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<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/child-emotionally-stressed-playing-active-game-1100951918?src=KgbkvHVrU8kSpTIye-NLJA-1-7">Motortion Films / Shutterstock</a></span></p><p class="caption">Video games might make children more aggressive.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>A new analysis of 24 studies has shown how video games influence aggression in children.</li><li>Experts are still undecided on what impact playing games has on behaviour.</li><li>This study suggests violent video game play is associated with increased physical aggression.</li><li>But video games aren't all bad.</li><li>In moderation, they can help with hand-eye coordination, problem solving, and can relieve stress.</li></ul><p>There is a fair amount of debate about the impact video games have on children. One of the main arguments against allowing children to play them for too long is the idea they can become more aggressive as a result.</p><p>A new study, <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/09/25/1611617114" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published in the journal the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,</a> supports this theory. Researchers at Dartmouth University examined the results of 24 studies between 2010 and 2017, including over 17,000 participants from nine to 19 years old.</p><p>Each study looked at how violent video games affected the children's' real-world behaviour, including their aggression, whether they hit people or had fights, or were sent to the principal's office. The participants were followed from three months to four years.</p><p>The team concluded the "effects of violent video games extend to meaningful behaviors in the real world." In other words, there was significant evidence from the analysis that video games can contribute to heightened aggressive behaviour.</p><p>Specifically, the results showed white participants had the strongest effect from video games. Hispanic children showed no significant effects, while Asian children fell somewhere in between.</p><p>"These findings support the general claim that violent video game play is associated with increases in physical aggression over time," the researchers wrote in their conclusion. "We hope these findings will assist the field in moving past the question of whether violent video games increase aggressive behavior, and toward questions regarding why, when, and for whom they have such effects."</p><p>According to <a href="http://www.center4research.org/violent-video-games-can-increase-aggression/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the National Center for Health Research</a>, research has shown that in the long term, video games can desensitise people to seeing aggressive behaviour, and even decrease someone's ability to feel empathy.</p><p>"The longer that individuals are exposed to violent video games, the more likely they are to have aggressive behaviors, thoughts, and feelings," the article reads. "Although males spend more time than females playing violent video games, violent video game exposure can increase aggressive thoughts, behaviors, and feelings in both sexes."</p><p>Earlier this year, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gaming-disorder-classified-as-mental-health-condition-11-2018-6?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The World Health Organization added "gaming disorder"</a> to its official list of mental health conditions. To be diagnosed with the disorder, a person needs to meet three criteria: loses control over their gaming habits, prioritises gaming over other daily activities, and continues playing games despite clear negative consequences.</p><p>However, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/being-hooked-on-video-games-isnt-necessarily-an-addiction-this-study-explains-why-2017-10?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">experts are still undecided</a> whether excessive gaming is a mental health problem in its own right, or a symptom of other struggles.</p><p>Despite the risks, gaming has been shown to have some positive impacts on people too. For instance, <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_bavelier_your_brain_on_video_games" target="_blank" rel="noopener">video games can relieve stress</a>, improve problem-solving abilities, and improve hand-eye coordination.</p><p>Rather than condemning video games as a cause of antisocial behaviour, it could be a case of playing them in moderation - as is the case with many things people enjoy, from <a href="https://www.thisisinsider.com/eating-3-bars-of-chocolate-a-month-may-reduce-risk-of-heart-disease-2018-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">chocolate</a>, to <a href="https://www.thisisinsider.com/there-is-no-safe-amount-of-alcohol-2018-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">alcohol</a>, to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ideal-screen-time-is-one-hour-per-day-study-says-2018-3?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">social media</a>.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-japan-land-hopping-robots-on-asteroid-ryugu-2018-9">Why Japan is landing hopping robots on an asteroid</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

There's even more evidence that video games could be making children violent

<p><table class="image-container float_right" width="200"><tr><td><div class="image"></div><p class="source"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/treehouse1977/3650505181/">treehouse1977 via flickr</a></p></td></tr></table>Children who watch excessive amounts of <keyword id="6357922" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Television">television</keyword> are more likely to have criminal convictions and show aggressive personality traits as adults, a New Zealand study has found.</p>
<p>The University of Otago study tracked the viewing habits of about 1,000 children born in the early 1970s from when they were aged five to 15, then followed up when the subjects were 26 years old to assess potential impacts.</p>
<p>The research, published in the US journal "Pediatrics" this week, found a strong correlation between childhood exposure to television and anti-social behaviour in young adults.</p>
<p>"The risk of having a criminal conviction by early adulthood increased by about 30 percent with every hour that children spent watching television on an average weeknight," co-author Bob Hancox said.</p>
<p>The study also found excessive TV viewing was linked to aggressive personality traits and an increased tendency to experience negative emotions.</p>
<p>It said the links remained statistically significant even when issues such as intelligence, social status and parental control were factored in.</p>
<p>"While we're not saying that television causes all anti-social behaviour, our findings do suggest that reducing television viewing could go some way towards reducing rates of anti-social behaviour in society," Hancox said.</p>
<p>He said the findings supported the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation that children should watch no more than one to two hours of quality television programming a day.</p>
<p>The study said it was possible that children learned anti-social behaviour by watching it on TV, leading to emotional desensitisation and the development of aggressive behaviour.</p>
<p>But it said the content of what children were viewing was not the only factor, highlighting the social isolation experienced by those who spent hours watching the box.</p>
<p>"It is plausible that excessive television viewing contributes to anti-social behaviour in ways unrelated to violent content," it said.</p>
<p>"These mechanisms could include reduced social interaction with peers and parents, poorer educational achievement, and increased risk of unemployment."</p>
<p>Hancox said the study concentrated on children's viewing habits in the late 1970s and early 1980s, before the advent of personal computers, and further research was warranted into how such technology affected subsequent behaviour.</p>
<p>"If you're playing a computer game that not only exposes you to a lot of violence but actually simulates shooting people then that may be even worse, but I don't have any data on that," he told Radio New Zealand.</p>
<div class="nc_footer">
<p>Copyright (2013) AFP. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
<p></p>

Childhood TV Addicts Are More Likely To Become Criminals, Study Finds

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/brain-stimulation-decreases-intent-commit-physical-sexual-assault">Penn Medicine</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>A lot of how the brain controls our impulses remains a mystery.</strong></li><li><strong>But there are some areas, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which have been linked to antisocial behaviour.</strong></li><li><strong>Scientists have shown stimulating this area to boost its activity could reduce people's violent tendencies.</strong></li><li><strong>In other words, it's the opposite of a lobotomy to remove the problem area. </strong></li><li><strong>There is more work to be done, but the researchers are hopeful their treatment could be used on violent criminals in the future.</strong></li></ul><p><br />Neuroscientists are fairly certain of the functions of many areas of the brain. For example, the prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain associated with our complex ideas and behaviors.</p><p>But the organ also holds plenty of mysteries, such as why <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/psychopaths-cannot-be-cured-heres-why-2018-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">some people are incurable psychopaths</a>, or why <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/brain-damage-can-turn-people-into-criminals-2018-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">after a traumatic brain injury</a> someone's personality can completely change to become violent and aggressive.</p><p>In a new study, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3317-17.2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published in the journal Journal of Neuroscience</a>, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Nanyang Technological University attempted to answer questions about violent behaviours, and whether someone's criminal tendencies could be controlled with brain stimulation.</p><p>They recruited 86 adult participants, half of whom were given 20 minutes of non-invasive brain stimulation, half of whom were not. Then, they were asked to read two hypothetical scenarios, one about a physical assault (someone smashing a glass over a person's head for chatting up his girlfriend) and one about a sexual assault (where intimate foreplay led to rape).</p><p>Immediately after hearing the stories, the participants were asked to rate how likely they were to behave as the protagonist had. Those in the group who had the electrical stimulation were 47% and 70% less likely to relate to the person in the story committing the crimes.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></p><p class="caption">Doctors used to lobotomize patients in order to treat mental illnesses.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>"The ability to manipulate such complex and fundamental aspects of cognition and behavior from outside the body has tremendous social, ethical, and possibly someday legal implications," <a href="https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/brain-stimulation-decreases-intent-commit-physical-sexual-assault" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said Roy Hamilton</a>, a neurologist at Penn's Perelman School of Medicine and senior author of the study.</p><p>The team zeroed in on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the top, front area of the brain because it is an area that has been linked to antisocial behaviour in previous research.</p><p>"We chose our approach and behavioral tasks specifically based on our hypotheses about which brain areas might be relevant to generating aggressive intentions," said Hamilton. "We were pleased to see at least some of our major predictions borne out."</p><p>A frontal lobotomy, a highly invasive surgery of the prefrontal lobe, was used in the past to treat mental illness and violent criminals. Psychologist Adrian Raine, a Penn Integrates Knowledge professor and author of the study said the stimulation technique is completely different. Rather than remove parts of the brain that may potentially be at fault, it may be more beneficial to stimulate them instead - boosting their activity.</p><p>"We're saying the opposite," he said. "That the front part of the brain needs to be better connected to the rest of the brain."</p><p>He added that they only performed 20-minute sessions, and they saw an effect. "What if we had more sessions? What if we did it three times a week for a month" he said.</p><p>However, there is still work to be done. Results of the study showed people were more morally opposed to the acts, but the likelihood of them actually committing an act - sticking pins into a voodoo doll - didn't change.</p><p>But with further research, the authors are hopeful a similar treatment could be offered to convicted criminals in the future, alongside traditional interventions like cognitive behavioural therapy.</p><p>"This is not the magic bullet that's going to wipe away aggression and crime," said Raine. "But could transcranial direct-current stimulation be offered as an intervention technique for first-time offenders to reduce their likelihood of recommitting a violent act?"</p><p>Perhaps, said Hamilton, "the secret to holding less violence in your heart is to have a properly stimulated mind."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-saved-world-ozone-hole-montreal-protocol-2018-6">How NASA saved the world</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Brain stimulation could zap out violent and criminal thoughts, according to new research

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/francisco_osorio/14093140180/in/dateposted/">Francisco Osorio/flickr</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Being pleasant to people at work has a number of benefits.</strong></li><li><strong>Another to add to the list is it can make you sleep better.</strong></li><li><strong>New research has shown that people stress about their work behaviour when they are at home in bed.</strong></li><li><strong>If they do this often, it can lead to insomnia.</strong></li></ul><p><br />Some people are fortunate enough to call their colleagues their friends. Others aren't so lucky.</p><p>Whatever your situation, it makes sense to be nice to the people you work with, because it means they're more likely to help you out. Also, it makes the working day more enjoyable.</p><p>According to new research, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239640" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published in the Journal of Applied Psychology</a>, behaving well at work also has another surprising benefit - it can help you sleep better.</p><p>Researchers from the University of Iowa asked 600 workers in the US and China about their workplace behaviour and sleep quality in three studies.</p><p>In two of the studies, the employees reported their <a href="https://www.criteriacorp.com/resources/glossary_counterproductive_work_behavior.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener">counterproductive work behaviours</a> over ten work days, such as inappropriate behaviour, anger, aggression, gossiping, and blaming others. They also reported how they felt when off work and how well they slept.</p><p>Results showed how being more counterproductive at work made people think about work in the evening, which could lead to insomnia.</p><p>In the third study, employees had to recall how they behaved at work in the past. Those who were asked to think back to bad behaviour had more trouble falling asleep than those who reminisced about more routine things.</p><p>Overall, the researchers concluded that acting badly at work significantly affected participants' thoughts in the evening, which in turn caused problems sleeping.</p><p>"After people engage in bad workplace behaviors, they come to realise such bad deeds threaten their positive moral self-image, which creates stress," said Zhenyu Yuan, a management and organisations doctoral student at UI, and lead researcher of the study. "As a result, they may keep ruminating over their stress from work, and thus have trouble falling and staying asleep at night."</p><p>He added that managers could help reduce counterproductive behaviours of their staff, as employees who don't get enough sleep are less engaged, less productive, and have an increased risk of getting injured.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-properly-use-semicolon-2018-4">How to use a semicolon properly</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

You could sleep better if you're nice to your work colleagues - or worse if you aren't

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/sad-woman-sitting-home-1084733669?src=mAOyWo8qNB6oblVgdL1HxA-3-18">Tiko Aramyan / Shutterstock</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Someone doesn't have to be left with bruises for behaviour to count as abuse.</strong></li><li><strong>Many people don't realise they are in emotionally or psychologically abusive relationships.</strong></li><li><strong>This is because they don't think their partner's behaviour is bad enough.</strong></li><li><strong>In fact, early signs of abuse can even be misconstrued as "romantic."</strong></li><li><strong>A study from Cosmopolitan and Women's Aid highlights how downplayed emotionally abusive situations can be.</strong></li></ul><p><br />Abusive relationships are more common than you might think. Domestic abuse of some kind affects <a href="http://www.lwa.org.uk/understanding-abuse/statistics.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">one in four women and one in six men in their lifetime</a>.</p><p>But there are misconceptions about what makes a relationship abusive. For example, some people believe if their partner has never laid a finger on them, they can't truly be harming them. This isn't true, and the phrase "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/this-phrase-downplays-abuse-in-relationships-heres-why-its-so-damaging-2017-10?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">but he didn't hit me</a>" is an incredibly dangerous one because it <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-signs-youre-a-victim-of-perspecticide-2017-10?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">excuses insidious psychological abuse</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/reports/a20072270/domestic-abuse-relationships-cosmopolitan-uk-womens-aid-research/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A new study from Women's Aid and Cosmopolitan</a> highlights just how downplayed psychological and emotional abuse in relationships can be.</p><p>A survey of 122,000 women found that over a third (34.5%) said they had been in an abusive relationship at some point. But perhaps the most shocking part was that out of the 65.5% of respondents who said they had never been in an abusive relationship, almost two thirds had experienced problematic, toxic behaviour from a partner, which could potentially amount to abuse.</p><p>Here are some of the ways they reported partners behaved:</p><ul><li>Logged onto their social media accounts or looking at their phone without permission.</li><li>Criticised their social media use, followers, or likes.</li><li>Turned up unannounced to somewhere they weren't invited, because their location was shared on social media.</li><li>Tried to stop them socialising with friends.</li><li>Made them feel bad with nasty comments.</li><li>Pressured them into anything sexual they didn't want to do.</li><li>Intimidated them by being aggressive.</li></ul><p>One respondent who said she had never been in an abusive relationship said one previous partner had pressured her into sexual acts she wasn't comfortable with, including sending nude pictures.</p><p>"[He] told me I'm worthless, fat, a failure and only good for sex," she said. Another said she had been verbally, physically and sexually abused but still answered "no" when asked "do you think you've ever been in an abusive relationship?"</p><p>Katie Ghose, the CEO of Women's Aid, <a href="https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/reports/a20072270/domestic-abuse-relationships-cosmopolitan-uk-womens-aid-research/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told Cosmopolitan</a> that one of the biggest problems lies in the misconceptions we have about romance.</p><p>"Checking your phone, turning up unannounced and telling you who you can or can't see is often misrepresented by your partner as showing that they care about you," she said. "But this is not romantic. It is controlling behaviour that can slowly erode your confidence and independence and, if part of a repeated pattern, is ultimately abusive."</p><p>Even something like <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/texting-calling-controlling-partner-psychology-2017-10?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">texting you all the time</a> can be a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/relationship-red-flags-you-should-look-out-for-2018-1?r=US&amp;IR=T" target="_blank" rel="noopener">red flag</a>. It's fine if they just like talking to you, but if you feel it's bordering on stalking and checking up on you all the time, it could be a warning sign they are starting to control you.</p><p>"As the shocking findings from our research show, many younger women may not recognise that their partner is abusive if there isn't physical violence and may even think that threatening, controlling, and intimidating behaviour is normal in relationships," Ghose said.</p><p>Other findings from the survey were that half of respondents (55.8%) had experienced hurtful comments from their partner, 38.2% had been pressured into something sexual they didn't want to do, a third (33.4%) had been intimidated by their partner being physically aggressive, and 40.2% had experienced their partner isolating them from their friends or family.</p><p><em>If you think your friend or anyone else is in danger, <a href="https://www.joinonelove.org/get-help/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the MyPlan App from One Love Foundation</a>, the <a href="http://www.thehotline.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Domestic Abuse Hotline</a>, and <a href="https://www.womensaid.org.uk/information-support/helpline/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Women's Aid</a> are resources that can help.</em></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-university-professor-stephen-gilpin-2018-4">What Trump University was really like - according to a former professor</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Almost two thirds of women who say they've never been in an abusive relationship have experienced toxic behaviour - and it suggests they're ignoring these red flags

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Matthew Childs/Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">England's Jesse Lingard scores their third goal.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>England destroyed Panama 6-1 in a historic World Cup victory.</strong></li><li><strong>The victory means England qualifies for the second round with a game to spare.</strong></li><li><strong>It was a dramatic first half, with the Panamanians showing some rough behaviour - but that couldn't stop striker Harry Kane from taking two successful penalties.</strong></li><li><strong>Kane completed his hat-trick in the second half.</strong></li><li><strong>It's the first time England has ever scored six goals in a World Cup game.</strong></li></ul><p>England destroyed Panama 6-1 in a dramatic World Cup Group G encounter that takes the team to the second round with a game to spare. It's the first time England has ever scored six goals in a World Cup game.</p><p>In the heat of Russian host city Nizhny Novgorod, England took its first five goals in an astonishing first half characterised by aggressive behaviour by Panama, which had two players booked for tackling and holding opponents.</p><p>Striker Harry Kane scored two penalties and a third goal with a deflection, making him the first England player to score a World Cup hat-trick since Gary Lineker. John Stones scored twice, and Jesse Lingard rounded out the numbers in the first half.</p><p>Panama's 37-year-old defender Felipe Baloy scored his country's only World Cup goal against England in the 75th minute.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Jan Kruger/Getty</span></p><p class="caption">Roman Torres of Panama confronts Harry Maguire of England during the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia group G match between England and Panama on June 24, 2018 in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p><em>This is a developing story...</em></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/supercross-race-million-monster-energy-marvin-musquin-jason-anderson-eli-tomac-las-vegas-motocross-2018-6">This controversial Supercross star has 20 minutes to make $1 million</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

England just destroyed Panama 6-1 in the World Cup

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>VCG/VCG via Getty Images</span></p><p class="caption">Your self-driving car might follow the rules of the road -&#xa0;but everyone else won't, and you'll suffer as a result.</p></div><p></p></div></div>One of the great advantages of self-driving cars is how scrupulously they follow the rules of the road.</p><p>But because of the nefarious behaviour of some human drivers, it may also prove a major disadvantage.</p><p><a href="http://www.thinkgoodmobility.goodyear.eu/the-survey">A new study into drivers' attitudes towards self-driving cars has found that some drivers intend to "bully" autonomous vehicles when they hit the road </a>- driving aggressively around them in the assumption that they will have to stop and let the bully through. We first heard about this study <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/6f554e14-9227-11e6-8df8-d3778b55a923" target="_blank">from The FT</a>.</p><p>It makes sense: Imagine there are two cars waiting at a junction, one self-driving, and one human-driven. The self-driving car has right-of-way - but the human goes anyway. The self-driving car, programmed to protect its passengers and avoid harming other drivers, will stop itself - letting the aggressive human driver go.</p><p>Of course, this kind of behaviour <em>is</em> illegal. But that doesn't stop some drivers from defying the rules of the road today. Faced with a predictable autonomous vehicle with lightning-fast reflexes, it will likely encourage this behaviour even more.</p><p>The study - conducted by researchers from the London School of Economics in partnership with Goodyear - had 12,000 respondents from 11 European countries. It found that the majority of people are on some level uncomfortable with autonomous vehicles - whether riding in one or just being on the road alongside one while driving a manual vehicle.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>LSE/Goodyear</span></p><p class="caption">Autonomous vehicle makers have a lot of work to do to convince consumers on the tech's benefits.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>However, people who are more "combative" and aggressive on the road are less concerned about autonomous vehicles - suggesting that they believe they will be able to take advantage of them. "The people more open to AVs are those who have a more 'combative' view of the road and are more technologically optimistic on average, who perhaps see AVs as easier agents to deal with on the road than other humans," the study said.</p><p>One UK-based participant told the researchers: "[The autonomous vehicles are] going to stop. So you're going to mug them right off. They're going to stop and you're just going to nip round."</p><p>Another reiterated the expectation that self-driving cars will be totally law-abiding: "We'll be overwhelmed by niceness. They're never going to do anything horrible to us. They're nice cars. They're not going to cut us up or get up our backsides and all the other things."</p><p>There have been fears that people will take advantage of self-driving cars like this before. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2013/oct/11/driver-less-cars-coming-bike-blog">Roger Geffen, who works for cycling body CTC, told The Guardian that</a> "if pedestrians and cyclists can run or swerve out in front of cars knowing they will stop, some people will doubtless take advantage of this. That would infuriate drivers, leading to calls for jay-walking and on-road cycling to be banned altogether."</p><p>It will be years until self-driving cars are common-place on city streets, but numerous companies are investing heavily in the space. Uber, Google, and Apple are all working on autonomous vehicle tech, while a number of legacy auto manufacturers are also developing it.</p><p>But it poses significant challenges, from both a technical and social perspective. What moral value the the technology should place on human life - in the case of an imminent crash, should the vehicle prioritise the well-being of passengers or pedestrians, for example - is just one of the thorny issues engineers are grappling with.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nebia-atomizing-shower-system-apple-ceo-tim-cook-invested-2016-10">Apple's CEO has already invested in a startup's idea to revolutionize showers</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="k4ZjZzeToylKufwA_TGB33m01xdEXO1y" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Aggressive drivers are going to bully self-driving cars

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Clive Mason/Getty</span></p><p class="caption">Jose Mourinho was frequently punished for bad behaviour when he was manager at Chelsea.</p></div><p></p></div></div>The on-pitch behaviour of top-level footballers <a href="http://www.premierleague.com/news/65240" target="_blank">has become "intolerable"</a> according to a joint statement by the Premier League, English Football League, and Football Association, and punishments will be much more severe from now on.</p><p>"English football authorities have noticed over the past four seasons that intolerable behaviour by players and managers in their competitions have reached unacceptable levels in certain areas," the statement said.</p><p>The main problem appears to be footballers and managers answering back to officials - sometimes aggressively - after a decision does not go their way.</p><p>Instant yellow cards will now be given if a player:</p><ul><li>Displays any '"disrespect" towards an official.</li><li>Confronts an official face to face.</li><li>Runs towards an official to argue about a decision.</li><li>Crowds an official with other teammates.</li></ul><p>A player can also expect an instant red card if they:</p><ul><li>Confront an official with bad language.</li><li>Make physical contact in a "confrontational manner."</li></ul><p>The tougher guidelines also stipulate that "match officials will be required to retain professional detachment from players and club staff at all times," suggesting an end to friendly small-talk during the game.</p><p>"Things happen in the heat of the moment during fast and highly competitive football; we still want to see the passion fans enjoy and demand, but players and managers have to be aware there are lines that should not be crossed," said Richard Scudamore, Executive Chairman, the Premier League.</p><p>Southampton's Victor Wanyama had the dubious honour of having the most red cards in the Premier League last season, with three. Jack Colback scored the most yellow cards, with 11.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-paul-tudor-jones-investing-strategy-asymmetric-risk-reward-2016-6">TONY ROBBINS: Here's the secret to investing like hedge fund billionaire Paul Tudor Jones</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="tmdTBiNDE6SKN_YOQvCv5SewPEU8ta9Z" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Here is the Premier League's new list of punishments for 'intolerable' behaviour by footballers

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.shutterstock.com/gallery-11733p1.html">Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Britain's first self-driving cars to be driven by ordinary people will not have any markings due to fears that aggressive drivers will try and bully them.</p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/30/volvo-self-driving-car-autonomous">The Observer reports that Volvo is planning a pilot project in 2018</a> that will lease vehicles to regular Brits that are capable of driving autonomously.</p><p>"From the outside you won't see that it's a self-driving car. From a purely scientific perspective it would be interesting to have some cars that are marked as self-driving cars and some that are not and see whether other road users react in a different way," Volvo technical leader Erik Coelingh told the paper.</p><p>"I would expect they will, but I don't know how and to what extent. So just to be on the safe side they will all be unmarked cars. I'm pretty sure that people will challenge them if they are marked by doing really harsh braking in front of a self-driving car or putting themselves in the way."</p><p>Is Coelingh just being paranoid? Perhaps not.<a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/aggressive-drivers-bully-self-driving-cars-autonomous-vehicles-study-lse-goodyear-2016-10"> A recent study found that more aggressive drivers are looking forward to seeing self-driving cars on the streets</a> because they believe they will be able to take advantage of how scrupulously they will follow the rules of the road to cut them up and overtake them.</p><p>It makes sense: Imagine there are two cars waiting at a junction, one self-driving, and one human-driven. The self-driving car has right-of-way - but the human goes anyway. The self-driving car, programmed to protect its passengers and avoid harming other drivers, will stop itself - letting the aggressive human driver go.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Google</span></p><p class="caption">Unlike Google's highly distinctive self-driving vehicles, the Volvo 4x4's won't look different to other human-driven vehicles on the road.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Of course, this kind of behaviour <em>is</em> illegal. But that doesn't stop some drivers from defying the rules of the road today. Faced with a predictable autonomous vehicle with lightning-fast reflexes, it will likely encourage this behaviour even more.</p><p>One UK-based participant told the study's researchers: "[The autonomous vehicles are] going to stop. So you're going to mug them right off. They're going to stop and you're just going to nip round."</p><p>Another person reiterated the expectation that self-driving cars will be totally law-abiding: "We'll be overwhelmed by niceness. They're never going to do anything horrible to us. They're nice cars. They're not going to cut us up or get up our backsides and all the other things."</p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2013/oct/11/driver-less-cars-coming-bike-blog">Roger Geffen, who works for cycling body CTC, told The Guardian that</a> "if pedestrians and cyclists can run or swerve out in front of cars knowing they will stop, some people will doubtless take advantage of this. That would infuriate drivers, leading to calls for jay-walking and on-road cycling to be banned altogether."</p><p>The Volvo pilot hopes to sidestep this problem altogether by disguising the fact that the vehicles are self-driving. So two years from now, you could be overtaking one, and not even know it.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-hacker-reveals-a-simple-way-to-come-up-with-a-strong-password-thats-easy-to-remember-2016-10">A hacker reveals a simple way to come up with a strong password that's easy to remember</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="BwN2NwMzE6EWIgb89XK0BH7jw-ZsLEQ9" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Britain's first self-driving cars will be unmarked so aggressive drivers don't bully them

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/QM_LE41VJJ4">John Noonan / Unsplash</a></span></p><p class="caption">With trolling, a psychopath can use anonymity as a mask.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>About 1% of the population are psychopaths. </strong></li><li><strong>This means there is a fair chance many of us have at least one psychopathic Facebook friend.</strong></li><li><strong>Some studies have looked into how people with Dark Tetrad personality traits behave on social media.</strong></li></ul><p><br />Psychopaths are prevalent online. Studies have shown that people with Dark Tetrad personality traits - narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism - are more likely to say <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/internet-trolls-get-a-kick-out-of-making-others-upset-for-this-reason-2017-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">trolling is their favourite internet activity</a>.</p><p>Research has also shown that <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/why-men-are-more-likely-to-be-internet-trolls-than-women-according-to-a-new-study-2017-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">men are more likely than women to bully people online</a>.</p><p>The amount of psychopaths in the global population is thought to be about 1%. That means for people with hundreds of friends on social media, you might be in with a good chance of at least one of them being a diagnosable psychopath.</p><p>With trolling, a psychopath can use anonymity as a mask to fulfil their psychopathic tendencies, while maintaining a normal persona in real life. But this is difficult to do with a personal Facebook profile. So how would you be able to tell?</p><p>There are some obvious signs of psychopathy, such as the person not seeming to care whether they are posting provocative or toxic content. Psychopaths have something called a "resistance to chaos," which means they do not get wound up by drama. In fact, they sometimes thrive on the fact they are causing other people stress and discomfort.</p><p>But there are more subtle signs too. According to one study of 6,724 participants, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563217305587" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior</a>, people who score high in psychopathy personality tests often write posts relating to their own needs and satisfaction. They also tended to write more posts about authority-related issues and politics.</p><p>The authors of the study offered two explanations for the focus on politics.</p><p>"One interpretation is that psychopathic individuals are attracted to these topics because they revolve around issues of power, authority, and conflict that they might find particularly attractive," the authors wrote.</p><p>"In addition, these topics on social media are often rife with conflict and may provide a venue for aggressive online behaviours that psychopathic individuals are prone to engage in."</p><p>The second explanation is that there has been high levels of exposure to inflammatory political material on social media, which could have "unleashed psychopathic tendencies in some individuals."</p><p>For example, do you have a friend who is always posting provocative political articles, even though they always receive a backlash? They could be getting enjoyment out of antagonising people. They might not believe in whatever they are posting, but they are too satisfied by the chaos they create to stop.</p><p>The third sign of Dark Tetrad traits was that Machiavellianists wrote shorter posts with shorter sentences. One theory for this was they may share less because it allows them to have more control over how others see them.</p><p>A different study, also <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214002040" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published in Computers in Human Behavior</a>, looked at Machiavellianism specifically - behaviours associated with cynicism, emotional detachment, and the willingness to manipulate people.</p><p>Results showed that Machiavellian men and women engage in higher levels of self-monitoring, self-promotion, aggression, and dishonesty on Facebook. The women were found to be more aggressive to close friends, and the men boasted about themselves more.</p><p>An example of the relational aggression the researchers found would be when you see a friend jumping on someone else's status to criticise their opinion. Another example could be when an older relative comments on one of your posts in a patronising way, suggesting you are ignorant of the topic.</p><p>None of these are sure signs that someone is a psychopath or a narcissist. But if you have a suspicion someone is manipulative, you might want to look out for the potential red flags.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tony-robbins-one-on-one-coaching-session-fiji-motivation-life-coach-2018-1">Watch Tony Robbins bring someone to tears in a one-on-one motivational session</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Here's how you can tell if you are Facebook friends with a psychopath

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>On Thursday, Jo Cox, a 41-year-old Member of Parliament for Batley and Spen in the west of England, was brutally murdered in broad daylight after meeting with her constituents.<p>Cox had previously contacted police after receiving "malicious communications" and had been harassed for months.</p><p>A man had been arrested in connection with the investigation in March, but was released after he "subsequently accepted a police caution."</p><p>Police were also set to increase Cox's security, <a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/murdered-mp-had-faced-string-of-security-threats-pvgqdzkqn" target="_blank">according to The Times</a>, before she was shot and stabbed by a man who was reportedly shouting "Britain first."</p><p>Cox is the first British MP to be murdered since 1990, but threats and aggressive behaviours against British MPs have, for many, become a daily part of the job.</p><p>Police and parliamentary authorities are now reviewing politicians' security,&#xa0;<a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/1a025a42-33ea-11e6-ad39-3fee5ffe5b5b.html#axzz4Bonk6Nq7" target="_blank">according to the Financial Times</a>, but the number of threats received by MPs in recent years is staggering and the abuse received by Cox is far from an isolated incident:</p><ul><li><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">On Thursday, a man was arrested by police after a death threat was made to <span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">Ben Bradshaw, <span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">MP for Exeter. The arrest follows an alleged slew of racist and homophobic abuse aimed at Bradshaw and his staff, <a href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/man-arrested-after-death-threat-8212633" target="_blank">according to The Mirror</a>.</span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Earlier this week, Natalie McGarry, <a href="http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/14561188.Natalie_McGarry_contacts_police_after_receiving__death_threats_online_/" target="_blank">MP for East Glasgow</a>, received a slew of death and rape threats online after she returned from a trip to Turkey. Police advised her to step up security at her constituency office. </span></li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">In May, Jess Phillips, MP for Birmingham Yardley, received 600 rape threats in one night after she launched a campaign against online bullying. <div></div></span></span></li><li>At the end of May, Labour's Diane Abbott, the SNP's Hannah Bardell and former Liberal Democrat minister Jo Swinson also spoke out about the <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36352543" target="_blank">constant slew of abuse and rape threats</a> that they and their staff get online.</li><li><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">A man was arrested in December 2015 after threatening to kill MP for Bristol North West, Charlotte Leslie. The threats came <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/30/man-jailed-for-online-threat-to-mp-who-voted-for-syria-airstrikes" target="_blank">after she voted in favour of airstrikes in Syria</a>.</span></span></span></li><li>Security for MP for Bermondsey and Old Southwark, Neil Coyle, was reinforced after he received death threats over <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-mp-neil-coyle-reports-death-threat-over-support-for-syria-air-strikes-to-police-a6759686.html" target="_blank">his support for air strikes in Syria</a>.</li><li>Stella Creasy, MP for Walthamstow, received a <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11127782/Stella-Creasy-Twitter-troll-hell-I-cant-get-the-last-year-of-my-life-back.html" target="_blank">huge amount of death and rape threats online</a> and Peter Nunn who abused the MP online was eventually sent to prison for 18 weeks. Creasy had helped pass legislation to tackle stalking.</li><li><p>Simon Danczuk, MP for Rochdale, also reportedly <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-35016349" target="_blank">received death threats on Twitter</a> over his support for the Syria airstrikes and his staff received over 100 aggressive phone calls.</p></li><li>In May, MP for Brigg and Goole, Andrew Percy left <a href="http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/why-i-quit-aggressive-and-nasty-twitter-by-tory-mp-andrew-percy-1-7891384" target="_blank">"aggressive and nasty" Twitter</a> because of the constant abuse he was getting on the social media site. Percy was reportedly called fat, ugly, a liar, was compared to a Nazi and received anti-semitic abuse.</li><li>Scottish MP for Orkney and Shetland, Alistair Carmichael, <a href="http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/police-investigating-death-threat-against-7022258#gZopQBwpP7jJPlwk.99" target="_blank">received death threats</a> last December after he admitted being behind a leaked memo that said SNP's Nicola Sturgeon wanted Cameron to win the last general election.</li><li>In 2010, former MP Stephen Timms was badly injured when a student stabbed him multiple times in the stomach. The attack was politically motivated and <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11682732" target="_blank">linked to Timms' vote to participate in the Iraq war</a>.</li><li>In 2000, MP Nigel Jones was injured and his assistant killed after being <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/5011567/Former-MP-attacked-with-sword-fears-for-his-safety-after-assailant-tries-to-move-in-nearby.html" target="_blank">attacked by a man with a samurai sword</a>.</li></ul><p><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">A study carried out by the Home Office psychiatrists published in January 2016 showed that </span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">80% of 120 MPs asked had been victims of intrusive or aggressive behaviour and 50% of those that been targeted in their own homes.</span></p><p>Although Cox was the first MP to be murdered in over 25 years, in the last 50 years, a total of six MPs have been murdered in the last 50 years:</p><ul><li><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">Walter Scott-Elliot, MP for Accrington, was&#xa0;<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2381449.stm" target="_blank">murdered by his butler in 1977</a><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">.</span></span></li><li><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">Airey Neave, MP for Abingdon, was&#xa0;<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2014/mar/31/airey-neave-mp-assassination-bomb" target="_blank">murdered by the Irish National Liberation Army in 1979</a><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 1.5em;">.</span></span></li><li>Robert Bradford, MP for South Belfast, was&#xa0;<a href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/news/mp-could-have-been-saved-28400493.html" target="_blank">murdered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1981</a>.</li><li>Sir Anthony Berry, MP for Enfield Southgate, was&#xa0;<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/conservative/6266160/The-Brighton-Bomb-Jo-Berry-at-peace-with-the-man-who-murdered-my-father.html" target="_blank">murdered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1984</a>.</li><li>Ian Gow, MP for Eastbourne, was&#xa0;<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/1990/jul/31/obituaries.jonathanaitken" target="_blank">murdered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1990</a>.</li></ul><p><span style="line-height: 22.5px;">MPs are often very vulnerable to attacks as they meet their constituents in public places on a regular basis. Those meetings normally do not benefit of any extra security. <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-england-leeds-36543180" target="_blank">BBC journalist Nick Robinson</a>, in a tribute to Cox, tried to remind constituents of the position MPs put themselves in when they are elected: </span></p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">She was vulnerable to attack because she was, like so many MPs, available to anyone who wanted to see her with any grievance.</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">Her death is a reminder that our elected representatives, who are so often demonised for living separate lives from the rest of us, actually all too often live in our communities, in our streets worrying about the same things that we do. Unlike us, though, they open themselves up not to just to criticism and abuse but to assault by those who disagree with them.</p>

MP Jo Cox's brutal murder highlights how vulnerable MPs really are

Indian and Chinese soldiers were injured during a face-off along the boundary in north Sikkim, sources said.<br /><br />Four <keyword id="403131" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-soldiers">Indian soldiers</keyword> and half a dozen of Chinese troops were injured during the confrontation on Saturday which took place at Naku La sector, ahead of Muguthang, a pass at a height of more than 5,000 metres, the sources added.<br /><br />In total, 150 soldiers were present when the confrontation took place, which was later resolved at the local level.<br /><br />The sources said that temporary and short duration face offs occur as boundaries are not resolved.<br /><br />"Incidents of face off article took place. Aggressive behaviour and minor injuries took place from both sides. They were disengaged after dialogue and interaction at local level," they added.<br /><br />Troops resolve such issues mutually as per established protocols.<br /><br />This is not the first time Indian and Chinese soldiers have exchanged blows along the border.<br /><br />In August 2017, Indian and Chinese soldiers threw stones at each other and exchanged blows near Pangong Lake in Ladakh.<br /><br />The clash had aggravated tensions between the two countries as it happened at a time when they were locked in a stand-off in the disputed territory of Doklam in Sikkim.<br /><br />It took two months to end the stand-off between the forces.

Several Indian and Chinese soldiers injured in fresh face-off in Sikkim

<br /> Has your <keyword id="6360217" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Loan">loan</keyword> application been rejected because you don’t have any credit history? So how do you build your credit history? Well, yes, it’s a cycle of credit and credit again!<br />
 <br />
As per two recent notifications by the Reserve Bank of India, all banks and other lenders need to take into account credit information reports or CIRs from one or more agencies in all lending decisions and account opening. However, a loan application should not be rejected just because the applicant has no credit history. So let us get going and look at the 3 ways that will help you build your credit history.<br />
 <br />
<strong>1. Apply for a secured credit card </strong><br />
A secured credit card is backed by a savings account or by a deposit used as collateral on the credit available for the card. As you keep paying your outstanding dues on time, your good credit behaviour will be reported to the credit bureaus. And this good credit behaviour will help build your credit history.<br />
 <br />
<strong>2. Become an authorised user</strong><br />
Become an authorised user of a family member’s or spouse’s credit card – it should be one of his/her oldest credit card accounts. But do make sure this ‘someone’ repays outstanding dues on time. After you become an authorised user, you will have access to some form of credit. Once you have that, make sure you make 100% payment of all your dues on time and don’t spend beyond what you can repay.<br />
 <br />
<strong>3. </strong><strong>Check your credit score</strong><br />
Do check your credit report for your latest score. For an individual with no credit history or who does not have enough credit history, the score generated is NA or NH (CIBIL score). Typically, conservative lenders could view NH negatively as per their credit policies of not lending to an individual who has no track record. But an aggressive lender with a higher risk appetite may approve your credit application. Hence, look for lenders where you may have a better chance.<br />
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We hope you will be able to build a good credit history with time. Just make sure that you do not apply randomly for credit facilities as this indicates a credit-hungry behaviour. Also, too many enquiries are viewed negatively by lending institutions.<br />
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<strong>About the author:</strong> Satish Mehta is the Founder and Director of Credexpert, a credit and debt counselling company in India.

You Searched For "aggressive behaviour" and got 13 results

There's even more evidence that video games could be making children violent

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Childhood TV Addicts Are More Likely To Become Criminals, Study Finds

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Brain stimulation could zap out violent and criminal thoughts, according to new research

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You could sleep better if you're nice to your work colleagues - or worse if you aren't

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Almost two thirds of women who say they've never been in an abusive relationship have experienced toxic behaviour - and it suggests they're ignoring these red flags

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England just destroyed Panama 6-1 in the World Cup

Shona Ghosh

Aggressive drivers are going to bully self-driving cars

Rob Price

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