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<ul><li><keyword id="13446536" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="cypher-capital" source="Orion">Cypher Capital</keyword> has set aside $40 million of its seed fund towards Indian cryptocurrency and blockchain startups.</li><li>The private venture capital firm says it has already invested in fifteen Indian companies, including <keyword id="13448331" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SolRazr" source="Orion">SolRazr</keyword> and <keyword id="13448332" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Safle" source="Orion">Safle</keyword>.</li><li>Business Insider caught up with the company at the 2022 AIBC UAE Expo to understand the firm's plans for India.</li></ul>Cypher Capital, a private venture capital firm, announced the launch of a $100 million <keyword id="12046940" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="blockchain-fund" source="Orion">blockchain fund</keyword>, and it aims to invest 40% of it in Indian cryptocurrency and blockchain startups. Cypher Capital is a UAE-based venture capital firm and it has made investments in fifteen Indian blockchain startups like SolRazr and Safle. While SolRazr is a new Solana-based decentralised platform, Safle offers storing digital identities and over 500 digital assets, protected using a master key. There is a reason the firm has reserved a $40 million seed fund for Indian startups – India has over 100 million cryptocurrency users, and despite the regulatory uncertainty and adverse comments, Cypher Capital’s Vineet Budki is confident that the policies will normalise over time. And it’s not just Cypher Capital that is bullish on the Indian market – in 2021 alone, Indian cryptocurrency and blockchain startups saw funding worth $638 million, <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/india-bags-638-million-in-cryptocurrency-blockchain-funding-in-2021/articleshow/88626670.cms">according</a> to industry tracker Tracxn. This includes some big names like Andreessen Horowitz, Sequoia India, Kalaari Capital and Antler India. “India with its 100 million crypto users is the next big market for cryptocurrency adoption and we believe in educating people on the use cases like DeFi (Decentralised Finance) lending and borrowing, play to earn, etc., and handholding blockchain startups to build valuable companies,” said Vineet Budki, managing partner of Cypher Capital. Business Insider caught up with Vineet Budki at the 2022 AIBC UAE expo, to understand why his company is bullish on the prospects of cryptocurrency and blockchain in India. Here’s what he had to say: <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Looking beyond the speculative strain of crypto trading" comment="subhead" text="Looking beyond the speculative strain of crypto trading">Looking beyond the speculative strain of crypto trading</cmsannotation> Blockchain has multiple use cases, theoretically, but not all of them can or are needed to be implemented in the real world, as things stand today. However, one of the areas where blockchain can help is the tokenisation of physical assets, allowing investors to own assets that they otherwise wouldn’t be able to due to the amount of capital needed. This way, large assets can be divided into smaller fractions, bringing down the required capital outlay so more people can afford to purchase those assets. Apart from this, Budki also stated that the recent policy clarifications regarding prohibiting set-off of losses across various cryptocurrency coins, the 1% TDS on every crypto trade and the 30% tax on gains are not causes for concern to the firm. He justifies this stance by saying that over a longer period of time, these regulations will stabilise and there will be certainty as mass adoption of cryptocurrencies and blockchain will drive regulation and help it evolve. Disclosure: The author attended the event at the invitation of Cypher Capital, who paid for travel and accommodation. However, the editorial piece is independent and has not been shared with the firm before publishing. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/no-more-covid-19-restrictions-except-for-masks-in-india-from-march-31-2022/articleshow/90394109.cms">No more COVID-19 restrictions except for masks in India from March 31</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/could-the-days-of-mooching-off-netflix-accounts-come-to-an-end-in-india-heres-what-experts-say/articleshow/90372447.cms">Could the days of mooching off Netflix accounts come to an end in India? Here’s what experts say</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cryptocurrency/news/russian-individuals-and-companies-are-using-crypto-to-evade-sanctions-the-european-central-bank-says/articleshow/90382270.cms">Russian individuals and companies are using crypto to evade sanctions, the European Central Bank says</a>

Cypher Capital launches $100 million blockchain fund, with an aim to invest 40% of it in crypto startups in India

<ul><li>Indian <keyword id="2721952" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="crypto">crypto</keyword> asset management company <keyword id="7373673" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mudrex">Mudrex</keyword> has raised $2.5 million in seed funding led by Nexus Venture Partners.</li><li>Other investors include Village Global, Kunal Shah, Anand Chandrashekharan, and Anjali Bansal. The company was selected for Y Combinator's accelerator programme in January 2019.</li><li>It intends to offer simpler investment options, similar to mutual funds and ETFs, to retail crypto investors who intend to stay invested in the long run.</li><li>It currently has 25,000 active portfolio managers with more than $1 billion in trading on the platform.</li></ul>An Indian crypto-asset management platform Mudrex wants to make investing in cryptocurrencies easier. And, it has raised $2.5 million, which is around ₹18.5 crore, in a seed round led by Nexus Venture Partners. The venture firm has a plethora of investments in India, including Zomato, Unacademy, OLX, and many more. Other investors include accelerator Village Global, co-founder of CRED Kunal Shah, veteran investor Anand Chandrashekharan, and founder of Avaana Capital Anjali Bansal. The company had previously raised $750,000 from Y Combinator, Better Capital, Woodstock Fund, and angels like Antler founder Nitin Sharma and Shaadi.com CEO Anupam Mittal. Mudrex claims to be a crypto-based asset management company that offers products similar to mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ETFs. Instead of traditional stocks, these funds incorporate a host of crypto-assets such as <a href="https://wazirx.com/signup?invite=2kpah6gr&amp;utm_source=business-insider&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=microsite&amp;is_retargeting=false&amp;shortlink=BI&amp;c=site&amp;pid=Business%20Insider&amp;af_click_lookback=7d&amp;af_channel=Business%20Insider&amp;af_adset=article&amp;af_force_deeplink=true">Bitcoin</a>, Ethereum, and even stablecoins. The goal is to allow investors to pursue long-term wealth creation and offer a more straightforward approach to the crypto-curious amid volatility. “We [Mudrex] will achieve this through expanding our user community, providing superior tools to advanced portfolio managers, debunking myths about crypto trading as well as new product introductions like crypto indices, high yield crypto 'savings account', building out our mobile apps and more,” said co-founder and chief executive (CEO), Edul Patel. According to him, the company has been growing at a rate of 30% every month and has users across 90 countries. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="How does Mudrex plan on using its $2.5 million?" comment="subhead" text="How does Mudrex plan on using its $2.5 million?">How does Mudrex plan on using its $2.5 million?</cmsannotation> The fresh influx of capital will be used to scale up the team and operations, acquire global regulatory compliances, and create unique products. The company aims to bring the finesse of the traditional stock market to the crypto segment and incorporate tools that ensure investors are protected in the long run. Mudrex is trying to integrate more straightforward investment methodologies such as mutual funds, index funds, and ETFs to encourage systemic investments. <h2 style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Offering crypto asset management as a service" comment="subhead" text="Offering crypto asset management as a service">Offering crypto asset management as a service</cmsannotation></h2> Investors often end up losing a lot of money in the crypto market due to uncertainty, panic, and ever-increasing turbulence. Mudrex intends to glide over these shortcomings by curating new funds, assigning them a risk vs reward score, and providing more options to the end-user depending on their risk appetite, requirements, and goals. The platform has a product called a ‘bundle’, which contains multiple trading strategies optimized to work together. Each algorithm is verified before getting published and undergoes strict risk-management protocols to ensure authenticity. A user can simply choose one of these bundles as a fund and invest with a minimum of $100. Fees are calculated based on the total sum invested, and investing in multiple bundles often helps in diversification. It currently has 25,000 active portfolio managers with more than $1 billion in trading on the platform. It has over $15 million assets under management (AUM), which is around ₹ 110 crore. Mudrex currently has partnerships with most of the top global <keyword id="6357017" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</keyword> exchanges such as Binance, OKex, and Coinbase. And, a user needs to link their exchange account with Mudrex since it’s no longer an exchange, the transfer of assets is a necessity. Professional traders can create their own bundles too and start earning from the platform. While Mudrex is trying to introduce asset management as a service in the crypto space right now, it started as a <a href="https://wazirx.com/signup?invite=2kpah6gr&amp;utm_source=business-insider&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=microsite&amp;is_retargeting=false&amp;shortlink=BI&amp;c=site&amp;pid=Business%20Insider&amp;af_click_lookback=7d&amp;af_channel=Business%20Insider&amp;af_adset=article&amp;af_force_deeplink=true">crypto exchange</a> back in 2018. However, RBI's crackdown on cryptocurrencies spelt immediate bad news for the fledgling startup. The team lead by Edul Patel, Rohit Goyal, Alankar Saxena, and Prince Arora managed to weather the storm and pivot into a fresh idea that could make retail crypto investing far easier. In January 2019, it was selected for Y Combinator's accelerator programme, and by March, it had touched 500 customers. <a href="https://forum.businessinsider.in/">For a more in-depth discussion, come on over to Business Insider Cryptosphere</a> — a forum where users can deep dive into all things crypto, engage in interesting discussions and stay ahead of the curve. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cryptocurrency/news/indians-can-buy-pizza-and-ice-cream-with-bitcoin-now/articleshow/85204778.cms">India’s oldest crypto exchange is now allowing users to buy pizza, ice cream and coffee using Bitcoin</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cryptocurrency/news/venezuela-announces-its-own-central-bank-digital-currency/articleshow/85097126.cms">Venezuela is set to launch its government-backed digital currency in October as the bolivar gets a makeover</a>

This Indian crypto company just raised $2.5 million to launch crypto mutual funds and ETFs

<ul><li>The Securities and Exchange Board of India (<keyword id="35210" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SEBI" source="Orion">SEBI</keyword>) has warned <keyword id="6357979" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mutual-funds" source="Orion">mutual funds</keyword> to hold off from launching any crypto-centred offerings until regulations come in.</li><li>India’s cryptocurrency bill was supposed to be discussed during the previous session of Parliament earlier this month, but did not make it to the table.</li><li>Invesco Mutual Fund has already delayed the launch of its crypto-based exchange-traded fund (ETF) and Navi Mutual Fund’s application is still pending approval from SEBI. </li></ul>India’s market watchdog, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), wants mutual funds to wait it out before coming up with new fund offers (NFOs) based on <keyword id="6368079" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="crypto-assets" source="Orion">crypto assets</keyword>. According to SEBI Chairman Ajay Tyagi, mutual funds should not be making such investments until there’s a law in place to regulate the industry. And, as things stand, India’s Cryptocurrency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill (2021) is still pending approval from the Cabinet — the highest decision making authority in the country led by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. “It is prudent for regulated entities with public markets exposure or focus, or any form of public solicitation, to wait for additional clarity regarding the legality or definition of digital assets as assets or securities or commodities in India,” Nitin Sharma, partner at Antler India and blockchain lead for Antler Global, told Business Insider. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Caught in limbo" comment="subhead" text="Caught in limbo">Caught in limbo</cmsannotation> The warning from SEBI comes after asset management company Invesco Mutual Fund <a href="https://www.invescomutualfund.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/press-release---blockchain.pdf?sfvrsn=80e88ac2_0">delayed</a> the launch of its blockchain fund — the first of its kind in India — due to legislative uncertainty, even though they already have the green stamp from SEBI. “A lot of HNIs, family offices and retail investors will be drawn to such options because they are more comfortable with indirect exposure right now, even at a cost, versus dealing directly with digital assets,” said Sharma. Invesco isn’t the only mutual fund in India wanting to dip its two in the crypto space. Earlier this month, Navi Mutual Fund also filed a draft with SEBI for a Blockchain Index Fund of Funds (FoF), which will track the IndxxBlockchain Index. The IndxxBlockchain Index, however, index doesn’t track crypto assets directly. Instead, it tracks mainstream companies like Nvidia, Advanced Micro Devices and others that have some crypto activity. The index also includes Indian IT giants like Infosys, Wipro, and TCS. “As and when this space matures, we can definitely expect multiple mutual fund houses coming up with Blockchain specific funds. These funds do not necessarily need to have direct exposure in crypto,” Edul Patel, the CEO and co-founder of Mudrex, told Business Insider. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cryptocurrency/news/bitcoin-ethereum-shiba-inu-rake-up-losses-with-the-crypto-dip-showing-no-signs-of-slowing-down/slidelist/88557375.cms">Bitcoin, Ethereum, Shiba Inu rake up losses with the crypto dip showing no signs of slowing down</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cryptocurrency/news/dogecoins-co-creator-now-owns-just-40000-of-the-meme-token-and-says-he-has-nothing-to-do-with-it-anymore/articleshow/88551122.cms">Dogecoin's co-creator now owns just $40,000 of the meme token -- and says he has nothing to do with it anymore</a>

India’s market watchdog warns mutual funds to stay away from crypto assets at least until regulations come in

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Antler India plans to invest in 120 startups over four years with a $75 million fund.</li><li>The firm runs cohorts for individual founders and teams, selecting 100 from up to 5,000 applicants.</li></ul>This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Rajiv Srivatsa, a partner at Antler India, a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/founders-putting-startup-dreams-on-hold-in-the-tech-downturn-2024-7">pre-seed venture capital firm</a> based in Bengaluru. It has been edited for length and clarity.I'm a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/landed-vc-job-varied-resume-diverse-experience-resume-2024-8">partner</a> at Antler India, an early-stage <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/startup-success-secret-vcs-founders-nate-silver-on-the-edge-2024-8">venture capital</a> fund. We launched the India chapter about four years ago, and it was the firm's sixth location globally. Antler India has a $75 million fund, which we closed in March.Our plan is to invest in 120 <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/more-startups-get-bought-up-by-private-equity-vc-2024-8">startups </a>over four years, and we have about 65 to date.The classic Antler model includes running a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/top-vc-firms-funding-creator-economy-startups-next-phase-2024-6">cohort of individuals </a>who are transitioning from being employees to startup founders. We help them look for their cofounders and give shape to their idea.One thing we do differently in India is we run a cohort for teams as well. We found that there is a social tendency for people to prefer going into business with people they have known from college or work, and we welcome founders who may already have a team or product in mind.My team and I receive about <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-apply-y-combinator-application-down-market-successful-2022-8">4,000 to 5,000 applications</a>, and we select 100 people to join our individual founders' cohort. The program runs for six months, and we end up investing in 20-25 people, or eight to 10 companies. We give them a sum of $250,000 to fund their idea, and another $250,000 once they raise additional capital.I've been a founder myself and have run a company in the 2010s. I have seen two main positive shifts in the Indian startup market.It is a lot easier to attract talent than it was 10 years ago. There was a lot of entitlement and questioning from potential employees, because working for startups instead of long-established companies was seen as a risk. Since the pandemic, there has been a shift, and people are keen to join startups.Founders are getting more mature by the year and have a better understanding of what it takes.They're more frugal because they know capital is tight and they have given their industry more thought. They're not getting into business because something is hot and are instead building for the next five to 10 years. They also assume that their products will need higher traction to raise the same amount of money that would have been invested in them before.Here are five things I look for in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sequoia-partner-jess-lee-advice-for-startup-founders-2022-9">first-time founders</a>:<h2 id="5a01f9b1-7907-4c47-aa10-ead284c40a4d">Five founder traits</h2>Execution and strategy: This is their ability to iterate fast — move between ideas, drop things, and find something new quickly.We also seek people who have ideas that match their skill sets. For example, we don't want to invest in an AI company where none of the founders have solid tech expertise. In the early or "zero to one" and "one to 10" stages, founders have to be able to do things on their own.Grit and tenacity: Either in their personal life or professional life.Customer obsession: We spend the longest time gauging how obsessed a founder is with their customer and problem statement. We want to know if it's just a flash in the pan or if it's something they have been debating over many years. Does the founder really feel the pain of the customer?We want people who are not just armchair experts but have worked with customers and gotten their hands dirty. Someone who has spent their professional life making presentations and in conference rooms may not cut it.Communication: Another thing we look for is a high level of clarity in thinking and how they communicate. At the end of the day, venture capital is a continuous fundraising game — you have to always keep finding good talent, as well as keep telling new investors and the media your story.We try to gauge if the person is getting mixed up, or if they're clear about what they're doing.Ambition and scale: The venture capital industry does not work if you want small outcomes. Even if you don't want to be a unicorn, a startup that is valued at $1 billion, you still need to think in terms of hundreds of millions of dollars of valuation and foresee hundreds of millions of people using your product.<h2 id="019aa888-dfdf-4ac4-bda4-422664c1e934">Plus an X-factor</h2>We don't look for people who score about 80% to 100% on each of these criteria. Instead, we prefer if, for one to two of the five traits, they demonstrate a spike or an X factor — they immediately stand out as someone who is world-class when it comes to execution or communication, for example.We want people who are terrible at some things but exceptional at others.<h2 id="e8cf18ff-f29f-4d97-9753-7fe9d1705a42">Cofounder complements</h2>Most of our participants look for their cofounders after they've entered the cohort, and we spend a lot of time and attention matching people.In my experience, India is not a country where teaching communication is emphasized a lot, so we ask each participant 60 questions to understand their values, working styles, and personality types. We look for complements and see pair-ups between one person with a technical background and one person with business acumen. If a third cofounder is needed, they usually come with operations expertise.One company we recently funded is working on listening to conversations between employees and customers in retail stores, in order to provide retail data to convert more customers. It was the outcome of someone who has worked in retail for years, paired up with a cofounder with tech background.Are you a founder who moved to India to launch their own startup? Please reach out at shubhangigoel@insider.com

I'm a VC in the world's fastest-growing economy. I look for 5 traits in first-time founders.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The London Natural History Museum's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/most-popular-wildlife-photos-of-the-year-2020-11">Wildlife Photographer of the Year contest</a> awards images that showcase the diversity and fragility of life.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-wildlife-photos-rare-lynx-gecko-coil-lion-dripping-blood-2021-8">This year</a>, the contest drew a record of more than 50,000 entries from photographers in 95 countries.</li></ul>The camouflage grouper is declining due to overfishing, but each July, beneath a full moon, the fish begin to multiply.For five years, biologist Laurent Ballesta has returned to a lagoon in Fakarava, French Polynesia every July to photograph the groupers spawning. He and his team dove night and day to capture photos of the fish darting through clouds of eggs and sperm, which mix and fertilize in the warm tropical waters.The above photo, which Ballesta calls "Creation," is the result of that effort, and it won the prestigious Grand Title award in the 2021 <a href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/wpy/">Wildlife Photographer of the Year</a> contest. The competition, developed and produced by the Natural History Museum in London, aims to showcase the diversity and fragility of the planet's <keyword id="11893490" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wildlife" source="Orion">wildlife</keyword>. The museum announced its winners on Tuesday.This year, the contest drew more entries than ever before - more than 50,000 photos from photographers in 95 countries. But "Creation" stood out."The image works on so many levels. It is surprising, energetic, and intriguing and has an otherworldly beauty," Roz Kidman Cox, who chaired the judges panel, said in a statement. "It also captures a magical moment - a truly explosive creation of life - leaving the tail-end of the exodus of eggs hanging for a moment like a symbolic question mark."Other winning photos across 19 categories reveal the devastation of climate change and environmental destruction. They show dead coral, melting sea ice, and dwindling animal populations. But many are also snapshots of persistence: creatures procreating, fighting for mates, and caring for their young.<h2>A photo of an inconspicuous spider won the contest's Grand Title for youth photographers</h2><div type="image" title="spider in web dome with colorful background" height="1700" width="2560" msid="86981320" hostid="261"></div>Vidyun Hebbar, age 10, was exploring a theme park near his home in Bengaluru, India, when he spotted a tent spider in a gap in a wall. The tiny creature was perched upside down in a dome-shaped web it had woven across the wall.He held up his camera and clicked as a tuk tuk passed by. The motorized rickshaw made a colorful background for the spider and its intricate silk web."The jury loved this photo from the beginning of the judging process. It is a great reminder to look more closely at the small <keyword id="11897851" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="animals" source="Orion">animals</keyword> we live with every day, and to take your camera with you everywhere," Dr. Natalie Cooper, a researcher at the Natural History Museum who sat on the judges panel, said in a statement.<h2>A hungry grizzly bear made eye contact with the camera before trashing it</h2><div type="image" title="grizzly bear peering at you from the right with elk carcass in the background snow" height="854" width="1280" msid="86981321" hostid="261"></div>US photographer Zack Clothier thought these wild elk remains might attract a grizzly bear. So he set up his camera nearby and retreated. When he came back, he found his setup trashed.This image, with the grizzly eyeballing the camera, was the last one snapped."Your eye goes to the rib cage, moves to the antlers and then gets a jolt from the great grizzly head looming into view," Cox said. "It is a story picture - the harsh winter environment, the bear emerging from its hibernation den to make use of what food it can find. But what gives it the edge is the bear's expression. You cannot help smiling."<h2>An aerial image of seals giving birth on melting ice shows blood, new life, and impending doom</h2><div type="image" title="cracking field of arctic sea ice peppered with distant seals and smears of blood" height="852" width="1280" msid="86981322" hostid="261"></div>US photographer Jennifer Hayes spent hours on a helicopter searching for these harp seals' birthing grounds. As they came into view, her camera captured the scattered seals and the smears of blood their births had left on the ice."It was a pulse of life that took your breath away," Hayes said in a statement.But the ice beneath the seals is fragmenting. As Arctic air and oceans get warmer, northern sea ice is becoming more scarce. That's likely to cause major disruptions and population crashes for animals that rely on the ice."What an impactful picture - a record of both birth and imminent disaster," Cox said. "Adult harp seals give scale to this frozen sea stained with the blood of new life that is cracking apart too early, indicating the likely carnage to come as the ice melts and the pups, in their fluffy white coats, drown - a drama representative of the climate emergency."For those reasons, Hayes's photo won the contest's Oceans category.<h2>A venomous spider guarded its brood beneath a photographer's bed</h2><div type="image" title="large brown spider in corner with hundreds of tiny black specks" height="853" width="1280" msid="86981324" hostid="261"></div>Gil Wizen noticed tiny spiders swarming in his bedroom one day. When the photographer peeked under his bed, he found the culprit: a Brazilian wandering spider the size of his hand. One of the world's most venomous spiders had laid and hatched its eggs right below his place of rest.Wizen captured the scene before relocating the spider outside.<h2>One photographer returned to an old subject, only to find it dead</h2><h2><div type="image" title="dead coral reef with a hand holding a photo of previously vibrant colorful corals" height="853" width="1280" msid="86981325" hostid="261"></div></h2>David Doubilet has been taking his camera diving among corals for 30 years. In those decades, the reefs around him have changed. Many are dying as the oceans absorb the carbon dioxide humans are pumping into the atmosphere. That makes oceans more acidic, and the warming climate raises the water temperature at the same time.The coral colonies in this photo didn't survive. When the tiny animals that make up the coral - called polyps - died, that left the coral bleached.Doubilet returned to this coral skeleton with a photograph of its living form from nine years earlier.<h2>A white-tailed kite tried to teach its offspring how to woo a mate</h2><div type="image" title="white bird with wings extended mid-air holds mouse in claw while smaller bird with brown speckles reaches claws up to take the mouse" height="1800" width="1536" msid="86981327" hostid="261"></div>The younger California bird was trying to take a live mouse from the claws of its father while hovering in mid-air, according to photographer Jack Zhi. This is how the juvenile must eat until it can hunt for itself. The exchange is also practice for future courtship, when a male bird offers prey to a female.This gold-speckled youngster had only been flying for two days. It clumsily tried to reach its claws up to take the mouse, but didn't quite get the prize. It learned quickly, though, and circled around to grab its prey from behind the older bird.<h2>Other creatures were fighting for the right to woo </h2><div type="image" title="cichlid fish face off with mouths wide open" height="854" width="1280" msid="86981328" hostid="261"></div>The colorful pair of male cichlid fish in this image are facing off, jaw to jaw, over a female hiding in a snail shell, ready to lay eggs. Photographer Angel Fitor spent three weeks diving to the bottom of Lake Tanganyika, an enormous freshwater lake at the center of Africa, looking for such cichlid fish fights. This one lasted just seconds.<h2>Dueling reindeer also battled over females</h2><div type="image" title="two white reindeer locking antlers in snow" height="853" width="1280" msid="86981329" hostid="261"></div>During the rutting season in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, male reindeer clash antlers over harems of females. These two fought until the dominant male, on the left, chased his rival away.Photographer Stefano Unterthiner said in a statement that he felt immersed in "the smell, the noise, the fatigue, and the pain."The Svalbard subspecies of reindeer is unique to that area. But on the island, climate change has led to increased rainfall, which can freeze on the ground and block reindeer from eating the plants that are usually accessible through soft snow.<h2>On an island within an island, a red fox scavenged for dead salmon</h2><div type="image" title="fox creeps through dark shallow waters" height="853" width="1280" msid="86981331" hostid="261"></div>This animal is one of two foxes living on a small island in Karluk Lake, which is nested in Alaska's Kodiak Island. Photographer Jonny Armstrong followed the fox for several days as she pounced at birds, ate berries, and even nipped at the heels of a young brown bear.Then a storm began to roll in, bringing a somber backdrop. As the vixen scanned the shallows for sockeye salmon that had died after spawning, Armstrong laid on his stomach at the water's edge to capture her focused gaze.<h2>The winner in the portraits category shows a mountain gorilla at peace in the rain</h2><div type="image" title="mountain gorilla face with eyes closed in the rain" height="2308" width="1536" msid="86981332" hostid="261"></div>The gorilla, named Kibande, is almost 40 years old. He's a member of a dwindling subspecies of eastern gorilla. Just two populations of these mountain gorillas remain in the wild - one in the Virunga volcanoes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and one in Uganda's Bwindi forest. They're threatened by poaching, habitat destruction, and disease.Photographer Majed Ali trekked four hours uphill in his attempt to photograph Kibande."The more we climbed, the hotter and more humid it got," Majed said in a statement.As rain began to fall and cool the air, Kibande closed his eyes and let the droplets fall over his face.

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