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<ul class="summary-list"><li>During <keyword id="6357515" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="World-War-II">World War II</keyword>, the Nazis set up over 1,000 ghettos around Europe, forcing Jewish residents into them.</li><li>The largest was in Warsaw, where some 400,000 Jews lived in squalor in a 1.3-square-mile area.</li><li>Resistance fighters in Warsaw, more than one-third of them women, launched the largest ghetto revolt of the war on April 19, 1943, inspiring similar rebellions across Europe.</li></ul><p>After German dictator Adolf Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939, Nazis began segregating millions of Jews in Eastern Europe into sections of towns and cities designated "ghettos," eventually stripping inhabitants of their belongings and rights and sealing them in with barricades and armed guards.</p><p>In the Polish capital of Warsaw, home to the world's second-largest Jewish population before the war, Nazis established the largest of more than 1,000 ghettos set up around Europe. </p><p>They intentionally housed some 400,000 Jews in inhumane conditions in the 1.3-square-mile <a href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/warsaw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Warsaw ghetto</a>, allowing disease and starvation to run rampant ahead of mass deportations to extermination camps.</p><p>Years of war and genocide would go by before Allied troops liberated Europe, but as the Nazis systematically murdered millions, pockets of rebellion emerged, including secret Jewish resistance groups.</p><div type="image" title="Nazi Germany Warsaw ghetto uprising" height="1333" width="2000" msid="81916353" hostid="261"></div><p>Starving, lacking supplies, and facing ruthless oppression, Jewish partisans carried out acts of rebellion within the ghettos.</p><p>Among the most famous is the <keyword id="4734021" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="warsaw-ghetto-uprising">Warsaw ghetto uprising</keyword> that began on April 19, 1943, when resistance fighters launched a surprise attack on Nazis coming to liquidate the ghetto, leading to the largest ghetto revolt of World War II and inspiring similar rebellions across occupied Europe.</p><p>More than one-third of the fighters who rose up in the <keyword id="1872581" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Warsaw-Ghetto">Warsaw ghetto</keyword> were women. Many were active in Jewish youth movements before the war.</p><p>Ghetto girls defied the typical image of World War II partisans and used Nazis' misogyny to their advantage. Some smuggled weapons in coffins and grenades in menstrual pads. They carried illegal publications between ghettos in their braids and sewed forged papers into their skirts. They blew up an Auschwitz crematorium with gunpowder smuggled in a teaspoon at a time in their bosoms.</p><p>Their courage and sacrifice has remained in the background of resistance histories. A new book by Judy Batalion, "<a href="https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-light-of-days-judy-batalion?variant=32201589391394">The Light of Days: The Untold Story of Women Resistance Fighters in Hitler's Ghettos</a>," recounts how the war's most unassuming combatants fought Hitler's Final Solution.</p><p>Here are a few of their stories:</p><p><strong>Zivia Lubetkin cofounded a major underground movement and led Warsaw ghetto inhabitants through neck-deep sewer water to escape the final liquidation.</strong></p><div type="image" title="Zivia Lubetkin" height="1499" width="1999" msid="81916356" hostid="261"></div><p>Born to a middle-class Jewish family in the rural Polish town of Byten, Zivia Lubetkin gravitated toward youth movements as a teenager.</p><p>Despite her parents' disapproval, she became a leader in a socialist-Zionist movement called "Freedom" in the 1930s, encouraging Jews to go live and work on communal farms, or "kibbutzim," in Palestine.</p><p>In August 1939, when she was living in Warsaw and running educational programs and securing visas for the Freedom movement, she attended a meeting in Switzerland of Zionist delegates from around the world. There, she received a special certificate permitting her to immigrate to Palestine and avoid what promised to be a difficult future for Europe's Jews.</p><p>But Zivia was set on returning to Poland and arrived in Warsaw a day before the Nazi invasion. She moved east to Soviet-held territory, where she led communications and intelligence for her Zionist movement's efforts to smuggle people to Palestine.</p><div type="image" title="Nazi Germany SS Warsaw ghetto uprising" height="1429" width="2000" msid="81916360" hostid="261"></div><p>In 1940, she snuck back into Nazi-held Warsaw, joining fellow partisans to run underground educational and social programs, aiding Jewish families facing the horrors of the occupation.</p><p>In July 1942, as Nazis began mass deportations from the ghettos, Zivia cofounded a youth underground movement called ŻOB (Jewish Fighting Organization). As ŻOB's only elected female leader, she helped arm and mobilize fighters within the Warsaw ghetto, steal from wealthy German-aligned Jews, and kill Nazis in ambushes.</p><p>She fought in an attack on Nazis coming to deport Warsaw ghetto inhabitants in January 1943, surviving several days of combat and mobilizing other fighters to build an underground network of bunkers and escape routes in preparation for the next revolt.</p><p>On April 19, 1943, as more than 1,000 heavily armed Nazis entered the Warsaw ghetto to transport the remaining inhabitants to death camps, Zivia and fellow fighters threw homemade bombs and fired at the German soldiers.</p><p>Their arsenal was a measly supply of smuggled weapons and homemade Molotov cocktails, but they caught the Nazis by surprise and forced them to withdraw for a few days.</p><div type="image" title="Warsaw ghetto uprising women Jewish resistance" height="1499" width="1999" msid="81916362" hostid="261"></div><p>Ghetto inhabitants hid in bunkers and sewers, but when the German soldiers returned, they began leveling the ghetto. Because of the armed resistance, the Nazis' original plan to liquidate the ghetto in a few days turned into nearly a month of guerilla fighting between the soldiers and the inhabitants.</p><p>The Germans ultimately slaughtered thousands who were forced out of their hiding places and sent most of the remaining inhabitants to the Treblinka extermination camp. Zivia, though, led a group out through a network of underground sewers and into hiding beyond the ghetto walls.</p><p>Soviet forces liberated Warsaw in January 1945. Zivia moved to Palestine and, along with other Polish resistance leaders, founded the Ghetto Fighters Kibbutz and Museum. She testified against senior SS officer Adolf Eichmann in 1961 and gave talks about the <keyword id="6504422" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="holocaust">Holocaust</keyword>. She had two children in Israel and died there in 1978 at age 63.</p><p><strong>Spared from extermination because Nazis made her work as a photographer, Faye Schulman ran away and joined the partisans as a fighter and nurse whose photographs documented atrocities and resistance activities.</strong></p><div type="image" title="Warsaw ghetto uprising Faye Schulman WWII" height="1161" width="1549" msid="81916365" hostid="261"></div><p>Faigel "Faye" Lazebnik Schulman grew up in Lenin, a town on Poland's eastern border where Nazis carried out a mass shooting that killed her family and friends.</p><p>Faye was spared by the Nazis, who ordered her to work for them developing gruesome pictures of the liquidation, including the murder of her family.</p><p>Only 19 years old, she ran away into the woods and convinced a partisan commander to let her join the resistance, where a veterinarian trained her as a nurse.</p><p>Schulman helped perform surgeries on gurneys made of branches, once numbing a fellow fighter with vodka before snipping off his wounded finger bone with her teeth.</p><div type="image" title="Faye Schulman Warsaw ghetto uprising Jewish resistance WWII" height="1419" width="2000" msid="81916367" hostid="261"></div><p>She kept her Judaism a secret and slept with a gun she used in regular guerilla combat missions, including a raid of her hometown.</p><p>After the liberation, she received a medal from the Soviet government and married a partisan commander.</p><p>They lived in a displaced-persons camp in Germany and joined an underground organization smuggling European Jews into Palestine.</p><p>In 1948, she, her husband, and their infant emigrated to Canada, where she resides today.</p><p><strong>Niuta Teitelbaum - whose disguises included Polish farm girl, SS officer's girlfriend, and doctor - assassinated Nazis with a silenced pistol. </strong></p><div type="image" title="Niuta Teitelbaum Warsaw ghetto uprising resistance" height="928" width="1238" msid="81916369" hostid="261"></div><p>Teitelbaum hoped that her petite frame and blonde braids would make her look like an innocent Aryan girl, when in reality she was an armed Jewish partisan who assassinated Gestapo officers and organized a women's unit within the Warsaw ghetto.</p><p>She grew up in Łódź and studied history at Warsaw University. Soon after the Nazis occupied Warsaw in 1939, 22-year-old Teitelbaum volunteered for the underground to fight for fellow Jews and for a free Poland.</p><p>Working for the People's Army and ŻOB, she trained women in the Warsaw ghetto to use the weapons she helped smuggle in.</p><p>On one occasion, she walked into a Gestapo apartment in central Warsaw and killed two Nazi Gestapo agents and wounded a third.</p><p>Intent on finishing off the injured agent, she gained access to the hospital he was in by putting on a physician's coat and pretending to be a doctor; then she shot and killed the Nazi and the police officer guarding him. </p><p>Her reputation for flirting her way into the company of SS agents and then shooting them in the head earned her a spot on the Gestapo's most-wanted lists and the nickname "Little Wanda with the Braids." </p><p>She survived the Warsaw uprising, even joining a raid on a Nazi machine-gun position atop the ghetto walls during the fighting, but in summer 1943, a few months after the Warsaw ghetto was destroyed, Gestapo agents captured, tortured, and executed Teitelbaum. She was 25 years old.</p>

The surprising ways 3 women secretly fought the Nazis in Poland

<p><strong><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div></strong></p><ul><li><strong>Republican Rep. Don Young suggested during a recent town hall in Juneau, Alaska, that more guns could have saved Jews in Germany during the Holocaust.</strong></li><li><strong>"How many Jews were put in the ovens because they were unarmed?" said Young, the longest-serving member of the House.</strong></li><li><strong>Young pinned the blame for the recent school shootings on video games and other media.</strong></li></ul><p>Republican Rep. Don Young of Alaska suggested that looser gun laws could have saved Jews during the Holocaust.</p><p>During <a href="https://www.alaskapublic.org/2018/02/26/rep-young-suggests-guns-couldve-saved-jews-during-holocaust/">a recent town hall event in&#xa0;</a><span><a href="https://www.alaskapublic.org/2018/02/26/rep-young-suggests-guns-couldve-saved-jews-during-holocaust/">Juneau, Alaska,</a> Young was asked by&#xa0;Dimitri Shein, who is running as a Democrat in opposition to Young, what he thought of school safety.</span></p><p><span>In response, Young questioned how many people could have been saved in Germany during the Holocaust and the Russia under Joseph Stalin if guns were allowed.</span></p><p>"<span>How many millions of people were shot and killed because they were unarmed? Fifty million in Russia," Young said. "How many Jews were put in the ovens because they were unarmed?"</span><span></span></p><p><span>The argument that gun control was a potential factor in the breadth of the Holocaust is not a new one: Department of Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson and other politicians have suggested the connection in the past, But the&#xa0;</span><span>Anti-Defamation League has consistently rejected the idea that gun control played a factor.</span></p><p><span>"T</span>he small number of personal firearms in the hands of the small number of Germany's Jews (about 214,000) remaining in Germany in 1938 could in no way have stopped the totalitarian power of the Nazi German state," the ADL <a href="https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/adl-says-nazi-analogies-have-no-place-in-gun-control-debate">said in 2013</a>. "When they had weapons, Jews could symbolically resist, as they did in the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and elsewhere, but could not stop the Nazi genocide machine."</p><p><span>Young is the dean of the House, a title given to the longest continuously serving member, and a long-time opponent of gun control measures. The Alaska Republican also pinned some of the recent school shootings on video games and other media.</span><span></span></p><p><span>"Let's go back to what we've done with video games," Young said. "Have any of you seen some of those video games? Have you watched what they're watching? It is the worst I've ever seen, violence beyond anyone's imagination."</span></p><p><span>Young also said that he supports President Donald Trump's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/paul-ryan-trump-giving-teachers-guns-florida-shooting-2018-2?r=UK&amp;IR=T">suggestion to arm teachers</a> as a way to stop shootings.</span></p><h2><strong>You can watch Young's remarks here:</strong></h2><p>&#xa0;</p><p><span>&#xa0;</span></p><div></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/henry-blodget-will-arming-teachers-guns-help-stop-school-shootings-2018-2">Henry Blodget: Will arming teachers with guns help stop school shootings?</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div></hr>

Top GOP congressman: 'How many Jews were put in the ovens because they were unarmed?'

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/license/456464326">Andrew Burton/Getty</a></span></p><p class="caption">Trump supporters have been calling the New York Times en masse.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Conservative New York Times opinion columnist Bret Stephens was at the center of ridicule again this week after a column published Friday likened his being called a "bedbug" on Twitter to the dehumanizing language about Jewish people under Nazi authorities in WWII. </li><li>Stephens' column highlighted parallels in the Nazis' plans to slaughter of Jewish people under the Nazi regime to "delousing" and "bedbugs," days after he lambasted a college professor for joking that Stephens was part of the Times' newsroom bedbug outbreak. </li><li>Many Twitter users reacted to the column with disbelief, adding a new chapter to the Twitter blow-up that led to him <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-york-times-bret-stephens-deactivates-twitter-bed-bug-email-2019-8">deleting his account</a> and earning ridicule from people including President Donald Trump and New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. </li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit INSIDER's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul><p>Conservative New York Times opinion columnist Bret Stephens was at the center of ridicule again after a column published Friday mentioned bedbugs in reference to the horrors of WWII days after he let loose on a Twitter user for comparing him to the pest. </p><p>Stephens' column highlighted parallels in the Nazis' plans to slaughter of Jewish people to "delousing" and "bedbugs." </p><p>David Karpf, a professor of media and public affairs at George Washington University, <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/08/the-new-york-times-has-bed-bugs.html">tweeted Tuesday about the news</a> that the Times's Manhattan newsroom had been infested with bed bugs, and wrote on Twitter that Stephens was one of the bedbugs in question.</p><p>"The bedbugs are a metaphor," <a href="https://twitter.com/davekarpf/status/1166094950024515584">he wrote</a>. "The bedbugs are Bret Stephens."</p><p>Stephens lambasted Karpf over an email that was also directed at his university provost. Later that day, Stephens <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/bret-stephens-bedbugs-totalitarian-regimes-msnbc">took to MSNBC</a> to insist that "analogizing people to insects is always wrong… Being analogized to insects goes back to a lot of totalitarian regimes in the past."</p><biembeddedobject id="af07eab3-6473-45f5-9e47-14774dd7d984" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1166343797334261763?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />"There's a bad history of being analogized to insects that go back to a lot of totalitarian regimes" Bret Stephens says w/ a straight face at the end of this clip when asked about bedbug-gate<br /><a href="https://t.co/lPHJiWgAAc">pic.twitter.com/lPHJiWgAAc</a></biembeddedobject><p>Many Twitter users reacted to the column with disbelief, referencing Stephens' Twitter blow-up that led to him <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-york-times-bret-stephens-deactivates-twitter-bed-bug-email-2019-8">deleting his account</a> and earning ridicule from people including New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. </p><p><em><strong>Read more</strong>: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aoc-mocks-nyt-columnist-bret-stephens-bed-bug-comment-2019-8">'My own friends roast me harder than that': Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez weighs in on New York Times columnist Bret Stephens lashing out over 'bedbug' comment</a></em></p><biembeddedobject id="18cdf373-707b-491f-b102-e90c5228f7c6" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167578038483259394?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />My jaw is on the floor <a href="https://t.co/repnmcL2Ud">pic.twitter.com/repnmcL2Ud</a></biembeddedobject><biembeddedobject id="21d8db59-532e-4fc3-8a35-9424c7c84000" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167600351840784389?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />So I finished this Bret Stephens piece and I'm not exaggerating when I say it is the dumbest thing I have ever read (today). <a href="https://t.co/Ohnb9OqNVZ">pic.twitter.com/Ohnb9OqNVZ</a></biembeddedobject><biembeddedobject id="89c7d2f8-c04a-48ca-914f-76783e1a3ef9" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167612511392325633?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />That Bret Stephens column that not-so-subtly references Dave Karpf should be retracted. It knowingly slanders Karpf in the Paper of Record, likening a mild Twitter insult to the stuff of Nazis, and all because he got his feelings hurt. Children shouldn't have <a href="https://twitter.com/nytimes?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@nytimes</a> columns.</biembeddedobject><p> </p><p>Several more Twitter users <a href="https://twitter.com/nycsouthpaw/status/1167586059120758784">pointed out</a> that the link that was embedded in Stephens' piece <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zhN3mYSNd2cC&amp;pg=PA155&amp;lpg=PA155&amp;dq=Jews+as+bedbugs&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=49qFIezduf&amp;sig=ACfU3U1ppR9n4nKXoXXlRCvqedV2mkggdw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiu3rbtxqjkAhUkrlkKHcuyC_kQ6AEwC3oECAkQAQ%23v=onepage&amp;q=Jews%20as%20bedbugs&amp;f=false#v=snippet&amp;q=Jews%20as%20bedbugs&amp;f=false">was the result of a Google search </a>for "Jews as bedbugs."</p><biembeddedobject id="bd4a7bdc-dd84-48c9-b680-35f70b537e3a" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167589303532347392?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />editor pro tip: always click through the links</biembeddedobject><p> </p><biembeddedobject id="9f10fda2-5466-43e4-88e0-0dd064989228" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167593099289403392?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />Still don't get why some publishers of great newspapers tolerate opinion sections with such lax standards that would never fly in their newsroom. Many wonderful opinion columnists out there! But the bad ones do a lot of entirely avoidable damage to their publication's reputation.</biembeddedobject><p>One user pointed out that despite his expressed horror of comparing people to bugs, Stephens himself had compared Palestinian people to mosquitoes in a 2013 column for the Wall Street Journal. </p><biembeddedobject id="8c27cb0b-de46-4aee-9166-d9b4e97ebc43" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167582180417114112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />Bret Stephens likened Palestinians to mosquitoes in his WSJ column in 2013, so he should probably contemplate more about his role in bringing back "rhetoric of infestation" <a href="https://t.co/iZsMCnEhK9">pic.twitter.com/iZsMCnEhK9</a></biembeddedobject><p> </p><p>Karpf responded to the column with horror, tweeting Saturday that the comparison in the major newspaper meant the saga had "stopped being funny."</p><biembeddedobject id="7f1b3d01-e1ae-44fd-b6d6-460ee409154f" style="width: 600px; height: 200px;" class="twitter mceNonEditable">Tweet Embed: <br />//twitter.com/mims/statuses/1167587392292892672?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw <br />Okay, look, I have two things to say right now. <br /><br />(1) this just stopped being funny. The New York Times is the paper of record. The entire internet knows who Bret Stephens just subtweeted with his column. He should know better. He doesn't. That's not okay anymore.</biembeddedobject><p> </p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/megyn-kelly-details-sexually-harassed-roger-ailes-fox-news-2017-11">Megyn Kelly details how she was allegedly sexually harassed by Roger Ailes, then advised to 'just steer clear of him'</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

New York Times columnist Bret Stephens linked getting called a 'bedbug' on Twitter to Nazi rhetoric in his latest op-ed

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The surprising ways 3 women secretly fought the Nazis in Poland

Katie Sanders and Mara Truslow

Top GOP congressman: 'How many Jews were put in the ovens because they were unarmed?'

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New York Times columnist Bret Stephens linked getting called a 'bedbug' on Twitter to Nazi rhetoric in his latest op-ed

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