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Singapore Airlines will make an additional investment of Rs 3,194.5 crore in Tata Group-owned Air India post-merger of Vistara in November. The merger, announced on November 29, 2022, and set to be completed on November 11, 2024, will result in Singapore Airlines having a 25.1% stake in the enlarged Air India. Full-service carrier Vistara, which started flying on January 9, 2015, is a joint venture between Tatas and Singapore Airlines, where the latter holds a 49% shareholding. Vistara's last flight will take off tomorrow i.e. November 11, 2024. Singapore Airlines (SIA) Group on Friday said its consideration for the merger comprises the 49% interest in Vistara and Rs 20,585 million (Rs 2,058.5 crore) in cash in exchange for a 25.1% equity interest in the enlarged Air India. Post-merger, SIA expects to recognize a non-cash accounting gain of around 1.1 billion Singapore dollars and also start equity accounting for its share of Air India's financial results. According to a release on Friday, the merger includes an agreement for SIA to contribute its share of any funding previously provided by Tata prior to the completion of the merger, together with relevant funding costs up to Rs 5,020 crore that would allow it to maintain a 25.1% stake in Air India. "SIA's additional capital injection is expected to be Rs 31,945 million (equivalent to SGD 498 million), based on Tata's funding to Air India to date. This will occur after the completion of the merger and within November 2024 through subscription to new Air India shares. "Future capital injections will be considered based on Air India's requirements and available funding options," according to the release issued while announcing the airline's financial performance for the six months ended September 2024. The merger of Vistara with Air India will mark a major consolidation in the fast-growing Indian aviation space. SIA said the merged entity will have a significant presence across all key Indian air travel segments, including domestic, international, full-service, and low-cost operations. "This will strengthen SIA's multi-hub strategy, allowing it to continue participating directly in India's large and fast-growing aviation market," it added. Recently, Air India and SIA agreed to significantly expand their codeshare agreement, adding 11 Indian cities and another 40 international destinations to their network.

Singapore Airlines to invest additional Rs 3,195 cr in Air India post-Vistara merger

With millions of people across five continents experiencing scorching heat last month, the European Union's (EU) climate agency, Copernicus <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="keywords">Climate Change</keyword> Service (C3S), confirmed on Monday that June was the warmest on record. It also marked the 12th consecutive month of <keyword id="20524196" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-temperatures" source="keywords">global temperatures</keyword> reaching <keyword id="22325521" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="1-5-degrees-Celsius" source="keywords">1.5 degrees Celsius</keyword> above the pre-industrial average. According to scientists at C3S, every month since June last year has been the warmest such month on record. In January, the world completed an entire year with the mean surface air temperature exceeding the 1.5-degree Celsius threshold. June was the 12th consecutive month with monthly average temperatures above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial average. At the 2015 UN climate talks in Paris, world leaders committed to limiting the global average temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial period to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. However, a permanent breach of the 1.5-degree Celsius limit specified in the <keyword id="20104670" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Paris-Agreement" source="keywords">Paris Agreement</keyword> refers to long-term warming over a 20 or 30-year period. Earth's global surface temperature has already increased by around 1.2 degrees Celsius compared to the average in 1850-1900 due to the rapidly-increasing concentration of <keyword id="20649149" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="greenhouse-gases" source="keywords">greenhouse gases</keyword> -- primarily carbon dioxide and methane -- in the atmosphere. This warming is considered to be the reason behind record droughts, wildfires and floods worldwide. According to new data, June 2024 was the warmest on record, with an average surface air temperature of 16.66 degrees Celsius, 0.67 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average for the month and 0.14 degrees Celsius above the previous high set in June 2023. "The month was 1.5 degrees Celsius above the estimated June average for 1850-1900, the designated pre-industrial reference period, making it the 12th consecutive month to reach or break the 1.5-degree threshold," C3S said in a statement. It was also the 13th consecutive month of <keyword id="21477127" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="record-high-temperatures" source="keywords">record-high temperatures</keyword>, a result of the combined effect of the 2023-24 El Nino event and human-caused climate change. While unusual, a similar streak of monthly global temperature records happened previously in 2015-16. "This is more than a statistical oddity and highlights a large and continuing shift in our climate. Even if this specific streak of extremes ends at some point, we are bound to see new records being broken as the climate continues to warm. This is inevitable, unless we stop adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the oceans," said Carlo Buontempo, the director of C3S. The European climate agency said the global average temperature for the last 12 months (July 2023-June 2024) is the highest on record, at 0.76 degrees Celsius above the 1991-2020 average and 1.64 degrees Celsius above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial average. The world's sea surface in June was also the highest ever recorded for the month. Several countries experienced record-breaking heat and devastating floods and storms in June. According to an analysis by Climate Central, an independent group of scientists and communicators based in the United States, more than 60 per cent of the world population faced extreme heat that was made at least three times more likely by climate change during June 16-24. Climate Central said the blistering heat in June impacted 619 million (61.9 crore) people in India, 579 million (57.9 crore) in China, 231 million (23.1 crore) in Indonesia, 206 million (20.6 crore) in Nigeria, 176 million (17.6 crore) in Brazil, 171 million (17.1 crore) in Bangladesh, 165 million (16.5 crore) in the US, 152 million (15.2 crore) in Europe, 123 million (12.3 crore) in Mexico, 121 million (12.1 crore) in Ethiopia and 103 million (10.3 crore) in Egypt. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), northwest India recorded its warmest June since 1901. India, which experienced one of its hottest and longest heatwaves, recorded more than 40,000 suspected heatstroke cases and over 100 heat-related deaths. The intense heat overwhelmed the water supply system and power grids, with Delhi grappling with a severe water crisis. According to the IMD, 11 states recorded 20 to 38 heatwave days -- up to four times the usual number of such days -- during the April-to-June period. The mercury breached 50 degrees Celsius in parts of Rajasthan, with night temperatures hovering around 35 degrees Celsius in many places. Temperatures were most above average over eastern Canada, the western United States and Mexico, Brazil, northern Siberia, the Middle East, northern Africa, and western Antarctica. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-ipo-mukesh-ambani-led-telco-might-be-gearing-up-for-indias-biggest-ipo/articleshow/111519009.cms">Reliance Jio IPO – Mukesh Ambani-led telco might be gearing up for India’s biggest IPO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/jio-vs-airtel-vs-vi-prepaid-plans-comparison-plan-benefits-and-price-comparison-after-tariff-hike/articleshow/111512587.cms">Jio vs Airtel vs Vi recharge plans comparison – plan benefits and price comparison after tariff hike</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/hp-envy-x360-14-review/articleshow/111407165.cms">HP Envy x360 14 review – feature-packed laptop with a sleek design</a>

June warmest on record; every month since July 2023 breached 1.5 deg C threshold

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Boeing won't bring commercial jets to the Farnborough Airshow, a first for 16 years.</li><li>It also didn't bring any airliners to February's Singapore Airshow.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeings-candidates-for-ceo-keep-turning-it-down-wsj-2024-6">Boeing</a> isn't bringing any of its commercial jets to this year's Farnborough Airshow, the company confirmed to Business Insider.It's the first time for 16 years that it isn't displaying its airliners at the world's second-biggest air show. Farnborough alternates each year with Paris, the most-attended air show, meaning it's the primary aviation event for 2024. <a target="_blank" href="https://theaircurrent.com/feed/dispatches/boeing-during-farnborough-will-leave-737-max-and-777x-test-aircraft-at-home/">The Air Current first reported</a> on the news.The decision comes as Boeing deals with an ongoing crisis sparked by January's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alaska-airlines-blowout-passenger-lost-shoes-and-socks-to-gaping-hole-2024-3">Alaska Airlines blowout</a>. CEO <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-dave-calhoun-failed-to-turn-boeing-around-737-max-2024-3">Dave Calhoun announced he will resign</a> at the end of the year, and several <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lufthansa-ceo-calls-boeing-delivery-delays-extremely-annoying-2024-5">airline bosses have voiced their frustrations</a> with the firm.Boeing also didn't display any passenger jets at <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-brings-no-passenger-jets-to-singapore-airshow-2024-2">February's Singapore Airshow</a>. However, the Farnborough decision is more noteworthy.It's a mainstay in the aviation world, where planemakers exhibit new aircraft and announce deals with airlines.At the time of publication, one Boeing airliner, the 787 Dreamliner, is set to be displayed at Farnborough. Rather than being sent by Boeing, however, this is courtesy of Qatar Airways, which is set to exhibit its <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/qatar-new-qsuite-adding-first-class-to-boeing-777x-2024-3">upgraded QSuite business class</a>.Boeing is instead prioritizing work on a safety and quality plan as it works to regain the trust of regulators and customers following the Alaska Airlines 737 Max incident.In a statement sent to Business Insider, Boeing said: "Our Commercial Airplanes team has been focused on implementing our comprehensive safety and quality plan and working to meet the commitments we've made to our customers.""With these priorities in mind, we decided that rather than prepare and perform flight demonstrations this summer, we are redirecting the engineering and manufacturing resources toward airplane production and certification," it added."For more than a decade, we've brought our 787 Dreamliner, 777X and 737 Max airplanes to airshows around the world, including Farnborough, Paris, Dubai, India and Singapore. We look forward to doing the same in the future. Boeing will have a strong presence of defense, space, and security products — flying and on display."At last year's Paris Air Show, Boeing displayed its <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/see-inside-boeing-737-max-10-testbed-compete-a321neo-2023-7">737 Max 10</a> — the longest version of its narrowbody jet — which is still awaiting certification. Approval has been further hampered by increased regulatory scrutiny following the blowout, when a Max 9 lost a door plug in midair.After the blowout, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/united-ceo-boeing-alternatives-due-to-delays-and-grounding-2024-1">Scott Kirby, the CEO of United Airlines</a>, Boeing's biggest customer, called the incident "the straw that broke the camel's back." He added that the airline would build an alternative plan without the Max 10 due to the delays.The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/see-inside-boeing-777x-test-aircraft-biggest-twin-engine-airliner-2023-8">777X</a>, an upgraded version of the widebody 777, was also on display in Paris. It was initially set to enter service in 2020, but this has been pushed back to 2025.

Boeing isn't bringing any of its signature jets to the year's biggest air show for the first time in over a decade

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Michael Jordan appears to have taken delivery of a Gulfstream G650ER.</li><li>The jet, which features the Jumpman logo, was filmed at Palm Beach International Airport.</li></ul><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-jordan-net-worth-wife-house-nba-bulls-hornets-2015-3">Michael Jordan</a> appears to have taken delivery of a new private jet worth around $65 million.A <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/see-inside-65-million-gulfstream-g650er-jet-owned-by-billonaires-2022-8">Gulfstream G650ER</a> with a flamboyant custom paint job, including the Jumpman logo, was filmed on the tarmac at Palm Beach International Airport in a video uploaded to TikTok on Monday.The jet's tailnumber, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=236MJ">N236MJ</a>, includes the basketball legend's initials.According to the Federal Aviation Administration's database, it was registered last Tuesday to a firm called MJ Air LLC, in the care of Jump Management — Jordan's family office. The G650ER is especially popular among the world's richest people. Other owners including Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Mark Zuckerberg, according to data from <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://jetspy.com/">JetSpy</a>.It has a maximum range of 8,630 miles which is enough to reach Tokyo from Florida. With a top speed of Mach 0.925 — or 610mph at its 41,000-feet cruising altitude — it's faster than any commercial airliner.Up to 19 passengers can sit on a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/qatar-executive-gulfstream-g650er-private-jet-waste-money-2022-7">G650ER,</a> and up to 10 can sleep on board, depending on the layout, which owners can customize. It also has space for its own bedroom, but it's unclear exactly how the interior of Jordan's jet is configured.Jordan — the first athlete to become a billionaire when he reached that status in 2014 — is worth an estimated $3.5 billion, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-24/michael-jordan-s-hornets-sale-sets-3-5b-net-worth-richest-nba-player-status">Bloomberg's Billionaires Index</a>.He built his fortune on a licensing agreement with Nike that started in the 1980s and led to his eponymous shoe brand. The former Chicago Bulls player became the NBA's second Black majority owner when he took a stake in the Charlotte Hornets in 2010, before selling it last year.His new jet is an upgrade from his Gulfstream G550, which also has a flamboyant livery. It is unclear if Jordan intends to keep operating the G550 alongside the G650ER.According to JetSpy data, Jordan's G650ER has flown 13 times in the past two weeks, most of which appear to be related to the delivery process.The data suggests these flights produced 74 metric tons of carbon dioxide — around five times the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#per-capita-co2-emissions">average American's</a> yearly emissions.

See Michael Jordan's new private jet, a $65 million Gulfstream G650ER with a flamboyant custom paint job

In what is seen as a major standdown, the pilots' union of <keyword id="2573" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="air-india" source="Orion">Air India</keyword> has withdrawn its opposition to the new wage pact and employment agreement. In a joint letter issued on Thursday, the Indian Pilots' Guild (<keyword id="179256" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="ipg" source="Orion">IPG</keyword>) and Indian Commercial Pilots' Association (ICPA) withdrew their stand and told their members that they are free to sign new wage contracts offered by the new <keyword id="6355725" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="tata-group" source="Orion">Tata group</keyword> management of Air India. "As dedicated <keyword id="4746568" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="air-indians" source="Orion">Air Indians</keyword>, we believe it is crucial to express our readiness to settle the dispute at hand and find an amicable resolution for the benefit of both parties," the IPG and ICPA said in a joint letter to their members. The letter further read, "Over the past year, our attempts to reach a resolution have been hindered by a lack of cooperation from the management. Their unwillingness to address our concerns and apathetic attitude has resulted in a prolonged stalemate and escalating tensions." "Upon the assurances given in the online 'Townhall Meeting for Pilots' and in the interest of the aspirations of Air India, The <keyword id="8555" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="tata" source="Orion">Tata</keyword> Group and our passengers, the Joint Directive No.01 of 2023, Sub: Unilateral Changes in Policies stands withdrawn," the letter titled as 'Withdrawn of Joint Directive Np01 of 2023', added. The announcement came after a joint meeting held on Thursday, wherein the unions' members were told that they are free to sign the new wage contract. Last month, the Tata Group-owned airline announced a new salary structure for pilots and cabin crew but the staff was disappointed with the revisions. Their main grouse was about promoting captains with more than four years of experience in management. In a communication to all employees including pilots and crew members in April this year, Air India management had said that they announced the revision of their employment contracts and revised compensation for flying staff. "I am reaching directly to our flying staff through this platform as currently there is no recognized union at Air India. This is within the framework of law," said Air India Chief Human Resource Officer Suresh Tripathi, had said in a video message. The airline had said that the contract sent is a compilation of applicable policies and existing rules. Wherever there are differences, their changes are introduced to have a performance and merit-based culture as would be the ask of any world-class and professionally run airline. In the last one year, they have been hearing all the concerns of their flying community through various forums and constant communication, the Air India management said. "Guaranteed flying allowance has moved upwards from existing 20 hours to fixed 40 hours. With our ambitious growth and large aircraft order, we as an organisation are confident to provide you more and more opportunities for flying. The fact remains that at 70 hours of flying, income across the board has increased. We are a productivity-oriented organisation, and anyone who is ready to contribute will grow and prosper," the airline had said. "Our Trainers who would be investing more time in training as we ramp up, have been given a significant increase in pay in the form of both fixed and variable. There is more than 40 per cent increase in the allowance for trainers," it added. Air India said flying allowance rates are one of the highest in the Indian industry, with even higher amounts beyond 40 hours. There used to be a difference in flying rates in the same pilot rank which has been done away with to promote fairness. They have introduced additional compensation during training of command upgrade and conversion training which was not existing earlier. There was not any service reward existing to recognise the contribution of experienced staff. A fixed amount has been added to salaries. "These are all changes we have introduced for the better and to become market competitive, which was a key ask. We have also introduced best-in-class employee insurance and other benefits which were not existing earlier at Air India to support the welfare of our flying staff," the airline's management had said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/adani-hindenburg-row-mauritian-minister-rejects-shell-company-allegations/articleshow/100164083.cms">Adani-Hindenburg row: Mauritian minister rejects shell company allegations</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/news/ipl-2023-scores-over-1300-crore-video-views-on-jiocinema-in-the-first-five-weeks/articleshow/100155165.cms">IPL 2023 scores over 1,300 crore video views on JioCinema in the first five weeks</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/investment/news/investment-supertrends-2023-ai-to-digitalisation-and-green-energy/articleshow/100126382.cms">AI to digitalisation and green energy: Supertrends defining investment for today and the future</a>

Air India pilots' union withdraws opposition to new wage agreement

Go First is not the first airline to fly into turbulent times in India

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Japan says a Chinese surveillance plane violated its airspace on Monday.</li><li>It's the first recorded incursion by China into Japan's airspace.</li></ul>Japan on Monday said that a Chinese military plane violated its territorial airspace for the first time.The Japanese government<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15403036"> said a Chinese Y-9 reconnaissance</a> plane had flown over the Danjo islands, west of the island of Kyushu, for around two minutes.At a press conference, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/chinese-militarys-airspace-violation-is-utterly-unacceptable-japan-says-2024-08-27/"> </a>described the intrusion as "utterly unacceptable" and said it was"not only a serious violation of Japan's sovereignty but also threatens our security.""In recent years, China's military activities in the vicinity of our country have tended to expand and become more and more active," he said.Japan scrambled its jets in response to the intrusion, the <a target="_blank" href="https://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-scrambles-jets-chinese-aircraft-141556130.html">AFP news wire reported</a><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-scrambles-jets-chinese-aircraft-141556130.html">, </a>though no clashes with Chinese planes were reported.The Japanese foreign ministry said it had summoned China's top diplomat in Tokyo to protest the incident.In recent years, China has become an increasingly assertive military presence in East Asia, and tensions are ratcheting up between Beijing and the US' regional allies, including Japan.Japan scrambled jets in response to Chinese military activity near its airspace 392 times last year,<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://news.usni.org/2024/01/23/japan-scrambled-fighters-555-times-in-the-last-3-months-of-2023-defense-ministry-says"> according to the US Naval Institute,</a> but Monday's incursion is believed to be unprecedented.Among the issues behind the increase in tensions is the dispute over the Senkaku Islands (referred to as Diaoyu Islands in China), which Japan administers but China claims sovereignty over.The Chinese Coast Guard has entered Japanese waters near the islands several times, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/chinese-armed-vessels-patrol-waters-around-disputed-islands-angering-japan-2024-06-07/">including an incident in June,</a> and Japan has increased its military presence in the region.China has also clashed with the Philippines over disputed territory in the South China Sea, India over disputed Himalayan territory, and claims to own the entire independently governed island of Taiwan.Analysts believe that seizing control of Taiwan is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/xi-biden-china-going-take-over-taiwan-war-report-apec-2023-12">among Chinese leader Xi Jinping's core goals,</a> but such a move could spark open conflict with the US and its allies, which have offered ambiguous pledges over whether they'd help defend the islands from attack.

Japan says China's increasingly aggressive air force breached its airspace for the first time ever

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Russia is holding much of its airpower and more advanced jets in reserve, experts say.</li><li>One concern for the Russians is Ukraine's air defenses, which have shot down a number of Russian aircraft.</li></ul>Russia has kept much of its airpower and some of its most advanced aircraft out of the war in Ukraine. Experts say doing so signals Russian worries about Ukraine's air defense game but also considerations beyond this fight to one with NATO.John Baum, an air power expert at the Mitchell Institute and retired US Air Force lieutenant colonel, told Business Insider that the Russians "could bring more advanced aircraft into the fight and they simply haven't done that yet."Some Kremlin claims aside, there is no evidence Russia has used its Su-57s over Ukraine itself, despite the aircraft, at least on paper, being Russia's most advanced plane and supposedly built for a war in which the airspace is heavily contested.The jet is Russia's first attempt at a fifth-generation fighter, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-feared-losing-su-57-combat-ukraine-hit-one-anyway-2024-6">touted by Russian media as a match</a> for American fifth-generation stealth fighters like the F-22 and F-35. However, given limitations in the design, such as a lack of all-aspect stealth, analysts question whether the plane's actual capabilities fit that description. The aircraft also suffers from some lingering technical issues.In January, the UK Ministry of Defense said the Su-57 had been limited to launching missiles from Russian territory, mirroring how the Russians have used many of its other aircraft in this war.Unlike the ground troops it throws into the meat grinder, Russia tends to use its air assets in ways that minimize risk by keeping them back from Ukraine's defenses.<div type="image" title="Su-35" height="768" width="1024" msid="112165371" hostid="261" sizebytes="75398"></div>"Russia is husbanding a lot of its air assets. So, a lot of the Russian Air Force, you are not even seeing over Ukraine," Andrew Curtis, an independent defense researcher who spent 35 years as a UK Royal Air Force officer, said. And he said Russia is using Su-57s in ways that there is "no risk."Curtis said he thinks "the reason for that is simply that it is keen to make sure that it retains a credible modern air force for any future operations that it might want to undertake.""And that in itself is quite significant," he said, "because it shows that at least somebody in the Kremlin is thinking beyond just Ukraine."<h2 id="1b47f120-c1d2-41e0-bb06-72675ec5cc2d">Russia is holding back its air forces with NATO in mind</h2>Michael Clarke, a Russia and Ukraine expert and a UK national security advisor, said Russia is making some sacrifices in Ukraine for a possible future conflict. "If the Russians were throwing everything they had against Ukraine, they would probably be in a stronger, better position than they are now," he said.He added that Russia's air force is holding back jets "because if it devoted all to Ukraine, it feels it will have nothing left if it comes to some sort of conflict with NATO."The top US commander in Europe, Gen. Christopher Cavoli, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.airandspaceforces.com/russian-air-force-has-only-lost-10-percent-of-fleet-in-ukraine-us-officials-say/">told</a> Congress in April that Russia has only lost about 10 percent of its fleet in Ukraine, indicating it has a lot left in its airpower arsenal.NATO members are worried about the future threat from Russia, with many <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-better-positioned-attack-europe-before-ukraine-war-nato-lithuania-2024-2">warning Russia may attack another member in Europe</a> if it's not defeated in Ukraine.Members are ramping up defense spending and making more defense agreements with each other, with the ones closest to Russia <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/image-planned-7-layer-defensive-border-between-nato-and-russia-2024-5">boosting their border defenses</a>.Clarke explained that "as this crisis goes on, the prospect of a general war against NATO becomes more real. That's not to say that that's very likely, but it's at least a bit more likely than it was two years ago."<div type="image" title="NATO member country leaders sit under the alliance's sign" height="1333" width="2000" msid="112165373" hostid="261" sizebytes="157414"></div>Russia's air force would likely lose in a direct engagement with NATO air forces, multiple experts have told BI, as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/putin-doesnt-want-nato-war-russia-would-lose-quickly-uk-2024-2">NATO's combined airpower is much larger</a> and more advanced. But Baum and other air warfare experts have warned <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-teaching-nato-air-forces-lessons-fighting-russia-2024-7">Russia's air force should not be underestimated and cautioned that NATO should be ready</a>.Russia's air force is weaker than NATO's airpower, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-teaching-nato-air-forces-lessons-fighting-russia-2024-7">but Russia's war in Ukraine shows it can still cause a lot of damage</a>. It adapts in devastating ways, as it has demonstrated with the guided glide bomb operations against Ukraine.Peter Layton, a fellow at the Griffith Asia Institute and a former Royal Australian Air Force officer, said that Russia may very well have a future NATO conflict in mind as it makes decisions today. For instance, Russia may believe that in a war with NATO, its air forces can "survive long enough to counter some NATO air raids and help defend Russian ground forces for a short time." Such a plan would require not squandering assets in Ukraine. And Layton wasn't the only expert to share in that assessment.Russian considerations may, in turn, be shaping current combat conditions in the war in Ukraine. "NATO's power in the air is inhibiting the Russians from committing all of their air power, or more of it, to Ukraine," Clarke said.He said Russia wants to keep its air force looking strong as a weaker Russian air force would "weaken Putin's political hand in anything he then tries to do in relation to NATO politics." And, in a future conflict, Russia would want its air force to be powerful.<h2 id="de24f675-77f8-4c4c-b4ea-0fd6db76993d">Ukraine is still downing Russian jets</h2>The Ukrainian armed forces have a significantly smaller and older air force than Russia does. Its few jets are all Soviet-era, but Russia has one of the world's biggest air forces with many more modern combat aircraft.But neither side has been particularly successful at changing the war from the air considering the threat posed to aircraft by the proliferation of ground-based air-defense systems.<div type="image" title="Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy standing in front of a Patriot anti-aircraft missile system during his visit to a military training area in Germany on June 11, 2024." height="720" width="1024" msid="112165375" hostid="261" sizebytes="26608"></div>Air warfare experts previously told BI that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-air-force-enter-devastate-ukraine-if-missiles-run-out-2024-2">Ukraine's achievements here are remarkable</a> and ones that may have stopped the war from quickly ending in a Russian victory.Russia's losses are much higher than Ukraine's, though it has more to lose. According to an update from open-source intelligence site Oryx in February, Ukraine has lost at least 135 fixed and rotary-wing aircraft while <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-teaching-nato-air-forces-lessons-fighting-russia-2024-7">Russia has lost nearly double that figure</a>.Ukraine has claimed some big kill streaks shooting down Russian aircraft, including <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-army-destroyed-10th-russian-plane-days-2024-2">downing 10 jets in 10 days</a> in February. Russia's air force often <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-air-force-flights-ukraine-kill-streak-fighter-jets-isw-2024-3">appears to back off after such victories</a>.Beyond fighter jets and fighter-bombers, Ukrainian forces have also downed some high-value Russian aircraft. This <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-uses-patriot-missiles-down-russian-a50-spy-plane-us-2024-6">includes an A-50 command and control aircraft</a> in January. The Russians only have a few of these planes available.This prolific threat to anything flying would potentially put Russia's advanced Su-57s at risk were they to fly combat missions over Ukraine. But avoiding the fight has not completely shielded the small Su-57 fleet. Ukraine <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-feared-losing-su-57-combat-ukraine-hit-one-anyway-2024-6">managed to damage one in a long-range strike</a> on an air base hundreds of miles inside Russian territory.Holding its airpower back has largely protected the force, though. Layton said Russia has kept many of aircraft out of Ukrainian airspace since "at least after the first few months." Russia's air force has suffered high attrition rates from Ukraine's ground-based air defenses when operating in the country.<div type="image" title="A Russian Sukhoi Su-34 shot down by Ukrainian anti-aircraft guns" height="683" width="1024" msid="112165380" hostid="261" sizebytes="99858"></div>Russian combat aircraft tend to use weapons that let them "generally stay safely inside Russian airspace while firing into Ukraine." Russia notably saw big aircraft losses in February when more of its jets came close to the front lines to support land forces by launching glide bombs, Layton noted.He said that Russia "has a lot of trouble replacing lost advanced aircraft," only making a few a year. And sanctions from many countries against Russia for its invasion could make things more difficult, he said.Clarke said that Russia could use its strategic bombers more effectively if they flew over Ukrainian territory, but "they've only got a certain number of strategic bombers, and if they lose eight or 10 of them, then that will put quite a hole in the force."He said the environment in Ukraine is too "risky" for Russia's air force, especially if it wants to maintain its force for a future fight.<h2 id="a0c3531d-d04a-48ed-a956-2470e68e6e89">Russia's comfortable losing what it's losing now</h2>Curtis said Russia is using its most advanced assets in ways that keep them "completely safe," like launching long-range attacks from inside Russia. There's "effectively no risk," he said.And Layton said Russia may be motivated by its own weapons industry, which has ramped up but still faces challenges. "Any losses impact possible future export sales as Russian aircraft now appear less capable," he said. Some experts have suggested this as a possible reason for keeping the Su-57 out of the fight, especially given Russia's significant activity in foreign arms sales.<div type="image" title="Four Sukhoi Su-57 fighter jets in the air against a grey sky." height="1334" width="2000" msid="112165376" hostid="261" sizebytes="33020"></div>George Barros, a Russia analyst at the US-based Institute for the Study of War think tank that has been closely tracking the war, said Russia only has a small number of many of its most advanced aircraft, which means they wouldn't make a big difference if Russia was taking on NATO's air forces, though Russia has other capable platforms to supplement.He said that Russia has a propaganda reason for keeping them intact before any future conflict, one that even outweighs the effect they could have in Ukraine.On the Su-57, he said, "if the Russians were to lose it, it would be just such an international embarrassment."Experts <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fifth-generation-jets-made-ukraine-war-russia-su-57-missing-2023-10">previously told Business Insider's Jake Epstein</a> that the absence of the Su-57 suggests Russia may not be confident in the jet and likely wants to avoid any potential reputational damage that would come if any were shot down.Gustav Gressel, a Russian defense policy expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations, said Russia has "very few" Su-57s, and "they are expensive to operate." Other jets can do the same jobs needed in Ukraine, he said, "and it would be less embarrassing if they would be shot down." Russia is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/damaged-su-57-emphasises-vulnerability-russian-airbases-near-ukraine">understood</a> to have only around 20 Su-57s in service.Tim Robinson, a military aviation specialist at the UK's Royal Aeronautical Society, said that Russia's Su-57s "are the high-quality assets, high expensive assets, stealth fighters, and they don't want to lose them."Experts have also pointed to Russian fears that if its most advanced jets were shot down over Ukraine-held territory, it would expose their most advanced technology and could be a windfall for Ukraine's Western partners.Robinson said that if any Su-57s are shot down over Ukrainian-held territory, Western intelligence experts would get" to crawl all over it and find out its secret."<div type="image" title="Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy looks up while sitting in an F-16 fighter jet" height="5125" width="7687" msid="112165382" hostid="261" sizebytes="3152126"></div>Baum said Russia's decisions on what goes into Ukraine and what doesn't may be "calculated." They may have decided "that they don't need to roll out their more sophisticated weapons yet or ramp up their sortie rate yet," he explained.Curtis said that Russia is "happy to lose what it's using in Ukraine. And in most instances, I'm afraid, that's people." Russia has been known for treating its soldiers as disposable, including by using <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-losing-1000-soldiers-a-day-against-ukraine-report-war-2024-6">what are described as "meat grinder" tactics,</a> such as high-cost "human wave" assaults.He said that for now, Russia can afford to keep its most advanced assets out of Ukraine as its strategy for victory isn't by total military triumph. Instead, he said, Russia aims to grind down Western appetite for helping Ukraine and exhaust Ukraine's support.He said Russia is "not really going to be too fussed about how modern and how useful the capability" it gives its soldiers is.Defense reporter Jake Epstein contributed to this reporting.

With a NATO war and Ukraine's knack for shooting down planes in mind, Russia is holding back its airpower and most advanced jets

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Some expat Indians are moving back home to launch companies of their own.</li><li>India's booming market size, internet growth, and post-pandemic spending is driving their decision.</li></ul>Nithin Hassan, 41, has always been fascinated with building something of his own.As a child in India, he would get in trouble for dismantling electronics around the house just so he could peek inside.In college, in true <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/startups-to-bet-your-career-on-in-2024-2024-2">startup</a> fashion, he started working on a small business out of his parent's garage in Bengaluru, assembling computers for friends and family.It was the early 2000s and the internet was not the trove of knowledge it is today — Hassan was relying on books to learn. Finding mentorship and the right guidance was a challenge, too.Everyone around Hassan told him that going to the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/resume-tips-google-software-engineer-skills-experience-careers-software-tech-2024-3">US for a master's degree</a> was the next big opportunity. So he did.Over the next 16 years, he put his startup plans on hold and worked at some of the world's biggest companies, including Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta.<div type="image" title="Nithin Hassan" height="2450" width="3266" msid="113831978" hostid="261" sizebytes="215682"></div>But the pandemic felt like a turning point. And its aftermath made India look like a lab-designed business environment: It had just become the world's most populous country, the pandemic had created <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/private-consumption-continues-to-be-supported-by-pent-up-demand-finance-ministry/articleshow/99069973.cms?from=mdr">pent-up demand</a> for consumer products, and growing internet adoption made commerce more scalable, he said.So Hassan left behind about $500,000 in annual pay at Meta to move back to Bengaluru in December 2023 with his wife and two children. He has since launched two startups.Hassan is part of a group of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/i-moved-back-to-india-after-living-abroad-for-decade-2024-9">expat Indians moving back</a> home to venture out on their own. As such, he's also part of a decades-long trend of reverse migration back to India.The trend began in the 1990s and picked up at the turn of the century, driven by the economic collapse in 2008, said Binod Khadria, the president of Global Research Forum on Diaspora and Transnationalism. Many of those who returned to India for work were largely working for multinational companies.Today, the impetus for the move often looks a bit different: It's driven by factors like unstable visa policies and economic recessions, which lead to uncertainty when it comes to jobs and duration of stay in these destinations.Many returnees find work in tech, but the finance, retail, and climate sectors also absorb a large number of expat Indians, Khadia said. And some of the returnees are heading back to India to start companies of their own.India is undergoing a startup explosion. The country reported over<a target="_blank" href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2043805"> 140,800 recognized startups</a> at the end of June — nearly 50,000 more than last year — and credited them with creating 1.6 million direct jobs.To be sure, not all of these companies will make it big — and some do still stumble, like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://inc42.com/features/what-are-the-current-problems-being-faced-by-oyo/">Oyo </a>and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/blackrock-hsbc-funds-byjus-startup-valuation-zero-edtech-india-raveendran-2024-6">Byju's</a>. But the chaos, where even established startups are trying and failing, makes India a fair playing field for new entrants, Hassan said.Business Insider spoke to six <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-vc-wants-see-5-traits-new-founders-fundraising-antler-2024-8">first-time founders </a>about why they have recently returned to India after spending several years, or even an adult life, abroad.<h2 id="0e4a3c47-ba19-4690-8b52-c6bfece1c81d">Fastest-growing economy</h2>The health of the economy and interest from investors are fueling the entrepreneurship boom.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-billionaire-karan-adani-plans-challenge-china-dominance-seaports-2024-8">India's economic growth</a> in 2023 — 8.2% — was the fastest of all large economies worldwide. That's led to greater purchasing power, which lets companies, including startups, sell more.India's inflation rate of about 3.5% is well below its annual wage growth of 9.6%. This makes inflation less of a challenge than it is for slower-growing peers, where consumer-focused businesses have been <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/economy-jobs-report-sentiment-consumers-elections-recession-inflation-mortgage-rates-2024-9">hurt by high prices</a>.Investors are getting in on the action.From 2015 to 2021, the number of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sequoia-capital-vc-firm-split-china-india-2023-6">unique investors in India</a> nearly quadrupled, though the number is tracking much lower this year, per PitchBook."Other than a slight downturn in 2022 and 2023 due to global macroeconomic factors, VC funding has been consistently growing in India," said Ben Mathias, a managing partner at Vertex Ventures Southeast Asia &amp; India.Besides funding, domestic developments have encouraged founders and VCs too, Mathias said.The Indian government's Universal Payment Interface system has spurred consumers and businesses to pay online, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bcg.com/press/2june2022-digital-payments-in-india-projected-to-reach-10-trillion-by-2026">40% of all digital payments</a> globally happen in India today, the partner said.Programs like Startup India, which provides founders benefits like tax exemption, easier compliance, and funding support, have made creating a company smoother.Devyani Parameshwar worked in the microfinance and fintech space in India in the 2010s before heading to the UK and Africa. She returned to India in 2022 to launch a financial management venture."It's changed dramatically. I remember standing in line at various ministries in Delhi trying to get meetings and then trying to get answers and it wasn't easy in the past," she said of her memories of India.Now, she can use an online platform to ask the country's central bank and banking regulator questions.It's easier than ever for foreign companies to invest in India, which means startups have a clearer exit path through acquisition — something VCs think hard about before entering new markets or writing checks.<h2 id="e5dd7b6f-a09f-4ff2-84c1-5907de96dc5e">Market ripe for the taking</h2>For Rohan Bhide, who spent most of his college and professional life <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/worked-in-big-tech-before-launching-my-own-startup-engineer-2024-9">preparing to launch something of his own</a>, a trip home in 2017 while he was studying in the US was a turning point.Indian telecom giant Reliance had recently launched a cheap unlimited data plan, which spiked Indian internet adoption. India was charting among the countries with the highest online transactions."That really, really drew my attention," said Bhide, who worked at Meta after graduation. "It was my dream come true — a huge market, a huge user base, and at the same time, the ability to adopt technology was incredible."Bhide returned to India in January, leaving behind about $580,000 in total compensation at ticketing platform StubHub. He and a cofounder are working on launching a consumer tech product later this year.<div type="image" title="Rohan Bhide" height="2304" width="3072" msid="113831979" hostid="261" sizebytes="218468"></div>Most Indians grew up wanting to work at a multinational company — but that's changing, Bhide said.Freelancing, running your own business, or working for a startup is much more socially acceptable now, because people see the success of other Indian startups. The country has the third-largest number of "unicorns" — companies worth $1 billion or more — with 64, per PitchBook.<h2 id="7f423804-745b-4e04-a250-839e01663f09">Boom in entrepreneurship culture</h2>A lot has changed since Hassan first wanted to launch his hardware startup in the early 2000s.Tech hot spots like Bengaluru and Gurugram have seen a boom in entrepreneurship culture in the last few years, with meet-ups, networking mixers, and even morning walks with like-minded builders.<div type="image" title="man standing in front of mountains in USA" height="2268" width="3024" msid="113831980" hostid="261" sizebytes="141132"></div>Dhruv Anand, who left Google in the US to move back to India in 2021 to launch an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-startups-most-promising-2024-9">AI startup</a>, said that there were lots of other founders and mentors to help guide him."If you want to figure out who's the right chartered accountant to talk to, who's the right lawyer to help you draft agreements, all of that stuff is very easy," Anand said."It's been a really, really supportive community," Bhide said. There are people "telling you about their entire lives just because they want to help you and they're hoping that you pass the favor onto the next person who moves to India and wants to start their own company."<h2 id="3c8bff36-e855-4530-9b44-bcc7f36b0825">Not everything is perfect</h2>Although these founders made the decision to return to India, that doesn't mean they no longer see the benefits of operating in the US.Ruchit Garg founded an agriculture startup in Silicon Valley in 2016, with a focus on supporting farmers around the globe. In 2019, he returned to India, where his late grandfather worked as a farmer.Garg has been building in India ever since, but he says its startup ecosystem cannot yet compete with the Valley's decades of experience."The overall ecosystem was more mature back in Silicon Valley. It's still one of the best places for entrepreneurs. India isn't there yet, although it's growing pretty drastically," he said.Despite efforts to digitalize key processes, many bureaucratic challenges persist.For most founders, after living in US cities where populations are a fraction of those in Mumbai and Bangalore, congested roads and poorer air quality are also everyday annoyances.But India provides some big perks, including affordable domestic help and the appeal of building solutions for problems they witness firsthand."It's a different joy to be able to build for problems that you feel for very personally," Parameshwar, the fintech founder, said. When she worked in Africa, she needed translators. Now, she can speak with her users herself.Bhide said the general sentiment among local founders is shifting from "Build from India" to "Build for India."For some founders, being surrounded by family and the culture they grew up in was another selling point.Niranjan Vemulkar moved back to India in 2015 and later founded a digital legacy planning platform.He said that he never fully felt at home in the US, where he lived for over a decade."For us, it was the fact that we wanted to raise a family in an environment where the children would have access to the grandparents and Indian culture," Vemulkar said. "The fact that you could come back to India, start something of your own and figure things out in an ecosystem which was potentially booming for startups, was just a cherry on the cake."Are you in India and have a story to share about the tech and entrepreneurship landscape? Please reach out at shubhangigoel@insider.com

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With a NATO war and Ukraine's knack for shooting down planes in mind, Russia is holding back its airpower and most advanced jets

Sinéad Baker

Some techies are leaving cushy Silicon Valley jobs to launch startups at home in India

Shubhangi Goel,Charissa Cheong

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