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<ul><li>2.3 million newborns die of severe bacterial infections each year, the experts said in a report published in the December 2022 Bulletin of the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>.</li><li>Over the last decade, <keyword id="149212" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="amr" source="Orion">AMR</keyword> has worsened to the point where around 50-70 per cent of common pathogens show a high degree of resistance to available first and second-line antibiotics, they said.</li><li>According to the report, ethical concerns, logistical issues and regulatory requirements have made it difficult to conduct clinical research in newborns.</li></ul>There is an urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborn babies, a population that is particularly vulnerable to antibiotic resistance, according to leading global public health experts including those from India. Recent estimates show about 2.3 million newborns die of severe bacterial infections each year while an increasing number are becoming resistant to currently used antibiotics, the experts said in a report published in the December 2022 Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Over the last decade, AMR has worsened to the point where around 50-70 per cent of common pathogens show a high degree of resistance to available first and second-line antibiotics, they said. The paper is co-authored by international experts in the field of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including those from the Global Antibiotic Research &amp; Development Partnership (GARDP) and <keyword id="6365231" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="all-india-institute-of-medical-sciences" source="Orion">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</keyword> (<keyword id="40458" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="aiims" source="Orion">AIIMS</keyword>). The authors noted that despite substantial progress in medical research and a steep decline in the number of children under the age of five who die of preventable diseases, many problems related to child health remain to be tackled. Severe bacterial infections are one of them. "There is an urgent need to identify high priority antibiotics to understand which ones work best and safely in children, and then make them available where they are needed," said <keyword id="15914044" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mike-sharland" source="Orion">Mike Sharland</keyword> from St George's, <keyword id="125994" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-london" source="Orion">University of London</keyword> (SGUL), and member of the <keyword id="15914043" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="antimicrobial-resistance-programme" source="Orion">Antimicrobial Resistance Programme</keyword> at Penta - Child Health Research. "By achieving global consensus, we can streamline the process of antibiotic development, allow for faster access to antibiotics, and reduce the burden of AMR on the vulnerable neonatal population," added <keyword id="1651099" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="manica-balasegaram" source="Orion">Manica Balasegaram</keyword>, Executive Director of GARDP. The report also highlights how collaborative antibiotic development and access network specifically targeting newborns could also prove valuable compared to single independent studies. A successful example, the authors noted, has been the collaboration between GARDP, Penta - Child Health Research, SGUL, and other partners on a recent global observational study of 3,200 babies with neonatal sepsis across 19 hospitals in 11 countries. They are also partnering on an upcoming clinical trial, which will start in South Africa within the next few months before being expanded to other countries. Despite a rising number of newborn deaths caused by AMR, very few effective antibiotics have been adequately studied to treat serious bacterial infections such as neonatal sepsis, the authors said. As many as 40 antibiotics approved for use in adults since 2000, only four have included dosing information for newborns in their labels, they said. According to the report, ethical concerns, logistical issues and regulatory requirements have made it difficult to conduct clinical research in newborns. There is a long delay in completing paediatric regulatory studies and they are also not harmonised globally to demonstrate clinical utility in newborns, it said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ces-2023-dates-news-products-and-what-to-expect/articleshow/96591686.cms">All-new Apple CarPlay features to AI for automobiles — here are some car technologies expected to arrive in 2023</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ces-2023-dates-news-products-and-what-to-expect/articleshow/96591686.cms">CES 2023: Dates, news, products, and what to expect</a>

Urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborns say global experts

There is an urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborn babies, a population that is particularly vulnerable to antibiotic resistance, according to leading global public health experts including those from India. Recent estimates show about 2.3 million newborns die of severe bacterial infections each year while an increasing number are becoming resistant to currently used antibiotics, the experts said in a report published in the December 2022 Bulletin of the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>. Over the last decade, <keyword id="149212" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="amr" source="Orion">AMR</keyword> has worsened to the point where around 50-70 per cent of common pathogens show a high degree of resistance to available first and second-line antibiotics, they said. The paper is co-authored by international experts in the field of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including those from the Global Antibiotic Research &amp; Development Partnership (GARDP) and the <keyword id="6365231" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="all-india-institute-of-medical-sciences" source="Orion">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</keyword> (<keyword id="40458" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="aiims" source="Orion">AIIMS</keyword>). The authors noted that despite substantial progress in medical research and a steep decline in the number of children under the age of five who die of preventable diseases, many problems related to child health remain to be tackled. Severe bacterial infections are one of them. "There is an urgent need to identify high-priority antibiotics to understand which ones work best and safely in children, and then make them available where they are needed," said <keyword id="15914044" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mike-sharland" source="Orion">Mike Sharland</keyword> from St George's, <keyword id="125994" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-london" source="Orion">University of London</keyword> (SGUL), and member of the <keyword id="15914043" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="antimicrobial-resistance-programme" source="Orion">Antimicrobial Resistance Programme</keyword> at Penta - Child Health Research. "By achieving global consensus, we can streamline the process of antibiotic development, allow for faster access to antibiotics, and reduce the burden of AMR on the vulnerable neonatal population," added <keyword id="1651099" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="manica-balasegaram" source="Orion">Manica Balasegaram</keyword>, Executive Director of GARDP. The report also highlights how collaborative antibiotic development and access networks specifically targeting newborns could also prove valuable compared to single independent studies. A successful example, the authors noted, has been the collaboration between GARDP, Penta - Child Health Research, SGUL, and other partners on a recent global observational study of 3,200 babies with neonatal sepsis across 19 hospitals in 11 countries. They are also partnering on an upcoming clinical trial, which will start in South Africa within the next few months before being expanded to other countries. The authors said that despite a rising number of newborn deaths caused by AMR, very few effective antibiotics have been adequately studied to treat serious bacterial infections such as neonatal sepsis. As many as 40 antibiotics have been approved for use in adults since 2000, but only four have included dosing information for newborns in their labels, they said. According to the report, ethical concerns, logistical issues and regulatory requirements have made it difficult to conduct clinical research on newborns. There is a long delay in completing paediatric regulatory studies and they are also not harmonised globally to demonstrate clinical utility in newborns, it said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/indias-agrochemicals-industry-to-see-double-digit-growth-in-fy23-and-fy24-on-strong-exports-boost-says-crisil/articleshow/96572842.cms">India’s agrochemicals industry to see double-digit growth in FY23 and FY24 on strong exports boost, says Crisil</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/from-egypt-to-belarus-countries-that-are-covid-free-amid-a-global-rise-in-cases/slidelist/96591191.cms">From Egypt to Belarus: Countries that are Covid free amid a global rise in cases</a>

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/syriafreedom2/6867346602/">Flickr/FreedomHouse2</a></div>Syrian <keyword id="6373591" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="rebels">rebels</keyword> on Sunday launched a surprise dawn attack on Baba Amr, a former rebel stronghold in the central city of Homs, a year after it was taken by the army in a bloody battle, a monitoring group said.
"At dawn, the rebels launched a surprise attack on Baba Amr, which they have entered," Syrian Observatory for Human Rights director Rami Abdel Rahman, who was in contact with the rebels, told AFP.
"The rebels infiltrated Baba Amr during the night. Those manning the army checkpoints barely had time to realise what was going on," said Omar, an activist who was also in touch with the insurgents.
The Homs district gained notoriety when hundreds of Syrians were killed last year during more than a month of army bombardment and combat with the outgunned rebels, who were finally driven out by troops loyal to President Bashar al-Assad.
Reflecting its importance to the regime, Assad visited the devastated district on March 27 to mark the "victory" of his troops, and made promises broadcast on state television that Baba Amr would rise again and return to "normal life."
As well as those killed in the siege, dozens of bodies were found in neighbouring districts of Homs, and included those of people fleeing the fighting in Baba Amr, according to the Observatory.
Two foreign journalists, American reporter Marie Colvin of The Sunday Times in Britain and French photojournalist Remi Ochlik, were among those killed in the fighting when a makeshift media centre in Baba Amr was shelled by Syrian forces.
The army, which controls around 80 percent of Homs, launched an offensive several days ago aimed at capturing rebel enclaves, notably in the northern Khaldiyeh district and in the old city, using helicopters to bombard them.
"Thinking that the situation was under their control in the other districts, the army reduced its presence there, concentrating in particular on retaking Khaldiyeh," said the Observatory's Abdel Rahman.
"The rebels took advantage of the situation with a surprise attack on Baba Amr," he added.
The soldiers in Homs also appeared to have been distracted by a double truck bombing launched last week by the jihadist Al-Nusra Front on checkpoints at the entrance to <keyword id="6354913" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Syria">Syria</keyword>'s third-largest city, according to the Observatory.
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Copyright (2013) AFP. All rights reserved.
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Syria Rebels 'Launch Assault On Key Homs District' 

High levels of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are causing life-threatening bloodstream infections, according to the latest report released by the WHO. For the first time, the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) report released on Friday provides analyses of antimicrobial resistance (<keyword id="149212" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="amr" source="Orion">AMR</keyword>) rates in national testing coverage, AMR trends since 2017, and data on antimicrobial consumption in humans in 27 countries. The report shows more than 50 per cent resistance in bacteria, which frequently causes bloodstream infections that require treatment with last-resort antibiotics. Meanwhile, common bacterial infections are becoming increasingly resistant to treatments. More than 60 per cent of Neisseria gonorrhoea isolates, a common sexually transmitted disease, have shown resistance to the common oral antibacterial ciprofloxacin. WHO's Essential Medicines List divides antibiotics into three categories: access, watch and reserve. Medicines in the access group are available at all times as treatments for a wide range of common infections; the watch group lists antibiotics that are recommended as first or second choice treatments for a small number of infections, while the reserve group is for antibiotics which should only be used as a last resort in the most severe circumstances. The report shows that bloodstream infections due to resistant E. coli, <keyword id="396235" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="salmonella" source="Orion">Salmonella</keyword> and gonorrhoea increased by at least 15 per cent compared to 2017. More research is required to identify how this is related to increased hospitalisations and antibiotic treatments during the Covid-19 pandemic, the WHO says. Countries with lower rates of testing, mostly low- and middle-income countries, are more likely to report significantly higher AMR rates, <keyword id="106387" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="xinhua-news-agency" source="Orion">Xinhua news agency</keyword> reported. "Antimicrobial resistance undermines modern medicine and puts millions of lives at risk," said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "To truly understand the extent of the global threat and mount an effective public health response to AMR, we must scale up microbiology testing and provide quality-assured data across all countries, not just wealthier ones." SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/two-adani-group-companies-rule-as-the-top-all-round-wealth-creators/articleshow/96109684.cms">Two Adani Group companies rule as the top all-round wealth creators – here are a few other unexpected entries</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/ril-adani-enterprises-are-the-biggest-and-most-consistent-wealth-creators-as-per-motilal-oswal-report/articleshow/96085753.cms">RIL, Adani Enterprises are the biggest and most consistent wealth creators: Motilal Oswal</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/fpis-invest-over-36000-crore-in-indian-equities-in-november-financial-services-is-top-favourite/articleshow/96082197.cms">FPIs invest over ₹36,000 crore in Indian equities in November – Financial services is top favourite</a>

WHO concerned over increasing antibiotic resistance in human infections

<div class="image-container" style="width:622px"><div class="image"></div><a href="http://airchive.com/blog/2013/01/19/the-eagle-rises-again-onboard-american-airlines-boeing-777-300er-inaugural-flight/">Chris Sloan/Airchive</a></div>
DALLAS (AP) — <keyword id="88011" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="american-airlines">American Airlines</keyword> and <keyword id="64086" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="US-Airways">US Airways</keyword> will merge and create the world's biggest airline. The boards of both companies approved the deal late Wednesday, according to four people close to the situation.
The carrier will keep the American Airlines name but will be run by US Airways CEO Doug Parker. American's CEO, Tom Horton, will serve as chairman of the new company until mid-2014, these people said. They requested anonymity because the merger negotiations were private.
The merger caps a turbulent period of bankruptcies and consolidation that will leave the U.S. airline industry dominated by four big carriers — American, United, Delta and Southwest. Together they would control almost three-quarters of U.S. airline traffic.
The deal has been in the works since August, when creditors forced American to consider a merger rather than remain independent. American has been restructuring under bankruptcy protection since late 2011. AMR creditors and possibly its shareholders will own 72 percent of the stock, and US Airways Group Inc. shareholders will get the rest, three of the people said.
A formal announcement is expected Thursday morning.
If the deal is approved by American's bankruptcy judge and antitrust regulators, the new American will have more than 900 planes, 3,200 daily flights and about 95,000 employees, not counting regional affiliates. It will be slightly bigger than United Airlines by passenger traffic.
Travelers on American and US Airways won't notice immediate changes. It likely will be months before the frequent-flier programs are merged, and possibly years before the two airlines are fully combined.
When that happens, American's presence will grow in key East Coast markets including New York's LaGuardia Airport and Washington's Reagan National Airport. The merger will add US Airways hubs in Charlotte, Philadelphia and Phoenix to American's in Dallas-Fort Worth, Chicago, Miami, New York and Los Angeles.
US Airways would boost American's service to Europe and the Latin America-Caribbean market but wouldn't fix American's weakness on routes to Asia.
Just five years ago, American was the world's biggest airline. It boasted a history reaching back 80 years to the beginning of air travel. It had popularized the frequent-flier program and developed the modern system of pricing airline tickets to match demand.
But years of heavy losses drove American and parent AMR Corp. into bankruptcy protection in late 2011. The company blamed bloated labor costs; its unions accused executives of mismanagement.
The merger is a stunning achievement for Parker and his management team at US Airways, based in Tempe, Ariz. Just a few years ago, they were running a mid-sized carrier called America West Airlines when they bought the old US Airways out of bankruptcy.
Parker's airline is only half the size of American and is less familiar around the world, but he prevailed by driving a wedge between American's management and its union workers and by convincing American's creditors that a merger made business sense.
Despite its smaller size, US Airways has prospered in the last several years, earning a record profit of $637 million last year.
"They've done an absolutely terrific job with what they have," said Bill Swelbar, an airline-industry researcher at MIT and board member of Hawaiian Airlines' parent company.
Parker began pursuing a merger almost as soon as AMR filed its Chapter 11 petition. He found willing partners in American's three labor unions, who have long fought with management at their own company over pay, work rules and executive bonuses. American suffered strikes by pilots and flight attendants in the 1990s. Bad feelings hardened in the early 2000s, when union workers took pay cuts to keep the company out of bankruptcy while AMR gave bonuses to management employees when the stock price rose.
AMR's Horton professed no interest in thinking about a merger until his company was out of bankruptcy court, but his creditors pressured him to reconsider. AMR lost more than $12 billion between 2001 and 2010. It has lost another $2.8 billion since it filed for bankruptcy protection in November 2011 — a period in which US Airways earned about $650 million. Some analysts and creditors called for new management at AMR.
Bob Herbst, a financial analyst who studies airlines, said AMR has failed to adapt to changes in the industry since consolidation began in the middle of the last decade. He said AMR was fixated on gaining market share rather than on profitability.
American ranked 14th out of 15 airlines in government rankings for on-time performance in 2012 (US Airways was fifth). Only United had a higher rate of complaints (but US Airways was barely better than American).
"They are continually at the bottom in on-time and customer service, and they're losing more money than anyone else," Herbst said. "American's management is leaving because that's what needs to happen."
AMR, however, has made measurable progress under Horton, who became CEO the day before the company filed for bankruptcy protection. The company earned operating profits in the second and third quarters of 2012, and its revenue for every seat flown one mile — an arcane-sounding statistic but one that is closely watched in the airline business — rose faster than at its rivals for much of the year. With leverage from bankruptcy laws, AMR won new union contracts with lower costs.
"I'm a big fan of Tom's; he's done a great job," said Mike Derchin, an analyst with CRT Capital Group. "He restructured the balance sheet, made the company more efficient and got a pilots' contract. He positioned the company for the future."
That performance may also have gotten a better deal for Horton's creditors. US Airways' initial proposal called for AMR creditors to get only 49 percent of the stock in the combined company, according to people familiar with the talks. Instead, they'll get 72 percent, although they might have to share some of that with shareholders, said the people familiar with the deal.
In recent weeks, AMR won bankruptcy court approval to buy hundreds of new planes from Boeing and Airbus, an important step to reduce fuel costs and offer a more comfortable experience for passengers. American even unveiled a new logo and paint job for its planes, although the reviews were mixed.
___
Follow David Koenig at <a href="http://www.twitter.com/airlinewriter">http://www.twitter.com/airlinewriter</a>
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Bankrupt American Airlines Will Finally Merge With US Airways--Creating World's Biggest Airline

<ul><li>Officers from <keyword id="68096" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Amreli-district">Amreli district</keyword>’s local crime branch unit have been accused of abducting and forcing the businessman to transfer 200 Bitcoins worth ₹120 million. </li><li> He was released on the surety that he would give them an additional ₹320 million through <keyword id="48292" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="hawala">hawala</keyword>. </li><li>The CID has formed a team to probe this high profile case.</li></ul>Surat-based builder and real estate player <keyword id="1142830" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Shailesh-Bhatt">Shailesh Bhatt</keyword> accused police officers from Amreli district’s local crime branch unit for abducting and forcing him to transfer 200 Bitcoins worth ₹120 million to them. He was released on the surety that he would also give them an additional ₹320 million through hawala. Acting on a complaint by the businessman on 23 February, Ashish Bhatia, the director general of police, Crime Investigation Department (CID) told <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/eight-gujarat-cops-booked-for-forcing-man-to-transfer-bitcoins-worth-rs-12-cr/story-qY20AbWcLG3ZUzPuxEl5DI.html" data-type="tilCustomLink">Hindustan Times</a> that, “Two policemen — constables Babu Der and Vijay Vadher — were arrested today (08 April). All other accused have gone underground. Efforts are on to nab them.” In all, eight police officers have been booked for the crime and Anant Patel, Amreli local crime branch unit inspector, is the main accused in the case. The incident took place on 11 February, when the businessman was apparently asked to get to <keyword id="6356847" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</keyword> by the policemen. He was then abducted and taken to a farmhouse where he was strong-armed into transferring the <keyword id="6354947" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="bitcoin">Bitcoin</keyword>s to an unidentified account. And though there is no evidence of the Bitcoin transfer, according to Bhatia, the accuser’s other claims have checked out. What is unclear, however, is why was Shailesh Bhatt picked for this crime. There is a distinct possibility that he was targeted because he himself may have stolen the Bitcoin from someone else. To which, Bhatia said, “Even if there was an application against Bhatt, it should have been forwarded to the superintendent of police or some higher authority for investigation,” The CID has formed a team to probe this high profile case.

This may be India’s first Bitcoin extortion case

New Delhi, Jan 16 () Drug firm Wockhardt on Thursday said that it has received approval from the Drug Controller General of India for its two new antibiotics.
 "DCGI (Drug Controller General of India) has approved Wockhardt's two new antibiotics, EMROK (IV) and EMROK 0 (Oral), for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including diabetic foot infections and concurrent bacteraemia...," the drug firm said in a regulatory filing.
 The new drug will target superbug like Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is a leading cause of rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
 "By virtue of its broad spectrum activity against widely prevalent pathogens including MRSA, superior safety over currently available anti-MRSA agents and its unique properties, I believe EMROK/EMROK-O has a strong potential to effectively address the unmet medical need of the clinicians in the country thereby helping to reduce the morbidity and mortality," Wockhardt Group founder chairman Habil Khorakiwala said.
 The size of Indian antibiotic market is around Rs 16,000 crore.
 AMR is a major public health problem globally. India carries one of the largest burdens of drug-resistant pathogens worldwide.
 Infections caused by drug-resistant organisms could lead to increased mortality and prolonged duration of hospitalisation, causing a huge financial burden to the affected persons, health-care systems, and hinder the goals of sustainable development.
 Two million deaths are projected to occur in India due to AMR by the year 2050, the company said.
 Currently available anti-MRSA agents have multiple side effects such as kidney damage, decrease in platelet cell counts and muscle pain, which limits their use for a longer period and compromise the safety of critically ill patients in the ICU. SID DRR

Wockhardt gets DGCI approval for 2 new antibiotics

New Delhi, Drugs to treat common infections in children and babies are no longer effective in large parts of the world, including India, due to high rates of antibiotic resistance, a study has found. The team led by researchers at the University of Sydney in Australia found many antibiotics recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) had less than 50 per cent effectiveness in treating childhood infections such as pneumonia, sepsis (bloodstream infections) and meningitis. The findings, published in The <keyword id="6361830" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="lancet" source="Orion">Lancet</keyword> regional Health-Southeast Asia journal, show global guidelines on antibiotic use are outdated and need updates. The most seriously affected regions are in Southeast Asia and the Pacific where thousands of unnecessary deaths in children resulting from antibiotic resistance occur each year, the researchers said. The WHO has declared that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. In newborns, an estimated three million cases of sepsis occur globally each year, with up to 570,000 (5.7 lakh) deaths. Many of these are due to lack of effective antibiotics to treat resistant bacteria. The study adds to mounting evidence that common bacteria responsible for sepsis and meningitis in children are often resistant to prescribed antibiotics. The research shows the urgent need for global antibiotic guidelines to be updated, to reflect the rapidly evolving rates of AMR. The most recent guidelines from the WHO were published in 2013. The study found that one antibiotic in particular, ceftriaxone, was likely to be effective in treating only one in three cases of sepsis or meningitis in newborn babies. Another antibiotic, gentamicin, was found likely to be effective in treating fewer than half of all sepsis and meningitis cases in children, according to the researchers. Gentamicin is commonly prescribed alongside aminopenicillins, which the study showed also has low effectiveness in combating bloodstream infections in babies and children. "Antibiotic resistance is rising more rapidly than we realize," said study lead author Phoebe Williams from the University of Sydney. "We urgently need new solutions to stop invasive multidrug-resistant infections and the needless deaths of thousands of children each year," Williams said. The study analysed 6,648 bacterial isolates from 11 countries across 86 publications to review antibiotic susceptibility for common bacteria causing childhood infections. The data collated largely arose from urban tertiary hospital settings with over-representation from particular countries, especially India and China. Williams said that the best way to tackle antibiotic resistance in childhood infections is to make funding to investigate new antibiotic treatments for children and newborns a priority. "Antibiotic clinical focus on adults and too often children and newborns are left out. That means we have very limited options and data for new treatments," she noted. "This study reveals important problems regarding the availability of effective antibiotics to treat serious infections in children," said study senior author Paul Turner, a professor at the University of Oxford, UK. "It also highlights the ongoing need for high quality laboratory data to monitor the AMR situation, which will facilitate timely changes to be made to treatment guidelines," Turner added.

Antibiotics for common childhood infections no longer effective in many parts of world: Lancet

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><a href="http://airchive.com/blog/2013/01/19/the-eagle-rises-again-onboard-american-airlines-boeing-777-300er-inaugural-flight/">Chris Sloan/Airchive</a></div>(<keyword id="76338" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Reuters">Reuters</keyword>) - <keyword id="88011" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="american-airlines">American Airlines</keyword> and US Airways Groupsaid they plan to merge in a deal that will form the world's biggest air carrier, which will have a combined equity value of $11 billion.
The merger caps a wave of consolidation that has helped put U.S. airlines on more solid financial footing.
The widely expected deal has been more than a year in the making. American, a unit of AMR Corp, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2011, and US Airways began its pursuit of a merger in early 2012.
(Reporting by Karen Jacobs in Atlanta and Sagarika Jaisinghani in Bangalore)
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American-US Airways Merger Sealed With $11 Billion Deal

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>The boss of one of Britain's biggest supermarkets, Sainsbury's, was acquitted on Thursday of embezzlement charges in Egypt&#xa0;brought against him as a representative of the supermarket.&#xa0;<a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/sainsburys-boss-mike-coupe-just-got-sentenced-to-two-years-in-an-egyptian-prison-2015-4">The charges were related to claims by&#xa0;Amr el Nasharty</a>,&#xa0;who owned an Egyptian grocer, called the&#xa0;Egyptian Distribution Group, in which&#xa0;Sainsbury's bought an 80% stake in, in 1999.In April, el-Nasharty claimed that Mike Coupe and Sainsbury's&#xa0;<a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/retailing/article4425528.ece">tried to seize cheques linked to a collapsed Egyptian business Sainsbury's invested in 16 years ago. Coupe was automatically convicted of the crime, however, because he "failed to attend the court hearings."</a>Sainsbury's appealed the conviction and today Coupe was acquitted of all charges.Sainsbury's said in an emailed statement to Business Insider:&#xa0;We are pleased that justice has prevailed today, with the court ruling in favour of Mike, and ultimately Sainsbury's.We have always strongly refuted the legal case in Egypt brought against our Chief Executive Mike Coupe, which relates to a historic commercial dispute which has absolutely nothing to do with Mr Coupe.Mike was not employed by Sainsbury's at the time of the original dispute in 2001 and has never met the complainant Mr el-Nasharty.&#xa0;el-Nasharty has brought several claims against the supermarket and its employees in the intervening years, all of which have consistently been rejected as spurious and without basis in fact.Mr Coupe was not in court to hear the verdict, which was relayed by Sainsbury's legal representatives in Egypt.<h2>The legal case</h2>The conviction stems from Sainsbury's attempt to enter the Egyptian market in 1999. It bought an 80% stake in Egyptian Distribution Group, also known as Edge.But Sainsbury's and its acquisition faced fierce opposition from the Egyptian people and a boycott of its stores in Cairo and Giza. Less than two years after trying to enter the market, it made £10 ?million ($15.3 million) of operating losses and withdrew from the country.Meanwhile, Sainsbury's apparently sold back its Edge shares to its founder Amr El Nasharty when it left the country in 2014. El Nasharty said he was forced to take a charge of £111 million ($170.3 million) to cover its losses.He then claimed for compensation from Sainsbury's after saying he was unaware when he was sold back the shares that the business was insolvent and had substantial tax liabilities.In July last year, Coupe took over from Justin King as CEO. Egyptian authorities alleged that he attempted to seize the cheques from the defunct company. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/chocolate-kinder-surprise-eggs-toys-2015-4">We got our hands on 'Kinder Surprise Eggs' - the global candy favorite that's still illegal in the US</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="JzcnlidDpB5a1Xs-qlzglXWaGqCUSWQA" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Sainsbury's boss Mike Coupe has been acquitted of embezzlement charges in Egypt

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/egyptians-scared-of-march-9-2013-3"></a></div>REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh Al-Ahly fans, also known as "Ultras", shout slogans against the Interior Ministry in front of the Al-Ahly club after hearing the final verdict of the 2012 Port Said massacre in Cairo.</div>The verdict that had everyone in <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/egyptians-scared-of-march-9-2013-3">Egypt scared </a>has come out and it's not good.
<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><a href="https://twitter.com/soliman91">@soliman on twitter</a><keyword id="6354912" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Egypt">Egypt</keyword>'s <keyword id="3071" type="SPORT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Soccer">soccer</keyword> federation headquarters is burning.</div>
<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/egyptians-scared-of-march-9-2013-3"></a></div>REUTERS/Amr DalshAl-Ahly "Ultras" surround the interior ministry.</div>
An Egyptian court on Saturday <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2013/03/09/world/middleeast/ap-ml-egypt.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss&amp;smid=tw-nytimes&amp;_r=0">confirmed the death sentences for 21 people</a> involved in a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/egyptian-soccer-riots-2012-2">deadly 2012 soccer riot</a>. The court also sentenced 22 other people to lesser sentences.
And the reaction that everyone feared is happening right now.
Fans of Cairo's Al-Ahly club — aka "Ultras" —<a href="https://twitter.com/soliman91/status/310348810171850752/photo/1"> stormed Egypt's soccer federation headquarters and set it on fire</a>, as seen in the right picture tweeted by Mohamed Soliman. They have <a href="https://twitter.com/AlArabiya_Eng">surrounded the interior ministry</a>.
Egyptian security forces have closed off all routes leading to Tahrir Square, according to AP.
Egypt's interior minister has declared a <a href="https://twitter.com/reuters/status/310354369386266624">state of emergency</a> due to intelligence that jihadists might attack police, according to state news via Reuters.
Two people have been killed, one protester during clashes in Cairo outside a hotel, <a href="http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/09/2-dead-in-egypt-protests-after-verdict-upheld/">CNN reports</a>. Fifteen others have been injured, the majority from smoke inhalation as small fires rage throughout the city. 
Al-Ahly fans also broke into an exclusive police officer's club and set it on fire. Residents were using garden hoses to put out the flames as crowds blocked fire trucks from getting to scene, <a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2013-03/09/c_132221526.htm">Xinhua reports</a>. 
We're adding live updates to this developing situation.
There were huge riots in late January when the 21 defendants were originally sentenced to death, and more deadly riots leading up to today. Things have been getting so heated that police went on strike, claiming they were not equipped to deal with violent protesters.
The case is related to a February 1, 2012 soccer riot between fans of Cairo's al-Masry and the hometown al-Ahly club. <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/01/world/africa/egypt-soccer-deaths/index.html">More than 1000 were injured</a> and at least <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/02/world/africa/egypt-soccer-deaths/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">79</a> were killed. <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/02/world/africa/egypt-soccer-deaths/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">The next day</a> two died in the city of Suez and more than 900 were injured in Cairo as hundreds of protesters attacked the security forces' headquarters in Suez and Cairo protestors gathered in Tahrir Square.
Meanwhile, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/whats-happening-in-cairo-egypt-2013-3">Egypt continues to fall apart</a>, as Islamist President Mohamed Morsi <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/03/john-kerry-mohammed-morsi-egypt-reforms_n_2801281.html?utm_hp_ref=world">fails to reform the country</a>, while his Muslim Brotherhood threatens to boycott elections. Violence is ever-present and seems likely to get worse as people express disappointment in the results of the 2011 Revolution.

Two People Killed In Egypt After Court Confirms Death Sentence Of Soccer Rioters

A big chunk of patients in India may no longer benefit from carbapenem, a powerful <keyword id="6369335" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="antibiotic" source="Orion">antibiotic</keyword> administered mainly in ICU settings to treat pneumonia and septicemia, as they have developed <keyword id="2005077" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="antimicrobial" source="Orion">antimicrobial</keyword> resistance to it, an <keyword id="6364396" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="icmr" source="Orion">ICMR</keyword> study has found. The data analysis done between January 1 and December 31, 2021 pointed towards a sustained increase in drug-resistant pathogens, resulting in difficulty to treat certain infections with available medicines, senior Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) scientist Dr Kamini Walia, who led the study, said. "Antibiotic resistance has the potential of taking the form of a pandemic in the near future if corrective measures are not taken immediately," she said. The ICMR study report was released on Friday. The data collected from the network has enabled compilation of drug resistance data on six pathogenic groups on antimicrobial resistance from the country. Data collected from the network is used to track resistance trends and to better understand mechanisms of resistance in the key priority pathogens using genotypic characterisation and whole genome sequencing (WGS). This is the fifth detailed report on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends and patterns from the country published by the ICMR. This year's report also carries hospital-acquired surveillance data. According to the ICMR report, resistance to Imipenem, which is used to treat infections caused by bacteria E coli, has increased from 14 per cent in 2016 to 36 per cent in 2021. The trend of decreasing susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics was also observed with Klebsiella pneumoniae as it came down from 65 per cent in 2016 to 45 per cent in 2020 and 43 per cent in 2021. The susceptibility term here is used to describe the vulnerability of the bacteria to the antibiotic. Carbapenem resistance isolates of E coli and K pneumoniae are also resistant to other antimicrobials making it very challenging to treat carbapenem-resistant infections. The resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotic carbapenem in respect to infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria was recorded in 87.5 per cent of the patients who were part of the study, limiting the availability of treatment options, the ICMR report said. Susceptibility of the same bacteria to minocycline is close to 50 per cent, making it the most susceptible antibiotic after colistin for Acinetobacter baumannii, it stated. In <keyword id="401096" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="pseudomonas" source="Orion">Pseudomonas</keyword> aeruginosa, another bacteria which causes infections in the blood, lungs (pneumonia), or other parts of the body after surgery, there is a consistent increase in susceptibility to all the major antipseudomonal drugs in the last few years, Dr Walia said. "There is a need to strengthen and improve diagnostic labs to promote rational use of antibiotics. Antimicrobial prescriptions should be based on definitive diagnosis and not on presumptive diagnosis. Several broad-spectrum antimicrobials are being used for syndrome management," Dr Walia said. "The resistance level is increasing to 5 to 10 per cent every year for broad-spectrum antimicrobials which are highly misused. With no new antimicrobials in the pipeline to treat drug-resistant infections, it is very important that we use judiciously what we have. There is also increasing levels of resistance of antifungals. Previously not many labs were doing fungal cultures and antifungal susceptibility. "The ICMR AMR network has developed this over the last few years and now many labs are reporting antifungal susceptibility rates giving an idea on antifungal resistance rates. The use of antifungals was particularly high during the Covid pandemic," she said. According to the ICMR report, in Staphylococcus aureus, which causes a wide variety of clinical diseases such as skin infections like abscesses and boils and sometimes pneumonia, endocarditis and osteomyelitis, susceptibility to erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and high-level mupirocin was more evident in MSSA (Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus) when compared to multi-drug resistant strains such as MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA rates are increasing each year from 2016 to 2021 (28.4 per cent to 42.6 per cent). Enterococci is another important pathogen which is quickly evolving and drug susceptibility has changed considerably in the last few years. Several fungal pathogens like C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata are showing increasing resistance to commonly available antifungal medicines such as fluconazole, thus requiring close monitoring in the next few years. Among diarrheal pathogens like Diarrheagenic E. coli, Shigella spp. and Salmonella that cause large proportions of diarrhoea cases in India, norfloxacin susceptibility was very poor. Empirical use of norfloxacin for the treatment of bacterial diarhhoea is strongly discouraged, Dr Walia said. There has been no significant change in the overall antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella Typhi or S Paratyphi A from India with the pattern remaining uniform across all the participating centres in the AMR network. S. Typhi is 100 per cent susceptible to cephalosporins and azithromycin. Other drugs which retained good susceptibility for Salmonella Typhi or S. Paratyphi A are ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Drug resistance sets in for a powerful pneumonia antibiotic: ICMR

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:276px"><div class="image"></div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/singer-taylor-swift-performs-onstage-at-the-55th-annual-news-photo/161428367">Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images</a></div>Good morning. Here's what you need to know.
<ul>
<li>Asian markets were mostly closed in overnight trading for the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-new-year-photos-2013-2">Lunar New Year holiday</a>. European markets are mixed, with France up nearly 0.6 percent, and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/morning-markets-february-11-2013-2">Italy down 0.4 percent.</a> U.S. futures are modestly higher.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pope-benedict-resigns-2013-2">Pope Benedict XVI will resign due to health reasons on February 28.</a> In a press release he said, "After having repeatedly examined my conscience before God, I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry."</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-10/euro-ministers-seek-new-crisis-momentum-as-unrest-returns.html">Euro area finance ministers are meeting</a> in Brussels today to discuss financial aid for Cyprus and Greece. Meanwhile, <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-11/g-7-said-to-discuss-statement-to-calm-concerns-of-currency-war.html">G7 officials</a> are reportedly considering releasing a statement to calm concerns over a currency war. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/february-calendar-for-market-moving-events-2013-2">The next two weeks are loaded with market-moving geopolitical events &gt;</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>China's extremely high pollution levels prompted <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57568598/polluted-beijing-cuts-down-on-lunar-new-year-fireworks/">Beijing to urge its residents to limit their use of fireworks</a> while celebrating the Lunar New Year, also called the Spring Festival. <a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/100448423">The muted celebrations</a> were also part of the government's efforts to crackdown on corruption. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-new-year-photos-2013-2">Click here to see how people are celebrating the Lunar New Year &gt;</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/11/us-amr-usairways-merger-idUSBRE91900K20130211">U.S. Airways Group and AMR Corp could announce an $11 billion merger </a>in a week, according to Reuters. This comes 14 months after AMR Corp filed for bankruptcy, and the merger would make it the world's largest airline.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nyt-apple-is-developing-a-curved-glass-smartwatch-2013-2">Apple is working on an iWatch</a>, according to the NY Times. The watch uses curved glass to bend to the wrist and is expected to operate Apple's iOS platform.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>In earnings news, Tesla is expected to report a fourth quarter loss of $0.53 per share. Tesla has posted a loss in every quarter since its 2010 IPO. Investors will be watching <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323511804578296001971946098.html">the production of its Model S cars,</a> and the company needs to make 400 a week to break even, according to The Wall Street Journal.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/february-11-sequester-update-2013-2">The deadlock in Washington continues as we inch closer to the March 1 sequester deadline</a> that would bring about automatic spending cuts. President Obama wants spending cuts to be accompanied by higher taxes. Meanwhile, Obama will give his State of the Union address tomorrow. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-the-free-bank-era-2013-2">The crazy story of the time when nearly anyone in America could issue their own currency &gt;</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.nasdaq.com/article/french-industrial-output-declines-in-december-20130211-00027#.URkKkYWE5ss">French industrial production declined 0.1 percent</a> month-over-month in December, after a 0.5 percent rise in November. On a quarterly basis, industrial production was down 1.8 percent from Q3 2012, and down 3.1 percent from Q4 2011.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Bank of America's latest Bull &amp; Bear index suggests that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bofa-were-in-the-1-percent-of-investor-bullishness-2013-2">"investor sentiment is currently more bullish than 99% of all readings since 2002".</a> This is seen as contrarian sell signal. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Bonus - <a href="http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/awards/taylor-swift-takes-shot-ex-harry-styles-during-021124913.html">Taylor Swift reportedly took a shot at her ex Harry Styles</a> at the Grammys last night when she feigned a British accent.</li>
</ul>

10 Things You Need To Know This Morning

On Sunday, Egypt presented the draft for its next constitution under a huge "All Egyptians Constitution" banner showing five people - three of which were Westerners found on basic Internet searches.
The doctor on the left appears on an <a href="http://www.ehowtogetridofstretchmarks.com/stretch-marks-medical-advice/">English-language </a><a href="http://www.ehowtogetridofstretchmarks.com/stretch-marks-medical-advice/">website</a> that sells stretch marks cream. 
The only woman appears on a <a href="http://www.networklimerick.com/index">Irish business networking site</a>. 
And the man with Down's syndrome - <a href="https://twitter.com/PatrickKingsley/status/412169569785376768/photo/1">Patrick Kingsely</a> of The Guardian <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/16/egypt-constitution-poster-western-faces">notes</a> that it's a nod to the new charter's provisions for people with disabilities - can be found on this <a href="http://aznow.biz/health-care/barrow-launches-clinical-trial-down-syndrome-patients">Arizona business website</a>.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El GhanyEgypt's constituent assembly Chairman Amr Moussa (C) attends a news conference in Cairo December 15, 2013. Egyptians will vote on a new constitution on January 14 and 15, pushing on with the army-backed government's plan for transition back to democracy after its overthrow of elected Islamist President Mohamed Mursi. </div></div></div>Egyptians will vote on a new constitution on January 14 and 15 as part of the army-backed government to transition after <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/morsis-ouster-in-egypt-a-textbook-coup-2013-7">the coup that ousted</a> Islamist President Mohamed Mursi.

You Searched For "amr" and got 14 results

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Urgent need to develop antibiotics for newborns say global experts

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