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Bengaluru, Ahead of India's Aditya-L1 <keyword id="73822" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-mission" source="Orion">solar mission</keyword>, a top scientist said the monitoring of the Sun on a 24-hour basis is a must to study <keyword id="18618306" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-quakes" source="Orion">solar quakes</keyword> which can alter the geomagnetic fields of earth. The Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun is slated to be launched at 11.50 am from the Sriharikota spaceport on Saturday. Explaining the need to study the Sun, Professor and In-Charge Scientist at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Dr R Ramesh told PTI that just as there are earthquakes on Earth, there are something called solar quakes - called as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) - on the surface of the Sun. In this process, millions and millions of tons of solar materials are thrown into the interplanetary space, he said, adding these CMEs can travel at a speed of approximately 3,000 km per second. "Some of the CMEs can also be directed towards the Earth. The fastest CME can reach near Earth space in approximately 15 hours," Dr Ramesh pointed out. On why this mission was different from other similar ventures, he said, "Though ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (<keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword>) have launched similar missions in the past, the <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aditya-l1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> mission will be unique in two main aspects because we will be able to observe the solar corona from the place where it almost starts. Also we'll be able to observe the magnetic field changes in the solar atmosphere, which are the cause for coronal mass ejections or solar quakes." Sometimes, these CMEs damage satellites by "engulfing" them, he said. Due to the discharged particle flow from the CMEs, all the electronics onboard satellites can malfunction. These CMEs come all the way to Earth, Dr Ramesh said. In 1989, for instance, when there was a massive eruption of the solar atmosphere, Quebec in Canada went without power for about 72 hours; And in 2017, the Zurich airport in Switzerland was affected because of CME for almost 14 to 15 hours. Dr Ramesh said once the CMEs reach the Earth, which is like a big magnet with north and south poles, they can travel along the magnetic field lines and then they can alter the Earth's geomagnetic field. Once the geomagnetic field is affected, it can impact the high voltage transformers. "So, it is very important to put a centre of observation to continuously monitor the Sun, which is possible from the Lagrangian (L1) point," he pointed out. India is launching the Aditya-L1 to place its satellite at Langrangian-1 point. According to him, the authorities at Bengaluru-based IIA, an institution with a long tradition of almost close to 125 years of observing the Sun, felt that they should monitor the Sun on a 24 hours basis so that any changes that are taking place (on the Sun) are very well observed. Though observations of the Sun can be carried out with a ground-based telescope, they have two major limitations, Dr Ramesh said. One is that there are only eight or nine hours available in a day to monitor the sun since such observations can be carried out only during day time and not at night. The second challenge while monitoring the Sun from Earth is that the light coming from the Sun will be scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere. As a result the image can get blurred, he explained. To avoid these shortcomings in solar observation, the IIA felt the need to have a telescope in space for 24-hour uninterrupted observations of the Sun. There are five vantage points from where the Sun can be monitored. These are called the Lagrangian points, which are named after an Italian astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange who discovered them. The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth at the Lagrange points are perfectly balanced, the scientist said. "Of all these five points, there is a point called L1 to have an uninterrupted view of the Sun. This point is located between the Sun and Earth at a distance of 1.5 million km from the Earth," the IIA professor explained. According to him, the Aditya L1 space mission will take 100-plus days to reach the Lagrangian-1 point. Data from this satellite will be downloaded at ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network near Byalalu on the outskirts of Bengaluru and will be transmitted by a dedicated internet link to the Payload Operations Centre of the IIA, Dr Ramesh said. The data will be processed and sent back to ISRO for dissemination to the general public as well as for use by the scientific community.

Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

Paris [France], March 30 (ANI): Director General of the <keyword id="20681418" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="european-space-agency" source="keywords">European Space Agency</keyword> (<keyword id="191401" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ESA" source="Orion">ESA</keyword>), <keyword id="21132866" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="josef-aschbacher" source="keywords">Josef Aschbacher</keyword>, has heaped praise on the <keyword id="19915130" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="keywords">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) for its recent successful launches and said that India's accomplishments in space and especially in lunar exploration is 'astonishing'. Aschbacher posted an appreciation post on X, after ESA hosted its 323rd Council meeting in Paris which was attended by the ISRO Chairman, S Somanath. ESA Member States met in Paris, France, for the 323rd session of the ESA Council on March 26 and 27, 2024. The European scientist also underscored that the significance of strengthening ties and deepening cooperation with international partners cannot be underestimated. "What India is accomplishing in space - especially in Lunar exploration - is astonishing. We hosted ISRO's Chairman, Dr. S. Somanath at ESA Council today. It was a milestone occasion for Delegates to learn more about current and future plans for ESA-ISRO cooperation," he posted on X. "The strategic importance of strengthening ties and deepening cooperation with international partners cannot be underestimated," he added. <div type="twitter" handle="AschbacherJosef" handlename="AschbacherJosef" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1773071288686264521"></div> Additionally, Astronaut <keyword id="20326710" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="thomas-pesquet" source="keywords">Thomas Pesquet</keyword> also shared about meeting with the ISRO chairman and the ESA Director and said that they witnessed enthusiastic exchanges between the two leaders. "Very proud to welcome ISRO chairman Shri. S. Somanath at ESA HQ in Paris yesterday, with our director Josef Aschbacher. Enthusiastic exchanges between the two men, and abounding cooperation opportunities between the two organisations. Let's co-travel to space together!" he posted on X. <div type="twitter" handle="Thom_astro" handlename="Thom_astro" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1773399899498803577"></div> In a stellar display of prowess, India soared to new heights in 2023 with the successful soft landing of <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> on the South Pole of the Moon and the launch of <keyword id="5998804" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aditya-L1" source="Orion">Aditya-L1</keyword>, India's first solar mission. These milestones not only secured India's standing in the global space economy but also fueled the engines for the private space sector in India. On August 23, 2023, the Chandrayaan-3 mission created history with the successful soft landing on Moon's surface. India is now the first nation to reach near the Moon's unexplored South Pole and ranks amongst the top four nations to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar mission and the second attempt to land softly on the moon's surface. It's part of the Chandrayaan program, a series of missions developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to explore the moon. The mission consists of a Vikram lunar lander, a Pragyan lunar rover, and a propulsion module that carries the spacecraft from Earth orbit to lunar orbit. Additionally, in a major milestone, India placed its first dedicated solar mission, the Aditya-L1 spacecraft, in the Halo orbit. The country went gaga over this historic achievement, especially since this mission came at the back of India's moon landing, the Chandrayaan-3 mission. Aditya-L1 reached Lagrange Point L1 which is about 1.5 million km from earth. The PSLV-C57.1 rocket carrying the Aditya-L1 orbiter lifted off successfully from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, in September.

European Space Agency Director praises ISRO, calls India's accomplishments in space "astonishing"

Bengaluru, ISRO on Thursday released a "selfie" and images of the <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">Earth</keyword> and the <keyword id="42440" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="moon" source="Orion">Moon</keyword> taken by the camera on-board Aditya-L1 solar mission spacecraft. "Aditya-L1, destined for the Sun-Earth L1 point, takes a selfie and images of the Earth and the Moon," the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said on 'X'. The images show VELC (Visible Emission Line Coronagraph) and SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imager) instruments as seen by the camera on-board Aditya-L1 on September 4, 2023. ISRO also shared the images of the Earth and Moon as seen by the camera.

Aditya-L1 camera takes a selfie, images of Earth, Moon

Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">Sun</keyword>, is getting ready for its launch soon, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="90" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> said on Monday. The satellite, realised at U R Rao Satellite Centre here, has arrived at the ISRO's spaceport in <keyword id="6355143" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="Sriharikota" source="Orion">Sriharikota</keyword> in Andhra Pradesh, the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said in an update on the mission. "Mostly September first week," an ISRO official told PTI when asked about the date of the launch. The spacecraft is expected to be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1 point has a major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/eclipses, ISRO noted. "This will provide a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and its effect on space weather in real time," it said. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads would carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. "The suits of <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="90" keywordseo="Aditya-L1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> payloads are expected to provide most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields etc.," ISRO said. The major science objectives of the Aditya-L1 mission are: study of solar upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics; study of chromospheric and coronal heating, physics of the partially ionised plasma, initiation of the coronal mass ejections, and flares; observe the in-situ particle and plasma environment providing data for the study of particle dynamics from the Sun; physics of solar corona and its heating mechanism; diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loops plasma: temperature, velocity and density; development, dynamics and origin of coronal mass ejections; identify the sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers (chromosphere, base and extended corona) which eventually leads to solar eruptive events; magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona; drivers for space weather (origin, composition and dynamics of solar wind). The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona, while the in-situ instruments will observe the local environment at L1.

ISRO gearing up for mission to study Sun; satellite arrives at Sriharikota for launch

8 pictures you must see to understand what ISRO's Aditya L1 is looking for

<ul><li>A team of Indian researchers were able to predict the Sun’s corona correctly. </li><li> This model can also be used to predict the weather in space, and check its impact on astronauts and earth among others.</li></ul>While the whole world was gazing at the much-awaited ‘<keyword id="1450436" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="total-solar-eclipse">total solar eclipse</keyword>’ on July 2, a team of researchers from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (<keyword id="6481195" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="IISER">IISER</keyword>) Kolkata was busy comparing their prediction of the shape of the Sun's atmosphere with the actual eclipse. And, the team got it right. The computer-model that team had built, was in line with the major features of the actual eclipse. The model by IISER researchers can now be used to predict the shape of the Sun's corona beforehand, <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/larger-features-of-total-solar-eclipse-match-iiser-kolkatas-prediction/article28304990.ece">reported The Hindu. </a> The Weather in Space The teams had predicted a model of the Sun’s atmosphere. According to reports, this model can also be used to predict the weather in space, and check its impact on astronauts and earth among others. Indians were not able to enjoy the total <keyword id="6699518" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-eclipse">solar eclipse</keyword>. The eclipse was visible in South Pacific region and some parts of South America, said The Weather Channel. “We now know the basic theoretical premise of our computational modelling is correct. This work has given us confidence to utilise similar theoretical models for supporting the interpretation of data from India's Aditya-L1 solar space mission which is currently under development,” says Prof. Nandi, who was a part of the team. The team predicted two petal like formation on either side of the corona along with extended plume like structure — that would be stretched in the solar system from their tips. The prediction was done through a two-step process. The first step was to predict the form of Sun’s surface magnetic field on the day of eclipse. Further, the second step was to reveal the structure of Corona using another model.

A team of researchers from India found a way to predict the shape of the Sun's corona

The Indian space agency is having a busy launch schedule next year that includes commercial, navigation, <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">sun</keyword> and moon missions, said a top official. Speaking to the reporters here <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) Chairman S. Somanath said integration tests are happening with regard to the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft. He said the space agency will look at June 2023 for the moon mission. The ISRO is also planning to have its mission to the sun with its satellite Aditya-L1, a coronagraphy spacecraft to study the solar atmosphere, an official told IANS. According to ISRO, the spacecraft will be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point, L1, of the Sun-Earth system. A satellite around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without occultation/eclipses. The ISRO will open 2023 with the commercial launch of 36 satellites of the UK-based OneWeb, said its Chairman S. Somanath. The first batch of 36 satellites was successfully launched on Sunday. The UK company has contracted with <keyword id="10244841" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="newspace-india-ltd" source="Orion">NewSpace India Ltd</keyword> (NSIL) to pay over Rs 1,000 crore for both launches. OneWeb is a joint venture between India Bharti Global and the UK government. The other mission slotted for 2023 is the launch of a navigation satellite for the country's <keyword id="3341273" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="navic" source="Orion">NavIC</keyword> constellation. According to Somanath, the space agency will end 2022 with the launch of its small rocket - Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (<keyword id="6864059" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sslv" source="Orion">SSLV</keyword>) in December. The rocket's maiden mission this year was a failure. The ISRO will also send a satellite to study the oceans -- Oceansat- 3 with a couple of other satellites as piggyback luggage. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/reliance-reports-a-profit-decline-in-q2-even-as-revenue-surges-33-yoy/articleshow/95017302.cms">Reliance reports a profit decline in Q2 even as revenue surges 33% YoY</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-reports-4-profit-growth-in-q2-subscriber-addition-arpu-growth-slows-down/articleshow/95017181.cms">Reliance Jio reports 4% profit growth in Q2 – subscriber addition, ARPU growth slows down</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/ril-shareholders-to-get-shares-on-11-basis-in-soon-to-be-listed-jfsl/articleshow/95023780.cms">RIL shareholders to get shares on 1:1 basis in soon to be listed JFSL</a>

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Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

PTI

European Space Agency Director praises ISRO, calls India's accomplishments in space "astonishing"

ANI

Aditya-L1 camera takes a selfie, images of Earth, Moon

PTI

ISRO gearing up for mission to study Sun; satellite arrives at Sriharikota for launch

PTI

8 pictures you must see to understand what ISRO's Aditya L1 is looking for

A team of researchers from India found a way to predict the shape of the Sun's corona

Preeti Soni

ISRO planning on Sun and Moon missions for 2023 along with commercial launches

IANS

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