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Sometimes the sheer clarity of hindsight is like life’s annoying way of saying, “I told you so!” Looking in the rear view mirror to see what went wrong is integral to learning from our mistakes, but we often wish for hindsight’s clear vision when we’re forging our way forward. Research psychologist Gary Klein has a startling prescription for that feeling: imagine your plan’s death.
According to Klein, one way to tap into the power of hindsight is a practice called the <a href="http://hbr.org/2007/09/performing-a-project-promote/ar/1" target="_blank">premortem</a>. In the more familiar postmortem, you analyze an unsuccessful event after it has occurred to figure out what went wrong. In the premortem, the analysis faces the event head-on while presuming it has failed to generate plausible reasons for the <keyword id="52204" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="failure">failure</keyword>. Performing premortems can help identify problems in advance and tune you into early warning signs because you know what to watch out for.
These are the basic steps for conducting a premortem:
1. Prepare: Everyone should be familiar with the plan before starting the premortem. 2. Picture: Imagine the plan has failed miserably and how that feels. 3. Generate: Each person makes a list of plausible reasons for the failure. 4. Share: Take turns sharing one reason at a time, collecting them into a master list. 5. Revamp: Revisit the plan armed with the reasons and revise. 6. Review: Return to the list every so often to check in with any relevant concerns.
Premortems employ prospective hindsight. The paradoxical term involves the mind trick of imagining that an event has already happened. Prospective hindsight “increases the ability to correctly identify reasons for future outcomes by 30%,” says Klein, citing one of the better-titled studies, “<a href="http://forum.johnson.cornell.edu/faculty/russo/Back%20to%20the%20Future.pdf" target="_blank">Back to the Future</a>: Temporal Perspective in the Explanation of Events”, by Deborah J. Mitchell, J. Edward Russo, and Nancy Pennington.
The researchers found that people generate reasons more efficiently, and often in more detail, when they conceive of an outcome or event as certain. So while many techniques such as risk analysis share the desired effect of making better plans and decisions, the premortem is not about imagining what might or could go wrong, looking for potential holes. Its effectiveness relies on imagining that things did go wrong before coming up with plausible reasons. The mind works differently when we ask “what now?” instead of “what if?”
The power of the premortem lies in its great leveling effect. Starting a conversation from a point where the project has already failed is liberating. It extracts some of the politics and politeness that can muddle the planning stages. Klein recounts how one executive at a Fortune 50-size company reasoned that a billion-dollar project had failed because of waning interest in the wake of the CEO’s retirement. Sharing that type of thought in other circumstances may be a no-no.
The failed-starting point also helps neutralize cognitive biases resulting from the over investment and overconfidence of people who have strong feelings of ownership and authorship of a plan. Instead of flying over objections or identification of problems as a matter of course (the drive-by “Problems? Questions?”), the exercise increases participation and buy-in from objectors who get a real opportunity to share their opinion.
Mentally traveling back to the future is a great way to open up your field of vision to new possibilities and insights and pave the way to better decision-making. Prospective hindsight isn’t 20/20, and projects are sometimes just bound to fail. But at least we can tune up our planning processes and give voice to our team members who would’ve said, “I told you so!” in their head.

Why You Should Conduct A 'Premortem' For Every Plan

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image">Getty Images/Ethan MillerTony Hsieh</div></div>When you log into the computer system at most companies, it's a simple matter of username and password. But when you're booting up at Zappos, there's a culture-building third step called the Face Game. 
The game goes like this: A picture of a fellow employee pops up, and you're asked to guess the right name out of a handful of options.
Then, whether or not you guess correctly, you get treated to the person's profile and bio. 
As founder Tony Hsieh writes in "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Delivering-Happiness-Profits-Passion-Purpose-ebook/dp/B003JTHXN6/ref=tmm_kin_title_0">Delivering Happiness</a>," Zappos plays the Face Game "so that everyone can learn more about each other. Although there is no penalty for giving the wrong answer, we do keep a record of everyone's score." 
For a glimpse of the Face Game, watch this video: 

As iDoneThis founder and culture blogger Walter Chen <a href="http://blog.idonethis.com/post/49440621362/the-culture-hacker" target="_blank">notes</a>, the Face Game helps to preserve Zappos' tight-knit, family-like atmosphere as it has grown from being a small startup to a full-fledged, 1,500 person company.
The Face Game is an example of using software code to "reinforce cultural values in individual workflow," Chen writes. It's also an example of "gamification" at work that actually works. 
As Wharton management professors Ethan Mollick and Nancy Rothbard <a href="https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/gamification-powering-game/" target="_blank">have found</a>, poorly done gamification can aggravate employees, while <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-paradox-of-mandatory-fun-ruins-games-at-work-2014-4">well-done gamification motivates them</a>. 
An example of bad gamification might be a mandatory company-wide foosball tournament. Like an off-site retreat or the company holiday party, the game is only "dubiously fun" since it's required. That violates the very idea of funness, Mollick tells Business Insider, since it's no longer a fun activity when it's mandatory. 
But in this case with Zappos, the Face Game is quick, easy, and aligned with the culture. 
"That's an example of a lightweight game where if you buy into it, it helps build a nice company culture," Mollick says, "but if you don't, it doesn't hurt."

This Quirky Game Helps Shape Zappos' Legendary Culture

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Business InsiderThere's a new list in town.</div></div></div>A "done" list might sound a little self-indulgent - like, "Look at everything I accomplished today and how awesome I am!"And it can be, kind of. It can also make you more successful at work by motivating you to continue making progress on your goals.In contrast with a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/to-do-lists-make-you-more-productive-even-if-you-never-finish-them-2016-12">to-do list</a>, a done list catalogs everything completed that day, showing you how much progress you made instead of highlighting what's still left to do. The done list isn't a new idea, per se. Marc Andreessen wrote about the "anti-to-do list," on which you include everything useful you've achieved during the day, in a 2007 <a href="http://pmarchive.com/guide_to_personal_productivity.html">blog post</a>.More recently, Laura Vanderkam <a href="http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2014/07/add-a-done-list-to-your-to-do-list.html">told Melissa Dahl</a> at New York Magazine's Science of Us blog that a done list helps because it might contain items you didn't include on the original to-do list. Even if a crisis pops up and draws your attention away from the projects you planned to tackle that day, you're able to see that the day wasn't a waste because you accomplished something.A done list can also reveal your weaknesses, putting you on a path to self-improvement. As an example, Dahl points to Vanderkam's "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/168-Hours-Have-More-Think/dp/159184410X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1407422255&amp;sr=1-1&amp;keywords=168+hours+you+have+more+time+than+you+think&amp;tag=bisafetynet-20">168 Hours: You Have More Time Than You Think</a>," in which Vanderkam explains how dieters who kept daily food journals tended to lose more weight, presumably because they began to notice unhealthy patterns in their eating habits.The done list applies this same principle to productivity: After seeing what we accomplished - or didn't - each day, we're able to identify trends in our own work habits.In the 2014 ebook "<a href="https://idonethis.com/static/docs/The-Busy-Persons-Guide-to-the-Done-List.pdf'">The Busy Person's Guide to the Done List</a>," Janet Choi and Walter Chen of productivity company iDoneThis cite research by Teresa Amabile and Steven J. Kramer on the "progress principle": The most important motivation boost during the workday comes from making progress in meaningful work.As Amabile and Kramer write in <a href="https://hbr.org/2011/05/the-power-of-small-wins">The Harvard Business Review</a>, even "small wins" - think catching an error in a teammate's project before you submit it - can be motivating.In other words, seeing the tasks you completed yesterday can spur you to do your best work today.Choi and Chen outline the steps to writing and using a done list:1. When you do anything you consider useful, however small a win it may be, write it down on your done list. (Or wait until the end of the day to write down your list.)2. At the end of the day, look at your list. Reflect on and celebrate all the things you got done!3. Review regularly - in the mornings to kickstart your day, every week, month, or year, or simply whenever you'd like a little boost or look back.Choi and Chen offer a number of questions to help you craft your done list, including, "What did you do today that you especially want to remember in the future?" and, perhaps even more importantly, "How can I turn negatives into progress tomorrow?" <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/laura-vanderkam-schedule-productivity-2016-11">Thinking of your schedule by weeks instead of days will increase your productivity</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="ZoeTBvNzE6yJGlPOQqj1X22RKxUhOLcV" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

Forget the boring 'to-do' list - here's why you should be using a 'done' list instead

<a href="https://www.facebook.com/pg/bonobos/photos/?ref=page_internal">Facebook/Bonobos</a>An ad for Bonobos.Walmart is reportedly in talks to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-in-talks-to-buy-bonobos-2017-4">buy the high-end men's clothing retailer Bonobos</a>, and some loyal Bonobos fans are deeply disturbed by the news.Customers have taken to social media to express their dismay, calling the potential acquisition "brand suicide" and threatening to never shop at Bonobos again if it's acquired by Walmart."Bonobos you just lost a customer," one person wrote on Twitter. "I do love the stretched washed chinos but no offense, I won't go to Walmart for my clothing."Another wrote: "I know I'm not the only one who would never admit to wearing Bonobos if Walmart buys them. They have no business owning a high-end brand."A third called it an "ignominious end for Bonobos."These shoppers' visceral reaction to the news might have something to do with the fact that there's little overlap between customers of Bonobos and Walmart. Bonobos sells slim-fitting casual and work clothing for men online at a price point of about $100 per item, or up to $1,000 for a suit.The company markets itself to hip, young, urban, and fashion-conscious men.The price range for Walmart's menswear, which appeals to a much broader audience, is closer to between $10 and $30, by comparison. That stark contrast is exactly why the move would make sense for Walmart strategically, according to Cowen &amp; Co. analyst Oliver Chen.<a href="https://www.facebook.com/pg/bonobos/photos/?ref=page_internal">Facebook/Bonobos</a>For Walmart, Bonobos offers "a brand with loyal customers, premium price points, [and] expertise in a differentiated niche," as well as fresh merchandising and fashion talent, Chen wrote in a research note Monday. It gives Walmart an opportunity to enter a high-margin, specialty category that will help it better compete with Amazon, he said.There would be some major benefits for Bonobos as well, assuming the brand wouldn't alienate too many customers by "selling out" to Walmart, as one shopper lamented on Twitter. "A transaction would accelerate Bonobos' scale and share... and catapult Bonobos' brand awareness," Chen wrote.But some critics just can't make sense of the potential marriage between two the companies. Here's what some people are saying on Twitter. <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/car-tent-keep-protected-from-elements-lanmodo-2017-4">This car tent will keep your ride protected from the elements</a></h3> Please enable Javascript to watch this video

Walmart's possible takeover of Bonobos is infuriating some fans of the high-end menswear brand

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Geisinger, a health system based in central Pennsylvania, is investing heavily in the basic care it provides, starting with seniors.</li><li>The hope is that by focusing on primary care and prevention, the health system, which also runs a health plan, could keep more people healthier and out of the hospital.</li><li>Geisinger's efforts to care for an aging population are a preview of the challenges that the US as a whole will face in the coming decades.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prime?module=article&amp;area=summary">Click here for more BI Prime stories</a>.</li></ul>Mark Walters, a 69-year-0ld retired elementary-school teacher in Kingston, Pennsylvania, watched as a medical clinic on Wyoming Avenue was torn down and put back together over the course of seven months.At the end of the construction emerged 65 Forward, a new kind of health clinic from Geisinger, a nonprofit health system headquartered in Danville, Pennsylvania. When his wife received a postcard about 65 Forward in the mail, the couple decided to check it out."This is a totally different concept," Walters said.The clinic is at the leading edge of a big bet from the 11-hospital Geisinger system that it can take care of seniors in central Pennsylvania by letting doctors spend more time with them and by offering activities and snacks that turn the traditional doctor's office into a community center. Geisinger's efforts to care for an aging population provide something of a preview for the challenges that the US as a whole will face in the coming decades. In the 38 counties where the system operates in Pennsylvania, 19.6% of the population is already 65 or older. The system projects that'll rise to 21.9% in half a decade.The US will cross the 20% mark about 2030, <a href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popproj/2017-summary-tables.html">Census Bureau data</a> shows."Leveraging primary care to coordinate care for the elderly is something that's needed everywhere," Robert Field, a professor of health management and policy at Drexel University, said. "If they can pioneer effective approaches, then it's widely adaptable."<h2>Caring for seniors as the US ages</h2>The health system is placing more of an emphasis on new ways to care for its seniors as Pennsylvania's 65-and-older population grows at a faster rate.In addition to the clinics and a related primary-care redesign, Geisinger is building up its ability to take care of seniors in their homes and even investing in food pantries. Overhauling the clinic on Wyoming Avenue cost about $3 million, and Geisinger said it plans to invest millions more in its primary-care efforts."If you look at where can we make the biggest impact in the health of our communities, it's in primary care," the health system's CEO, Jaewon Ryu, MD, said. "And it's especially true as people age."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>The approach is aided by the fact that Geisinger is more than a health system. The company also operates an insurance plan, which covers many of the elderly patients Geisinger will see in the clinic. That gives the system a direct financial reason to try to keep those patients healthy and out of the hospital, investing in preventive services instead.Patients don't have to have Geisinger's insurance to join 65 Forward, but a system executive said the hope is to get them transitioned to Geisinger's insurance plans so that the clinic can cover more services in a more integrated way.In all, Geisinger's health plan has more than 550,000 members, and the health system cares for more than a million patients a year.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/health-systems-new-way-of-doing-primary-care-2019-5">Big hospital systems are borrowing an 80-year-old idea to keep patients healthy and cut costs, and it could be the future of healthcare</a><h2>Geisinger's plan for its senior-focused 65 Forward clinics</h2>The Kingston primary-care clinic is the first for Geisinger, which plans to open 15 locations over the next year and another 15 after that.From conception to launch, the project took about 15 months, Juli Molecavage, associate vice president of quality and primary-care services at Geisinger told Business Insider. The first clinic was a <a href="https://www.geisinger.org/about-geisinger/news-and-media/news-releases/2019/08/29/18/20/geisinger-65-forward-redesigning-primary-care-in-nepa">$3 million investment from Geisinger</a>. Walking in, patients are greeted by a check-in desk and then directed to the lobby, which has with coffee, snacks, and an artificial fireplace. The ambiance is more hotel lobby than medical waiting room.Across the hall are workout machines in a bustling community room where Walters had just attended a weekly balance class. Behind a set of doors lie exam rooms and a common area where doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals work while in between patients.Patients like Walters can go to the center for primary-care visits, in addition to getting X-rays and lab work. Down the road Geisinger will offer visits with specialists either in person or via virtual visits on large-screen TVs in the exam rooms.The new clinics are modeled on the concierge-care models that Ryu, Geisinger's CEO, has seen in places like the Bay Area but won't charge extra fees. "When you're 65 and older, all things being equal, you tend to have more chronic disease, and the one-size-fits-all approach of primary care just doesn't work," Ryu said.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/direct-primary-care-a-no-insurance-healthcare-model-2017-3">A new kind of doctor's office charges a monthly fee and doesn't take insurance</a><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>Doctors will care for about 450 patients each, a much smaller number than in Geisinger's other clinics.For James Tricarico, the first doctor to join the new clinic, that's just a fraction of patients he used to see at Geisinger's Pittston location. There, he estimates he was managing the health of more than 2,000 patients a year."This has been a world of difference," Tricarico said. He finds that the smaller patient load keeps him from losing touch with patients for months before having to catch up at the next visit.Instead, Tricarico can call or message patients directly, or catch up more frequently with the other caregivers in the office to hear how patients are doing. He's also got the time to bring them in for more frequent follow-up visits.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>Tricarico said he was drawn to 65 Forward because it reminded him of what he'd been able to do when he had his own independent practice before joining Geisinger. When the first location ended up being in his back yard, he jumped at the chance to join.The Kingston location has added a second doctor, who starts in October and will also be able to take on up to 450 patients.<h2>Building a doctor's office that patients want to go to, even when they don't have an appointment</h2>The 65 Forward locations are also designed to serve as community centers for seniors, hosting educational sessions, bridge leagues, and knitting groups. On the day Business Insider visited, a weekly fitness class was underway.Walters said once he and his wife came in for a visit, the two spent an hour talking to Tricarico and were told they were welcome to come by any time they felt lonely. They also took advantage of the 90-minute fitness class offered by 65 Forward. He's been a member of the new clinic for about four weeks. "You feel good," Walters said. "You come here and you don't feel like you're really rushed."Since joining, Walters has started spreading the word to neighbors and at his church. The idea also draws on what primary-care companies have been building. Over the past few years, models like <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/disruptive-primary-care-companies-iora-health-one-medical-chenmed-2019-8">venture-backed Iora Health, family-owned ChenMed, and private-equity-backed Oak Street Health</a> have picked up steam in their approaches to caring for elderly Americans, boosted by the growth of private Medicare plans.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/disruptive-primary-care-companies-iora-health-one-medical-chenmed-2019-8">Meet the 8 companies changing how doctors get paid and building the future of medicine</a><h2>Why a hospital system is investing in keeping patients out of the hospital</h2>Beyond 65 Forward, the system had been looking at team approaches to primary care for years. That accelerated about three years ago, when the health system introduced a program called "Primary Care Redesign." The new model applies to most of Geisinger's clinics today.That included defining panel sizes (keeping them between 1,900 and 2,000 patients per doctor), setting up care teams within practices, and giving doctors longer to meet with patients.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>Some health systems have long emphasized primary care as a way to keep patients healthy at a lower cost. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kaiser-permanente-ceo-tyson-on-future-of-healthcare-2018-8">Kaiser Permanente</a>, for instance, traces its roots to arrangements struck between industrial companies and hospitals in the 1930s and '40s to cover care for workers at a set monthly rate. The company's strategy <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/warren-buffett-jamie-dimon-jeff-bezos-healthcare-interest-2018-1">is a favorite of Berkshire Hathaway Vice Chairman Charlie Munger</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-berkshire-hathaway-jpmorgan-and-employer-funded-healthcare-2018-1">others</a> who see it as a model for the future of healthcare in the US.But for the most part, health systems aren't clamoring to invest heavily in primary-care or preventive services."Not everybody in the industry believes that that's true," Ryu said. For them, he said, it's hard to understand why services like a Fresh Food Farmacy - where those who are food insecure can pick up groceries in a space run by Geisinger - and at-home services would be included in the plan, rather than provided for by a philanthropic arm. "I think you've got to believe that that actually has a return."For instance, in the company's Geisinger At Home program, Ryu said it's seen hospital admissions drop 40 to 45% since the program started a year and a half ago. The <a href="https://www.geisinger.org/athome">program</a> is available to members enrolled in Geisinger's Medicare Advantage health plan. Ryu is hoping other health systems and doctors around the US will take note of the investment Geisinger's making in primary care. "We want this to be the mecca for anything primary care and value-based," Ryu said. "What we're creating here is a place where if you haven't gone and checked it out or if you haven't gone and spent time at Geisinger, then you haven't gone to the mecca."<ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/morgan-stanley-best-buy-healthcare-strategy-46-billion-healthcare-2019-9" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Best Buy could have a $46 billion opportunity in healthcare. Here's how Morgan Stanley thinks the consumer-tech giant will attack the massive market.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sean-slovenski-on-walmart-healthcare-strategy-clinics-home-care-2019-9" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Walmart is opening health clinics, but that's just the start. We got the full story from the exec leading its push into the $3.5 trillion US healthcare industry.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/voro-pitch-deck-seed-round-floodgate-healthcare-social-network-2019-9" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Here's the pitch deck that the buzzy healthcare startup Voro used to raise a $2.5 million seed round led by an early Twitter investor</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/health-strategies-of-cvs-health-walmart-amazon-kroger-and-walgreens-2019-9" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Companies like Walmart, CVS, and Amazon are beefing up their healthcare strategies. Here are their plans to upend the $3.5 trillion industry.</a></li></ul><a href="/intelligence/digital-health?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_subscription&amp;itm_content=health&amp;itm_campaign=digital-health-3"></a>Featured Digital Health Articles: - <a href="/telehealth-industry-explained">Telehealth Industry: Benefits, Services &amp; Examples</a> - <a href="/value-based-care-pay-for-performance-healthcare-model">Value-Based Care Model: Pay-for-Performance Healthcare</a> - <a href="/senior-care-market-trends">Senior Care &amp; Assisted Living Market Trends</a> - <a href="/wearable-technology-healthcare-medical-devices">Smart Medical Devices: Wearable Tech in Healthcare</a> - <a href="/artificial-intelligence-healthcare">AI in Healthcare</a> - <a href="/remote-patient-monitoring-industry-explained">Remote Patient Monitoring Industry: Devices &amp; Market Trends</a>

A health system hidden in the heart of Pennsylvania thinks it's cracked the code on caring for seniors. And it could be the future of healthcare.

Hello,Welcome to Insider <keyword id="6354525" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="healthcare">Healthcare</keyword>. I'm Lydia Ramsey Pflanzer, and this week in healthcare news:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/optumhealth-ceo-plans-to-make-clinics-a-100-billion-business-2021-4">The CEO of one of UnitedHealth's fastest growing units laid out how he's building a $100 billion business</a>;</li><li>We looked at <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walter-isaacson-code-break-on-jennifer-doudna-crispr-review-takeaways-2021-4">some of the science</a> that could change how we approach <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-hiv-vaccine-could-be-moderna-mrna-success-story-2021-4">some of biotech's biggest problems</a>;</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/primary-care-competition-amazon-parsley-one-medical-crossover-forward-2021-4"></a>Startups are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/carrum-and-hinge-partner-take-on-the-competitive-benefits-market-2021-4">teaming up</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chenmed-iora-urge-us-allow-new-participants-medicare-direct-contracting-2021-4">speaking out</a>, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/real-raised-10-million-for-a-preventive-mental-health-app-2021-4">sharing with us how they built their companies</a>.</li></ul>If you're new to this newsletter, <a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/insider-healthcare">sign up here.</a> Tips, comments? Email me at <a href="mailto:lramsey@insider.com">lramsey@insider.com</a> or tweet <a href="https://twitter.com/lydiaramsey125">@lydiaramsey125</a>. Let's get to it...Coming up today, a group of CDC advisors will discuss their recommendations for what comes next for <keyword id="92247" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Johnson-Johnson">Johnson &amp; Johnson</keyword>'s COVID-19 <keyword id="24209" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="vaccine">vaccine</keyword>.Insider's Hilary Brueck spoke to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/experts-to-vote-johnson-covid-vaccine-pause-warning-women-2021-4">five of the experts voting on the fate of the vaccine. </a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/experts-to-vote-johnson-covid-vaccine-pause-warning-women-2021-4">They said they're eager to end the pause and may ask that a warning be added for women.</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/optumhealth-ceo-plans-to-make-clinics-a-100-billion-business-2021-4"></a><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/optumhealth-ceo-plans-to-make-clinics-a-100-billion-business-2021-4">Building a $100 billion business</a></h3>UnitedHealth is on its way to building a $100 billion business around going to the doctor. Shelby Livingston spoke with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/optumhealth-ceo-plans-to-make-clinics-a-100-billion-business-2021-4">Dr. Wyatt Decker, the CEO of OptumHealth, who's in charge of building that unit,</a> about how virtual care will play a role, and what comes next.Growing the business would cement UnitedHealth even further as a massive player in delivering medical care.<h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/optumhealth-ceo-plans-to-make-clinics-a-100-billion-business-2021-4">Here's how&gt;&gt;</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/optumhealth-ceo-plans-to-make-clinics-a-100-billion-business-2021-4">The CEO of UnitedHealth's sprawling health-clinic business shared how transforming the way doctors get paid will help it notch $100 billion in revenue</a></h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-health-clinics-are-stalling-as-leaders-depart-2021-4"><div type="image" title="Walmart Health" height="1080" width="1440" msid="82218595" hostid="261"></div></a><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-health-clinics-are-stalling-as-leaders-depart-2021-4">Key healthcare departures at Walmart</a></h3>Blake Dodge and Shelby have been keeping tabs on Walmart's healthcare strategy after reporting <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-healthcare-strategy-health-clinics-2021-2">in February that the retail giant's clinic strategy was in flux. </a>This week, they took a look at all the leaders leaders involved in the original plans for the clinics who have departed, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-chief-medical-officer-dr-thomas-van-gilder-is-leaving-2021-3">including the upcoming departure of Walmart's chief medical officer</a>. <h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-health-clinics-are-stalling-as-leaders-depart-2021-4">We mapped out who left&gt;&gt;</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-health-clinics-are-stalling-as-leaders-depart-2021-4">Walmart's healthcare leaders are exiting the company as it taps the brakes on an ambitious clinic rollout</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-hiv-vaccine-could-be-moderna-mrna-success-story-2021-4"><div type="image" title="Moderna vaccine" height="1333" width="1778" msid="82218598" hostid="261"></div></a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-hiv-vaccine-could-be-moderna-mrna-success-story-2021-4">New science could help solve biotech's thorniest challenges</a></h3>This week, our reporters also spent some time looking at the potential future of biotech. Andrew Dunn pinpointed <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/walter-isaacson-code-break-on-jennifer-doudna-crispr-review-takeaways-2021-4">5 takeaways from Walter Isaacson's best-selling book on Jennifer Doudna</a>, the pioneering scientist who won a Nobel Prize for discovering CRISPR - including what ethical questions now face the cutting-edge gene-editing tool. Meanwhile, Patricia Kelly Yeo took a closer look at the plans Moderna's laid out to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-hiv-vaccine-could-be-moderna-mrna-success-story-2021-4">develop an HIV vaccine</a>.After the success of Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine, it's possible the biotech could chart a new path toward a vaccine that's eluded researches for decades. <h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-hiv-vaccine-could-be-moderna-mrna-success-story-2021-4">There's a long road ahead&gt;&gt;</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-hiv-vaccine-could-be-moderna-mrna-success-story-2021-4">Moderna's mRNA technology could help in the decades-long search for an HIV vaccine</a></h3>Finally, here's what's happening with healthcare startups this week: <ul><li>Allison DeAngelis got her hands on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/seed-health-series-a-pitch-deck-microbiome-startup-40-million-2021-4">the pitch deck Seed Health used to raise $40 million. </a></li><li>Kelly spoke with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/real-raised-10-million-for-a-preventive-mental-health-app-2021-4">the founder of Real about how her background helped shape her approach to the mental health startup.</a></li><li>Blake and Megan Hernbroth <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/carrum-and-hinge-partner-take-on-the-competitive-benefits-market-2021-4">broke down why 2 healthcare startups are teaming up to simplify the digital health boom for big companies.</a></li><li>Shelby <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chenmed-iora-urge-us-allow-new-participants-medicare-direct-contracting-2021-4">chronicled the plight of primary care upstarts like ChenMed and VillageMD, which are protesting a US decision to halt applications for a potentially lucrative Medicare program</a>.</li></ul>- Lydia

UnitedHealth's big bet on the business of going to the doctor

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Goldman Sachs announced its 2019 class of managing directors, with 465 new promotes getting the nod.</li><li>Of the 465 promoted, 29% are women, and 34% identified as an ethnic minority or LGBTQ.</li><li>The firm announces managing-director promotions every two years.</li><li>It's one of the most coveted positions on Wall Street, a step below partner at the premier investment bank.</li></ul><a href="http://markets.businessinsider.com/stock/GS-Quote"> Goldman Sachs</a> just announced a new class of 465 managing directors, and millennials comprised nearly two-thirds of it. The promotions, which are announced once every two years and are among the most coveted on Wall Street, put recipients one step <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-ceo-solomon-offering-buyouts-to-partners-shrink-senior-ranks-2019-9">below partner</a> at the prestigious investment-banking firm.The 2019 class is smaller than the record-setting class of 509 in 2017, but larger than the class of 2015, which had 425 new MDs.It's also one the youngest classes the bank has promoted - 62% are millennials, up from 44% in 2017 and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-managing-director-list-2015-11">30% in 2015</a>.Other headline stats about the class:<ul><li>66% started their careers as analysts or associates at Goldman Sachs, equal with 2017.</li><li>29% of the class is women, up from 24% in 2017.</li><li>34% of the identified as an ethnic minority or LGBTQ: 26% are Asian, 4% are black, 2% are hispanic/Latino, and 2% are LGBTQ. </li></ul><h2>Here's the full list of all 465 new managing directors:</h2>Rashid Abdalla Angela Abramian-Katz Meredith Adams Keren Adan Vikas Agrawal Mike Ahern Edward Ainsworth Danny Akerman Temidayo Akinola Aaron Albert Eyas Aldossari Marsha Alexander Daniel Alger Asad Ali Brendan Ames Dipam Amin Rebecca Anderton-Davies Junnosuke Ando Ash Ang Timothy Arblaster Kenan Arkan Patrick Armstrong Cameron Arrington Cindy Au Anne-Victoire Auriault John Aurre Frederick Baba Andrew Bailey Tanya Baker Victoria Baker-Duly Venkatesh Balasubramanian Nick Baltas Maria Barron Baratech Luke Barrs Robert Bartlett Dennis Beeson Angus Bell Bob Bengtson Kerryann Benjamin Jeff Bernstein Adam Berry Michel Beshara Justin Betzen Praveen Bhagavathula Peter Biggs Ersen Bilgin Nathan Bird Simon Birtwistle Barnali Biswal Brittany Boals Moeller David Bodenstein Vanessa Bogaardt Kevin Boova Andrea Bora Said Boujnah Jeff Boyd Rachel Boyd Glyn Braganza Joyce Brayboy Pierre Brunet Keith Brunini Steven Budig Francisco Cabeza Kimberly Carabetta Sarah Card Marie Cardoen Gloria Carreno Jonathan Carter Osmar Castellani Junior Lucia Catalan Federico Ceresole Jeffrey Chao John Chappell Yogesh Chati Frank Chen Selina Chen Hakim Cherrouk Christopher Yiu Chung Cheung Tak Cheung Siddharth Chhabria Liz Chick James Chilcott Jon Child Naveen Choppara Leonard Chung George Cole Greg Collett James Colletti Kevin Conniff Simon Constant Charles Corke Krystal Cowan Ben Coward-Talbott Nerissa Cumberbatch Ryan Cunn Nadim Daban Brook Dane Abigail Darby Michael Daub Bill Davis Christopher Dawe Jeffrey Dawkins Adam Dawson Philipp de la Chevallerie Camille de Lamotte Frederik De Neree Joaquin de Soto Dan Deighton Manuel Deijk Stefanie D'Elia Lena Demashkieh Michael Dente Philippe Derimay Bradley Diener Michel Dimitri Angelo Diotisalvi Natalia Dobrinskaya John Doherty Matthew Doherty Jerome Dortmans Hamish Douglas Crista Downey Andre D'Souza Alexander Dupont Brett Durick Tsuyoshi Egawa Gaudenz Eichenberger Nnaemeka Eke Bill Elfsten Abel Elizalde Russell Elliott Scott Epperson Robert Fama Meriem Feghoul Xinyi Feng Roger Fenningdorf David Fernandez Morgan Fitzpatrick Ryan Flanagan John Flood Kellan Florio Kerry Flynn Jeremy Follett Anneliese Foster Fabrice Francois Marissa Freund Anders Furuhed Sebastien Gagnon Timothy Galligan Francesca Gardner Raj Garigipati Brian Garrett Douglas Gilman Aaron Goldman Jeremy Goldman Sanyam Goyal Ricky Grant Steven Gray Jules Gruner Shao Ping Guan Anushka Gupta Sonia Gupta Arvind Guruprasad Itir Guvenc Mungan Raymond Haagen Andrew Haave Sylvia Hadjimamas Terry Hagerty Sharon Hall Jeff Haller Scott Hankey Sara Hanlon Tom Haraldsson Alex Harman Lauren Havens Ken Hayahara James Hayward Tom Healy Victoria Hegan Michael Heller Paula Hendrickson Evan Herring Schuyler Heuer Daniel Hibbert Andrew Hine Megan Hogan Yoomin Hong John Hooton George Horton Dan Howard Christine Hu Katie Hyde Nicole Irvin Ahmed Ismail Kumar Iyer Philip Jacob Raphaelle Jacquemin Rajan Jain Rich James Marene Jennings Kyle Jessen Natasha Jhunjhunwala Brandon Johnson Geddes Johnson Milind Joshi Sojin Jung Amy Jupe Michael Kagan William Kallop Jordan Kaufman Charlotte Keenan Maxime Kennel Aron Kershner Ronald Keung Eugene Khafizov Feroz Khosla Kieron King Tom Knott Simon Knowles Sarah Kong Scott Konicki Robert Koslow Kunal Koya Elisabeth Kozack Joanna Kozlowski Kristin Kramer Jason Kreuziger Daniel Krinsky Kristin Kuney Casey Laflamme Beyrouthawit Lakew Mikael Lang Mark Langham Francesca Lau Karmen Lau Victoria Ledda Adrian Lee Sara Lee Niall Leguillon Chip Lemkau Marie Claire Lennon Matthew Leskowitz Ryan Lester Curtis Leung Jacky Leung Giulia Lewandowski Christian Lhert Aihua Liang Chi-Yu Liang Mony Lim Nyan Lin Tobias Lindemann Jon Lindgren Ada Liu Adrian Loh Syida Long Lorenzo Pasquale Longo Alexandre Lucas Michelle Luk Amanda Lynam Chris Lyon Srivats Madhavan Alok Madhukar Devasish Majumdar Salome Makharadze Shun Manabe James Mann Todd Mansfield Corey Maple Ivan Martinez Farzad Mashayekhi Morad Masjedi Michael Mastropaolo Moe Matar Colin Mathews Ritesh Mathur Brooke Mayne Jordan McCallum Mark McCaskill Catherine McCormack Paul McGregor Andrew McLennan Brian McMahon Nehal Mehra Ramiro Menchaca Mark Midle Giuseppe Milicia Kristin Milot Yusuke Minowa Aric Mizrahi Sherry-Ann Mohan Stacy Mohr Mohammed Mohsinali Helen Moloney Matthew Mottram Richard Mulley Ken Murata Sarah Murray Usman Naeem Soumik Nandy Satish Narang Vijay Narayanan Jamil Nathoo Joseph Natoli Sean Navin Aziz Ndiaye Ryan Newman Sara Nielsen Eyal Nirenberg Quinn O'Bryen Joanna Obstoj Jackie O'Connor Nonso Ogbonna Laide Oginni Mari Oishi Scarlett Omar-Broca Enrico Orlandi Jean Otrakji Edouard Panie Francesco Papa Pratik Pareek Gemma Parrott Atul Pawar Arnaud Payement Yuriy Podoshev Mitesh Popat Matthew Popper Arnaud Porchet Nicole Poulson Joseph Pozzi Anant Prasad Frederic Pripp Chaitra Purushotham Benny Quek Conor Quinn Thomas Radberg Stephanie Raimo Kamal Ramnani Michael Rand Olivia Rascoe Jibraan Rasheed Varun Rastogi Seth Reagen Nikhil Reddy Adil Rehman Elaine Rene Salveen Richter Fabian Riedel Helen Rigley Joe Ritchie Ilan Rochman David Rockliff Pearl Rodrigues Mark Romanczuk Mairin Rooney Delia Rosoga Ranjith Roy Mark Ruffles Benjamin Runnacles Ashley Ryan Eric Ryckman Takeshi Saito Sushil Sancheti Neha Santiago Vijay Saraswat James Sarvis Christian Schaefer Heather Schuyler Katelyn Seager Gowri Sekar Chris Semones Vikram Sethi Hui Shan Adi Sharma Praharsh Sharma Nicole Sharp Inna Shaykevich Jenna Shen David Shih Michael Shin Aekloveya Shyam Haris Siddiqi Adam Siegler John Sienkiewicz Craig Singer Peter Smith Brian Snyder Tejas Sodha Doug Spencer Mark Spitzer Anushree Srivastava Christian Stassen Holger Staude Emily Stecher Becky Steinthal Samuel Su Vivek Sukhatme Danny Suwanapruti Andy Tai Stephanie Tan Kei Tanaka Jacky Tang Hekmat Tannous Michael Tarulli Luigi Tavella Archana Tayade Emma Taylor Lori Taylor Asher Teren Gurtaran Thethi Jonathan Thomas Neil Thomas Bryn Thompson-Clarke Todor Todorov Steven Torbeck Sidney Tordjman Stephen Tripi Clemens Tripp Michael Trokoudes Jason Tsang Christian Tschirdewahn Candice Tse Vicki Tung Mateo Ugas Alekhya Uppalapati Rucha Vaidya Steven Valentic Peter VanDeventer Kyle VanFleet Alexandre Virolle Christopher Volmut Neel Vora Danielle Walsh Jordan Walter Bingwen Wang Phyllis Wang Zac Wang Brandon Watkins James Weaver Deborah Wei* Steven Weiss Robert Whelan Andrew White Anna Whitlow Eva Maria Wiecko Liz Wilcockson Lennart Wilhelm Rob Williams Henry Willoughby Jim Wiltshire Maggie Wojcik William Wolcott Jean Xu Xiao-ou Kevin Xu Susan Yan Julien Yoo Wael Younan Laura Young Nick Young Ali Zaidi Kirill Zavodov Thilo Zeidler James Zhang Wanjing Zhang Yun Zhang <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/10-up-and-coming-fintechs-2019?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_leadgen&amp;itm_content=finance&amp;itm_campaign=10-up-and-coming-fintechs-2019-2"></a>

Goldman Sachs' new managing-director list is out, and millennials dominated the class

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Alex Gibney, the Oscar-winning documentary filmmaker who <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/going-clear-how-alex-gibney-filmed-scientology-doc-2015-3" target="_blank">just tackled Scientology</a> in HBO's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/going-clear-sundance-premiere-scientology-bombshells-2015-1" target="_blank">explosive "Going Clear,"</a> is already making news again for his next project, a documentary about Steve Jobs.In <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4425064/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_3" target="_blank">"Steve Jobs: Man in the Machine,"</a>&#xa0;the director&#xa0;<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0316795/" target="_blank">Gibney</a>&#xa0;("Taxi to the Dark Side," "Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room") takes a critical look&#xa0;at the personal and private life of the late Apple CEO, tackling topics like&#xa0;his repeated denial of being the father of his daughter Lisa and the harsh way in which he treated many Apple employees.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>After the film's premiere at South by Southwest on Saturday, <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/14/the-anti-steve-jobs-movie-alex-gibney-s-steve-jobs-man-in-the-machine.html">The Daily Beast</a> called it "a blistering takedown" and "an all-out character assassination," while <a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/sxsw-film-review-steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine-1201452986/">Variety</a> wrote the film was a "coolly absorbing, deeply unflattering portrait" of Jobs.Just one day after the premiere, <a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sxsw-magnolia-nabs-rights-to-alex-gibneys-steve-jobs-documentary-1201453118/" target="_blank">Magnolia Pictures acquired</a> North American theatrical, video-on-demand, and home-entertainment rights to the documentary, which was backed by CNN Films. While the financial terms of the deal were not disclosed, <a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sxsw-magnolia-nabs-rights-to-alex-gibneys-steve-jobs-documentary-1201453118/" target="_blank">Variety notes</a>: "There's a comfort level between filmmaker and distributor. This is the seventh film directed by Gibney to be distributed by Magnolia."Gibney's film is the first to be deeply critical of Jobs, who was also portrayed by Ashton Kutcher in <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2357129/" target="_blank">"Jobs"</a> in 2013 and by Michael Fassbender in the coming biopic <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2080374/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_4" target="_blank">"Steve Jobs,"</a> which is based on Walter Isaacson's biography."Behind the scenes, Jobs could be ruthless, deceitful, and cruel," Gibney says via voiceover early in the film. And apparently the sentiment doesn't stop there.Here's what five reviewers of the film have to say about&#xa0;"Steve Jobs: Man in the Machine": <a href="http://mashable.com/2015/03/15/steve-jobs-man-machine/?utm_cid=hp-hh-sec" target="_blank">Mashable's Chris Taylor</a>:The focus (of Steve Jobs:&#xa0;The Man Inside the Machine)&#xa0;is on the shadows created by the light and the dark of Jobs' personality, as told by the people who knew him. Early on, we meet a Macintosh engineer who breaks down in tears remembering the agony and ecstasy working with Jobs, who drove his staff so hard, worked them so late, to the point where the engineer lost his wife and kids. And yet, the result was genius.<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/14/the-anti-steve-jobs-movie-alex-gibney-s-steve-jobs-man-in-the-machine.html" target="_blank">The Daily Beast's Marlow Stern</a>:The entire final hour of Gibney's 127-minute film is an all-out character assassination. It questions the inherent value of Apple products - and by extension, Jobs's legacy. It smears him for not informing his company of his illness earlier, saying he was "obligated" to shareholders, and criticizes him for pursuing avenues of alternative medicine instead of immediately having surgery on his pancreatic cancer. It even chastises him for driving a silver Mercedes convertible with no plates and parking in handicapped spots.<a href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-steve-jobs-alex-gibney-sxsw-20150315-story.html" target="_blank">Los Angeles Times' Amy Kaufman</a>:Certainly Gibney's portrayal of Jobs is far less flattering than Isaacson's. As the film makes its way through Jobs' story chronologically, Gibney highlights&#xa0;moments in which Jobs was unkind. The documentary says that when&#xa0;he and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak worked at Atari, Jobs once gave Wozniak only $350 of a $7,000 check meant to&#xa0;be split between them.The film suggests he may have been downright greedy. The Chinese workers who were putting together iPhone 4s were making $12 per unit, while the company was profiting&#xa0;$300 per phone.<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/sxsw-film-review-steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine-1201452986/" target="_blank">Variety's Justin Chang</a>:<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/sxsw-film-review-steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine-1201452986/" target="_blank"></a>Gibney&#xa0;duly acknowledges Jobs's artistry, innovation and technological showmanship while making plain just how "ruthless, deceitful and cruel" the man could be ...On a certain level, "The Man in the Machine" functions as a corrective and a tribute to the many brilliant men and women Jobs surrounded himself with but didn't necessarily give their due; many here attest to his sharp way with a jab and his monomaniacal need for control, particularly with regard to staff retention ...Considerable&#xa0;screen time is devoted to&#xa0;an older&#xa0;episode&#xa0;in which the young Jobs disputed the paternity of his daughter Lisa (with his high-school girlfriend, Chrisann Brennan) and balked at paying child support - callous&#xa0;and&#xa0;ironic behavior, coming from someone who was always painfully aware&#xa0;of having been given up for adoption. As a still-wounded Brennan understandably concludes: "He didn't know what real connection was."9to5mac <a href="http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/14/steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine/" target="_blank">highlighted a few interesting points</a> featured in the film:On the paternity debacle:&#xa0;"Jobs' cruelty regarding Chrisann&#xa0;and Lisa is highlighted in the film. You learn that he had lied in a sworn testimony, falsely claiming Brennan had multiple sex partners and that he was sterile and could therefore not be Lisa's father. Only after a paternity test proved that he was did he finally accept responsibility. And though Apple went public in 1980, increasing Jobs' net worth from $20 million to $200 million, he agreed to pay Brennan just $500 per month in child support."Gizmodo&#xa0;and the iPhone 4:&#xa0;The film spends a significant amount of time revisiting the time when Jobs went to war with Gizmodo, after the tech website had gotten its hands on a prototype of an iPhone 4 that an Apple employee had carelessly left at a bar. All the key figures are interviewed, including editor&#xa0;Jason Chen, whose home was forcibly entered and computers seized by Silicon Valley police, and&#xa0;Nick Denton, who approved a payment of $5,000 for the phone. Jobs, who pledged not to stop until Gizmodo's editors were in jail, died one year later.In every review we've read of the film, the following clip is seen as the most emotional moment. Former Apple engineer Bob Belleville breaks down reading a note he wrote after Jobs' death.<div><div></div></div>Despite being in the midst of heavy promotion for his Scientology documentary, "Going Clear," Gibney&#xa0;flew to Austin, Texas, this weekend for the movie's world premiere at SXSW.&#xa0;During a Q&amp;A after the screening, Gibney defended his film and portrayal of Jobs."Zen was superficial -&#xa0;a formal elegance," Gibney said of trying&#xa0;to understand Jobs' spiritual values. "He believed&#xa0;in making the world a better place by making better products, and that's it."Gibney also defended his film to&#xa0;<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sxsw-alex-gibney-on-his-controversial-steve-jobs-documentary-1201452444/" target="_blank">Variety</a>, saying,&#xa0;"There are critical elements that people haven't seen about Jobs or understood.""I would say I'm no longer madly in love with my iPhone," the director added. "It's no longer blind faith." Watch Gibney's full Q&amp;A at SXSW below.<div><div></div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-personal-influences-background-history-personality-2015-3">Steve Jobs' biographer reveals the childhood moment that defined the Apple founder</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="p4Mzd3czp5DE3WAo5BLRRDGFeNcEHnwO" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

The new Steve Jobs documentary is a 'blistering takedown' that is 'deeply unflattering'

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Alex Gibney, the documentary filmmaker who <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/going-clear-how-alex-gibney-filmed-scientology-doc-2015-3" target="_blank">just tackled Scientology</a> in HBO's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/going-clear-sundance-premiere-scientology-bombshells-2015-1" target="_blank">explosive "Going Clear,"</a> is already making news again for his next project, a new documentary about Steve Jobs.In <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4425064/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_3" target="_blank">"Steve Jobs: Man in the Machine,"</a>&#xa0;Oscar-winning director&#xa0;<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0316795/" target="_blank">Alex Gibney</a>&#xa0;("Taxi to the Dark Side," "Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room") takes a critical look&#xa0;at the personal and private life of the late Apple CEO, tackling topics like&#xa0;his repeated denial of being the father of his daughter Lisa, and the harsh way in which he treated many Apple employees.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>After the film's premiere at SXSW on Saturday, <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/14/the-anti-steve-jobs-movie-alex-gibney-s-steve-jobs-man-in-the-machine.html">The Daily Beast</a> called it "a blistering takedown" and "an all-out character assassination," while <a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/sxsw-film-review-steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine-1201452986/">Variety</a> wrote the film is a "coolly absorbing, deeply unflattering portrait" of Jobs.Just one day after the premiere,&#xa0;<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sxsw-magnolia-nabs-rights-to-alex-gibneys-steve-jobs-documentary-1201453118/" target="_blank">Magnolia Pictures acquired</a> North American theatrical, VOD, and home entertainment rights to Gibney's latest documentary, which was backed by&#xa0;CNN Films. While the financial terms of the deal were not disclosed, <a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sxsw-magnolia-nabs-rights-to-alex-gibneys-steve-jobs-documentary-1201453118/" target="_blank">Variety notes</a>, "There's a comfort level between filmmaker and distributor. This is the seventh film directed by Gibney to be distributed by Magnolia."While the two other Steve Jobs films - 2013's&#xa0;<a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2357129/" target="_blank">"Jobs"</a>&#xa0;starring Ashton Kutcher and the upcoming <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2080374/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_4" target="_blank">"Steve Jobs"</a> biopic based on Walter Isaacson's&#xa0;biography&#xa0;- paint a mainly positive picture of the Apple CEO, Gibney's is the first to be critical of him."Behind the scenes, Jobs could be ruthless, deceitful, and cruel," Gibney says via voiceover early in the film. And apparently the sentiment doesn't stop there.Here's what five reviewers of the film have to say about&#xa0;"Steve Jobs: Man in the Machine": <a href="http://mashable.com/2015/03/15/steve-jobs-man-machine/?utm_cid=hp-hh-sec" target="_blank">Mashable's Chris Taylor</a>:"The focus (of Steve Jobs:&#xa0;The Man Inside the Machine)&#xa0;is on the shadows created by the light and the dark of Jobs' personality, as told by the people who knew him. Early on, we meet a Macintosh engineer who breaks down in tears remembering the agony and ecstasy working with Jobs, who drove his staff so hard, worked them so late, to the point where the engineer lost his wife and kids. And yet, the result was genius."<a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/14/the-anti-steve-jobs-movie-alex-gibney-s-steve-jobs-man-in-the-machine.html" target="_blank">The Daily Beast's Marlow Stern</a>:"The entire final hour of Gibney's 127-minute film is an all-out character assassination. It questions the inherent value of Apple products-and by extension, Jobs's legacy. It smears him for not informing his company of his illness earlier, saying he was "obligated" to shareholders, and criticizes him for pursuing avenues of alternative medicine instead of immediately having surgery on his pancreatic cancer. It even chastises him for driving a silver Mercedes convertible with no plates and parking in handicapped spots."<a href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-steve-jobs-alex-gibney-sxsw-20150315-story.html" target="_blank">LA Times' Amy Kaufman</a>:Certainly Gibney's portrayal of Jobs is far less flattering than Isaacson's. As the film makes its way through Jobs' story chronologically, Gibney highlights&#xa0;moments in which Jobs was unkind. The documentary says that when&#xa0;he and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak worked at Atari, Jobs once gave Wozniak only $350 of a $7,000 check meant to&#xa0;be split between them.The film suggests he may have been downright greedy. The Chinese workers who were putting together iPhone 4s were making $12 per unit, while the company was profiting&#xa0;$300 per phone.<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/sxsw-film-review-steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine-1201452986/" target="_blank">Variety's Justin Chang</a>:<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/sxsw-film-review-steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine-1201452986/" target="_blank"></a>Gibney&#xa0;duly acknowledges Jobs's artistry, innovation and technological showmanship while making plain just how "ruthless, deceitful and cruel" the man could be...On a certain level, "The Man in the Machine" functions as a corrective and a tribute to the many brilliant men and women Jobs surrounded himself with but didn't necessarily give their due; many here attest to his sharp way with a jab and his monomaniacal need for control, particularly with regard to staff retention...Considerable&#xa0;screen time is devoted to&#xa0;an older&#xa0;episode&#xa0;in which the young Jobs disputed the paternity of his daughter Lisa (with his high-school girlfriend, Chrisann Brennan) and balked at paying child support - callous&#xa0;and&#xa0;ironic behavior, coming from someone who was always painfully aware&#xa0;of having been given up for adoption. As a still-wounded Brennan understandably concludes: "He didn't know what real connection was."&#xa0;9to5mac <a href="http://9to5mac.com/2015/03/14/steve-jobs-the-man-in-the-machine/" target="_blank">highlighted a few interesting points</a> featured in the film:On the paternity debacle:&#xa0;"Jobs' cruelty regarding Chrisann&#xa0;and Lisa is highlighted in the film. You learn that he had lied in a sworn testimony, falsely claiming Brennan had multiple sex partners and that he was sterile and could therefore not be Lisa's father. Only after a paternity test proved that he was did he finally accept responsibility. And though Apple went public in 1980, increasing Jobs' net worth from $20 million to $200 million, he agreed to pay Brennan just $500 per month in child support."Gizmodo&#xa0;and the iPhone 4:&#xa0;The film spends a significant amount of time revisiting the time when Jobs went to war with Gizmodo, after the tech website had gotten its hands on a prototype of an iPhone 4 that an Apple employee had carelessly left at a bar. All the key figures are interviewed, including editor&#xa0;Jason Chen, whose home was forcibly entered and computers seized by Silicon Valley police, and&#xa0;Nick Denton, who approved a payment of $5,000 for the phone. Jobs, who pledged not to stop until Gizmodo's editors were in jail, died one year later.In every review we've read of the film, the following clip is seen as the most emotional moment. Former Apple engineer Bob Belleville breaks down reading a note he wrote after Jobs' death.<div><div></div></div>Despite being in the midst of heavy promotion for his Scientology documentary "Going Clear," Gibney&#xa0;flew to Austin, Texas, this weekend for the movie's world premiere at SXSW.&#xa0;During a Q&amp;A after the screening, Gibney defended his film and portrayal of Jobs."Zen was superficial -&#xa0;a formal elegance," Gibney said of trying&#xa0;to understand Jobs' spiritual values. "He believed&#xa0;in making the world a better place by making better products, and that's it."Gibney also defended his film to&#xa0;<a href="http://variety.com/2015/film/news/sxsw-alex-gibney-on-his-controversial-steve-jobs-documentary-1201452444/" target="_blank">Variety</a>, saying,&#xa0;"There are critical elements that people haven't seen about Jobs or understood.""I would say I'm no longer madly in love with my iPhone," added the director. "It's no longer blind faith." Watch Gibney's full Q&amp;A at SXSW below.<div><div></div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-personal-influences-background-history-personality-2015-3">Steve Jobs' biographer reveals the childhood moment that defined the Apple founder</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="p4Mzd3czp5DE3WAo5BLRRDGFeNcEHnwO" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Warning: This article contains spoilers for "<keyword id="10217071" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="the-queens-gambit">The Queen's Gambit</keyword>."</li><li>Jolene, one of the only Black characters on the <keyword id="128682" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Netflix">Netflix</keyword> show, falls into a series of <keyword id="10406141" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="racist-tropes">racist tropes</keyword>.</li><li>Jolene's sole purpose is to serve the emotional and financial needs of the white protagonist, Beth Harmon.</li><li>"The Queen's Gambit" is not Netflix's only original series to mishandle its limited cast of BIPOC characters.</li></ul><a href="https://www.insider.com/interesting-things-about-the-queens-gambit-fun-facts">"The Queen's Gambit"</a> is one of Netflix's newest <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/data-shows-netflix-queens-gambit-a-word-of-mouth-hit-2020-11">hit</a> series and the latest to have a diversity problem. Based on the novel by Walter Tevis, the seven-episode show follows Elizabeth "Beth" Harmon (Anya Taylor-Joy) navigating the intersections of being a chess wunderkind while dealing with loss, addiction, and burdening expectations - <a href="https://www.insider.com/shows-to-watch-after-the-queens-gambit-similar-series">all while being a woman in the 1960s</a>.So far, "The Queen's Gambit" has mostly been critically acclaimed, with many calling it "<a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/10/28/the-queens-gambit-review-one-best-shows-2020/3753873001/">one of the best shows of 2020</a>." But one can't help but notice how the show drops the ball by turning one of its only Black characters, Jolene (Moses Ingram), into little more than a harmful trope. <h2>During the first 2 episodes of the series, Jolene's sole purpose is to cater to whatever Beth's emotional needs are </h2>Jolene is Beth's childhood companion in the Methuen Home, the all-girls orphanage they live in as kids. Jolene makes it her responsibility to immediately take a shy, dour Beth under her wing.<div type="image" title="the queen's gambit young jolene and beth" height="2400" width="3600" msid="79649034" hostid="261"></div>During the first episode of the limited series, Jolene gives Beth advice on how to cope while living in the establishment. For example, the orphanage staff gives each girl two pills a day in order to keep them docile. Jolene advises Beth to save one of the pills under her tongue and take it before bed because the tranquilizer will make sleeping easier and more interesting. Later, however, Jolene notices Beth becoming obsessed with the tranquilizing pills and cautions her against becoming addicted.After Beth is adopted, Jolene disappears from the narrative.<h2>Jolene is not seen again until the final 2 episodes when she cleans up Beth's spiraling life as an adult</h2>At this point in the show, Beth's substance abuse has severely worsened, her feelings of self-worth are at an all-time low after losing to her challenging chess opponent, Vasily Borgov (Marcin Dorociński), and she feels utterly alone. Luckily, Jolene appears at Beth's house just in time to save Beth from herself.Together, the two essentially embark on a swift healing journey that includes attending the funeral of William Shaibel (Bill Camp), the janitor from the orphanage who taught Beth how to play chess. They visit the basement where Mr. Shaibel taught Beth and they have meaningful discussions around Beth's current mental state and what's in store for her future.All of the above give Beth the closure she needs to find herself and her confidence once more.Using money from her law-school fund, Jolene pays for Beth's trip to Russia so Beth can play Borgov again and defeat him now that she's mentally in a better place (again, thanks to Jolene).<div type="image" title="beth and jolene queens gambit" height="2400" width="3199" msid="79649037" hostid="261"></div><h2>Jolene's character falls in line with the 'modern mammy' trope, which can be mistaken by viewers for effective representation </h2>A number of critics, including Gloria Oladipo for <a href="https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/netflix-the-queens-gambit-jolene-magical-negro-trope">Bitch Media</a>, have called out the series as using Jolene as a sidekick and stereotype. Oladipo refers to the usage of Jolene's character as the "Magical Negro," a term popularized by Spike Lee in 2001 to describe "the insertion of a black character into a narrative who is bestowed upon the protagonist the wisdom he or she needs to move forward in some way," as summarized by Roxanne Gay in her 2014 book of essays titled <a href="https://instr.iastate.libguides.com/c.php?g=808612&amp;p=57716721672">"Bad Feminist."</a>But Jolene's role seems to go beyond that and verge into "modern mammy" territory, a trope that specifically relies on a Black female character doing the bidding of a white character. Historically, the mammy figure has been shown on screen as an older <a href="https://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/mammies/">Black woman who is a dutiful caregiver</a> to her white family. She's docile, loyal, maternal, non-threatening, probably religious, and at times crosses over with the sassy Black woman trope, but overall doesn't let much get in the way of her responsibilities to her white family.The modern depictions of the mammy trope do not necessarily need to be a mother or nanny figure. This character often has motherly traits and unrelentingly supports the white people in her life, who usually don't reciprocate her devoted effort to their goals or arc. She is usually conveniently written out of the plot when she no longer serves a purpose.<div type="image" title="jolene and beth queens gambit" height="2348" width="3131" msid="79649039" hostid="261"></div>"The Queen's Gambit" maintains some level of self-awareness. There's an attempt to anticipate criticism of Jolene's role in the show by having Jolene say she is not Beth's "guardian angel."Instead, Jolene justifies - maybe even defends - her help for Beth by saying they're "family."But for Jolene and Beth to supposedly have such a close familial bond, it doesn't make sense that Jolene is only seen by viewers when Beth needs her help. And aside from a few bits of dialogue, Jolene's character and arc are never explored outside of her commitment to helping Beth.<h2>This isn't the first Netflix original to have a problem with diversity on- and off-screen</h2>Notably, "The Queen's Gambit" is not the first time Netflix has mishandled or neglected the Black characters in its original series. One of Netflix's earliest originals, "Orange Is the New Black," also sidelines its Black characters and places a white woman in the foreground within the context of the prison system, which <a href="https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/">disproportionately impacts BIPOC women</a> more than <a href="https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/the-changing-racial-dynamics-of-womens-incarceration/">white women</a>.The award-winning show features a diverse cast, but as it progressed, many criticized it as <a href="https://wearyourvoicemag.com/orange-is-the-new-black-trauma-porn-written-white-people/">"trauma porn written for white people</a>," calling it out as <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/jun/05/orange-is-the-new-black-stars-taystee-crazy-eyes-sophia">exploiting Black struggles</a> for <a href="https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/racism-orange-new-black-makes-it-traumatic-watch">shock value</a>. The first four seasons of the show were written primarily by white writers and not a single Black writer, <a href="https://splinternews.com/go-ahead-guess-how-many-black-writers-work-on-orange-1793857745">as Splinter reported in 2016</a>.<div type="image" title="orange is the new black" height="1992" width="2657" msid="79649042" hostid="261"></div>Netflix's animated comedy "Big Mouth" had its main Black character, Missy, <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/big-mouth-replace-jenny-slate-black-actor-biracial-character-1300237">voiced by white actress Jenny Slate for the better part of four seasons</a>. In 2020, amid the <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/inside-big-mouths-big-change">Black Lives Matter movement,</a> Slate publicly gave up the role in June and the series later <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/michaelblackmon/big-mouth-new-season-jenny-slate-netflix?utm_source=dynamic&amp;utm_campaign=bffbbuzzfeed&amp;ref=bffbbuzzfeed&amp;uzzfeed&amp;">gave the role to Black actress Ayo Edebiri</a>.There's also the streaming service's newest comedy-drama "Emily in Paris," which has been <a href="https://www.flare.com/tv-movies/emily-in-paris-diversity/">criticized</a> for its lack of <a href="https://www.fr24news.com/a/2020/10/emily-in-paris-review-lily-collins-saves-a-trivial-story-from-wanderlust.html">diversity</a> in a <a href="https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/emily-in-paris-misses-diversity-in-lack-of-moroccan-and-algerian-representation-in-the-series.html/">diverse city</a>. The series follows white protagonist Emily (Lily Collins), and its main source of inclusivity comes from her Black coworker, Julien (Samuel Arnold), and her Asian best friend, Mindy Chen (Ashley Park).<a href="https://www.insider.com/shows-you-should-watch-if-you-like-emily-in-paris">"Emily in Paris"</a> provides very little background or substance to Julien's character outside of his proximity to Emily and his tendency to fall into the <a href="https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/emily-in-paris-misses-diversity-in-lack-of-moroccan-and-algerian-representation-in-the-series.html/">sassy Black character trope</a>. Mindy's main purpose is to serve as Emily's helpful sidekick. <h2>Netflix has made efforts to diversify its shows and storylines, but there's always room for improvement</h2>In recent years, <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/z4gmw5/why-netflix-has-decided-to-make-diversity-a-top-priority">Netflix has made progressive attempts toward diversifying</a> its staff and content to provide viewers with more representation.Black creators are leading the charge. Filmmaker Ava Duvernay has worked with Netflix to create acclaimed projects that examine racism in America, like the documentary "13th" and the limited series "When They See Us." Shonda Rhimes and Kenya Barris also signed on with the streaming platform, <a href="https://observer.com/2020/11/netflix-shonda-rhimes-ryan-murphy-kenya-barris-deals-ratings-budget/#:~:text=In%202017%2C%20Netflix%20signed%20Grey's,Horror%20Story%20creator%20Ryan%20Murphy.">each to the tune of $100 million</a> (still less than the <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/tvs-first-300m-man-inside-netflixs-blockbuster-ryan-murphy-deal-1099145">reported $300 million "American Horror Story" creator Ryan Murphy received</a>).And there are Netflix original series telling diverse stories with diverse leads. Its animated series "The Dragon Prince" - featuring BIPOC characters, LGBTQ storylines, and characters with disabilities - got renewed for a <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2020/07/24/the-dragon-prince-has-been-renewed-by-netflix-for-season-4/#:~:text=EDT%20%7C95%2C266%20views-,'The%20Dragon%20Prince'%20Has%20Been%20Renewed%20By%20Netflix,For%20Season%204%20And%20Beyond&amp;text='The%20Dragon%20Prince'%20will%20return,a%20fourth%20season%20on%20Netflix.lix.">fourth season</a> earlier this year. Mindy Kaling's comedy-drama "Never Have I Ever," which features an Indian-American protagonist, is set to debut a second season in <a href="https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/a32356667/never-have-i-ever-season-2-news-date-cast-spoilers/#:~:text=Never%20Have%20I%20Ever%20is,%2C%20%22%20It's%20official%2C%20people!">2021</a>.Still, Netflix should keep in mind that any inclusive projects won't erase harmful tropes and lack of representation in its other predominantly white original series. "The Queen's Gambit" - and Jolene - deserved better.Read More:<a href="https://www.insider.com/interesting-things-about-the-queens-gambit-fun-facts">16 things you probably didn't know about 'The Queen's Gambit'</a><a href="https://www.insider.com/how-jojo-siwa-criticism-impacts-fans-2020-12">People scrutinizing JoJo Siwa's appearance are hurting young women in the spotlight - and setting a terrible example for their younger fans</a><a href="https://www.insider.com/best-book-to-tv-adaptations-2018-8">31 TV shows based on books that you should watch in your lifetime</a>

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