<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="19946421" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Prince-Harry" source="keywords">Prince Harry</keyword> and <keyword id="20093131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Meghan-Markle" source="keywords">Meghan Markle</keyword> visited Colombia at the invitation of <keyword id="20181631" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vice-President-Francia-Marquez" source="keywords">Vice President Francia Marquez</keyword>.</li><li>The trip marked their second <keyword id="20451535" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="international-tour" source="keywords">international tour</keyword> of 2024.</li></ul>Prince Harry and Meghan Markle wrapped up their latest international trip on Sunday.<br /><br />The couple went to Colombia at the invitation of the nation's vice president, Francia Márquez, and they spoke at the Responsible Digital Future Summit at Universidad Ean<strong><em> </em></strong>on August 15.<br /><br />Their visit to Colombia marked their second international tour of the year, following their <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meghan-markle-nigeria-tour-outfits-ranked-2024-5">trip to Nigeria</a> in May.<br /><br /><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prince-william-salary-prince-harry-inheritance-duchy-of-cornwall-report-2024-7">Harry</a> and Meghan received backlash for both trips in <keyword id="23011921" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="UK-tabloids" source="keywords">UK tabloids</keyword>, with some outlets questioning why the couple is going on trips that look a lot like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-british-royal-tours-through-the-years-2019-10">royal tours</a> despite stepping back as <keyword id="23011922" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="working-royals" source="keywords">working royals</keyword> in 2020.<br /><br />But looking back at their time as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-prince-harry-meghan-markle-rift-prince-william-kate-middleton-2021-1">working royals</a> together and their individual lives highlights that international service trips are nothing unusual for Harry or Meghan.<br /><br />Representatives for Prince Harry and Meghan Markle did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.<br /><br /><h2>Harry and Meghan have a long history of international work</h2>Royal watcher Kristen Meinzer told Business Insider that international trips with a service focus aren't new for Harry or Meghan.<br /><br />As a member of the royal family, Harry spent his entire life accompanying his parents on <keyword id="23011923" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="royal-tours" source="keywords">royal tours</keyword>, and as an adult he served in the British Army, which also took him around the globe. He is also the founding patron of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/royals-didnt-attend-prince-harrys-celebration-of-the-invictus-games-2024-5" target="_blank">the Invictus Games</a>, a biennial athletic competition that has been hosted by six countries so far.<br /><br />    <div type="image" title="Prince Harry and Meghan Markle sit on a bench in front of a mural." height="1333" width="2000" msid="112660085" hostid="261"></div>Meanwhile, Meghan studied international relations at Northwestern in addition to theater, and she worked with global organizations like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.worldvision.org.uk/about/celebrity-supporters/meghan-markle/">World Vision</a>, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.oneyoungworld.com/news-item/vanity-fair-photoshoot-released">One Young World,</a> and even the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meghan-markle-job-history-2017-12">United Nations</a> before she became a royal.<br /><br />"Before they were even together, they both had a passion for charity and philanthropy and making goodwill visits to other countries," Meinzer said. "It's something that Harry was trained to do his whole life."<br /><br />"And I think it's interesting that when other people like George Clooney or Beyoncé do the same kind of thing, they aren't raked over the coals," Meinzer said of Harry and Meghan's international advocacy.<br /><br />As working royals, Harry and Meghan went on multiple royal tours together, where they flexed their ability to connect with communities in other countries.<br /><br />    <div type="image" title="Meghan Markle Prince Harry Australia" height="1372" width="1800" msid="112660089" hostid="261"></div>For instance, Harry said <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prince-harrry-meghan-markle-australia-tour-royal-family-oprah-2021-3">it was "effortless"</a> for Meghan to connect with locals on their 2018 royal tour of Australia, and they both <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-photos-prince-harry-meghan-markle-2019-baby-archie-africa-2019-11">appeared more relaxed</a> during their 2019 tour of Africa compared to other royals on similar trips.<br /><br />As they revealed in their docuseries "Harry &amp; Meghan," the Duke and Duchess of Sussex hoped they could continue serving as working royals outside the UK by <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meghan-harry-said-move-from-uk-years-in-the-making-2022-12">relocating to a commonwealth nation</a> like New Zealand, South Africa, or Canada instead of stepping down in 2020.<br /><br />"We thought it would be good to give ourselves some breathing space, but also we were really passionate about continuing our work throughout the Commonwealth, to support the Queen," Harry said on the series.<br /><br />Harry said their 2019 move to South Africa was scrapped after details of the plan were published in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/revealed-palaces-africa-plan-for-harry-and-meghan-t2ckn7f5b">The Times</a>. Subsequently, Harry's email proposal to move to Canada was leaked to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10693487/prince-harry-meghan-move-to-canada/">The Sun</a> in January 2020. A day after the story was published, Harry and Meghan announced they were <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prince-harry-meghan-markle-announce-stepping-back-from-royal-life-2020-1">stepping back as senior royals</a>. <br /><br />By June 2020, the two had settled in Montecito, California, where they now raise their two children.<br /><br /><h2>These trips aren't designed to promote the Commonwealth, but they do serve a purpose</h2>When they went on international trips together as working royals, Harry and Meghan were ambassadors for the Commonwealth. Today, they promote causes they are passionate about when they visit.<br /><br />"I think that something else that's a little bit off about the narrative is a lot of the tabloid media is trying to depict them as like, 'Oh, they're just trying to pretend they're still royal,'" Meinzer said. "But they're actually going to these places upon invitation."<br /><br />For instance, Márquez invited Harry and Meghan to Colombia to discuss how to create a "healthier and more ethical digital landscape," as the Duke and Duchess of Sussex shared on their <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://sussex.com/building-a-responsible-digital-future/">website</a>, and they visited Nigeria in May because the country has expressed <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meghan-markle-nigeria-tour-outfits-ranked-2024-5">interest in hosting the Invictus Games</a>.<br /><br />    <div type="image" title="Prince Harry and Meghan Markle smile together in a crowd." height="2812" width="2000" msid="112660087" hostid="261"></div>"They're not doing anything that is inflammatory by accepting invitations to raise the public awareness of certain causes," Meinzer added. "It's just a non-issue."<br /><br />Despite the tabloid criticism of their international trips, the visits offer a new path for Harry and Meghan, who have <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meghan-markle-prince-harry-new-netflix-shows-suits-spotify-deal-2024-4">struggled to find long-term momentum</a> in their media ventures, as Business Insider previously reported.<br /><br />Indeed, Evan Nierman, the CEO and founder of the global PR firm <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://redbanyan.com/"><u>Red Banyan</u></a>, told BI that the Duke and Duchess of Sussex's tell-alls about the royal family — from their Netflix series to Harry's memoir "Spare" — <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prince-harry-espys-award-controversy-pr-expert-2024-7">don't pack the same punch anymore</a>.<br /><br />But international diplomacy is Meghan and Harry's bread and butter. Whether the UK tabloid press agrees, leaning into a skillset and a passion they both have is the right move for them.<br /><br /><em>Correction: August 29, 2024 — An earlier version of this story incorrectly described Prince Harry's military service. He served in the British Army, not the Royal Air Force. The story was also updated to clarify that the Invictus Games are held biennially, not yearly.</em><br />

Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Colombia trip was heavily criticized, but it's part of a winning strategy

<p>Hi, I'm Matt Turner, the editor in chief of business at Insider. Welcome back to Insider Weekly, a roundup of some of our top stories. </p><hr /><h3><strong>On the agenda today:</strong></h3><ul><li>Goldman Sachs insiders are concerned about CEO David Solomon's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-david-solomon-dj-brand-plane-2022-9">push to build his personal brand</a>.</li><li>Wall Street's biggest investors fear an economic nightmare is coming. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wall-street-investors-fear-economic-inflation-stock-market-nightmare-2022-9">They may be right.</a></li><li>Some companies are posting "ghost jobs" but don't actually plan <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ghost-jobs-why-some-companies-dont-respond-to-applications-2022-9">to hire you — or anyone</a>.</li><li>Amazon has created a new team to help address <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-created-a-new-builder-experience-team-to-fix-developer-culture-2022-9">concerns raised by frustrated engineers</a>. </li></ul><p><strong>But first: </strong>This week, Insider launched its inaugural <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-action-30-top-global-leaders-working-toward-climate-solutions-2022">Climate Action 30</a>, a prestigious list of leaders working toward climate solutions. Lily Katzman, an associate editor on our Special Projects team, gives us a behind-the-scenes look at the project. </p><hr /><p><em>If this was forwarded to you, </em><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-weekly"><em>sign up here.</em></a><em>  Download Insider's app </em><a href="https://www.insider.com/app"><em>here.</em></a></p><hr /><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-action-30-top-global-leaders-working-toward-climate-solutions-2022"><strong>Meet 30 global leaders tackling the climate crisis </strong></a></h3><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-action-30-top-global-leaders-working-toward-climate-solutions-2022"></a></p><p>When we say climate heroes, the usual suspects — think Greta Thunberg and Al Gore — come to mind. While they're certainly doing notable work, we wanted to shift attention to others who are making important contributions to tackling the climate crisis,<strong><em> associate editor Lily Katzman writes.</em></strong> </p><p>That's where Insider's Climate Action 30 comes into play.</p><p>Our <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-action-30-top-global-leaders-working-toward-climate-solutions-2022">inaugural list of 30 top global leaders</a> features activists, influencers, scientists, execs, entrepreneurs, and public-sector and nonprofit leaders, among others, who are working to address the climate crisis. Here's what the project includes:</p><ul><li>30 unique write-ups describing each finalist's work and why it's important.</li><li>30 calls to action from each finalist to tell global leaders — and our readers — what they should do, stop doing, or understand to drive change. </li><li>Original (and stunning) photography commissioned by our team of photographers.</li></ul><p>While we won't spoil it all, finalists include government leaders like Francia Márquez, the first Black vice president of Colombia; entrepreneurs like Jan Wurzbacher, who founded a company that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores it in the ground; and activists like Autumn Peltier, who advocates for clean drinking water in Indigenous communities. </p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-action-30-top-global-leaders-working-toward-climate-solutions-2022"><strong>Check out the full project here. </strong></a></p><hr /><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-david-solomon-dj-brand-plane-2022-9"><strong>Goldman Sachs insiders fume about CEO's personal brand</strong></a></h3><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-david-solomon-dj-brand-plane-2022-9"></a></p><div type="image" title="David Solomon, DJ D-Sol" height="1501" width="2001" msid="94502234" hostid="261" sizebytes="110462"></div><p>David Solomon, Goldman Sachs' CEO, moonlights as an electronic-music DJ, playing high-profile gigs like the Lollapalooza music festival and Tomorrowland, a Belgian music festival. </p><p>Solomon has been working on the side hustle for years. But some insiders are baffled by the amount of time and attention he's committed to his hobby and his use of private jets to promote his DJ work. Some say they're worried Solomon is putting his own interests ahead of the firm's.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-david-solomon-dj-brand-plane-2022-9"><strong>Here's what else insiders told us. </strong></a></p><p>Plus, check out:</p><ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apollo-global-josh-harris-family-office-tensions-2022-9"><strong>Inside billionaire Josh Harris' final years at Apollo, where former employees said his personal investments caused tensions</strong></a></li></ul><hr /><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wall-street-investors-fear-economic-inflation-stock-market-nightmare-2022-9"><strong>An economic nightmare could be looming</strong></a></h3><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wall-street-investors-fear-economic-inflation-stock-market-nightmare-2022-9"></a></p><div type="image" title="The charging bull with a worried expression and sweating with a red background" height="900" width="1200" msid="94502236" hostid="261" sizebytes="223134"></div><p>Wall Street can't shake a nightmare about the US economy. </p><p>Some of the market's biggest investors are worried there will be no hard or soft landing for the economy. Instead, we'll just get <em>stuck</em>: Inflation comes down a bit from its scalding-hot level, but stays persistently higher; the Federal Reserve keeps hiking interest rates, but can't get a handle on prices. And Americans will end up with uncomfortably high interest rates, higher unemployment, <em>and</em> higher prices.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wall-street-investors-fear-economic-inflation-stock-market-nightmare-2022-9"><strong>What happens if our economy gets stuck.</strong></a></p><p>Also read:</p><ul><li><strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/layoffs-unemployment-outlook-federal-reserve-rate-hikes-recession-risk-2022-9">The Fed just confirmed that its self-induced 'growth recession' could put more than a million Americans out of work</a></strong></li></ul><hr /><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ghost-jobs-why-some-companies-dont-respond-to-applications-2022-9"><strong>Beware: That's not a real job opening</strong></a></h3><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ghost-jobs-why-some-companies-dont-respond-to-applications-2022-9"></a></p><div type="image" title="ghost job applicant" height="2260" width="3014" msid="94502238" hostid="261" sizebytes="219462"></div><p>In today's remarkably tight labor market, a new trend is puzzling applicants: While many employers can't find enough workers, some qualified candidates are applying to open jobs and aren't hearing anything back.</p><p>The phenomenon is raising questions about whether a company's job postings are reflective of actual open positions, or if they're "ghost jobs" — listings that employers are no longer actively hiring or recruiting for. </p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ghost-jobs-why-some-companies-dont-respond-to-applications-2022-9"><strong>Everything to know about "ghost jobs."</strong></a></p><hr /><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-created-a-new-builder-experience-team-to-fix-developer-culture-2022-9"><strong>Amazon is trying to fix its crumbling engineering culture</strong></a></h3><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-created-a-new-builder-experience-team-to-fix-developer-culture-2022-9"></a></p><div type="image" title="Kara Swisher and Amazon President and CEO Andy Jassy speak onstage during Vox Media's 2022 Code Conference." height="4888" width="6518" msid="94502240" hostid="261" sizebytes="1125872"></div><p>Following developers' complaints about a slowing engineering culture, Amazon has created a new team called "Amazon Software Builder Experience," leaked documents show. </p><p>Amazon formed the group earlier this year with the goal of turning the internet giant into "Earth's best employer for software builders." Since launching, ASBX has grown to more than 400 employees, working on code automation, improved developer tools, and enhanced tutorials and safety infrastructure.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-created-a-new-builder-experience-team-to-fix-developer-culture-2022-9"><strong>Inside the Amazon Software Builder Experience group. </strong></a></p><p>For more on Amazon:</p><ul><li><strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-promotion-raises-compensation-bug-2022-9">Leaked email reveals that Amazon is walking back employees' raises after an internal bug miscalculated their compensation</a></strong></li></ul><hr /><h3><strong>This week's quote:</strong></h3><p>"That's $30,000 a year you could be putting into a retirement fund."</p><ul><li>Andrew Lokenauth, who said he was paying $30,000 in taxes annually before moving to Tampa, Florida. He's one of several high earners who shared <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/save-income-tax-moving-california-florida-new-york-2022-9">what happened after moving to states with no or low taxes</a>. </li></ul><hr /><h3><strong>More of this week's top reads:</strong></h3><ul><li>Toxic managers are creating <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/toxic-bosses-managers-companies-work-life-balance-employees-burnout-2022-9">a burnout crisis</a>. </li><li>There's a thriving underground market <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-fraud-reporting-marketplace-identity-theft-2022-9">for used Amazon seller accounts</a>. </li><li>A woman who makes $7,000 a month on TaskRabbit <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-earn-5-star-reviews-taskrabbit-make-7000-month-2022-9">shares her tips for success</a>. </li><li>Tech headhunters are flocking to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/snap-layoffs-recruiting-facebook-meta-netflix-tiktok-amazon-2022-9">laid-off Snap employees</a>. </li><li>Two creators share how much they earn through an online course <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-creators-make-course-teaching-how-to-fix-rv-2022-7">teaching people how to repair their own RVs</a>.</li><li>Meet Dylan Field, the 30-year-old college dropout <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/figma-ceo-dylan-field-adobe-20-billion-bid-design-software-2022-9">who built Figma</a>.</li><li>Josh Harris, the owner of the 76ers and Devils, upset Apollo insiders <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apollo-global-josh-harris-family-office-tensions-2022-9">with the time he spent on personal investments</a>.</li></ul><hr /><p><strong>Event invite: </strong>Many small-business owners may think they can't invest in talent acquisition. But <a href="https://events.insider.com/small-business-talent-strategy?utm_source=Newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=2022-9-27_Talent_Indeed">innovative talent strategies may be their superpower.</a> </p><p>Join us Tuesday, September 27, at noon ET for an editorial boot camp, in partnership with Indeed, covering how small businesses are developing these strategies. <a href="https://events.insider.com/small-business-talent-strategy?utm_source=Newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=2022-9-27_Talent_Indeed">Sign up here.</a></p><hr /><p><strong>Plus: </strong>Stay up to date with the latest business news throughout your weekdays by checking out <a href="https://link.chtbl.com/therefresh">The Refresh from Insider</a>, a dynamic audio news brief from the Insider newsroom. <a href="https://link.chtbl.com/therefresh"><strong>Listen here tomorrow</strong>.</a></p><hr /><p><em>Curated by Matt Turner. Edited by Jordan Parker Erb and Lisa Ryan. </em><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter"><em>Sign up for more Insider newsletters here.</em></a></p>

Goldman Sachs insiders are concerned about CEO David Solomon's push to build his personal brand

<p>Happy Thursday, readers. Welcome to the latest edition of <keyword id="10712724" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="insider-life">Insider Life</keyword>, bringing you the best of <keyword id="6354553" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="real-estate">real estate</keyword>, <keyword id="6354692" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Travel">travel</keyword>, food and style. We're coming to you a day early this week, as Insider Inc. will be closed tomorrow in observation of Juneteenth. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/support-black-owned-businesses">Check out these ways to celebrate Juneteenth</a>, including Black-owned brands to support, causes to donate to, and destinations to visit.</p><p>By the way, be sure to <a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/insider-careers">sign up for our Insider Careers emails</a> to get job help, résumé advice, and salary insights - right in your inbox.</p><p><strong><em>If this was forwarded to you, </em></strong><a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/insider-life"><strong><em>sign up here.</em></strong></a><strong><em> For more of our <keyword id="1590971" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Newsletters">newsletters</keyword>, </em></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter"><strong><em>sign up here.</em></strong></a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/austin-texas-real-estate-agent-kumara-wilcoxon-sothebys-schedule-2021-6"></a>Austin's real estate market is booming, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/austin-texas-real-estate-agent-kumara-wilcoxon-sothebys-schedule-2021-6">Kumara Wilcoxon has a front-row seat.</a> As the city's top broker, Wilcoxon has sold $1 billion worth of real estate, and swears by a jam-packed 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. schedule.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/austin-texas-real-estate-agent-kumara-wilcoxon-sothebys-schedule-2021-6">Take a look at a typical day working with Austin's richest buyers and sellers.</a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-americas-richest-family-dynasties-hold-and-grow-wealth-report-2021-6"><div type="image" title="piggy bank" height="1223" width="1631" msid="83605329" hostid="261"></div></a>America's richest family dynasties had a lucrative year, with their wealth growing at <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-americas-richest-family-dynasties-hold-and-grow-wealth-report-2021-6">a rate 10 times greater than that of a typical family.</a> In a new report, the Institute for Policy Studies sheds light on how they amass and keep their fortunes. </p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-americas-richest-family-dynasties-hold-and-grow-wealth-report-2021-6">Here are the three most notable methods.</a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-david-drebin-artist-that-sells-to-rich-and-famous-2021-6"><div type="image" title="IMG_4172" height="2274" width="3024" msid="83605331" hostid="261"></div></a>New York and Miami-based artist David Drebin, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-david-drebin-artist-that-sells-to-rich-and-famous-2021-6">who sells his $100,000 work</a> to the rich and famous - including Elton John and Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon - doesn't have to chase down wealthy clientele. "If you do what you love, people come to you," he said.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-david-drebin-artist-that-sells-to-rich-and-famous-2021-6">Meet him here.</a> </p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jsx-airlines-review"><div type="image" title="JSX_Boomers_7 FLARE" height="580" width="774" msid="83605335" hostid="261"></div></a><br />For travelers looking for less crowded - and possibly more cost effective - ways to traverse the country, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jsx-airlines-review">JSX might just offer a solution.</a> JSX, a private regional airline, offers flights with a passenger cap of 30, and a more posh experience than flying commercial. </p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jsx-airlines-review">Why this writer can't stop recommending it.</a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ferrari-italian-luxury-sports-car-expands-to-luxury-fashion-restaurants-2021-6"><div type="image" title="Ferrari" height="1336" width="1781" msid="83605336" hostid="261"></div></a><br />In an attempt to woo more wealthy clients, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ferrari-italian-luxury-sports-car-expands-to-luxury-fashion-restaurants-2021-6">Ferrari is expanding its iconic brand into new markets</a>: luxury fashion and high-end food. Known primarily for its ultra-expensive sports cars, Ferrari is now launching a "middle luxury" clothing collection and opening a restaurant in Italy, headed by a Michelin-starred chef. </p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ferrari-italian-luxury-sports-car-expands-to-luxury-fashion-restaurants-2021-6">More on Ferrari's latest ventures.</a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/where-people-moved-pandemic-austin-the-villages-myrtle-beach-2021-6"><div type="image" title="Drew vonEhrenkrook" height="1365" width="1820" msid="83605339" hostid="261"></div></a></p><p>The five <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/where-people-moved-pandemic-austin-the-villages-myrtle-beach-2021-6">most popular places to move</a> this year all have a few things in common: good weather, lower taxes, and conservative politics. We asked locals why these towns, from a retiree Disney World in Florida to a booming tech hub in Texas, are getting so much attention.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/where-people-moved-pandemic-austin-the-villages-myrtle-beach-2021-6">Here's what life is like in these newly hot cities.</a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hard-seltzer-propels-canned-cocktail-growth-in-changing-alcohol-industry-2021-6"><div type="image" title="hard seltzer" height="1333" width="1777" msid="83605340" hostid="261"></div></a><br />Americans are gearing up for hot-vax summer - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hard-seltzer-propels-canned-cocktail-growth-in-changing-alcohol-industry-2021-6">and so are hard seltzer brands.</a> Already at an all-time high, seltzer sales are set to peak over the fourth of July, further driving up the multi-billion dollar industry.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hard-seltzer-propels-canned-cocktail-growth-in-changing-alcohol-industry-2021-6">Get the rundown on hard seltzer's booming success.</a></p><hr /><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ebay-fashion-vp-on-brand-diversity-can-come-via-sneakers-2021-6"><div type="image" title="eBay's VP of fashion Charis Marquez" height="803" width="1068" msid="83605341" hostid="261"></div></a></p><p>As eBay's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ebay-fashion-vp-on-brand-diversity-can-come-via-sneakers-2021-6">first-ever vice president of fashion,</a> Charis Marquez is focused on building diverse teams within the company and catering to underserved groups of shoppers, such as female sneakerheads and Gen Z.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ebay-fashion-vp-on-brand-diversity-can-come-via-sneakers-2021-6">Here's how she's doing it.</a></p><hr /><p><strong>Plus...</strong></p><ul><li>A painting by David Bowie that was purchased for $4.10 at a Canadian landfill is now auctioning for thousands of dollars. <a href="https://www.insider.com/david-bowie-painting-sold-canadian-landfill-auction-worth-thousands-2021-6">See the painting here.</a> </li><li>The heir to the Dutch throne waived her right to her $1.9 million annual allowance. <a href="https://www.insider.com/heir-to-dutch-throne-waived-right-to-million-dollar-allowance-2021-6">Here's why she said it'd be "uncomfortable."</a></li><li>The world's highest ski resort, once a booming destination, is now a ghost town. <a href="https://www.insider.com/abandoned-chacaltaya-ski-resort-once-worlds-highest-ski-resort-2021-6">See photos of the abandoned Bolivian resort.</a></li><li>We found the 16 best beach hotels in the US for ocean views, gorgeous pools, and beachside dining. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-beach-hotels-us">From Hawaii to Maine, here are our picks. </a></li></ul>

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<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c7d0fab26289812795413d6-1800/ap19061021819698.jpg" border="0" alt="Guaidó in Argentina" data-mce-source="(Natacha Pisarenko/AP)" data-mce-caption="Venezuela's self-proclaimed interim president Juan Guaidó talks to supporters during his self-imposed exile in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Friday, March 1, 2019."><p class="source"><span>(Natacha Pisarenko/AP)</span></p><p class="caption">Venezuela's self-proclaimed interim president Juan Guaidó talks to supporters during his self-imposed exile in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on March 1, 2019.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>Venezuela's opposition leader and self-declared interim president, Juan Guaidó, is re-entering the country after a ten-day exile.</strong></li><li><strong>He risks arrest upon his return, and could face up to 30 years in prison.</strong></li><li><strong>Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro's government put a travel ban on Guaidó after he declared himself interim president.</strong></li><li><strong>During his exile, Guaidó met with world leaders who support his opposition against Maduro.</strong></li></ul><p>Juan Guaidó, Venezuela's opposition leader and self-styled interim president, plans to return to his country on Monday, risking arrest and a 30-year prison term for breaking a government-ordered travel ban.</p><p>Guaidó told supporters in a <a href="https://twitter.com/jguaido/status/1102368341140926466">Periscope livestream on Sunday</a> that he will return to Venezuela on Monday, and to prepare for a new round of protests at 11 a.m. on Monday (10 a.m. EST).</p><p>Guaidó left Venezuela on February 22 and traveled around South America to meet world leaders who have pledged their support for him, including US Vice President Mike Pence and the presidents of Colombia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Ecuador.</p><p>He told <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/juan-guaido-if-maduro-arrests-me-it-would-be-a-coup-detat/2019/03/03/653acbae-3df9-11e9-9361-301ffb5bd5e6_story.html?utm_term=.11edccbef46a">The Washington Post</a> on Sunday that he left to organize the entry of humanitarian aid to Venezuela and to strategize with Latin American leaders.</p><p>It's not clear where he is now or how he will re-enter the country.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c7d19da262898100a54d1f5-1200/venezuela%20guaido%20pence.jpg" border="0" alt="venezuela guaido pence" data-mce-source="Official White House Photo by D. Myles" data-mce-caption="Venezuela's Juan Guaidó, Colombian President Ivan Duque Marquez, and US Vice President Mike Pence meet at the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores in Bogota, Colombia. on February 25, 2019."><p class="source"><span>Official White House Photo by D. Myles</span></p><p class="caption">Guaidó, Colombian President Ivan Duque Marquez, and US Vice President Mike Pence meet at the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores in Bogota, Colombia. on February 25, 2019.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><p>The beleaguered Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, who has for weeks been facing calls for his resignation, has suggested that Guaidó could be returned upon entry. <span>"He will have to face justice, and justice prohibited him from leaving the country," he told <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/venezuelan-president-nicolas-maduros-defiant-interview-tom-llamas/story?id=61318540">ABC News</a> last week.</span></p><p><span>Juan Carlos Valdez, deputy judge of Venezuela's supreme court, also told <a href="https://sputniknews.com/latam/201902261072772000-guaido-may-face-30-years-for-breaching-travel-ban-supreme-court/">Sputnik News</a> that Guaidó may face up to 30 years in prison if he returns to Venezuela.</span></p><p>Guaidó acknowledged that his self-imposed exile could have consequences.&#xa0;&#xa0;</p><p>"If the regime dares to kidnap us, that will be the last mistake they make," Guaidó said in his Periscope video.</p><p>In his livestream, Guaidó said he had instructions in place to deal with an arrest. But he assured that no matter the outcome, his attempt to return will spark momentum.&#xa0;</p><p>"They can cut a flower but they will never stop the spring from coming," he said.</p><p><em><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bio-juan-guaido-self-proclaimed-interim-president-of-venezuela-2019-1?r=US&amp;IR=T">Meet Juan Guaidó, the self-proclaimed interim president of Venezuela who's challenging Nicolás Maduro for power</a> &#xa0;</em></p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c7d10f626289805fe262ae8-1600/ap19062654073597.jpg" border="0" alt="Colombia Venezuela migrants" data-mce-source="(Martin Mejia/AP)" data-mce-caption="A youth helps an elderly woman walk across the Tachira River into Colombia as people are forced to cross the border illegally due to the closure of the bridge by Venezuelan authorities near Cucuta, Colombia, Sunday, March 3, 2019."><p class="source"><span>(Martin Mejia/AP)</span></p><p class="caption">People walk across the Tachira River from Venezuela into Colombia. People have been forced to cross the Venezuela-Colombia border illegally after Venezuelan authorities closed a bridge into Cucuta, Colombia.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><p>The threats mark the latest standoff between Maduro's socialist regime and its opposition in an increasingly tense tug-of-war to control the government. Venezuela is engulfed in a humanitarian crisis, with severe food and medicine shortages driving <a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/02/1033361">millions of refugees</a> abroad.</p><p>In January, Guaidó, the virtually unknown leader of the opposition-controlled National Assembly, declared himself the interim president of Venezuela, saying Maduro's reelection was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bio-juan-guaido-self-proclaimed-interim-president-of-venezuela-2019-1?r=US&amp;IR=T">fraudulent</a>.</p><p>The US and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/venezuela-almost-all-latin-america-like-trump-supports-maduro-rival-2019-1">most of Latin America</a> immediately recognized Guaidó Venezuela's official interim president, and most countries in the Western hemisphere followed suit.</p><p>Maduro responded by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nicolas-maduro-tells-us-diplomats-leave-venezuela-24-hours-2019-1">severing all diplomatic ties with the US</a>. He also prohibited Guaidó from leaving the country and froze his assets, saying that the government was investigating him for trying to "usurp" power, <a href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/01/29/actualidad/1548778972_796341.html">El Pais reported</a>.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c66bb761631a3748c12b897-1200/venezuela%20nicolas%20maduro.jpg" border="0" alt="venezuela nicolas maduro" data-mce-source="Ariana Cubillos/AP" data-mce-caption="Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro speaks during an interview with The Associated Press at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, on February 14, 2019."><p class="source"><span>Ariana Cubillos/AP</span></p><p class="caption">Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro at Miraflores presidential palace in Caracas, Venezuela, on February 14, 2019.</p></img></div><p></p></div></div><p>&#xa0;</p><h2>Guaidó's plans to take over Venezuela</h2><p>In his Sunday interview with The Washington Post, Guaidó suggested three possible scenarios to take control of the government: Through free elections; a sui-generis transition in which the opposition relies on the constitution to gain control; or a military rebellion.</p><p>Guaidó refused to call military intervention a "military coup," but said it "ceasing the usurpation."</p><p>While Venezuelan military leaders declared their loyalty to Maduro last month, more than 500 soldiers mostly from lower and middle ranks defected to Colombia last week <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/venezuela-soldiers-defect-to-colombia-threaten-maduro-power-2019-3">in a sign that Maduro's once rock-solid power base is crumbling</a>.</p><p><strong><em>Read more: </em></strong><em><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/venezuelan-soldiers-reasons-explain-why-they-desert-and-turn-on-nicolas-maduro-2019-3">The 'king-maker' keeping Nicolas Maduro in power is starting to crack - here's why Venezuela's soldiers are breaking ranks, in their own words</a></em></p><p>The US doubled down on its support for Guaidó on Sunday, with National Security Advisor John Bolton <a href="https://twitter.com/AmbJohnBolton/status/1102388069846663169">tweeting</a>: "Any threats or acts against his safe return will be met a strong and significant response from the United States and the international community."</p><div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en"><p>Rendición de cuentas. Próximas acciones.z1@ <a href="https://t.co/gOZvMInJZS">https://t.co/gOZvMInJZS</a></p>- Juan Guaidó  (@jguaido) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/1102368341140926466?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 4, 2019</a></blockquote><script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/twin-brothers-chicago-helped-take-down-el-chapo-margarito-pedro-flores-wives-cocaine-traffickers2017-6">The wives of high-level cocaine traffickers reveal how their husbands took down 'El Chapo'</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/itx8IEnZ-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

Juan Guaido is heading back to Venezuela after a 10-day exile - despite threats of arrest and 30 years in jail if he crosses the border

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/59f9eb0458a0c12b0e8b4a8f-1514/rtx1ujph.jpg" alt="kim jong un" data-mce-source="Reuters / KCNA" /><p class="source"><span>Reuters / KCNA</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>A high ranking State Department official poured cold water on reports that President Donald Trump's administration is considering a "bloody nose" strike against North Korea.</strong></li><li><strong>The Trump administration had reportedly been considering responding to the next North Korean missile or nuclear test with military force to embarrass and frighten Kim Jong Un.</strong></li><li><strong>The Trump administration has frequently reversed course on North Korea, declaring and retracting policies regularly. </strong></li></ul><hr /><p><br />A high ranking State Department official poured cold water on reports that President Donald Trump's administration is considering a "bloody nose" strike against North Korea on Thursday.</p><p>At a hearing to confirm Susan Thornton, the department's nominee for Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Democratic Sen. Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire said she had been told by the White House there was no bloody nose strategy.</p><p>When asked by Shaheen <a href="https://twitter.com/rongxiang/status/964169629303271424">if this was true</a>, Thornton said "that's my understanding."</p><p>"We were told clearly by administration people about as high up as it gets that there is no such thing as a bloody nose strategy," <a href="https://twitter.com/John_Hudson/status/964168768342642688" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Republican Senator James Risch of Indiana said during the hearing</a>, confirming the meeting that Shaheen also attended.</p><p>Reports of a "bloody nose" strike, or a US military attack in response to a North Korea provocation like a missile launch or nuclear test meant to humiliate and put fear in Kim Jong Un's regime, have <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/20/exclusive-us-making-plans-bloody-nose-military-attack-north/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">circulated since December</a>.</p><h2>If there is no "bloody nose" strategy, what was all that talk?</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a70ea517e7a354f028b4b45-1190/victor cha.png" alt="Victor Cha" data-mce-source="MIT Center for International Studies/YouTube" data-mce-caption="Victor Cha" data-link="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-OA5EWDIoA" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-OA5EWDIoA">MIT Center for International Studies/YouTube</a></span></p><p class="caption">Victor Cha</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>The rumors seemed to gain further traction when Trump's administration reportedly rejected Victor Cha as US ambassador to South Korea because he didn't support a strike on North Korea and wouldn't say he would help evacuate US citizens from South Korea in the event of an attack.</p><p>The day following reports of Cha's dismissal from the potential role, he wrote an <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/victor-cha-giving-north-korea-a-bloody-nose-carries-a-huge-risk-to-americans/2018/01/30/43981c94-05f7-11e8-8777-2a059f168dd2_story.html?utm_term=.3530afb2b3c7&amp;tid=sm_tw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">op-ed in the Washington Post cautioning against such a strike</a>. Cha had been in consideration for South Korea ambassador for more than a year. The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-inner-circle-victor-cha-confirm-bloody-nose-strategy-north-korea-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sequence of events was widely interpreted as evidence</a> that the Trump administration wanted to use force against North Korea.</p><p>But even though Thornton and the senators pushed back on that idea, it came from a White House that routinely changes course on North Korea.</p><h2>Mixed messages, maybe on purpose</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a4bae26b0bcd51c198b79d7-2000/donald trump hr mcmaster rex tillerson.jpg" alt="Donald Trump H.R. McMaster Rex Tillerson" data-mce-source="REUTERS/Bullit Marquez/Pool" data-mce-caption="U.S. President Donald Trump gestures with both hands as he talks about his 12-day Asian tour that brought him to five countries in Asia, with the final stop in the Philippines for 31st ASEAN Summit Tuesday, November 14, 2017 in Manila, Philippines. At left is National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster and at right is State Secretary Rex Tillerson." /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Bullit Marquez/Pool</span></p><p class="caption">U.S. President Donald Trump gestures with both hands as he talks about his 12-day Asian tour that brought him to five countries in Asia, with the final stop in the Philippines for 31st ASEAN Summit Tuesday, November 14, 2017 in Manila, Philippines. At left is National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster and at right is State Secretary Rex Tillerson.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Upon returning from the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in South Korea, Vice President Mike Pence said the US would be open to talks with North Korea. The next day Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said it would be <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2133087/tillerson-says-too-early-direct-us-talks-north-korea" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"too early" for such talks to occur</a>.</p><p>Tillerson and Secretary of <keyword id="6354810" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defense">Defense</keyword> Jim Mattis have reportedly <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tillerson-mattis-trump-north-korea-strike-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fought against the idea of a strike</a>, while National Security Adviser H.R. McMaster favors changing the status quo by bloodying Kim's nose. </p><p>Additionally, Mattis has <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/mattis-secret-military-options-for-north-korea-2017-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">frequently said that he provides a range of military options to the White House</a> should they ever need one.</p><p>The flat-out denial of the existence of a contingency plan for a response to a North Korean provocation doesn't square with the Pentagon's formal duties, but may signal a new message being pushed by the State Department.</p>     <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/grease-drain-explainer-process-sewer-fatbergs-flooding-london-2017-5">Why you should never pour grease down the drain</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/TZjoTPFE-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

State Department pours cold water on Trump's 'bloody nose' strike against North Korea

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c3e09f9bd77303d874ee9c7-1400/ap17288217297172.jpg" border="0" alt="Philippines Australia landing craft Subic Bay" data-mce-source="AP Photo/Bullit Marquez" data-mce-caption="Landing craft carrying Philippine marines and Australian troops head toward a mock disaster site after being dislodged by the Royal Australian Navy HMAS Adelaide during an exercise off Subic Bay in the Philippines, October 15, 2017." /><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Bullit Marquez</span></p><p class="caption">Landing craft carrying Philippine marines and Australian troops head toward a mock disaster site after being dislodged by the Royal Australian Navy HMAS Adelaide during an exercise off Subic Bay in the Philippines, October 15, 2017.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>A struggling shipyard firm in the Philippines is looking for a new investor, and Chinese companies are interested.</strong></li><li><span>"This is a VERY SIGNIFICANT NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUE!" Alexander Pama, a retired Philippine admiral warned.</span></li><li><strong>But their potential presence there is renewing concerns about Beijing's ambitions in East Asia.</strong></li></ul><p>Two Chinese firms are interested in the Philippines' largest shipyard, once the US's largest naval base in the Pacific, raising new alarm about Chinese expansion.</p><p>The firm that runs the shipyard, Hanjin Philippines, a local unit of a South Korean firm, has declared bankruptcy, <a href="https://business.inquirer.net/263484/ex-navy-chief-sounds-alarm-on-possible-chinese-takeover-of-subic-shipyard" target="_blank" rel="noopener">defaulting</a> on $412 million in loans. It also owes $900 million to South Korean creditors.</p><p>The firm <a href="https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/news/chinese-philippines-hanjin-shipyard-341605" target="_blank" rel="noopener">asked</a> the Philippine government for help to find someone to take over the business, and Manila wants a new investor to safeguard thousands of jobs.</p><p>Two Chinese firms, one of which is <a href="https://business.inquirer.net/263484/ex-navy-chief-sounds-alarm-on-possible-chinese-takeover-of-subic-shipyard" target="_blank" rel="noopener">state-owned</a>, have contacted the Philippines about the facility. A Chinese takeover would give it a commercial presence in what was once Naval Base Subic Bay, the US's largest naval facility in the Pacific until it departed in 1992.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c3e09e9bd77306a820344dc-1400/2905886.jpg" border="0" alt="US Navy Germantown landing craft Subic Bay Philippines" data-mce-source="US Navy/Petty Officer 2nd Class Raymond D. Diaz III" data-mce-caption="Sailors from amphibious dock landing ship USS Germantown conduct landing craft utility operations in the ship's well deck at Subic Bay, October 5, 2016." /><p class="source"><span>US Navy/Petty Officer 2nd Class Raymond D. Diaz III</span></p><p class="caption">Sailors from amphibious dock landing ship USS Germantown conduct landing craft utility operations in the ship's well deck at Subic Bay, October 5, 2016.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Strategically located on the South China Sea, Subic Bay still a regular stop for US and foreign forces. Zambales, the province of which Subic Bay is part, also hosts US-Philippine military exercises, including a recent training that saw Japan <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/japanese-armored-vehicles-first-military-exercise-on-foreign-soil-2018-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">deploy armored vehicles to foreign soil</a> for the first time since World War II.</p><p>The Hanjin's Subic Bay facility covers nearly 750 acres, building vessels like oil tankers and container ships. But the shipbuilding industry has struggled, and only <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Chinese-eye-largest-Philippine-shipyard-after-Hanjin-default" target="_blank" rel="noopener">about 3,800 workers</a> are left at the site, down from about 30,000, officials said.</p><p><em>Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-admiral-attack-us-carriers-as-thats-what-us-fears-the-most-2019-1" data-analytics-position="4">A Chinese admiral said his country should 'attack' US supercarriers with new weapons, but the US Navy is already scrambling to counter the threat</a></em></p><p>China already has a <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Chinese-eye-largest-Philippine-shipyard-after-Hanjin-default" target="_blank" rel="noopener">presence</a> around Subic Bay with liquefied natural gas and railway projects. The Chinese firms' interest has prompted concern about Beijing's ambitions in the South China Sea, where it has made expansive claims and constructed military facilities, often <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scarborough-shoal-is-red-line-amid-us-china-tension-in-south-china-sea-2018-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">clashing with neighbors</a>, including the Philippines.</p><p><span>"Let's be aware that this Hanjin shipyard issue is not just about business, financial and other economic issues. This is a VERY SIGNIFICANT NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUE!" Alexander Pama, a retired Philippine navy vice admiral, wrote in <a href="https://www.facebook.com/alexander.p.pama/posts/10215553131075968" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a Facebook post</a> on January 12. </span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c3e09e9bd773050043565d9-1400/4431394.jpg" border="0" alt="US navy army Black Hawk helicopter Subic Bay Philippines" data-mce-source="US Navy/Grady T. Fontana" data-mce-caption="US soldiers guide a UH-60 Black Hawk into Military Sealift Command's general-purpose heavy-lift vessel MV Ocean Jazz at Subic Bay, Philippines, May 26, 2018." /><p class="source"><span>US Navy/Grady T. Fontana</span></p><p class="caption">US soldiers guide a UH-60 Black Hawk into Military Sealift Command's general-purpose heavy-lift vessel MV Ocean Jazz at Subic Bay, Philippines, May 26, 2018.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p><span>Pama was Philippine navy chief from 2011 to 2012, a period during which Manila was in a standoff with China over Scarborough Shoal, a group of rocks about 120 miles off the coast of Zambales. </span></p><p><span>Scarborough remains a point of contention, as it could give China a strategically valuable outpost in the northeast corner of the South China Sea; both <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scarborough-shoal-is-red-line-amid-us-china-tension-in-south-china-sea-2018-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Manila and Washington have warned Beijing</a> about seeking a foothold there.</span></p><p><span>Read more: </span><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-warns-chinas-aggressive-fishing-boats-could-start-a-war-2019-1" data-analytics-position="5">The US military is warning that China's fishing boats are bullies and could start a war on the high seas</a></p><p><span>"The ownership of Hanjin shipyard in Subic bay will give the owners unlimited access to one of our most strategic geographic Naval and Maritime asset. Although it is a commercial shipyard, nothing can prevent the owners from making it into a de-facto Naval base and a maritime facility for other security purposes!" added Pama, who held government positions <a href="https://www.globaleditorsnetwork.org/profile/11475/alexander-pama/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">overseeing</a> civil <keyword id="6354810" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="defense">defense</keyword> and maritime security after retiring in 2012.</span></p><p><span>The Philippine government, headed by President Rodrigo Duterte, has downplayed the concerns.</span></p><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c3e09e9bd77306934649027-1400/ap060217015530.jpg" border="0" alt="Philippines Subic Bay USS Harpers Ferry" data-mce-source="AP Photo/Bullit Marquez" data-mce-caption="A Filipino family strolls the beach at Subic Bay in front of the USS Harpers Ferry, February 17, 2006." /><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Bullit Marquez</span></p><p class="caption">A Filipino family strolls the beach at Subic Bay in front of the USS Harpers Ferry, February 17, 2006.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><p><span>A presidential spokesman said Monday that such reports were still "<a href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/14/19/palace-no-problem-if-trusted-chinese-firm-takes-over-subic-shipyard" target="_blank" rel="noopener">speculations</a>," and that if a Chinese company the government has dealt with before assumes control "there's no issue with it." If it's a different company, the spokesman added, "we have to vet."</span></p><p><span>"It's way too early to know who is going to end up taking over Hanjin's Subic shipyard," Greg Poling, director of the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told Business Insider, noting that investors from Japan and Singapore have also reportedly expressed interest.</span></p><p><em>Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/navy-weighs-p-8-poseidon-deployment-to-alaska-to-track-russia-china-2018-12" data-analytics-position="15">The US Navy is thinking about sending advanced sub-hunting planes to Alaska to keep a closer eye on Russia and China</a></em></p><p><span>The shipyard "would be a far cry from a naval base," Poling added, "but it would undoubtedly raise some concerns in the security sectors in both Manila and Washington. There would be worries over potential intelligence gathering by Chinese entities targeting the nearby Port of Subic Bay, including the regular visits by US naval vessels."</span></p><p><span>But the facility isn't a port, Poling said, and the ability to build commercial vessels there wouldn't "necessarily translate into any greater access for visiting Chinese ships." </span></p><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c3e09e9bd77305d3f38b86f-1400/ap06101702485.jpg" border="0" alt="US Marine Humvee Subic Bay Philippines" data-mce-source="AP Photo" data-mce-caption="A US Marine guides a Humvee off amphibious assault ship USS Essex at Subic Bay, October 17, 2006" /><p class="source"><span>AP Photo</span></p><p class="caption">A US Marine guides a Humvee off amphibious assault ship USS Essex at Subic Bay, October 17, 2006</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><p><span>Beijing's <a href="https://www.voanews.com/a/china-picks-philippine-port-to-extend-belt-and-road-into-south-seas/4636932.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">interest</a> in the small deep-water port at Davao City in the southern Philippines - part of its sprawling <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/belt-and-road-spending-and-growing-debt-cause-for-concern-in-china-2018-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Belt and Road Initiative</a> - could be more concerning, potentially leading to dual use by commercial and military ships.</span></p><p><span>Duterte comes from a powerful family in Davao, and was mayor there prior to taking office in 2016, after which he expressed interest in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-trip-to-china-expectations-and-dangers-2016-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">better ties with China</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-philippines-duterte-rails-at-us-monkeys-for-halting-gun-sale-2016-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spurned</a> longstanding ties between the US and the Philippines, who are bound by a <a href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/phil001.asp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mutual defense treaty</a>.</span></p><p><em>Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-is-beefing-up-its-navy-to-counter-chinas-powerful-fleet-2018-12" data-analytics-position="1">India is beefing up its navy to counter China's increasingly powerful fleet</a></em></p><p><span>"The Chinese are dangling money, but Filipinos are mainly loyal to the US," Patricio Abinales, an expert on the Philippines at the University of Hawaii, <a href="https://www.stripes.com/news/pair-of-chinese-firms-eye-subic-bay-shipyard-causing-alarm-in-the-philippines-1.564337" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told Stars and Stripes</a>. "There's sentimental loyalty of Filipinos about Subic, but probably Duterte will just ignore that."</span></p><p><span>But US-Philippine ties <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-rodrigo-duterte-us-philippine-relationship-issues-tension-2017-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">have improved</a> since 2016, and the nature of the two countries' longstanding relationship likely</span><span> means Chinese forces won't be taking station in Subic Bay any time soon, Poling said.</span></p><p><span>"Ship visits are not the same as a base," he said, "and there is little to no chance that the Philippines would accept a Chinese military presence, for legal and political reasons."</span></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-kim-jong-un-scariest-dictators-2016-1">North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un is 35 - here's how he became one of the world's scariest dictators</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/nyjbDyJ4-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

Chinese companies have their eyes on what used to be the US Navy's biggest base in the Pacific

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a4bae26b0bcd51c198b79d7-2000/donald trump hr mcmaster rex tillerson.jpg" border="0" alt="Donald Trump H.R. McMaster Rex Tillerson" data-mce-source="REUTERS/Bullit Marquez/Pool" data-mce-caption="U.S. President Donald Trump gestures with both hands as he talks about his 12-day Asian tour that brought him to five countries in Asia, with the final stop in the Philippines for 31st ASEAN Summit Tuesday, November 14, 2017 in Manila, Philippines. At left is National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster and at right is State Secretary Rex Tillerson." /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Bullit Marquez/Pool</span></p><p class="caption">President Donald Trump with McMaster and Tillerson, both gone now.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Experts say President Donald Trump's recent cabinet moves reveal that he's more confident, sick of conventional wisdom, and will now go with his gut.</strong></li><li><strong>Trump's instincts seem to call for outright war or trade war with a number of countries.</strong></li><li><strong>With Trump's cabinet now stocked with hawks, the US doesn't lack for credibility when it comes to threats of military action.</strong></li></ul><hr /><p><br />President Donald Trump announced on Thursday that he would replace his National Security Adviser, H.R. McMaster, a noted hawk, with the even more hawkish former US ambassador to the UN, John Bolton.</p><p>Just one week earlier, he replaced his Secretary of State Rex Tillerson with CIA Director Mike Pompeo. </p><p>"With Pompeo and Bolton, Trump will have two new members of his team who share his hawkish take on foreign policy,"  the <a href="http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/mcmaster-out-bolton-in" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atlantic Council wrote</a> in response to the recent moves. </p><p>Across the board, experts seem to agree that Trump now feels empowered to free himself from the conventional wisdom that tempered his instincts throughout his first year in office, and is ready to shoot from the hip.</p><p><span>Trump is "sick and tired of people who work for him resisting his policy agenda," Andy Surabian, a former special assistant to Trump and deputy White House strategist, <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-white-house-administration-loyalists-tillerson-cohn-2018-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">previously told Business Insider.</a></span></p><p>Trump's staff moves show he is "increasingly confident in his own judgment, irritated at being corralled for traditional (=sensible) policies by nat sec team" Institute of International Strategic Studies Deputy Director <a href="https://twitter.com/KoriSchake/status/977110580527091712" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kori Schake tweeted</a>. Trump now intends "to carry out his campaign promises. Buckle up, it's going to be a bumpy ride."</p><p>"The combination of [Bolton] and Pompeo will be like putting gasoline on the Trump dumpster fire... Make no mistake: this is the makings of a war cabinet" <a href="https://twitter.com/kellymagsamen/status/977002107764117504" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kelly Magsamen</a>, the vice president of the National Security and International Policy at the Center for American Progress tweeted.</p><h2><span>Trade war, outright war now a real possibility with China</span></h2><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a7317bb85cdd41d008b460d-1500/trump china visit opera.jpg" border="0" alt="trump china visit opera" data-mce-source="Jonathan Ernst/Reuters" data-mce-caption="U.S. President Donald Trump, U.S. first lady Melania, China's President Xi Jinping and China's First Lady Peng Liyuan watch an opera performance at the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, November 8, 2017. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst" /><p class="source"><span>Jonathan Ernst/Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">U.S. President Donald Trump, U.S. first lady Melania, China's President Xi Jinping and China's First Lady Peng Liyuan watch an opera performance at the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, November 8, 2017. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><p><span>While confrontations stemming from nuclear ambitions in North Korea and Iran have loomed for some time, Trump's personal instinct drives him towards picking a fight with the world's most populous nation and second-largest economy - China.</span></p><p><span>Trump's recent moves on tariffs, that caused his <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/larry-kudlow-replace-gary-cohn-trump-top-economic-adviser-2018-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Economic Council directory Gary Cohn to leave the White House</a>, have been seen as kicking off a trade war.</span></p><p><span>But another Trump instinct, reaching out to Taiwan, the most sensitive issue for Beijing, just got another major boost. Trump recently signed the Taiwan Travel Act, legislation to permit high-level talks between US and Taiwanese officials, <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-signs-taiwan-order-despite-warnings-from-china-2018-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">something that China called a "red line."</a></span><span></span></p><p><span>"We must strike back against Washington's implementation of the Taiwan Travel Act," an editorial in Chinese state-run media said of the bill. </span></p><p><span>And, unlike advisers past, don't expect Bolton to hold Trump back from going after China.</span></p><p><span>"Bolton has long supported regime change in North Korea and closer ties with Taiwan. Fasten your seat belts," Bonnie Glaser, a China expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2138520/hr-mcmaster-steps-down-donald-trumps-national" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told the South China Morning Post</a>. </span></p><p><span>Pressuring China had been a central pillar of Trump's campaign and platform for years. Before even taking office, <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-phone-call-to-taiwan-likely-to-infuriate-china-2016-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump accepted a phone call with Taiwanese president Tsai Ying Wen</a>, breaking with decades of tradition and sparking an outraged Chinese reaction.</span></p><p><span>Experts seem to think Trump's instinct to rile China will remain, and could bring about conflicts which were previously unimaginable. </span></p><p>"We should also expect an even more confrontational approach to China - a trade war may just be the beginning of a broader geopolitical competition," <span>Abraham Denmark, deputy assistant secretary of defence for East Asia under former President Barack Obama told SCMP.</span></p><h2>Iran, North Korea hawks to the forefront</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/55e153b6bd86ef1d008b6cdd-2000/ap815005886397.jpg" border="0" alt="Iran nuclear" data-mce-source="AP Photo/Iranian Presidency Office, Mohammad Berno" data-mce-caption="In this photo released by the Iranian Presidency Office, President Hassan Rouhani, left, speaks as he is accompanied by the head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization Ali Akbar Salehi on a visit to the Bushehr nuclear power plant." /><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Iranian Presidency Office, Mohammad Berno</span></p><p class="caption">In this photo released by the Iranian Presidency Office, President Hassan Rouhani, left, speaks as he is accompanied by the head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization Ali Akbar Salehi on a visit to the Bushehr nuclear power plant.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Among Trump's campaign promises is tearing up the Iran deal, something which his new adviser Bolton not only supports, but actually exceeds in hawkishness by <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/26/opinion/to-stop-irans-bomb-bomb-iran.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">advocating for military strikes on the country</a>.</p><p><span>"President Trump made this move to bring on a more like-minded adviser. This means the constraints keeping US foreign policy toward the mainstream are now greatly loosened. Buckle up: US foreign and national security policy are about to get far more assertive," <a href="http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/mcmaster-out-bolton-in" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote Barry Pavel</a>, senior vice president, Arnold Kanter chair, and director of the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council. </span></p><p><span>Similarly, Trump is set to meet with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un by May, but Bolton has already <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-bolton-tweets-factbox/factbox-want-to-know-how-bolton-will-advise-trump-read-his-tweets-idUSKBN1GY3E3?utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&amp;utm_content=5ab4852204d301716ec96e26&amp;utm_medium=trueAnthem&amp;utm_source=twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">declared the talks will be "fruitless"</a> and has written an article making a <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-legal-case-for-striking-north-korea-first-1519862374?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosam&amp;stream=top-stories" target="_blank" rel="noopener">legal case</a> for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/trumps-likely-mcmaster-replacement-really-wants-to-bomb-north-korea-john-bolton-2018-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bombing North Korea</a>. </span></p><h2><span>Peace through strength?</span></h2><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/55f95370bd86ef1a008ba9b7-2400/rts1asg.jpg" border="0" alt="trump trump trump trump" data-mce-source="Reuters" data-mce-caption="Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump speaks on the USS Iowa in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, United States September 15, 2015." /><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump speaks on the USS Iowa in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, United States September 15, 2015.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><p><span>One of <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/01/hr-mcmaster-trump-north-korea/549341/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">McMaster's core beliefs</a>, as expressed through his writing and speeches, was that the US had lost credibility in the world stage because bad actors like Iran and North Korea no longer believed the US would initiate military action over anything less than an outright military strike. </span></p><p><span>As a result, Iran has funded terror groups and anti-US and anti-Israeli militias across the Middle East. It has <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/iran-keeps-trying-crash-us-ships-aircraft-2017-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">harassed the US Navy </a>and sought to undermine US foreign policy at every pass. North Korea stands accused of exporting goods to bolster Syria's chemical and nascent nuclear weapons programs while imprisoning US citizens and killing South Koreans. China has contravened international law by building and militarizing islands in the South China Sea - all without a strong US response.</span></p><p><span>It's worthwhile to note that McMaster himself wasn't short on hawkishness, as he was <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tillerson-mattis-trump-north-korea-strike-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">often reported to be pushing for a limited strike on North Korea.</a></span></p><p><span>"With a national security team of Trump, Bolton, Pompeo, and [Secretary of <keyword id="6354810" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="defense">Defense</keyword> Jim] Mattis, America will not have a credibility problem when it comes to threats to use military force," said Matthew Kroenig, deputy director in the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council. <br /></span></p><p><span>With the US's uppermost foreign and military policy professionals all seemingly in line with Trump's hawkish thinking, it looks his instincts will now take center stage. </span></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-russia-is-so-involved-in-the-syrian-civil-war-2018-3">Why Russia is so involved in the Syrian Civil War</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/nh1YShZl-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

Trump is now more confident, unleashed to do what he wants - and it looks like war on all fronts

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientist Katalin Karikó struggled for years to convince colleagues that messenger <keyword id="130094" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="RNA">RNA</keyword> could have disease-fighting applications in humans.</li><li>In 2005, she found a way to configure <keyword id="2667287" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="mRNA">mRNA</keyword> so that it slipped past the body's natural defenses — a discovery that paved for the way for the world's first mRNA vaccines.</li><li>The COVID-19 vaccines from both Pfizer-BioNTech and <keyword id="4912868" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="moderna">Moderna</keyword> rely on this technology.</li><li><keyword id="44612" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Pfizer">Pfizer</keyword>'s vaccine was authorized Friday for emergency use in the US.</li></ul><p style="text-align: left;">When biochemist Katalin Karikó first entered the US with her husband and 2-year-old daughter, she had no cell phone or credit card. </p><p style="text-align: left;">"It was a one-way ticket," she told Business Insider. "We didn't know anybody."</p><p style="text-align: left;">It was 1985. The family was moving from Hungary to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, so Karikó could take a postdoctoral position at Temple University. They were only permitted to exchange $100, but Karikó found a workaround: She hid extra cash - £900 British pounds - in her daughter's teddy bear. The money had come from selling the family's car on the black market.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In a way, Karikó's entire career has been based on this kind of clever solution. In 2005, she discovered a way to configure messenger RNA - a molecule that kickstarts the production of proteins - so that it slipped past the body's natural defenses, unannounced. </p><p style="text-align: left;">That paved the way for what has recently turned out to be one of modern <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword>'s greatest achievements: the world's first mRNA vaccines.</p><p>Karikó, now 65, oversees mRNA protein replacement at <keyword id="3124139" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="BioNTech">BioNTech</keyword>, a German biotech firm that developed a <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> vaccine in partnership with US pharma giant Pfizer. That vaccine has now been authorized in the UK, Canada, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the US. Karikó's work also inspired the founding of Moderna, the US biotech company developing a competing coronavirus shot.</p><p>Both vaccines use mRNA to deliver a coded message to the body that triggers an immune response. And so far, both have been found to be highly effective at preventing COVID-19: Pfizer and BioNTech's two-shot regimen was found to be 95% effective, while Moderna's was shown to be 94.5% effective. Moderna's vaccine could be approved in the US later this month.</p><p>Many scientists expect both vaccines' efficacy rates to go down a bit once they get administered to the general public, but the results so far have been far better than most experts anticipated.</p><p style="text-align: left;">For Karikó, though, the success came after a long fight.</p><h2>'Everybody rejected it'</h2><p>Karikó's first mRNA-therapy grant application was rejected in 1990, a year after she joined the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania. Then came more rejections, one after another.</p><p>"I kept writing and improving the approach - better RNA, better delivery," Karikó said. "I came up with applications and so on, tried to get to government funding, private funding from investors, but everybody rejected it."</p><div type="image" title="1989 Kariko " height="1164" width="1161" msid="79669389" hostid="261"></div>Karikó was demoted to an adjunct position in 1995. Around the same time, she was diagnosed with cancer. Her husband, meanwhile, was held up in Hungary due to a visa issue, and wound up staying away six months. <p>Still, Karikó kept pursuing her research.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Her studies of RNA built on the work of scientists at the University of Wisconsin and biotech company Vical Incorporated, who'd figured out how to manufacture mRNA so it would instruct living cells to make specific proteins. Those studies, conducted around 1990, laid the foundation for the future COVID-19 vaccines. </p><p style="text-align: left;">These new vaccines use a small piece of mRNA from the coronavirus genome to tell the body to produce the virus' spike protein. That's the part that helps the coronavirus attach to and invade cells, and it's what the immune system targets in its response. So when the body detects the protein's presence, it develops antibodies to neutralize it, resulting in protection against the virus.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Unlike more traditional shots, mRNA vaccines stimulate the production of killer T cells, which stop the coronavirus from replicating. The vaccines are also relatively easy and quick to produce, since they're made in test tubes or tanks rather than cultivated in cells.</p><div type="image" title="how mRNA vaccines work infographic" height="2534" width="1876" msid="79669391" hostid="261"></div><p>But in order to make a successful mRNA vaccine in the first place, Karikó had to overcome a major roadblock: the approach was triggering a dangerous immune response in mice. </p><h2>A prize-worthy discovery</h2><p>Karikó had found that when lab-made mRNA was injected on its own, the body would recognize it as a foreign invader and destroy it right away, before it could trigger the protein-making process. Studies in mice showed the process could even lead to an inflammatory response that would risk a patient's health. So researchers had to trick the body into believing that lab-made mRNA didn't pose a threat.</p><p>Karikó worked for years to find a solution. Her workdays usually started at 6:00 a.m., and she worked some weekends and holidays - even slept in the office occasionally. </p><p>"From outside, it seemed crazy, struggling, but I was happy in the lab," she said. "My husband always, even today, says, 'This is entertainment for you.' I don't say that I go to work. It is like play."</p><p>At the same time, Karikó was raising a future Olympic athlete. Her daughter, Susan Francia, won gold medals on the US rowing team in 2008 and 2012. Karikó's post at UPenn enabled her to send Susan to college there for a quarter of the regular tuition.</p><p>"I said, 'Never in my life could I afford that, so no matter what I have to stay on the job,'" Karikó said. </p><div type="image" title="kariko with daughter london.JPG" height="2842" width="2592" msid="79669392" hostid="261"></div><p>Then in 1997, Karikó met Drew Weissman, an immunologist who'd just joined the university. They got to chatting while sharing a photocopy machine, then began working together to address the mRNA immune-response problem.</p><p>The culprit turned out to be a single RNA building block, or nucleoside, called uridine. With a slight modification to that nucleoside, Karikó and Weissman were able to stop the dangerous reaction in mice. </p><p>When she realized it was working, Karikó said, "I just repeated my experiment because I thought I messed up." </p><p>But it wasn't a mistake - the pair <a href="https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2005/august/penn-study-finds-a-new-role">published the finding in 2005</a>. Some scientists now think that it's worthy of a Nobel Prize.</p><p>"If anyone asks me whom to vote for some day down the line, I would put them front and center," Derrick Rossi, a professor at Harvard Medical School, <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/10/the-story-of-mrna-how-a-once-dismissed-idea-became-a-leading-technology-in-the-covid-vaccine-race/">told STAT and The Boston Globe</a>. "That fundamental discovery is going to go into medicines that help the world."</p><h2>A novel delivery system </h2><p>Even after Karikó's discovery, researchers still had to figure out how to stop the body from breaking down mRNA too quickly for it to be effective.</p><p>"There's two parts that make mRNA a success," Robert Langer, a biomedical engineering professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a co-founder of Moderna, told Business Insider. "Developing better mRNAs and then developing better ways to deliver it."</p><p>Langer, too, faced pushback for discoveries that later proved key to mRNA vaccines. In 1976, he <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/263797a0">published a paper</a> showing that when nucleic acids like DNA and RNA were encased in various polymers, the polymers would release the acids without triggering an inflammatory response.</p><p>The paper received widespread criticism. People didn't believe the results.</p><p>"It was the first time anybody put nucleic acids into tiny particles and showed you could use them for delivery," Langer said. "The reason why people were so upset and thought it was wrong - they felt, 'How could a big molecule get out of a package?' It's like walking through a wall."</p><p>The technology, as it turns out, paved the way for groundbreaking drug delivery methods like the ones used to send chemotherapy to a tumor site. Current mRNA coronavirus vaccines similarly use a lipid molecule to help mRNA cross the cell membrane. </p><div type="image" title="robert langer" height="3714" width="5610" msid="79669394" hostid="261"></div><p>"Over the years, that's a lot of what I did is develop better and better drug delivery systems," Langer said. </p><p>In 2010, Rossi and fellow Harvard Medical School professor Timothy Springer approached Langer about forming a company based on mRNA therapy, inspired by Karikó and Weissman's work. Langer was in. </p><p>"I don't know that it was rocket science to figure out that it would be a big deal," he said.</p><p>The three scientists, along with cardiovascular scientist Kenneth Chien, co-founded Moderna - named after "modified RNA."</p><p>"One of the big obstacles for all these things has been the delivery part," Langer said. "That was the part I felt like I could make a difference in."</p><h2>A patent tug-of-war</h2><p>Karikó and Weissman filed a patent for their work shortly after their research was published. When the patent was originally submitted, Karikó's name was listed second. But she fought to get first billing. </p><p>"I said, 'No, it was my idea,'" she said. "I insisted - change it back."</p><p>Her insistence was, perhaps, a reaction to sexism she'd faced earlier in her career. Once, Karikó said, she was asked for the name of her supervisor while running her own lab. She was referred to as "Mrs." in an article in which her male colleagues were given the title "professor." Another article confused her as a postdoc in Weissman's lab. </p><p>"I don't work in anybody's lab," Karikó said. "I created my own field."</p><p>Armed with their patent, Karikó and Weissman formed an mRNA-based drug company called RNARx, but it didn't get far off the ground. In 2010, the University of Pennsylvania sold the exclusive license to Karikó and Weissman's patent to Gary Dahl, the head of a lab supply company called Cellscript.</p><p>Shortly after, Karikó was approached by Flagship Pioneering, the venture capital company backing Moderna. It was also interested in her license - but it was too late.</p><div type="image" title="A sign marks the headquarters of Moderna Therapeutics, which is developing a vaccine against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S., May 18, 2020.   REUTERS/Brian Snyder" height="3468" width="4569" msid="79669395" hostid="261"></div><p>Without access to the patent, Moderna was tasked with finding its own modified nucleoside that could replicate Karikó's results. The company <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/polopoly_fs/1.17674!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/522026a.pdf?origin=ppub">received a patent</a> for that nucleoside, among others, in 2014.</p><p>As Langer put it: "All science is built on other science."</p><h2>The end of a decades-long journey</h2><p>Competition in the mRNA field continued to grow. By 2013, Moderna's research was gaining traction - the company <a href="https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2013/astrazeneca-moderna-therapeutics-cardio-metabolic-diseases-cancer-treatment-21032013.html#!">received $240 million from the UK drug company AstraZeneca</a> to find, develop, and commercialize mRNA treatments for cardiometabolic diseases and cancer.</p><p>Karikó wanted a new way to enter the ring. After UPenn declined to promote her to a faculty role in 2013, she joined BioNTech as senior vice president. <a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mrna-coronavirus-vaccine-pfizer-biontech">Karikó told Wired</a> that UPenn faculty said they'd "concluded that I was not of faculty quality."</p><p>"When I told them I was leaving, they laughed at me and said, 'BioNTech doesn't even have a website,'" she said.</p><p>In 2017, <a>Karikó</a>, along with several other researchers at BioNTech and the University of Pennsylvania, showed that an <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21428">mRNA vaccine protected mice and monkeys</a> against the Zika virus.</p><p>That work required her to live in Germany, while her husband stayed in Philadelphia.</p><p>"I told him, 'I'll just go until the first person will be injected with modified RNA.' Then I said, 'You know, I want to see that person be cured,'" Karikó said. "Now I can come home."</p><p>Indeed, the Pfizer-BioNTech injection is the first mRNA vaccine ever authorized. Moderna's shot is poised to become the second. The company has never gotten a vaccine approved, though it had entered eight mRNA vaccines into clinical trials before the pandemic, including <a href="https://www.biospace.com/article/moderna-releases-phase-i-data-from-2-influenza-trials/">a flu vaccine</a>.</p><p>"When people are saying, 'There is no messenger RNA vaccine that's ever been,' it is very critical and very important to know that not because it failed," Karikó said. "It just didn't have time to be advanced by many people."</p><p>Neither she nor Langer were surprised when two mRNA vaccines proved successful at preventing COVID-19. </p><p>"It followed the path of things that we'd already done before," Langer said, adding, "it was a high likelihood that it would work, but there's nothing like seeing the data."</p><p>Like Karikó, Langer sees this vaccine as the culmination of his life's work.</p><p>"The other things I did were sort of the start of the journey," he said. "This is, for me, close to the end where you actually see a human validation, that something that you've contributed to is going to really change the world."</p><p>Yet even at a career high, both Langner and Karikó celebrated only modestly. After receiving the good <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> about Moderna's vaccine trials, Langer said he spent his day like most others: talking to his students and Moderna employees on Zoom.</p><p>Karikó said she got the call about the Pfizer-BioNTech results the night before they were publicly announced. Afterward, she treated herself to a bag of chocolate-covered peanuts.</p><p>"I told my husband, I will eat the whole thing now," she said.</p>

BioNTech scientist Katalin Karikó risked her career to develop mRNA vaccines. Americans will start getting her coronavirus shot on Monday.

<img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/57e84921b0ef9737018b8192-2400/ap16261549022182.jpg" alt="FARC rebels Colombia peace plan demobilization" /><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Ricardo Mazalan</span></p><p class="caption">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, FARC, rebels at the inauguration of their 10th conference in Yari Plains, southern Colombia, September 17, 2016.</p><p>Colombia's peace process with the left-wing rebel group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, is stumbling forward.</p><p>FARC rebels recently announced they had <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-colombias-farc-rebels-say-30-of-arms-handed-in-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">turned in 30%</a> of their weapons, but the deadline for those turnovers, originally the end of May, has been <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-colombia-and-farc-rebels-extend-weapon-hand-in-deadline-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">extended by 20 days</a> because of construction delays and other issues hindering the demobilization process.</p><p>As the FARC leaves the battlefield, a number of problems have cropped up.</p><p>Production of coca, the main ingredient in cocaine, is up considerably <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/colombia-top-cocaine-producing-countries-record-production-2017-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">for a variety of reasons</a>. Violence in <a href="https://colombiareports.com/un-envoy-calls-colombias-social-leaders-maximum-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">certain parts</a> of the country has continued or increased as well, as criminal groups and dissident rebel factions <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-illegal-mining-drug-violence-fuel-colombia-displacement-un-2015-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">jockey for control</a> of territory vacated by the FARC.</p><p>The Colombian government has tried to crack down on the groups driving the killing, but they've put police and the military under fire in a style reminiscent of Pablo Escobar, adding to the body count.</p><p>Chief among those groups is Los Urabeños, also known as the Gulf clan, the most powerful of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/colombia-criminal-cartel-world-changes-after-pablo-escobar-was-killed-2017-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Colombia's third-generation criminal groups</a> and likely the only one <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-sinaloa-cartel-global-cocaine-trade" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">with a truly national reach</a>.</p><p>Colombia has <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-colombia-police-say-closing-in-on-top-drug-gang-boss-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dispatched 1,000 officers</a> to scour northwest Colombia, often in Black Hawk helicopters. The government says it's closing in on the group's 45-year-old leader, Dario Antonio Usuga, aka Otoniel, who reportedly has to change locations <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-colombia-police-say-closing-in-on-top-drug-gang-boss-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">every three hours</a>. (Otoniel, however, has eluded capture for years.)</p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5939da13bf76bb94008b47f8-2400/ap17151712364174.jpg" alt="Colombia Antioquia Gulf clan Los Urabenos drug trafficking gang" /><p class="source"><span>(AP Photo/Fernando Vergara)</span></p><p class="caption">Anti-narcotic Police Commander Gen. Jose Mendoza throws leaflets from an helicopter over Apartado, Colombia, May 31, 2017. The leaflets call for information regarding coca labs, members of Colombia's largest illegal organization the Gulf Clan, and information on those who have killed police officers.</p><p>"We have him within striking distance," Jose Angel Mendoza, head of the anti-narcotics police division, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-colombia-police-say-closing-in-on-top-drug-gang-boss-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">told AFP</a> earlier this month. "He has had to run for it at the last second, more than once."</p><p>Colombian officials have dropped leaflets offering a reward for information about Otoniel from helicopters over northwestern Antioquia, the gang's home turf whose capital, Medellin, was <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/colombian-government-against-pablo-escobar-2015-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">once the redoubt of Pablo Escobar's eponymous cartel</a>.</p><p>The US State Department has offered a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-colombia-police-say-closing-in-on-top-drug-gang-boss-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">$5 million reward</a> based on a 2009 indictment in a New York court, calling Los Urabeños <span>"a heavily armed, extremely violent criminal organization comprised of former members of terrorist organizations." Colombian authorities have offered a reward of <a href="http://www.lafm.com.co/orden-publico/plan-pistola-del-clan-del-golfo-deja-policia-asesinado-segovia-antioquia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">nearly $7,000</a> for information on the killings.</span></p><p><span>Police also say they've killed 52 of the gang's leaders this year and arrested 1,300 of its members. The effort has reportedly reduced the gang to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">1,500 members</a> - half its size in 2010.</span></p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5798ff9c4321f11b008bb583-2400/rtsd7qw.jpg" alt="Los Urabenos Colombia drug gang cartels Medellin" /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Fredy Builes</span></p><p class="caption">A solider and a policeman patrol near a bus, which local authorities said was burned by Los Urabenos gang members, in Medellin, April 1, 2016.</p><p>But Los Urabeños is fighting back.</p><p>Taking a page from Escobar's playbook, the gang - responsible for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-colombia-police-say-closing-in-on-top-drug-gang-boss-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">70% of the cocaine</a> production in Colombia, which produced 646 metric tons of the drug in 2015 - is targeting the police, cutting down officers in the streets in a campaign reminiscent of Escobar's vicious fight against the state in the early 1990s.</p><p>Targeted killings of police date back to March, and have been <a href="http://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/policias-en-la-mira-del-clan-del-golfo-y-el-eln-AC6477288" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">attributed</a> in part to the National Liberation Army, another left-wing rebel group present in the country.</p><p>Los Urabeños appears to be responsible for many of the more recent police killings. During May, Los Urabeños gave out leaflets <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">calling for the killing of police</a>, and police-intelligence officials believe the group is offering <a href="http://www.lafm.com.co/orden-publico/plan-pistola-del-clan-del-golfo-deja-policia-asesinado-segovia-antioquia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">nearly $700</a> for each death. Police <a href="http://www.elcolombiano.com/antioquia/seguridad/los-urabenos-desataron-plan-pistola-en-antioquia-AJ6469345" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">have said</a> the killings are in retaliation for law-enforcement action against the group.</p><p>Eleven police <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">were killed</a> throughout May, most of them on patrol. The killings have taken place around the country but mainly in the north around Antioquia and along the Panamanian border.</p><p>The killing spree has been compared to the "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pistol plan</a>," a campaign devised by Escobar to put pressure on the government in the early 1990s. Even the governor of Antioquia, <span>Luis Perez, has <a href="http://www.lafm.com.co/orden-publico/plan-pistola-del-clan-del-golfo-deja-policia-asesinado-segovia-antioquia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">drawn a comparison</a> between the current violence and that of Escobar's time.</span></p><p><span></span></p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5939dcf6bf76bb72038b47b0-2400/rtxyn08.jpg" alt="Medellin Pablo Escobar FARC Colombia" /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Albeiro Lopera</span></p><p class="caption">A sign comparing Pablo Escobar, left, with FARC leader and chief negotiator Ivan Marquez in Medellin, April 15, 2013. It was part of the campaign of presidential candidate Francisco Santos, reading, "Guess who has killed more policemen? We want peace without impunity. Francisco Santos."</p><p><span>Escobar leveraged the networks of corruption he had established in Medellin to suss out the identities of officers sent to the city to dismantle his organization, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/colombian-government-against-pablo-escobar-2015-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">killing dozens of them</a> on the street or in front of their families. </span>By the end of 1992, Escobar upped the ante by offering <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Killing-Pablo-Worlds-Greatest-Outlaw/dp/0802123783" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">a $2,000 bounty</a> for Medellin cops.</p><p>Not content with shootings, Escobar <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Killing-Pablo-Worlds-Greatest-Outlaw/dp/0802123783" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dispatched car bombs</a>; a massive one exploded outside a stadium in the city on December 2, killing 10 police and three civilians. At the end of the month, authorities found another massive car bomb outside the national police's provincial headquarters.</p><p>By the time Escobar himself was gunned down in December 1993, hundreds of Colombian police had been slain.</p><p>"In Colombia, every time a criminal group turns to killing police, they do it as a desperate measure," Vice President Oscar Naranjo, who battled the nation's drug cartels as national police chief, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">told the Associated Press</a> in May.</p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/55fddcbabd86ef10008bba10-1150/2-escobars-pablo-escobar-1150x737.jpg" alt="Pablo Escobar soccer charity" /><p class="source"><span>"Sins of My Father"</span></p><p>State pressure on Los Urabeños has intensified as well. In late May, the national police reported <a href="http://www.bluradio.com/nacion/policia-ha-capturado-35-integrantes-de-clan-del-golfo-por-plan-pistola-141475" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">arresting 35 members</a> of the gang who were involved in police killings.</p><p>Around the same time, Colombian authorities reported capturing a gang leader known as "El Boyaco," who is <a href="http://www.elpais.com.co/judicial/capturan-a-presunto-narco-que-estaria-financiando-plan-pistola-del-clan-del-golfo.html?utm_content=bufferb1b70&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=twitter.com&amp;utm_campaign=buffer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">suspected of financing</a> the campaign against police.</p><p>While Escobar was not a rebel or an insurgent, his campaign did have the political objective of getting the government to relent in its efforts to capture or kill his cartel's members and to secure an agreement not to extradite them to the US. The FARC, both insurgents and traffickers, had designs on remaking Colombia's political system.</p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/58d59cedd349f9ee2d8b6b88-2400/rtr2cc28.jpg" alt="Colombia cocaine shipment seizure" /><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Carlo Julio Martinez</span></p><p class="caption">A Colombian intelligence services (DAS) officer arranges packages of cocaine in Cali, April 1, 2010.</p><p>Los Urabeños don't appear to have aspirations for their deadly campaign beyond getting the police off their backs.</p><p>"Unlike what we have seen in the past, these groups don't have defined political objectives," Jorge Restrepo, director of the Conflict Analysis Resource Center in Bogota, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">told the AP</a>.</p><p>Despite police success in capturing or killing its leaders, however, the gang appears to be <a href="http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/colombia-govt-claims-success-against-urabenos-but-group-remains-strong" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">extending its reach</a> in Colombia's prime trafficking territory, and continued seizures of large quantities of cocaine - like 6 metric tons of it seized in April in what was then Colombia's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-colombian-police-seize-more-than-six-tonnes-of-cocaine-2017-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">third-largest bust ever</a> - indicate the gang still has the ability to move vast amounts of the drugs.</p><p><span>Los Urabeños' deadly campaign has fallen far short of the one mounted by Escobar, but for the Colombians affected by it, more drug-related bloodshed underscores the emptiness of the peace promised by the FARC's demobilization.</span></p><p><span>"Look how everything is," Jennifer Macias, who police-officer husband was gunned down in May, weeks after his 35th birthday, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-drug-gangs-take-aim-at-police-officers-amid-coca-crackdown-2017-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">told the AP</a>. "The peace is useless."</span></p>            <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/us-coast-guard-bust-1-billion-worth-cocaine-2017-3">Here's what $1 billion worth of cocaine looks like</a></h3>                                    Please enable Javascript to watch this video                    

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