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COVID-19 can reactivate several latent viruses lurking in the body's cells following previous infections, particularly in people with chronic fatigue syndrome, according to a study. The findings, published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology, contribute to our understanding of the causes of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as ME/CFS, and the prospects of reaching a diagnosis. Severe, long-term fatigue, post-exertional malaise, pain and sleep problems are characteristic signs of the disease. The causes of the condition are not known with certainty, although it has been established that the onset in most cases follows a viral or bacterial infection. "Our study now shows that objective measurements are available that show physiological differences in the body's reaction to viruses between ME patients and healthy controls," said <keyword id="15544564" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="anders-rosen" source="Orion">Anders Rosen</keyword>, a professor at <keyword id="2846614" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="linkoping-university" source="Orion">Linkoping University</keyword>, Sweden, and leader of the study. The extensive spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus during the COVID-19 pandemic gave researchers a unique opportunity to study what happens in people with ME/CFS during a mild virus infection and compare this with what happens in healthy controls. The research team, in collaboration with the Bragee Clinic in Stockholm, initiated a study early in the pandemic, involving 95 patients who had been diagnosed with ME/CFS and 110 healthy controls. They provided blood and saliva samples on four occasions during one year. The researchers analysed samples for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and latent viruses and found a special fingerprint of antibodies against common herpes viruses in saliva. One of these viruses was the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which has infected nearly everybody. Most people experience a mild infection during childhood. People who are infected with EBV in their teenage years can develop glandular fever, also known as "kissing disease". The virus then remains in a latent condition in the body. The EBV virus may proliferate in situations in which the immune system is impaired, causing fatigue, autoimmune responses, and increased risk of lymphoma if allowed to continue, the researchers said. Around half of the participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the pandemic and developed mild COVID-19, they said. In more than one-third of cases, the infection had been asymptomatic, so the person had not been aware of the infection. After the SARS-CoV-2 infection had passed, however, the researchers detected specific antibodies in the saliva that suggested that three latent viruses had been strongly reactivated, one of them being EBV. The reactivation was seen both in patients with ME/CFS and in the control group but was significantly stronger in the ME/CFS group. This can have negative consequences, one of which is that the immune system attacks certain tissues, such as nerve tissue, in the body, the researchers said. Previous studies have also shown that the mitochondria, which produce energy in the cells, are affected, which suppresses the energy metabolism of people with ME/CFS, they said. "Another important result from the study is that we see differences in antibodies against the reactivated viruses only in the saliva, not in the blood. This means that we should use saliva samples when investigating antibodies against latent viruses in the future," said Rosen. He noted that there is a great deal of overlap between the symptoms of ME/CFS and those of long COVID, which is experienced by around one-third of patients who contract COVID-19. Exhaustion after light exercise, brain fog and unrefreshing sleep are common symptoms, while impaired lung capacity and abnormal senses of smell and taste are more specific for long COVID. The findings can contribute to developing immunological tests to diagnose ME/CFS, and possibly also long COVID, the researchers added. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/health-ministry-rejects-claim-covaxin-was-rushed-due-to-political-pressure/articleshow/95576897.cms">Health Ministry rejects claim 'Covaxin was rushed due to political pressure'</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/novel-artificial-enzymes-could-help-kill-covid-virus-study/articleshow/95575741.cms">Novel artificial enzymes could help 'kill' Covid virus: Study</a>

Covid-19 can reactivate latent viruses lurking in the body's cells

This originally appeared in Insider's 10 Things Before the Opening Bell newsletter.Hello readers. Phil Rosen here, reporting from New York. As a financial journalist, I spend a lot of time seeing what people well smarter than me have to say about money, markets, and the economy.One report, written by the Federal Reserve's own economists, left me with not exactly an upbeat outlook. More on that below. ICYMI: This is the last week of 10 Things Before the Opening Bell. You'll still be able to get our latest markets news directly in your inboxes via our flagship newsletter, Insider Today, which will be revamped in the next few weeks. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today">Sign up here</a>.Plus, you can also <a href="https://www.insider.com/app">download our app and sign up for markets notifications</a>.<a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6"></a>1. Researchers at the US central bank just published a paper warning that a historic surge in the percentage of distressed American companies could<a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6"> worsen the fallout</a> from the Fed's inflation battle.Plainly, they said <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6">high borrowing costs</a> could cause a huge number of companies to crumble."The share of nonfinancial firms in financial distress has reached a level that is higher than during most <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6">previous tightening episodes</a> since the 1970s," Ander Perez-Orive and Yannick Timmer wrote.The Fed's 10 consecutive interest rates — intended to quell historically high prices — threaten to hammer business investment, employment, and economic activity. Now, the economists said, it's possible that debt-ridden companies will avoid spending money on <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6">new developments or facilities, hiring, or production</a>.The full extent of the damage remains to be seen, but as of now, the central bank authors said about <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6">37% of firms are in trouble</a>.That is, more than a third of companies could default in the coming months, thanks to tightening monetary policy. Pardon the jargon, but here's how the researchers put it:"Our hypothesis is that following a policy tightening, <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6">access to external financing</a> deteriorates more for firms that are in distress than for healthy firms, while following a policy easing, external financing conditions do not change appreciably enough for the two groups of firms to trigger a differential response."Got it? It's okay, I didn't either the first time around. Basically, they are predicting that <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-distressed-companies-monetary-policy-interest-rates-economy-inflation-unemployment-2023-6">companies feel pain in times of policy tightening</a>, especially those with weaker balance sheets to begin with. But at the same time, loosening of policy doesn't necessarily translate to smoother sailing in the same way. What's your outlook for the state of business activity in the US for the rest of the year? Tweet me (<a href="https://twitter.com/philrosenn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@philrosenn</a>) or email me (prosen@insider.com) to let me know.In other news:<a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/housing-market-rebound-cities-home-price-growth-miami-atlanta-chicago-2023-6"></a><div type="image" title="Miami housing market" height="1936" width="3871" msid="101340687" hostid="261"></div>2. US stock futures fall early Wednesday, as traders brace for Fed Chair Jerome Powell to speak before a policy panel at the European Central Bank Forum. <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/premarket?nr_email_referer=1&amp;utm_source=Sailthru&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=Opening_bell&amp;utm_campaign=Post%20Blast%20%20:%20The%20stock%20market%20is%20going%20to%20be%20trading%20flat%20as%20long%20as%20risk-free%20assets%20offer%20much%20more%20yield&amp;utm_term=10%20THINGS%20BEFORE%20THE%20OPENING%20BELL%20SEND%20LIST">Check out the latest market moves</a>.3. Earnings on deck: BlackBerry, Bed Bath &amp; Beyond, and more, all <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/earnings-calendar">reporting</a>.4. A chief market strategist explained why a recession won't hit anytime soon. She said investors should be focused on underperforming sectors right now <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stock-market-investing-strategy-buy-underperforming-sectors-recession-outlook-stonex-2023-6">instead of getting into hot tech stocks</a>. 5. Ukrainian debt is now one of the hottest emerging market investments. Russian setbacks have lifted Kyiv's economic prospects, Bloomberg data showed, with the country's sovereign dollar bonds returning over 30% in the second quarter — <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/bonds/ukrainian-debt-emerging-market-asset-investing-russia-wagner-mutiny-counteroffensive-2023-6">and most of those gains have come this month</a>.6. Investors should monitor these bearish signals to stay ahead of a potential sell-off in the stock market. That's according to Bank of America, which pointed to technical signals that are beginning to surface following the S&amp;P 500's recent rally. <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/bearish-signals-stock-market-outlook-dow-theory-analysis-breadth-resistance-2023-6">Full details</a>. 7. The housing market is showing signs of a rebound. Home prices stabilized in April, CoreLogic data published Tuesday showed. <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/housing-market-rebound-cities-home-price-growth-miami-atlanta-chicago-2023-6">These are the three cities that saw the biggest home price increases</a>. 8. "Time to get greedy." That's what 35-year market veteran Kevin Rendino said about small stocks, which investors are avoiding like it's 2008. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/small-stocks-to-buy-investing-strategy-2008-market-crash-rendino-2023-6">He said this batch of names look set to soar as much as 800%. </a>9. A 20-year fund manager shared the eight mega-trend stocks he's betting on. These names look poised to take market share, he said — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/top-stocks-to-buy-mega-trends-themes-shorts-fund-manager-2023-6">but these are the five names he's shorting now</a>.<a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tesla-stock-price-elon-musk-overvalued-goldman-sachs-morgan-stanley-2023-6"></a><div type="image" title="Tesla stock price on June 28, 2023" height="1028" width="1128" msid="101340689" hostid="261"></div>10. Tesla's best stock run since 2020 is being spoiled by Wall Street downgrades. Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Barclays have all warned that Elon Musk's EV-maker could see its shares slide soon, as it could be overvalued following its latest rally. <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tesla-stock-price-elon-musk-overvalued-goldman-sachs-morgan-stanley-2023-6">See the numbers</a>. Curated by Phil Rosen in New York. Feedback or tips? Tweet <a href="https://twitter.com/philrosenn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@philrosenn</a> or email <a href="mailto:prosen@insider.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">prosen@insider.com</a>.Edited by Max Adams (<a href="https://twitter.com/maxradams?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@maxradams</a>) in New York and Hallam Bullock (<a href="https://twitter.com/hallam_bullock" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@hallam_bullock</a>) in London.

The Federal Reserve thinks catastrophe is coming for US businesses

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Bryan Bedder/Getty Images for The New York TimesGoldman Sachs Group chairman and CEO Lloyd Blankfein.</div></div></div><section><article><div><div><section data-share-hash=""><div>Goldman Sachs just announed a new class of managing directors.</div><div></div><div>Here's the statement:</div></section></div>NEW YORK, November 8, 2017 -- The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) today announced that it has selected a new class of Managing Directors, effective from January 1, 2018, the start of the firm's next fiscal year."Our new Managing Directors have demonstrated an outstanding commitment to our people, clients and culture during their tenures at the firm, and we wish them continued success as they take this important next step in their careers," said Lloyd C. Blankfein, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs.The following individuals have been promoted to Managing Director: Gregg Abramson Sanjay Acharya Khalid Albdah Amal Alibair Karthikeyan Anbalagan Rolf Andersson Volker Anger Jonathan Armstrong Ken Ashley Lavanya Ashok Sebastian Ayton Jonathan Babkow Julio Badi Amitayush Bahri Soren Balzer Robert Barlick Jr. Philip Barreca Santiago Bau David Bauer Oksana Beard Lee Becker Virender Bedi Stuart Beer Christian Beerli Amanda Beisel Yumiko Bekku David Bell Pierre Benichou Andrew Benito Marco Bensi Laura Benson Stephen Bergin Daniel Berglund Greg Berry Shital Bhatt Dipanjan Bhattacharjee Anu Bhavnani Carissa Biggie Vineet Birman Daniel Bitel Anne Black Richard Blore Emmanuel Bodenstein Timothy Braude Sean Brenan Hugh Briscoe Nathaniel Bristol Leo Brito Troy Broderick Levee Brooks Eric Brothers Robert Bruns III Anthony Bunnell Meg Burke Susan Burt Sean Butkus Russell Byrne Edward Byun Adam Cahill Alessandro Calace Cristiano Camargo Ken Cawley Swapan Chaddha Patrick Chamberlain Richard Chambers Daphne Chan Lily Chan Ben Chance Ginger Chang Vikram Chavali Alex Cheek Jae Joon Choi Ken Choi Paul Choi David Clark Denis Cleary Daniel Cleland-James Ayanna Clunis Pamela Codo-Lotti Jesse Cohen Paul Coles Simon Coombes Jenny Cosco Philip Coureau Nathan Cowen Matthew Cox (Securities) Shaun Cullinan Christine D'Agostino Emile Daher Hiren Dasani Russell Day Pierre De Belen Merche del Valle Caitlin DeSantis Jack Devaney Thomas Devos Mats Dewitte Hristo Dimitrov Tim Dinsdale Isabella Disler Christian Ditullio Terence Doherty Yakut Donat Nicola Dondi Brian Dong Jason D'Silva Stefan Duffner Jane Dunlevie Marie Duval Julien Dyon Rohini Eapen Zach Eckler Sayaka Eda Jason Eisenstadt Chris Emmerson Tiffany Eng Chendan Esvaran Erkko Etula Liz Ewing Michael Fargher Matteo Farina Leigh Farris Sarah Faulkner Tom Favia Brett Feldman Jennifer Feng Jon Ferguson Alex Field Herbert Filho Alex Finston Dean Flanagan Greg Flynn Trip Foley Andrew Ho Kwon Fong Moran Forman Michael Fox Caroline Fraser Daniel Freckleton Tim Freeman Reto Frei Giles French Kirsten Frivold Michael Fu Rob Fuentes Kenji Fujimoto Carrie Gannon Chantal Garcia Akhil Garg Alex Garner Nick Gelber Andrew Gent Gizelle George-Joseph Andrea Gift Sean Gilbride Andreas Glaser Yong Suan Goh Sona Gohel Amir Gold Jeremy Goldstein Steven Gonzalez Jeff Gowen Adam Greene Tom Groothaert Hannes Gsell Ashwin Gupta Ali Haji Ayaz Haji Robert Hamilton Kelly Victoria Hampson Raja Harb Andy Harding Ryan Harster Selma Hassan Stephen Hawinkels Jacqueline Haynes Jason He* Craig Hempstead David Herrmann David Hickey Thomas Hilger Mitch Hochberg Jodi Hochberger Jane Hodges Peter Hodgkinson Dylan Hogarty Tim Holliday Naftali Holtz Amy Hong Jason Hudes Earl Hunt Joseph Hwang Yoshinori Ide Kazuya Iketani Daniel Jackson Ankit Jain (Risk) Gaurav Jaitly Jan Janssen David Jeria Alnawaz Jiwa Kim Johns Scott Johnson Elis Jones Neil Jones Robert Jones Philip Joseph Anand Joshi 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Gilberto Marcheggiano James Marchese Michael Marcus Joshua Matheus Ann Mathews Chris Mathie Brian McCallion Graham McClelland Anne McCosker Michael Meehan (Compliance) Taylor Mefford Neil Mehta Adam Meister David Mericle Vitali Meschoulam Eric Meyers Alex Mignotte Andras Mikite Christopher Milligan Rahul Mistry Mike Mitchell Neil Moge Waleed Mohsin Babak Molavi Joel Monson Guy Morgan James Morris Antoine Munfa Aimee Mungovan Yuji Murata Dan Murphy Josh Murray Brian Musto Shehzad Nabi Devarajan Nambakam Ramanathan Narayanan Ganapathy Natarajan Danielle Natoli Murad Nayal Karim Nensi Scott Neu Dennis Ng Ken Ng Benjamin Ngan Joy Nguyen Salman Niaz Anders Nielsen (IMD) Howard Nifoussi Jun Niki Leah Nivison Laura Noble James Nolan Lauren Oakes Lynn Oberschmidt Allison O'Connor John O'Connor Shunil Ohrie Damian Ordish Leke Osinubi David Ossack Sathiya Padmanaban Danielle Pallin Salvador Pareja Dalmir Pasini Clorinda Pasqua Chris Pawson Paris Pender Patrick Perkins Philippe Perzi Wendy Peters Andy Phillips Flavio Picciotto Michael Pieck Sam Pirog Thomas Plank Joseph Plotkin Wade Podlich Ashish Pokharna Caitlin Pollak Charles Pollock Joe Porter Travis Potter Rohit Prabhu Richard Privorotsky Andrew Pucher Jay Rabinowitz Ankit Raj Harsha Rajamani Dmitry Rakhlin Yasser Rathore Edoardo Rava Elizabeth Reed Alexandre Reinert Stephen Reinhard Irfan Rendeci Christian Resch Andrew Rhee Riccardo Riboldi James Rinsler Caroline Riskey Helen Robinson Mark Rosen Amit Roy Joe Ryan Bernhard Rzymelka Takehiro Sakuramoto John Sales Rob Sarazen Vineeta Saxena Dominik Schaefer Andrea Scott Majid Sebti Bipin Sehgal Arseni Seregin Irma Sgarz Paulomi Shah Shreyas Shah Sunny Shah Faisal Shamsee Daniel Shapiro Mahesh Sharma Shripal Sharma Mai Shin Romy Shioda Toshimichi Shirai Mark Short Pankauz Shrestha David Shrimpton Obaid Siddiqui Mike Sidorov Scott Silverglate Stefani Silverstein Amy Silverzweig Jasdeep Singh Gabriella Skirnick Michael Sklow Maxine Sleeper Michael Slomienski Michael Sloyer Nicholas Smith (IBD) Ruth Smithson Christine Smyth Ben Snider Stacy Sonnenberg Cleaver Sower Ro Spaziani Brian Steele Johannes Steffens Duncan Stewart Stephen Stites Laurent Storoni Caroline Styant Joel Sulkes Mancy Sun Winnie Tam Nachiket Tamhane Ken Tang MK Tang Amish Tanna Melissa Teng Ross Tennenbaum Greg Thompson Fiona Thomson Justin Tobe Jason Tofsky Brad Tuthill Masahiro Uchiyama Nehal Udeshi Saad Usmani Meg Vaden Pramod Vaidyanathan Adam Van de Berghe Fred van der Wyck Suzanne van Staveren Andrew Vass Mahesh Vellanki Kadambari Verma Christopher Vilburn Iva Vukina Heng Vuong Ketan Vyas Joe Wall Jeffrey Wang Jiantao Wang Joshua Wang Lily Wang (Technology) Sherry Wang Victoria Ward (Compliance) Jeff Warren Noriko Watanabe Ramey Watkins Sam Watkins Heiko Weber Niki Webster Scott Weinstein Ryan Westmacott James Westwood Keith Wetzel Mark Wetzel James Whittingham Sabine Wick Robert Wieser Devin Wilde David Wilkins John Wilkinson Andrew Williams Ed Wong (IBD Technology) Eric Wong (Internal Audit) Kate Wood Amanda Wu Douglas Wu Joanne Xu Liang Xu** Rupam Yadav Kazushi Yamaguchi Hubert Yang Lisa Yang Basak Yavuz Zeynep Yenel David Yu Brian Zakrocki Thomas Zeppetella Yi Zhang* Adib Zouein Patrik Zumstein Piotr Zurawski Jonathan Zwart*Employee of Goldman Sachs Gao Hua Securities Company Limited **Employee of Beijing Gao Hua Securities Company Limited</div></article></section>Get the latest Goldman Sachs stock price<a href="http://markets.businessinsider.com/stock/GS-Quote"> here.</a> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/interview-with-kristina-hooper-chief-investment-strategist-at-invesco-2017-11">We talked to the chief investment strategist at $920 billion fund giant Invesco about where you should invest right now</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

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Covid-19 can reactivate latent viruses lurking in the body's cells

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The Federal Reserve thinks catastrophe is coming for US businesses

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Goldman Sachs' new managing director list is out

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