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<ul><li><keyword id="6554535" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Dhruv-Prajapati">Dhruv Prajapati</keyword> a young arachnological researcher from <keyword id="6354766" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gujarat">Gujarat</keyword> has identified seven confirmed new species of <keyword id="23924" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Spiders">spiders</keyword> in India.</li><li>He has named one of his discoveries Tropizodium <keyword id="5350457" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kalami">Kalami</keyword> after the country’s late President Dr APJ <keyword id="5141" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Abdul-Kalam">Abdul Kalam</keyword>.</li><li>He maintains that spiders are incredibly beneficial - they help regulate insect population and some species can even help determine soil toxicity.</li></ul>It’s tiny, it has eight legs, it is mostly harmless, yet it is one of the most feared creatures on Earth. Yes, we are talking about the humble, albeit slightly creepy, spider. And while most humans can’t resist picking up a broom to shoo the tiny arachnid away, a few stare at the creature with pure fascination. Dhruv Prajapati, a young researcher from Gujarat, is one of them. The 26-year-old has merged his passion with his studies and is one of very few arachnological researchers in India. In fact, while researching for his Master’s dissertation he managed to identify 77 species of spiders all within the Gujarat University campus in India. Some of these were quite rare and few knew of their existence in the state. In 2016, he was awarded the Young Naturalist Award by Sanctuary Asia, a well-known wildlife and nature conservation magazine from India. We spoke to the young man who is now pursuing a PhD in spider diversity from the Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. Over the past three years, he has conducted an in-depth study on these creatures spanning from the Western Ghats of Gujarat to Maharashtra, Goa and Kerala. 
	
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 During his research, Prajapati has identified seven confirmed new species of spiders in India. <ul><li>Two of these belong to the ant-eating spider genus Tropizodium that are incredibly rare and have for the first time been reported from India. He has named one of these Kalami, after the country’s late President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam and the other is called viridurbium. </li><li>The third and the fourth species, Cambalida tuma and Cambalida deorsa, belong to the genus Cambalida that was so far believed to be endemic to Africa and were reported by Dhruv for the first time in Asia.</li><li>The fifth and the sixth species are from the jumping spider family Salticidae - Stenaelurillus gabrieli (named after Padmabhushan awardee Dr Fr. Gabriel CMI, founder of the zoology department in Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi), and Langelurillus onyx. Langelurillus is also an African genus and was reported in Asia for the first time. </li><li>And the seventh one is Meotipa multuma from the family Theridiidae.</li></ul> All these new findings were published in <a href="http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/">Zootaxa</a>, one of the world’s leading scientific journals from New Zealand. He is also working on a bunch of research papers on new species, which, when approved by the international reviewers, will be added to his kitty of discoveries. On being questioned on how dangerous the feared creatures are, he emphatically replied, “most species are not harmful. And while almost all species have a certain amount of venom, they can only harm small creatures that are their prey and if they happen to bite a human, which is quite rare, they can cause just a small infection.” That being said, Australian and North American spiders are much more venomous though they don’t attack humans very often. Not only are spiders supremely beneficial, some species are really quite pretty. A particular favourite of Prajapati’s is the peacock spider, that is found in Australia. Like birds, the male spiders court females by showing off their colourful abdomen, that have flaps which they raise while dancing, to impress the female. He also reiterated how important spiders are to our ecology. “Spiders help in regulating insect population. In fact, 80% of the insect population is eradicated by spiders, which is much more than that of birds, and this helps farmers significantly.” Ground spiders can also detect soil toxicity as they are sensitive to metal pollution in soil. And should they enter your homes, hold back your urge to screech and call for help, for they are also getting rid of the actual pests in your house, including mosquitoes and other bugs that bite, annoy and spread disease.

This 26-year-old has a strange passion for a creepy-crawly and has seven discoveries to his name

<ul><li>A <keyword id="6384711" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="new-species">new species</keyword> of frog, Microhyla kodial, was discovered in the Indian coastal state of <keyword id="6354780" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Karnataka">Karnataka</keyword>. </li><li>First noticed two years ago, a team of Indian scientists published their discovery in the <keyword id="1032699" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Zootaxa">Zootaxa</keyword> journal this week. </li><li>It’s possible that the <keyword id="6536559" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="frogs">frogs</keyword> were accidentally introduced into India from one of the southeast Asian nations.</li></ul>Rather than in the middle of the wilderness, a new species of frog was <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/newest-frog-for-india-from-karnataka/article23905903.ece">found</a> in an industrial region along the coast of one of India’s southern states, Karnataka. Now deemed the <keyword id="2562160" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mangaluru">Mangaluru</keyword> narrow-mouthed frog, the discovery was first <a href="http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4420.2.1">published</a> in the international journal Zootaxa earlier this week, on Tuesday. Unique habitat The scientific name of the new species is Microhyla kodial as a homage to the city of Mangaluru, which is called kodial in the local language of <keyword id="6361239" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="konkani">Konkani</keyword>, where the frog was first spotted two years ago. The research team that consists of 6 members, found that these frogs live exclusively within the urban environment between Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited and National Highway 66. The entire patch is a former timber yard that’s surrounded by industrial factories on all sides. Why weren’t they found till now? Considering that the frog is only 2cm long, it could’ve been easily overlooked in the urban setting that consists of its habitat. It can be told apart from other frogs because of the thick olive-green band on its head and the darker green bands on the rest of its body. But what stands out the most, are the frog’s distinct calls. The team’s current theory is that frogs may have been accidentally introduced into the Indian landscape from a southeast Asian country. The timber yard, that is their home, used to be a depot for wood imported from Myanmar, Malaysia and <keyword id="8692" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indonesia">Indonesia</keyword>. Not to mention that their own genetic composition is closer to Asian frog than that of Indian frogs. The Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog is the 42nd species to join the ranks of the Microhyla organisms documented in south Asia. Globally, there are a total of 650 frogs that belong to Microhylidae family.

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This 26-year-old has a strange passion for a creepy-crawly and has seven discoveries to his name

Kavita Majumdar

India’s newest frog species may have been introduced from Southeast Asia

Prabhjote Gill

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