 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon — it’s an incredible accomplishment. “If we had binoculars as powerful as this radar, we would be able to sit in Los Angeles and read a dinner menu at a restaurant in New York.” said JPL scientist Marina Brozovic, who led the radar campaign. Using these images, not only did JPL rule out the possibility of Apophis hitting Earth in 2068 but it was also able to determine that the asteroid has a ‘bilobed’ or peanut-like appearance. According to NASA, this is a relatively common shape for big space rocks — larger than 200 metres in diameter — that fly by the planet. At least one in every six asteroids has two lobes.

‘God of Chaos’ asteroid Apophis won’t be crashing into Earth for at least another century

<ul><li>New observations have found that the Apophis or ‘God of Chaos’ asteroid, which is the size of three football fields, is speeding up due to the Yarkovsky effect.</li><li>This is when the asteroid heats up in a non-uniform way, leading to the release of heat exerting a thrust that can alter the asteroid’s direction or speed it up.</li><li>The discovery of the Yarkovsky effect means that there’s still a possibility that the <keyword id="8002264" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="apophis-asteroid">Apophis asteroid</keyword> may hit Earth in 2068.</li></ul>The Apophis asteroid — named after the God of Chaos — is getting pushed around by sunlight and getting faster as it heads towards Earth. According to the researchers at the University of Hawaiʻi Institute for Astronomy (<a href="https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2020/10/26/new-massive-asteroid-findings/">IfA</a>), it is under the influence of the Yarkovsky effect. <div type="image" title="apophis discovery" msid="78896065" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Image of Asteroid Apophis when it was first discovered on 14 June 2004&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> This is when the asteroid speeds up because its thermal radiation is no longer uniform. Simply put, some parts of the asteroid are heating up faster than other parts. Before the detection of this effect, Apophis — which is the size of three football fields — was likely to fly past Earth in 2068. However, the impact of the Yarkovsky acceleration means that the there is still a possibility that the massive asteroid may crash into the planet when it rolls around in another 50 years. The potential impact would be the equivalent of 880 million tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) exploding simultaneously. This would make it 65,000 times more destructive than the Hiroshima nuclear disaster. What is the Yarkovsky effect? The Yarkovsky effect makes it difficult to make long term predictions about how an asteroid will move over long periods. <div type="image" title="YarkovskyEffect_NRAO_300dpi_large" msid="78896106" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Diagram explaining the Yarkovsky effect&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> It happens where sunlight heats up the dayside of the asteroid, and after the asteroid turns, the night side releases the heat. That release can exert a small thrust, which can result in a change of direction. It can also accelerate or decelerate the asteroids current speed. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) most recent endeavour to collect a sample from Asteroid Bennu is one of the ongoing initiatives to understand the influence of the Yarkovsky effect. The Apophis asteroid could hit Earth "The new observations we obtained with the Subaru telescope earlier this year were good enough to reveal the Yarkovsky acceleration of Apophis, and they show that the asteroid is drifting away from a purely gravitational orbit by about 170 meters per year, which is enough to keep the 2068 impact scenario in play," said <a href="https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2020/10/26/new-massive-asteroid-findings/">Dave Tholen</a>, co-author of the paper presented at the 2020 virtual meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society. It’s not uncommon for small asteroids between the size of 5 to 10 meters to pass by Earth, but asteroids the size of Apophis are rare. Not only are they fewer in number, but don’t normally come this close to Earth. Before 2068 rolls around, Apophis is scheduled to visit Earth even sooner on April 13, 2029. The massive 340-meter asteroid will be visible streaking across Earth’s skies without the aid of a telescope or binoculars. <div type="image" title="apophis" msid="78895938" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;NASA animation shows the distance between the Apophis asteroid and Earth at the time of the asteroid&amp;#39;s closest approach. The blue dots are the many man-made satellites that orbit our planet, and the pink represents the International Space Station.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> According to NASA, even this close encounter <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/elon-musk-says-we-have-no-defence-against-asteroid-god-of-chaos/articleshow/70748251.cms">may have an impact on Apophis</a>. Since it will only be 30,000 kilometers from the planet — Earth’s gravitational field may impact the way the asteroid spins or result in a change on its surface. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/ufologist-claims-the-god-of-chaos-asteroid-will-strike-somewhere-over-europe/articleshow/71537022.cms">Ufologist Michael Horn</a> claims if Apophis were, in fact, to crash into Earth, the impact point would be somewhere over Europe. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/china-launches-three-new-spy-satellites-amid-border-dispute-with-india-and-tensions-in-the-south-china-sea/articleshow/78886330.cms">China launches three new spy satellites amid border dispute with India and tensions in the South China Sea</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/kotak-mahindra-bank-share-price-jumps-after-earning-reports-and-possible-msci-inclusion/articleshow/78887434.cms">Kotak Mahindra Bank surges 10% on earnings upgrades and potential MSCI inclusion</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/hcl-tech-is-looking-to-expand-operations-in-canada-if-h-1b-visa-issues-persist/articleshow/78884838.cms">EXCLUSIVE: HCL Tech is expanding operations in Canada as H-1B visa issues persist</a>

Apophis, the ‘God of Chaos’ asteroid is speeding up — increasing the likelihood of it hitting Earth in 2068

<ul><li>Apophis, the '<keyword id="8002265" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="god-of-chaos">God of Chaos</keyword>' asteroid will be passing by Earth on April 13, 2029.</li><li>The asteroid could do considerable damage if it were to collide into Earth. </li><li>According to Billionaire <keyword id="6355315" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="elon-musk">Elon Musk</keyword>, CEO and Founder of Tesla and SpaceX, the asteroid is coming and we have defence.</li></ul>Apophis, also known as the 'God of Chaos' asteroid, will be making its way to Earth in ten years. The odds of a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-is-asteroid-meteorite-and-meteor/articleshow/70654013.cms">head-on collision</a> with the 340 meter asteroid is one in 45,000. But as it passes by, it will all but brush with the Earth’s surface, coming as close as 30,000 kilometers. <div type="image" title="PIA23195_hires (1)_edited" msid="70748398" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Trajectory of Apophis as it passes by Earth on April 13, 2029&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Should the ‘God of Chaos’ choose to shift even a little bit, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-happens-when-an-asteroid-actually-hits-earth/articleshow/70732006.cms">resulting impact will be catastrophic.</a> The after-effects will dwarf in comparison to any other asteroid that has ever hit Earth in human history. We currently have no defence Scientists speculate that it's only a matter of time before an asteroid hits Earth. The latest one to join the bandwagon is billionaire <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/its-been-100-years-since-weve-seen-anybody-like-elon-musk-heres-why-thats-so-disorienting/articleshow/69813958.cms">Elon Musk</a>, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX. "A big rock will hit Earth eventually and we currently have no defence," he said commenting on God of Chaos. <div type="twitter" handle="elonmusk" handlename="Elon Musk" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1163316023023427584/8lXw0O2Y_normal.jpg" favoritecount="36171" retweetcount="4190" status="Great name! Wouldn’t worry about this particular one, but a big rock will hit Earth eventually &amp; we currently have… https://t.co/uTndl0Fvf6" createdat="1566163586000" id="1163200504811249664"></div>

 He is not wrong. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has instruments in place to study and protect Earth from an asteroid that could potentially be dangerous. But, it has no actual protocols in place to defend the planet in case an asteroid is on a collision course. NASA only announced its first Planetary Defence Technology Demonstration earlier this year. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) will be the space agency's first mission to demonstrate its plans for how to defend itself. Earth's impact on the asteroid Most people are usually worried about how an asteroid will impact Earth but few think about the impact Earth would have on an asteroid. The God of Chaos, for instance, won't be immune to the effects of a close encounter with Earth. The planet's gravitational field will definitely have an impact on the asteroid's orbit and could change the way Apophis spins, according to scientists at NASA. Interestingly, the gravitational pull could also result in surface change on Apophis and cause an avalanche. An opportunity for science It's not uncommon for asteroids between 5-10 meters in size to pass by Earth but asteroids the size of Apophis are rare. They are fewer in number and don't normally cut this close to Earth. <div type="image" title="neo_edited" msid="70748377" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Famous fly-bys of Near Earth Objects (NEOs)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>
 "We'll observe the asteroid with both optical and radar telescopes. With radar observations, we might be able to see surface details that are only a few meters in size," said Marin Brozovic, a radar scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/neil-degrasse-tyson-and-other-scientists-believe-asteroids-will-eventually-hit-earth/articleshow/70644547.cms">It might not be 'dinosaur destroying' but it's only a matter of time before an asteroid hits Earth</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-happens-when-an-asteroid-actually-hits-earth/articleshow/70732006.cms">What happens when an asteroid actually hits Earth</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/an-asteroid-nearly-half-the-size-of-mount-everest-might-be-on-a-collision-course-for-earth-in-less-than-a-year/articleshow/70698774.cms">An asteroid nearly half the size of Mount Everest might be on a collision course for Earth in less than a year</a>

Elon Musk says we have no defence against asteroid ‘God of Chaos'

<ul><li>The <keyword id="1562308" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chelyabinsk-Meteor">Chelyabinsk meteor</keyword> exploded over Russia with a force of 40 Hiroshima nuclear bombs. </li><li>Damage stretched for 500 square kilometers, destroying 7,200 building and injuring over 1,400 people in its wake.</li><li>But it could have been even worse had it exploded closer to earth like the Tunguska event. </li></ul>As many as 800 asteroids are hovering around Earth, posing many a risk. Some are particularly dangerous like the Apophis asteroid — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/elon-musk-says-we-have-no-defence-against-asteroid-god-of-chaos/articleshow/70748251.cms">God of Chaos</a> — that is supposed whiz past earth in 2029. There is another asteroid which is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/an-asteroid-nearly-half-the-size-of-mount-everest-might-be-on-a-collision-course-for-earth-in-less-than-a-year/articleshow/70698774.cms">half the size of Mount Everest</a> and is expected to pass by the planet in less than a year. But, these are just the ones we know about. In 2013, a space object entered the Earth’s atmosphere and exploded with such a force — equivalent to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/russian-meteor-hit-atmosphere-with-a-force-of-40-hiroshima-bombs/articleshow/21343758.cms">440,000 tons of TNT</a> — that it damaged buildings for 500 square kilometers. And, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/The-unsettling-reasons-no-one-saw-the-Chelyabinsk-meteor-over-Russia-coming-and-why-it-could-happen-again/articleshow/51898217.cms">nobody saw it coming</a>. <div type="Youtube" id="iCawTYPtehk" title="Взрыв метеорита над Челябинском 15.02.2013.avi" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/iCawTYPtehk/mqdefault.jpg"></div>

 Chelyabinsk meteor Dubbed the Chelyabinsk meteor after its point of impact in Russia, the house-sized asteroid was a ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-chief-warns-people-need-to-take-the-threat-of-a-meteor-crashing-into-earth-much-more-seriously/articleshow/69146504.cms">cosmic wake-up call</a>’, according to NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/five-years-after-the-chelyabinsk-meteor-nasa-leads-efforts-in-planetary-defense">Lindley Johnson</a>. The meteor exploded a mere 30 kilometers from the Earth’s surface over a region that was home to around a million people. <div type="image" title="99738-790f0-64394570-m750x740-uf6c6e_edited" msid="70782724" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A picture taken of the Chelyabinsk meteor&amp;#39;s smoke trail with the double plumes visible either side.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 The explosion was so bright — even 30 times brighter than the Sun for a moment — that it could be seen from a 100 kilometers away right before windows were shattered, doors were broken, walls were brought down and even whole factories collapsed. <div type="image" title="640px-Цинковый_завод_Челябинска_edited" msid="70782795" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The shock from the meteor resulted in a roof collapse over the warehouse section of a zinc factory in Chelyabinsk&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Over 7,200 buildings expanding across six cities in Chelyabinsk were damaged by the effects of the blast. <div type="image" title="99738-adca5-64394583-m750x740-ue53ea_edited" msid="70782851" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Leftover glass shards after windows exploded in Chelyabinsk&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Over 1,400 people were injured in the blast according to Russian authorities. The effects of the asteroid ranged from broken spines to ultra violet burns on their skin. Some people also reported temporary flash blindness from looking directly at the meteor. The entire <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Russians-Thought-The-Meteor-Was-A-Bomb-Or-Terrorist-Attack/The-meteor-the-largest-reported-since-one-hit-Tunguska-Siberia-1908-exploded-over-the-Russian-city-of-Chelyabinsk-on-Friday-morning-Feb-15-in-that-region-/slideshow/21335141.cms">damage to Chelyabinsk</a> in terms of monetary loss came up to around $33 million at the time, according to the oblast governor. Thrice the size, four times the damage The Chelyabinsk meteor exploded above the surface of the planet and was still able to inflict damage for miles. Had the meteor actually crashed into the Earth — the resulting destruction would have been on a much larger scale. The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/TUNGUSKA-106-Years-Ago-A-Mysterious-Explosion-1000x-More-Powerful-Than-The-Hiroshima-Bomb-Rocked-Siberia/articleshow/37532646.cms">Tunguska meteor</a> that hit the Earth in 1908 — the largest known natural object to enter the planet’s atmosphere ever — flattened 2,000 square kilometers of forest. <div type="image" title="tu" msid="70782916" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Impact of the Tunguska meteor&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Even though the difference in size between the two meteors is only around 45 meters, the damage was much greater since Tunguska disintegrated only 10 kilometers from the planet’s surface. <div type="image" title="517px-Tunguska_and_Chelyabinsk_meteoroid_size_edited" msid="70782963" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Size comparison of the Tunguska meteor (TM) and the Chelyabinsk meteor (CM) to the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 So, instead of exploding with the energy of 440,000 tons — Tunguska dispelled around <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AREPS..11..461S">15 megatons</a> of TNT, which is 1,000 times the amount of energy of the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima. It should be noted that there is some disagreement over the exact might of the explosion with <a href="https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2007/asteroid.html">supercomputer estimates stating</a> that it was only around 3 megatons while a <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Icar..327...83W">new study</a> published in 2019 estimates it to be around 20-30 megatons. The main difference between the two asteroid events was that with Chelyabinsk occurred in a highly populated region, the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area. Tunguska and Chelyabinsk meteors aren’t the only examples of asteroids that hit Earth — they’re only the largest and the most recent, respectively. In 1930, asteroids are said to have exploded over the Curuca River in Brazil and an iron meteorite fell on the Sikhote Alin Mountains in 1947. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/an-asteroid-nearly-half-the-size-of-mount-everest-might-be-on-a-collision-course-for-earth-in-less-than-a-year/articleshow/70698774.cms">An asteroid nearly half the size of Mount Everest might be on a collision course for Earth in less than a year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/elon-musk-says-we-have-no-defence-against-asteroid-god-of-chaos/articleshow/70748251.cms">Elon Musk says we have no defence against asteroid ‘God of Chaos'</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-happens-when-an-asteroid-actually-hits-earth/articleshow/70732006.cms">What happens when an asteroid actually hits Earth</a>

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‘God of Chaos’ asteroid Apophis won’t be crashing into Earth for at least another century

Prabhjote Gill

Apophis, the ‘God of Chaos’ asteroid is speeding up — increasing the likelihood of it hitting Earth in 2068

Prabhjote Gill

Elon Musk says we have no defence against asteroid ‘God of Chaos'

Prabhjote Gill

The last major asteroid to hit Earth destroyed 500 square kilometers — and it could have been much worse

Prabhjote Gill

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