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New Delhi, Chemicals maker <keyword id="10487971" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anupam-Rasayan" source="Orion">Anupam Rasayan</keyword> India Ltd on Tuesday posted a marginal increase of 1.84 per cent in consolidated net profit at Rs 48.69 crore in the second quarter of the current fiscal year. The company's net profit stood at 47.81 crore in the same quarter of the previous year, according to a regulatory filing. Total income rose to Rs 395.61 crore during the July-September quarter of the 2023-24 fiscal, from Rs 383.14 crore in the year-ago period. Expenses remained slightly higher at Rs 324.94 crore in the period under review, as against Rs 315.72 crore in the said period. "Amidst the challenging external environment, I am happy that we have been able to hold our ground and deliver some growth," said Anupam Rasayan Managing Director Anand Desai. In the first half of the current fiscal, total revenue rose to Rs 794.4 crore, reflecting a robust year-over-year growth of 11 per cent. Our strong margins at 28 per cent for the first half this year are a testament to the company's unique business model, he said. During this quarter, the company launched three new molecules, bringing the total to five by the end of H1 of the 2023-24 fiscal, he said, adding "we will launch an additional five molecules by the close of FY24." Desai further said, "we are seeing a resurgence in demand, which instills confidence of delivering growth in coming quarters. This bolsters our confidence in achieving consistent growth and maintaining our margin profile." The company has also signed three memorandum of understanding (MoUs) with the Gujarat government for afforestation in a bid to balance carbon emissions and achieve energy neutrality by 2027. Anupam Rasayan said the board has approved issuance of 19.04 lakh equity shares on a preferential basis to promoters and 39.14 lakh convertible warrants on preferential basis to non-promoters. The Gujarat-based company has a manufacturing capacity of 27,200 tonnes spread over six facilities.

Anupam Rasayan Q2 net profit up 1.84% to Rs 48.69 cr

<ul class="summary-list"><li>At COP28, nearly 200 governments pledged to triple global renewable-energy capacity by 2030. </li><li>For a green transition to happen, companies need to address their supply chains.</li><li>A coordinated, multilayered international effort is also essential to curb the climate crisis. </li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cop28-dubai-uae-climate-summit-attendee-hopeful-fossil-fuels-2023-12">COP28 in Dubai</a> just concluded and attendees were asked tough questions such as: How closely are countries holding to the promises made in Paris at COP21 in 2015?With 2023 shaking out to be the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/last-three-months-on-earth-were-the-hottest-on-record-2023-9">hottest year on record</a>, there's more urgency than ever around this goal. Can we deliver?As <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ford-global-director-of-sustainability-electric-vehicles-power-grid-2023-7">Ford Motor Company's</a> global director of sustainability, homologation, and compliance, I watched the summit carefully. Despite the challenges ahead, I firmly believe that plans announced at COP28 suggest we can still limit the rise in global temperature to below 2 degrees Celsius and, if possible, to 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.Here are my main takeaways from this year's UN climate meeting and the steps I believe companies must take to reach these sustainability goals. <h2>Corporations must clean up their facilities and supply chains to advance the green transition</h2>We're facing a hard truth: The world's current climate trajectory — which is trending toward a warming of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/climate-track-warm-by-nearly-3c-without-greater-ambition-un-report-2023-11-20/">2.5 degrees Celsius to 2.9 degrees Celsius</a> this century — does not align with the long-term objectives of the Paris Agreement. Turning this trend around requires innovation, hard work, investment, and global cooperation at a pace and scale never seen before. One of the bright spots that came out of COP28 was a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-strike-historic-climate-dealfossil-fuels-dubai-2023-12">commitment by nearly 200 governments</a> to triple global renewable-energy capacity by 2030 and slash methane emissions. This is an ambitious goal and one that Ford is committed to in our operations — we plan to use 100% carbon-free electricity in all of our manufacturing plants by 2035.But companies also need to look beyond their facilities and address the impact of their supply chains. The <a target="_blank" href="https://initiatives.weforum.org/first-movers-coalition/home">First Movers Coalition</a> is a good example of the kind of collaboration that's needed. This global initiative, which Ford is a part of, harnesses the purchasing power and supply chains of large companies in heavy-emitting industries to create early markets for innovative clean-energy technologies like low-carbon steel and aluminum. More initiatives of this kind could go a long way to funding green innovation. <h2>Governments, companies, and communities must work together</h2>In the wake of the summit's discussions, several things are clear: We need to build a resilient grid, grow the EV-charging infrastructure, and break the cost and convenience barriers to adopting zero-emissions vehicles. Policies and incentives must be enacted to promote advanced renewable energy — such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal — and improve energy efficiency in buildings and industrial processes. <div type="image" title="Cynthia Williams" height="3012" width="4016" msid="106190700" hostid="261" sizebytes="260848"></div>We also need to continue to explore carbon-removal technologies, such as direct air capture, consider the potential of natural solutions like afforestation and reforestation (i.e. creating new forests and reforesting existing ones), and implement policies to reduce waste.Finally, we need to encourage product design that minimizes waste and supports a circular economy, provides subsidies and incentives for green technologies, and fosters a just transition that ensures inclusion and equity for all. The bottom line is that we're all in this together. A coordinated, multilayered international effort is essential. The clock is ticking and the days of vague aspirations are over. Leaders around the world need to be held accountable for the commitments they are making, both in the short and long term. In my view, this is not a burden but an opportunity. We're not only helping to create a sustainable future but also harnessing the clean-energy transition to sharpen our competitiveness, advance innovation, and build a better world — today and for generations to come. Cynthia Williams is a member of the One Planet advisory council. Learn more about her work <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-one-planet-advisory-council-supporting-climate-coverage">here</a>.

I'm Ford's head of sustainability, and COP28 showed me 2 ways companies can advance the green transition

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Climeworks got third-party sign-off on its technology for sucking carbon dioxide out of the sky.</li><li>Carbon removal is a key climate fix because greenhouse-gas emissions aren't dropping fast enough.</li></ul>The latest climate win came in the form of an audit.The Swiss company Climeworks this month hit a milestone when, for the first time, <a href="https://climeworks.com/news/climeworks-delivers-third-party-certified-cdr-services" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an independent third-party</a> verified the startup's novel technology for sucking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and storing it underground. The sign-off marked a huge step forward in the nascent world of direct air capture, said Christoph Beuttler, Climeworks' head of climate policy. The <a href="https://climeworks.com/roadmap/orca" target="_blank" rel="noopener">plant in Iceland</a> that delivered the carbon removals for paying customers Stripe, Microsoft, and Shopify is the only commercial direct-air-capture facility in operation, Beuttler told Insider. Certifying its scientific methods and disclosing them to the public builds trust and sets a pathway for the industry to scale, he said."It's super important that we agree on what ton of carbon-dioxide removal is," Beuttler said. There are different ways to remove emissions, including by planting forests — what scientists call afforestation — so establishing a common measurement is essential."We need a standard, because a ton of carbon dioxide removed by Climeworks is not the same as, for example, afforestation. Maybe the trees burn or decompose. They may not last 1,000 years or even 100 years, let alone millennia like what we do."Carbon-dioxide removal is key to helping solve the climate crisis because countries and companies aren't on track to cut their greenhouse-gas emissions in half by 2050, <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>. Without removals, it will be <a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/10/1129912" target="_blank" rel="noopener">all but impossible</a> to achieve the Paris agreement target of limiting global temperature rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels in order to avoid the most catastrophic effects from a warmer planet. While planting trees and restoring wetlands can soak up carbon, nature can't be the only solution because there simply isn't enough space on Earth, <a href="https://www.unimelb.edu.au/climate/archived/news/countries-climate-pledges-put-unrealistic-demands-for-land-ahead-of-emissions-reductions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">scientists have found</a>. That's where direct air capture comes in, though it's still early stages: Beuttler said the technology is where solar and wind was in the 1980s. About 2 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide are being removed from the atmosphere each year, nearly all of which is from forests, <a href="https://www.stateofcdr.org/resources" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to a new, first-of-its-kind report led by the University of Oxford</a>. New technologies like direct air capture represent a fraction of that and need to remove hundreds of times more carbon dioxide by 2050 to help countries reach their climate goals, the report says.Global carbon dioxide emissions rose to an estimated 40.5 billion metric tons in 2022, <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/4811/2022/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">according to research by the Global Carbon Project</a>."The next decade is crucial because the amount of deployment required in the second half of the century will only be feasible if we see substantial new deployment in the next 10 years," Gregory Nemet, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a coauthor of the report, said during a press call. Climeworks, for its part, told Insider that its Iceland plant has the capacity to capture 4,000 metric tons. The company expects to bring another plant with 10 times that capacity <a href="https://climeworks.com/news/climeworks-announces-groundbreaking-on-mammoth" target="_blank" rel="noopener">online by 2024</a>. Climeworks uses fans that suck in air through filters to capture carbon dioxide, and works with <a href="https://www.carbfix.com/contact-us" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CarbFix</a> to permanently store the carbon underground in rock formations.<div type="image" title="A man holds mineralized CO2 in the shape of a rod" height="3982" width="5304" msid="97259844" hostid="261" sizebytes="241734"></div>The sector needs more government support to bring down the price of a ton of carbon removed, Beuttler said. Climeworks keeps the price confidential under agreements with its corporate buyers. The International Energy Agency <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/direct-air-capture" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pegged market prices between $600 and $1,000 a ton.</a>"All of our corporate buyers like Microsoft and Swiss Re are amazing, but we're talking about scaling to the size of the oil and gas industry in order to achieve the cleanup that's necessary," Beuttler said. "We need the government to essentially buy down these technologies."The Inflation Reduction Act raised the tax credit for permanent carbon removal to $180 a ton to help attract investors, and the Energy Department <a href="https://www.energy.gov/articles/biden-administration-launches-35-billion-program-capture-carbon-pollution-air-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">plans to spend $3.5 billion over five years</a> on four large-scale, direct-air-capture hubs. The European Union <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/eu-takes-first-step-certify-removing-co2-atmosphere-2022-11-30/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">is laying the groundwork for its own strategy</a>, but few other countries have plans to scale up carbon-dioxide removal.

The world is one step closer to making a business out of vacuuming carbon dioxide from the sky

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-crisis-could-turn-around-this-decade-ipcc-report-2022-4">major UN report</a> offers a playbook for averting the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-crisis-endangers-women-girls-pregnant-people-2022-3">worst</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/allergy-season-may-last-longer-with-double-the-pollen-study-2022-3">effects</a> of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/Antarctica-ice-shelf-previously-thought-stable-collapses-2022-3">climate change</a>, if the world acts now.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-estimate-9000-tree-species-are-still-unknown-to-them-2022-1">Forests</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-solar-power-plan-clean-energy-by-2050-2021-9">solar</a> farms, and compact <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-investing-green-infrastructure-manage-climate-change-2022-3">cities</a> with electric buses can make a huge difference this decade.</li></ul>We only have three years left to avert the worst <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mass-animal-extinctions-climate-change-un-ipcc-report-2022-3">consequences</a> of <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-crisis-could-turn-around-this-decade-ipcc-report-2022-4">a sobering report from the United Nations</a> warned on Monday.Human activities are releasing heat-trapping gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere. That's caused global temperatures to rise 1.1 degrees Celsius in the last 170 years, and the planet is on track to warm roughly 2 more degrees by the end of the century, catastrophically endangering humans' physical health, our food and water supply, the availability of safe places to live, and the survival of animal species.However, there is still time to change our ways. That's the focus of the new report from the UN's <keyword id="11911245" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change" source="Orion">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</keyword> (<keyword id="6941656" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ipcc" source="Orion">IPCC</keyword>), authored by hundreds of scientists from across the globe."As long as you want to keep temperatures below about 3 degrees, we needed to peak emissions immediately, as soon as possible — ideally five to 10 years ago — and the latest, before 2025," Edward Byers, an energy and climate researcher at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, and a lead author on the report, told Insider.<div type="image" title="farmer walks through field of dried brown soybean plants" height="1666" width="2222" msid="90694521" hostid="261"></div>If global emissions of heat-trapping gases peak by 2025, plummet to half their current level by 2030, and drop to zero by 2050 — there's a chance the planet won't warm past 1.5 degrees. In nearly 3,000 pages, the report lays out a playbook to meet that ambitious timeline.Many of the measures in the IPCC's roadmap are cheap, quick, and doable with current technology. Some, like improved mass-transit systems, offer additional benefits, like creating new jobs and addressing socioeconomic inequity."The global benefits of climate action exceed the cost," Stephanie Roe, a lead author on the report and a climate scientist at the World Wildlife Fund, told Insider."It's still possible," Byers said.Here are five straightforward climate actions that governments and businesses of all sizes can tackle right now.<h2>Retrofit cities for electrified transit, biking, and walking</h2><div type="image" title="electric buses lined up inside factory" height="1667" width="2500" msid="90694523" hostid="261"></div>Cities and urban areas make up two-thirds of all global emissions, according to the new IPCC report. Redesigning urban transportation could cut about one-quarter of those emissions by 2050.That means building housing near workplaces, so that residents have short commutes, and designing streets that encourage biking, walking, or taking shared public transit instead of driving personal vehicles. The IPCC also recommends running public buses, trams, and other transit vehicles on electricity rather than oil.The report found that these measures would ultimately save money. They would likely improve local air quality, too.<h2>Ditch <keyword id="11970530" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="fossil-fuels" source="Orion">fossil fuels</keyword> for solar and wind power</h2><div type="image" title="wind turbines and church silhouetted against sunset" height="1667" width="2500" msid="90694525" hostid="261"></div>Electric buses and trains won't drive down emissions much if their energy comes from coal-fired power plants. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas release lots of carbon dioxide and methane when we burn them for energy.For that reason, the energy sector is a far bigger greenhouse-gas polluter than sectors like agriculture or transport. In 2019, energy suppliers produced about 34% of all human-driven emissions worldwide, according to the IPCC report.Climate scientists' core message: We must stop using fossil fuels as quickly as possible.Every pathway to limit warming to 1.5 or even 2 degrees requires almost eliminating fossil-fuel use by the 2050s, Byers said.<div type="image" title="worker in yellow hard hat standing amid field of solar panels spraying water" height="1666" width="2222" msid="90694527" hostid="261"></div>The good <keyword id="11893589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="news" source="Orion">news</keyword> is that <keyword id="12265703" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wind-turbines" source="Orion">wind turbines</keyword> and solar panels have become significantly cheaper to install and operate in the last decade. Now, renewable energy is often competitive with fossil fuels. Governments, businesses, and households should draw energy from wind and solar farms whenever possible, the report recommends."Renewables can be done rapidly and very cheaply nowadays," Byers said, adding, "The electricity sector has made lots of progress on this."<h2>Cut methane emissions by patching leaks</h2><h2><div type="image" title="flames black cloud rising from flarestacks natural gas facility" height="1666" width="2222" msid="90694529" hostid="261"></div></h2>Nearly one-fifth of all the energy sector's emissions are methane — a powerful gas with 30 times the heat-trapping potential of carbon dioxide.Most of that methane comes from "fugitive emissions," meaning leaks from fossil-fuel transportation and processing facilities. An analysis of satellite images from 2019 and 2020 found <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-imagery-reveals-methane-pouring-from-the-us-russia-daily-2022-2">more than 1,800 methane plumes along gas pipelines</a> all over the globe. Altogether, the study calculated, those leaks' emissions were comparable to 20 million additional vehicles on the road for a year.Because the gas has such a potent heating effect in the atmosphere, a drop in methane emissions can help rapidly reduce the speed of global warming. Patching gas leaks would probably save energy companies money, too."That is a really low-hanging fruit, I think, that can be easily addressed," Roe said.<h2>Stop wasting food</h2><div type="image" title="volunteer carries bags of potatoes at drive-thru potato handout" height="1666" width="2223" msid="90694532" hostid="261"></div>Methane also comes from livestock and waste facilities, as cows belch and garbage decomposes. Landfills are the third-largest source of methane emissions in the US, and food waste is the largest category of garbage, according to the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food/sustainable-management-food-basics">Environmental Protection Agency</a>. The <a href="https://www.usda.gov/foodlossandwaste/why">Department of Agriculture</a> estimates that 30-40% of the US food supply is wasted.Wasting less food would mean fewer methane emissions at the landfill and could also reduce emissions upstream in food production. Using food that previously would have gone to waste could allow us to produce less of it, which would mean fewer emissions from fertilizer, farming, and food-processing machinery.<div type="image" title="field of plowed lettuce" height="1666" width="2222" msid="90694535" hostid="261"></div>That's a lifestyle change that individuals and families can make in developed countries. According to the IPCC report, 61% of the world's food waste came from households in 2019."That is an easy way to both increase efficiencies and reduce your own costs as a consumer, reduce the cost down the supply chain, and make a big, big difference in terms of reducing emissions, but also limiting and reducing pressure on land," Roe said.<h2>Protect <keyword id="13075240" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="forests" source="Orion">forests</keyword> and grow more of them</h2><div type="image" title="man with binoculars surveys rainforest canopy green trees" height="1998" width="2664" msid="90694537" hostid="261"></div>Trees thrive by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and storing it in their tissues. That's why forests can be a powerful tool to slow global warming.The IPCC report calls for protecting forests across the planet from deforestation, or the die-off of trees from changing climate conditions, fires, or humans cutting them down. It also points to afforestation, meaning planting new trees where there are none."Afforestation is something that can be deployed today," Byers said.Growing trees takes time, he added, but "it can be done in every country in the world."In this decade, the IPCC's plan could cost $100 or less for every ton of carbon dioxide emissions it prevents. More than half of those mitigation strategies cost just $20 or less per ton, the report estimates. Many of them would ultimately save money.But relying on just one solution isn't enough."There are no silver bullets. We need to do it all," Roe said.

Scientists say climate solutions like solar power and walkable cities are cheap, doable, and can make a dent in the crisis

The second <keyword id="1220534" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="sandstorm">sandstorm</keyword> in two weeks hit <keyword id="1333" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Beijing">Beijing</keyword> on Sunday, turning the skyline yellow and plunging air quality readings to severely <keyword id="6641704" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="polluted">polluted</keyword>. The Chinese capital experienced strong winds on Sunday morning and visibility reduced to between 1 km and 2 km in most areas, according to Beijing's meteorological service. Zhang Linna, chief forecaster at the municipal meteorological station, said the dusty weather, featuring strong winds and thick dust, will last more than 12 hours but its intensity will be slightly weaker than the sandstorm seen on March 15, reports Xinhua news agency. The Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center said the sandstorm was blown southward into China after striking Mongolia between Friday and Saturday. The sandstorm had already shrouded the <keyword id="2349553" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="entire-city">entire city</keyword> of Beijing by 7 a.m. on Sunday, with the PM 10 concentration surpassing 2,000 micrograms per cubic meter, according to the center. It predicted that the air pollution will alleviate on Sunday evening as the sandstorm subsides. Official data shows Beijing's sandstorm onslaughts peaked in the 1950s, when it recorded an average of 18 dusty days a year, but later subsided as afforestation in northern China picked up steam. In the first decade of the new century, the city logged an average of 0.6 dusty days per year. Dusty weather was also observed in other parts of northern and northwestern China, including the <keyword id="400105" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Inner-Mongolia-Autonomous-Region">Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</keyword> and the <keyword id="2126143" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Provinces">provinces</keyword> of Gansu, Shanxi and Hebei. Seven of the 11 cities in Shanxi province hit the highest possible reading in the air quality index (AQI) on Sunday morning -- 500, which suggests hazardous air pollution, with PM 10 being the primary pollutant. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/asteroid-apophis-wont-be-hitting-earth-for-at-least-another-century/articleshow/81719171.cms">‘God of Chaos’ asteroid Apophis won’t be crashing into Earth for at least another century</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/making-vaccines-available-to-indians-may-not-be-enough-it-depends-on-how-judiciously-we-employ-them/articleshow/81720507.cms">Making vaccines available to Indians may not be enough, it depends on how judiciously we employ them</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/article/madhya-pradeshs-kanha-national-park-hosts-a-special-guest-and-no-its-not-the-tiger/articleshow/81721513.cms">Madhya Pradesh’s Kanha National Park hosts a special guest. And, no, it’s not the tiger</a>

Chinese capital Beijing shrouded by another sandstorm, air quality turns to severely polluted

Aarey colony, popularly known as the Green Lung of Mumbai is a suburban located in Goregaon. This lovely region has more than five lakh trees combining the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. While a project for the construction of a new car shed is on the way, a lot of trees are being cut to give room for the said metro project. Protesters are organizing demonstrations and pressing the government in different ways with demands that the cutting of the trees must be stopped. A special bench of the Supreme Court is presently hearing a case related to this. Court proceedings - The story so far The special bench was formed after a few law students made a request to the Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi pressing for the topmost court’s intervention in this issue and stop the cutting of trees with immediate effect. This important move happens one day after the Bombay High Court rejecting an application by the environmentalists asking for a stay on the cutting of trees. Meanwhile, the High Court had also rejected a few petitions that sought to change the Mumbai Civic Body’s tree committee order that approved the cutting of trees in the Aarey colony to create space for the Mumbai Metro’s car shed in the area. Understanding forests in India as per laws Reserved forests and protected forests in India refer to the term forests that have been accorded a certain degree of protection. This term was first introduced in 1927 in British India to refer to the forests that were given protection under the British crown in India. Land rights to the reserved and protected forests are owned by the Government of India. The state governments declare the reserved forests and protected forests. While all rights to activities like grazing and hunting are banned in reserved forests unless there are some specific orders, in case of protected areas, these rights are given to the communities inhabiting on the forest fringes whose livelihood depends on the forest products and resources. Forest Management in India In India, the state and also the national governments are jointly responsible for managing the forest resources in a sustainable manner. The Indian Forest Act 1927 empowers the State Governments in India to enact rules to regulate the various aspects of managing forests. The forest rules can differ from state to state. The Indian Forest Act of 1927 is the legislation that guides the policies, rules and regulations related to the forests. This law defines the procedure under which the state government can declare an area as a Reserved Forest, a Village Forest or a protected forest. Diversion of forest lands for other purposes The forest conservation act requires that the prior approval by the central government is essential for diverting the forest areas for the non-forestry purposes. Diversion of forestry areas for developmental projects is allowed only on grounds of some irrigation projects, transmission lines, defense related projects, railways, roads, power projects, and mining. The act also makes it mandatory to undertake afforestation in compensation of diverting the forest area for the said purpose. Also, the law states efforts must be taken to plan for catchment and treatment, conserving bio-life and wild life, rehabilitation and others and the reports of the efforts taken must be submitted to the state authority. See Also: <a data-type="tilCustomLink">Supreme Court tells Mumbai Metro not to cut any more trees in Aarey</a>

Aarey Forest Case – All you need to know about Forest laws, management and division of forest land

New Delhi, Dec 15 () The Coal Ministry on Sunday said it will establish 'Sustainable Development Cell' (SDC) for promoting sustainable coal mining in the country and address environmental concerns at closure of mines.
 The SDC envisages to address environment mitigation measures in a systemic manner and provide a better environment to people working and residing in the vicinity of mines, the ministry said in a statement. 
 "The Ministry of Coal has decided to establish a 'Sustainable Development Cell' in order to promote environmentally sustainable coal mining in the country and address environmental concerns during the decommissioning or closure of mines," it said.
 The SDC will advise, mentor, plan and monitor mitigation measures taken by coal companies for maximising utilisation of available resources in a sustainable way, minimising adverse impact of mining and mitigating it for further ecosystem services, and will act as nodal point at Ministry of Coal level in this matter.
 The cell will also formulate the future policy framework for environmental mitigation measures, including the Mine closure Fund.
 The SDC will adopt a systemic approach, starting from collection of data, analysis of data, presentation of information, planning based on information by domain experts, adoption of best practices, consultations, innovative thinking, site-specific approaches, knowledge sharing and dissemination with an aim to ease the lives of people and communities in general, the statement said.
 The cell will also do land amelioration and afforestation. 
 In India approximately 2,550 sq km area is under different coal mines and there are plans to bring more areas under it. These land masses require both extensive and intensive amelioration measures.
 The cell will collect all the baseline data/maps related to different coal mines like total mines/block areas, OB dumps areas, water filled voids, reclaimed areas, unutilized areas, plantations from various coal companies, it said.
 All the data/maps will be collated and analysed on a GIS based platform and different thematic information and maps will be prepared.
 These will be updated at regular intervals. All GIS based activities will be carried out with active participation of Central Mine Planning &amp; Design Institute Ltd.
 The cell will also help coal companies identify areas where plantation projects could be taken up immediately, along with identification of various species of plants, suitable for specific regions to create large carbon sinks for climate change management, it said.
 It will also identify the activities to be taken up for creation of additional land suitable for plantation, stabilization of slope, soil treatment, creation of levelled land, dewatering as per timeline under Mine Closure Plan.
 It will check the possibility and plan for productive reuse of these land for rehabilitation, integrated modern township, agriculture, horticulture, FCA compensatory land, renewable energy farms etc.
 About the air quality, emission and noise management, the cell will advice coal companies for effective implementation of environmental mitigation measures (water sprinkling, dust suppression methods, noise barriers etc.) related to air and noise pollution generated due mine activities, heavy earth moving machines, transport of coal.
 It will analyse environment management plans (EMP) of different companies and advise coal companies to making it more effective.
 On mine water management, the cell will collect data regarding present quantity, quality, surface runoff, drainage of mine water, future availability of water collected in UG (under ground) or OC (open cast) coal mines etc., and analyse it on a GIS based platform to prepare model Coal Mine Water Management Plans.
 The plan will suggest ways and also have innovative planning for storage, treatment and re-use of such water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, tourism, industrial or any other sustainable purpose.
 For sustainable overburden management, the cell will also check feasibility and suggest measures to reuse, recycle and rehabilitation of over burdened dumps in a sustainable manner.
 It will examine and plan out use of overburdened material for use in different infrastructure projects, earthen bunds, among others.
 For sustainable mine tourism, it will explore and conceptualise a plan for beautification and creation of eco-parks in reclaimed areas, which will also include water bodies, for recreation activities and tourism purpose. 
 It will also explore tourism potential and plan it out in few underground mines.
 For planning and monitoring, it will analyse Mine Closure Plans of different companies and advise to make it more effective.
 The cell will help coal companies finalise timeline for execution of different mitigation activities/projects in all mines in phased manner, the statement added.
 It will also monitor effective utilization of Mine Closure Fund and Environment Budgets of Different Coal Companies.
 The cell will will hire experts/institutions/organisations to conduct specific studies for establishing a robust knowledge base.
 It will organise consultative meetings, workshops, field visits, exposure study tours to enrich the knowledge base, known best global and ideas for environmental mitigation planning and monitoring.
 The cell will conduct regular workshop and seminar for company level officials to educate them in new methods, technologies, approaches and also global practices, the statement said. KKS RVK

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