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The recent tragic case of a rape and murder of a young doctor in Kolkata has ignited a significant public outcry, reminiscent of the outrage that followed the 2012 <keyword id="19901153" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nirbhaya" source="keywords">Nirbhaya</keyword> case. This incident, which took place at the RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, has highlighted persistent issues in <keyword id="19996463" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="womens-safety" source="keywords">women's safety</keyword> in India, even in professional environments. In the incident’s aftermath, the government has since announced several measures aimed at improving women's safety. These include the development of a downloadable mobile app with an alarm, improved ratio of male to female security staff at workplaces and night patrolling in medical colleges, hospitals and women’s hostels. Similar steps aimed at improving the security of women are often introduced after such incidents reach the national stage. Let’s look at some of them. <h2><keyword id="20417344" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirbhaya-Fund" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Nirbhaya Fund" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Nirbhaya Fund">Nirbhaya Fund</keyword>, <keyword id="22852372" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fast-track-courts" source="keywords">fast-track courts</keyword>, <keyword id="22852371" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Disha-Act" source="keywords">Disha Act</keyword> and more</h2>The Nirbhaya incident in 2012 compelled the <keyword id="19909268" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-government" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian government" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Indian government">Indian government</keyword> to establish the Justice Verma Committee, led by former Chief Justice J.S. Verma. This committee helped amend the Criminal Law Act by 2013, which introduced more stringent penalties for sexual offences, including the death penalty for repeat offenders, and criminalised new offences such as stalking, voyeurism, and acid attacks. The act also mandated faster trials in <keyword id="20840899" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rape-cases" source="keywords">rape cases</keyword> by establishing fast-track courts to ensure that justice was not delayed. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112643793" title="Kolkata doctor rape and murder case: Supreme Court tells CBI to file report by August 22" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Alongside these legal changes, the government created the Nirbhaya Fund in 2013, a dedicated fund aimed at implementing initiatives to enhance women’s safety. This fund has been used to finance various projects, including emergency response systems, installation of CCTV cameras in public places, and the establishment of one-stop centers where survivors of <keyword id="20335626" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sexual-violence" source="keywords">sexual violence</keyword> can access medical, legal, and psychological support. However, the fight against sexual violence in India did not end with the Nirbhaya case. Several other high-profile incidents have since highlighted ongoing challenges and prompted further reforms. In 2018, the Kathua rape case, where an 8-year-old girl was brutally gang-raped and murdered, led to the government amending the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, introducing the death penalty for the rape of children below 12 years of age. The Unnao rape case in 2017, involving a sitting MLA from Uttar Pradesh, underscored the issue of political influence in crimes against women. The victim and her family faced harassment and threats, which highlighted the need for better protection for victims and witnesses in such cases. The MLA was eventually convicted in 2019, and the case led to increased calls for accountability and transparency in handling cases involving powerful individuals. Another case that shook the nation was the Hyderabad rape and murder case in 2019. The brutal killing of a young veterinary doctor led to widespread protests, and the subsequent killing of the accused in a police encounter sparked debates about the effectiveness of the legal system and the public's demand for swift justice. In response, the Andhra Pradesh government introduced the Disha Act, which mandates that investigations in rape cases be completed within seven working days, with trials conducted in fast-track courts and judgments delivered within 21 days. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112644728" title="Bengal in state of flux, people lost faith in present government: Governor CV Ananda Bose" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>These incidents have driven significant changes in policing and the judicial system. The government expanded the number of fast-track courts to handle sexual violence cases and improved forensic infrastructure to ensure timely and accurate processing of evidence. Additionally, efforts to make the legal process less traumatic for survivors have included allowing in-camera trials and using video conferencing for testimonies. The government has also expanded the reach of the 181 Women’s Helpline and established more One-Stop Centers (OSCs) across the country. These centers provide integrated services, including medical, legal, and psychological support, to survivors of sexual violence. <h2>Public scrutiny and IMA demands</h2>However, many of these steps have been scrutinised for not being very effective. For instance, as of late 2023, only about 70% of the allocated Nirbhaya Fund has been utilised, with significant amounts directed towards large cities, leaving many areas and initiatives underfunded. Moreover, compensation schemes for victims often face delays, further highlighting the gaps in the system. In response to the recent Kolkata case, there have been calls from various quarters, including the <keyword id="20083252" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Medical-Association" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Medical Association" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Indian Medical Association">Indian Medical Association</keyword> (IMA), for more stringent actions and reforms. The IMA has urged Prime Minister Narendra Modi to intervene and ensure swift justice and better protection for women, especially in professional spaces like hospitals. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112645938" title="Kolkata rape and murder case: Health Ministry writes to heads of Central Govt hospitals to enhance security" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Some of the demands by the IMA include the amendment of a Central Act to better protect healthcare workers, enhancing hospital security to airport levels, improved working conditions and faster investigations in such cases. The Board has also sought for an “appropriate and dignified” compensation for the rape victim’s family. This ongoing situation underscores the need for a more robust and effective system to protect women and deliver justice in India. Despite legal reforms and financial allocations, the rising number of sexual violence cases suggests that more needs to be done at the ground level to ensure the safety and dignity of women across the country.

Nirbhaya Fund to Disha Act: What changes has the Indian govt implemented in response to major rape cases in the past?

<ul><li><keyword id="7960853" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kuldeep-Singh-Senghar">Kuldeep Singh Senghar</keyword> is guilty of plotting the rape of a minor girl along with Shashi Singh, reported Times of India citing CBI. </li><li>The rape survivor, who was 17 years old at the time of the incident, told CBI Shashi Singh took her inside Senghar's residence and gang-raped her. </li><li>The Supreme Court asked the bench to conclude all the judicial proceedings within 45 days. </li></ul>The charges of rape pressed by the 19-year-old girl against the ex-BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Senghar are correct, Central Bureau of Investigation told Delhi High Court. Senghar is guilty of plotting the rape of a minor girl along with Shashi Singh, <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/theres-truth-in-unnao-girls-charges-against-mla-says-cbi/articleshow/70579702.cms">reported</a> Times of India citing CBI. The investigating agency further added that they have sufficient evidence to prove Senghar guilty. The rape survivor, who was 17 years old at the time of the incident, told CBI that Shashi Singh took her inside Senghar's residence, and gang-raped her. A week ago, CBI filed a case against Sengar and eight others for murdering a 19-year-old girl, who accused them of rape, <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/unnao-rape-survivor-accident-cbi-fir-mla-kuldeep-sengar-1575481-2019-07-31">reported</a> India today. Fighting for the right to justice The 19-year old rape survivor l<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms">ost her father and two aunts</a> in her long extended fight for justice. Her father was arrested on an Arms case where he died in custody. CBI <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms"> alleged Senghar</a> of engineering an accident that took place on 28 July which is how two of her aunts died. She and her lawyer were also critically injured. On August 6, s<a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/unnao-rape-survivor-her-lawyer-to-be-shifted-from-up-to-aiims-in-delhi-for-treatment-says-supreme-co-2080443">he was taken</a> off the ventilator and airlifted to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). In a letter she wrote to the Chief Justice of India (CJI) on July 12, the girl had mentioned the possibility of a threat. Unfortunately,<a href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/didnt-receive-letter-from-unnao-rape-survivors-kin-says-cji-gogoi-seeks-report-from-sc-registry-on-delay-2252495.html"> the message reached CJI Ranjan Gogoi</a> on 30 July, two days after she met with an accident. After <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-apex-court-directs-up-state-government-to-grant-25-lakh-as-interim-compensation-to-unnao-rape-survivor/articleshow/70482765.cms">the accident</a>, a bench headed by CJI Ranjan Gogoi also <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-unnao-case-hearing-live-updates-1575940-2019-08-01">transferred </a>the all the five Unnao cases — rape, case on her father under Arms Act, a case on the custodial death of the father, murder case against Kuldeep Sengar, and finally the accident — to Delhi High Court on 1 August 2019. The Supreme Court also the bench to conclude all the judicial proceedings within 45 days. The apex court also issued orders to provide ₹250,000 as interim compensation to <keyword id="490253" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Unnao-rape-case">Unnao rape case</keyword> survivor. In April 2018, a four-time MLA Sengar was <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/unnao-rape-case-fir-against-victim-kin-for-falsely-claiming-she-is-a-minor-1418061-2018-12-27">accused</a> of raping the minor at his place in Makhi village. He is currently in judicial custody. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-apex-court-directs-up-state-government-to-grant-25-lakh-as-interim-compensation-to-unnao-rape-survivor/articleshow/70482765.cms">India’s apex court directs UP state government to grant ₹25 lakh as interim compensation to Unnao rape survivor</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms">A 19-year old Indian rape victim lost her father and nearly lost her life in her fight for justice</a>

Unnao Case: India’s premier investigating agency finds ex-BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Senghar guilty of rape

<ul><li>The Supreme Court has ordered the Uttar Pradesh government to extend ₹250,000 as compensation money to <keyword id="490253" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Unnao-rape-case">Unnao rape case</keyword> survivor. </li><li>It has asked <keyword id="76600" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Central-Reserve-Police-Force">Central Reserve Police Force</keyword> (CRPF) Raebareli unit to provide protection. </li><li>The justice bench headed by CJI <keyword id="245445" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ranjan-Gogoi">Ranjan Gogoi</keyword> also directed the transfer of of the five Unnao cases to Delhi.</li></ul>The Supreme Court directed the Uttar Pradesh government to provide ₹250,000 as interim compensation to Unnao rape case survivor. "We will be failing in duty if we don't grant a compensation," the court <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/unnao-rape-case-sc-directs-compensation-to-survivor-fixes-7-day-deadline-for-truck-accident-probe/articleshow/70479013.cms">said</a>. The apex court also directed the state government to ensure security to the girl, and her lawyer. Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Raebareli unit was asked to provide protection. The rape survivor, two of her aunts and her lawyer were injured in a road accident on Sunday. The Central Bureau of Investigation, on Wednesday filed a case against BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar and eight others on murder charges, alleging that the accident was planned, India Today reported. Sengar was accused of rape by the victim, a year back. The King George Medical University hospital said that the condition of the injured rape survivor is critical. Both the survivor and her lawyer are on ventilator. Both the aunts succumbed to injuries. At a hearing on Wednesday, the SC offered the rape survivor’s family to shift her to AIIMS in Delhi for treatment. The bench headed by CJI Ranjan Gogoi also <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-unnao-case-hearing-live-updates-1575940-2019-08-01">transferred </a>the all the five Unnao cases — rape of the 19-year-old girl, case on her father under Arms Act, a case on the custodial death of the father, murder case against Kuldeep Sengar, and finally the accident — to Delhi. The Supreme Court asked the bench to conclude all the judicial proceedings within 45 days. In a letter she wrote to the Chief Justice of India (CJI), the girl had mentioned the possibility of a threat. Unfortunately,<a href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/didnt-receive-letter-from-unnao-rape-survivors-kin-says-cji-gogoi-seeks-report-from-sc-registry-on-delay-2252495.html"> the message reached CJI Ranjan Gogoi</a> on Tuesday, two days after she met with an accident. In April 2018, a four-time MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar was <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/unnao-rape-case-fir-against-victim-kin-for-falsely-claiming-she-is-a-minor-1418061-2018-12-27">accused</a> for raping the minor at his place in Makhi village. He is currently in judicial custody. <div type="image" title="g1" tempid="117753" msid="70483134" hostid="261"></div>

 <div type="image" title="g2" tempid="117757" msid="70483135" hostid="261"></div>

India’s apex court directs UP state government to grant ₹25 lakh as interim compensation to Unnao rape survivor

<ul><li>A Delhi Court convicted former BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar for kidnapping and raping a minor girl in Unnao in 2017. </li><li>Sengar convicted for rape under IPC, POCSO Act for offence of public servant committing penetrative sexual assault on child. </li><li>The court, however, acquitted co-accused Shashi Singh of all charges. </li></ul> A Delhi Court convicted former BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar for kidnapping and raping a minor girl in Unnao in 2017. Sengar convicted for rape under IPC, POCSO Act for offence of public servant committing penetrative sexual assault on child. The court however acquitted co-accused Shashi Singh of all charges. The court to hear arguments on the quantum of sentence for Sengar on Wednesday. The CBI investigation The Central Bureau of Investigation gave a statement to the Delhi High Court that the charges of rape pressed by the 19-year-old girl against Senghar are correct. The investigating agency had said that they have sufficient evidence to prove Senghar guilty. Senghar is guilty of plotting the rape of the minor along with co-accused Shashi Singh, <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/theres-truth-in-unnao-girls-charges-against-mla-says-cbi/articleshow/70579702.cms">reported</a> Times of India citing CBI. The rape survivor, who was 17 years old at the time of the incident, told the CBI that Singh took her inside Senghar's residence, and gang-raped her. CBI <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms"> also accused Senghar</a> of engineering an accident that took place on 28 July which killed both her aunts. She and her lawyer were also critically injured. On August 6, s<a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/unnao-rape-survivor-her-lawyer-to-be-shifted-from-up-to-aiims-in-delhi-for-treatment-says-supreme-co-2080443">he was taken</a> off the ventilator and airlifted to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/unnao-rape-survivor-accident-cbi-fir-mla-kuldeep-sengar-1575481-2019-07-31">CBI filed a case against</a> Sengar and eight others for the accident. Fighting for the right to justice The conviction might be too little too late, as the survivor faced many hardships and l<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms">ost her father and two aunts</a> in her long extended fight for justice. Her father was arrested on an arms case and had died in police custody. A few days before her accident, she wrote to the Chief Justice of India (CJI) on July 12 mentioning the possibility of a threat. Unfortunately,<a href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/didnt-receive-letter-from-unnao-rape-survivors-kin-says-cji-gogoi-seeks-report-from-sc-registry-on-delay-2252495.html"> the message reached CJI Ranjan Gogoi</a> on 30 July, two days after the accident. After <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-apex-court-directs-up-state-government-to-grant-25-lakh-as-interim-compensation-to-unnao-rape-survivor/articleshow/70482765.cms">the accident</a>, a bench headed by CJI Ranjan Gogoi also <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-unnao-case-hearing-live-updates-1575940-2019-08-01">transferred </a>the all the five Unnao cases — rape, case on her father under Arms Act, a case on the custodial death of the father, murder case against Kuldeep Sengar, and finally the accident — to Delhi High Court on 1 August 2019. The Supreme Court also ordered the bench to conclude all the judicial proceedings within 45 days. The apex court also issued orders to provide ₹250,000 as interim compensation to the survivors. In 2019, two rape cases shocked the nation when both the victims were burnt to death. The first was the rape and murder of a 27-year old doctor in <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/rape-rage-and-an-exchange-of-fire/article30300278.ece">Hyderabad which culminated into an encounter where</a> all the accused were shot by Telangana police. Yet another rape victim of Unnao itself <a href="http://bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50697139">died a horrific death as the 23 year old was stabbed</a> and set on fire as she was on her way to a court hearing. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/hyderabad-rape-case-accused-shot-dead-in-a-police-encounter/articleshow/72393351.cms">Hyderabad rape case accused shot dead in an encounter and magisterial probe is ordered</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-apex-court-directs-up-state-government-to-grant-25-lakh-as-interim-compensation-to-unnao-rape-survivor/articleshow/70482765.cms">India’s apex court directs UP state government to grant ₹25 lakh as interim compensation to Unnao rape survivor</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms">A 19-year old Indian rape victim lost her father and nearly lost her life in her fight for justice</a>

Unnao rape case: Delhi Court convicts ex-BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar

<ul><li>A Delhi court convicted former BJP MLA <keyword id="6413701" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="kuldeep-singh-sengar">Kuldeep Singh Sengar</keyword> over the <keyword id="6355424" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="unnao">Unnao</keyword> rape victim’s father’s death. </li><li>The <keyword id="6355014" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="delhi-high-court">Delhi High Court</keyword> has already convicted Sengar for kidnapping and raping the minor girl in 2017. </li><li>He was also found guilty of plotting the rape of the minor along with co-accused <keyword id="291630" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Shashi-Singh">Shashi Singh</keyword>. </li></ul>A Delhi court convicted former BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar for the custodial death of the father of Unnao rape victim. Earlier, the Delhi High Court convicted Sengar for kidnapping and raping a minor girl in Unnao in 2017. The rape survivor's father died in police custody on April 9, 2018. This is one of the many cases that were filed on Sengar for an array of unfortunate incidents that took place, after the minor girl reported the rape. Sengar is already convicted under IPC, POCSO Act for offence of public servant committing penetrative sexual assault on child. He was also found guilty of plotting the rape of the minor along with co-accused Shashi Singh. The rape survivor, who was 17 years old at the time of the incident, told the CBI that Singh took her inside Senghar's residence, and gang-raped her. The CBI <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/timeline-of-events-for-unnao-rape-case/articleshow/70466622.cms">also accused Senghar</a> of engineering an accident that took place on 28 July which killed both her aunts. She and her lawyer were also critically injured. On August 6, the victim <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/unnao-rape-survivor-her-lawyer-to-be-shifted-from-up-to-aiims-in-delhi-for-treatment-says-supreme-co-2080443">was taken</a> off the ventilator and airlifted to <keyword id="6365231" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="all-india-institute-of-medical-sciences">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</keyword> (AIIMS). The C<a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/unnao-rape-survivor-accident-cbi-fir-mla-kuldeep-sengar-1575481-2019-07-31">BI filed a case against</a> Sengar and eight others for the accident.

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Nirbhaya Fund to Disha Act: What changes has the Indian govt implemented in response to major rape cases in the past?

Ankush Banerjee

Unnao Case: India’s premier investigating agency finds ex-BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Senghar guilty of rape

Preeti Soni

India’s apex court directs UP state government to grant ₹25 lakh as interim compensation to Unnao rape survivor

Prerna Sindwani

Unnao rape case: Delhi Court convicts ex-BJP MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar

Preeti Soni

Unnao rape case: Former BJP MLA Kuldeep Sengar held guilty for death of victim's father

Navdeep Yadav

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