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The <keyword id="6730669" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="validity">validity</keyword> of the <keyword id="600889" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Teachers-Eligibility-Test">Teachers Eligibility Test</keyword> (<keyword id="558809" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="TET">TET</keyword>) qualifying certificates has been extended from seven years to lifetime, <keyword id="226355" type="POSITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Education-Minister">Union Education Minister</keyword> <keyword id="60487" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ramesh-Pokhriyal">Ramesh Pokhriyal</keyword> "<keyword id="913696" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nishank">Nishank</keyword>" announced on Thursday. "The government has decided to extend the validity period of the Teachers Eligibility Test qualifying certificates from seven years to lifetime with a retrospective effect from 2011," the minister said in a statement. "The respective state governments and UTs will take necessary action to revalidate and issue fresh TET certificates to those candidates whose period of seven years has already lapsed," he added. Pokhriyal said this will be a positive step to boost employment opportunities for the candidates aspiring to make a career in the field of teaching. Possessing the TET qualifying certificate is one of the essential qualifications for a person to be eligible for appointment as a school teacher. The guidelines dated February 11, 2011 of the <keyword id="76195" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Council-for-Teacher-Education">National Council for Teacher Education</keyword> (<keyword id="146582" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="NCTE">NCTE</keyword>) laid down that TET would be conducted by the state governments and the validity of the TET certificates was seven years from the date of passing TET. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/huawei-announces-first-devices-with-harmonyos-set-to-take-on-apple-and-google-with-its-in-house-operating-system/articleshow/83195689.cms">Huawei announces first devices with HarmonyOS — set to take on Apple and Google with its in-house operating system</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/oneplus-nord-ce-5g-mobile-phone-full-specifications-leaked-days-ahead-of-launch/articleshow/83195375.cms">OnePlus Nord CE 5G full specifications leaked days ahead of launch – heavily inspired by the original Nord</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/top-five-fintech-ideas-that-are-drawing-the-most-amount-of-money/slidelist/83194276.cms">Five fintech ideas that are raking in the most amount of money</a>

Education minister Ramesh Pokhriyal extends validity of Teachers Eligibility Test (TET) from seven years to lifetime

Ensuring that every student in India graduates and has a successful career is central to rebuilding the <keyword id="6356076" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-economy">Indian economy</keyword> and securing a brighter economic future for all Indians. 
 
As <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/budgte-2017-budget-2017-is-going-to-have-huge-respite-for-real-estate-sector-heres-how/articleshow/56592833.cms">Budget 2017</a> approaches fast, we made some comparisons of India's educational reforms vis-a-vis that of the US, and found out some stellar work done by the Obama administration that India schools and colleges lack. 
 
Here are some of these initiatives that the Modi government can adopt in the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/people-paying-income-tax-likely-to-be-big-gainers-of-budget-2017/articleshow/56178701.cms">upcoming Budget</a>:

Top Education Reforms by Obama Govt that India should adopt in the upcoming Union Budget

Even as Jaitley made some of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Finance-Minister-Arun-Jaitley-makes-biggest-announcements-for-Education-Sector-in-India/articleshow/56906634.cms">the biggest announcements for education sector</a>, India is still far away from breaking the traditional setup that defines our educational institutions. While work seems to be on to skill youngsters under <keyword id="6360789" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi-Government">Modi government</keyword>’s leadership, several other basic issues remain unaddressed. 
 
Post Jaitley’s push to jobs, here are some basic points that India can learn from global counterparts:

2017 Union Budget: What India is yet to learn from Global Education Systems

The Central Board of Secondary Education (<keyword id="6356155" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="cbse">CBSE</keyword>) has reduced the syllabus for the social sciences exam by providing relief to the students of class 10 all over the country. CBSE has taken the decision of reducing the syllabus in view of providing leeway to students in the class 10 board examination. The CBSE would conduct the social sciences paper for class 10 on May 27. A total of five units from the social sciences theory topics have been removed for the students. The revised syllabus would be displayed on CBSE's official website. According to the Union Education Ministry, due to the coronavirus pandemic the working days of schools have been reduced significantly this year. Most of the students have been provided education through the online medium. In such a situation, now the students, parents and teachers themselves are also in favour of reducing the curriculum for the students. Earlier, Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank said, "In view of the extraordinary situation arising across the country due to Covid-19, CBSE has been advised to reschedule and reduce its syllabus." CBSE has reduced the syllabus by 30 per cent in various subjects after the Union Education Minister directed that the syllabus must be reduced. A specific syllabus would no longer be part of the board examinations and prescribed subjects scheduled for internal evaluation. School principals and teachers would also ensure that students are explained about the reduced subject contents to combine different topics. According to the Union Education Ministry, in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, concrete suggestions were invited from academicians from all over the country on the subject of syllabus reductions. More than 150 academicians across the country have sent their suggestions on this subject.

CBSE lightens Class 10 social science exam syllabus

I sat on a chair with a paper in my hand trying to help the girl solve a Class II level double digit multiplication problem. She was shy and did not say much. She tried solving it on the sheet but there was no progress. I gave her hints, patiently waited for her to respond to that. But after a couple of minutes she gave up. Her father kept a close watch on the proceedings, slightly amused at my attempts to draw her attention towards the task at hand. I could see her mother standing at the other end of the kutcha house not very pleased with her daughter’s performance. She had been very proud of the fact that her daughter was in Class VIII in the local government school. Very few girls in the village went to school at this age. This was Chitgunwa, a small village near Jhansi where I had been assigned to conduct a survey on the level of public <keyword id="6355445" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Education">education</keyword>. 
 As India gets ready for the <keyword id="3206186" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Budget-2016">Union Budget 2016</keyword> amidst all the chaos that has preceded the Parliament session, it is necessary to look at budget from the perspective of that girl child or more importantly her mother. As a student of a business school, I am tempted to write on a number of issues pertaining to Indian fiscal policy which affects the business environment of the country or the startup ecosystem in India. But let me take a different route and list down few areas where adequate budgetary intervention could help the mother and her daughter regain their confidence in the system. 
 
Education is one of the key requirements to convert India’s demography into productive human capital. While enough emphasis has been laid on the access of education resulting in Gross Enrolment Ratio of 104.3% , the quality of education remains dismal. India has been consistently spending close to 4-5% of the total budget on education , but the proportion spent on primary education has been falling since last three years (Exhibit 1). The budgetary allocation for Mid-Day Meal Programme was reduced from INR 13,215 cr (2014-15) to INR 9,236 cr (2015-16) . The spend on the quality of education which includes ‘activities to improve learning, such as learning enhancement programmes and innovation grants’ in Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and teacher training is also extremely low (Exhibit 2). 
 
India needs a budget where adequate allocation is made to improve the quality of primary education. The first step would be determining the nature and magnitude of quality improvement required. This can be achieved through regular and sound measurement of outcomes. Another area which requires greater budgetary intervention is teacher training. Average teacher training spend was less than an appalling 3% of the elementary education budget over the past 6 years. This needs to change. India’s primary education curriculum has been severely criticised as being over ambitious and unrealistic. This must be reviewed through a comprehensive research exercise. The curriculum must have both academic and vocational components which could address the economics of retention in secondary and higher education. There must be emphasis on innovation and reasoning which could go a long way in eliminating 140 characters of opinion building process. The government started the “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao” scheme through a corpus fund of INR 100cr .There is also a Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme to save for girl child’s education. But we need to do more. A comprehensive action plan with regular evaluation of the outcomes will go a long way in proper implementation of the schemes. This must be backed with adequate financial support through the budgetary allocation. 
 The other area which would matter for the mother and her daughter would be access to <keyword id="6354525" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Healthcare">healthcare</keyword> and sanitation. The previous budget was disappointing in terms of allocation to the health sector. Public spending on health sector is paltry 1.3% of the total <keyword id="35050" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="gdp">GDP</keyword> in India . The budget for Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was slashed by almost 50% last year3. India also tops the global list with 318 deaths per 1000 children under 5 years of age due to diarrhoea and pneumonia . This is unacceptable for a country that is looking to embark on a path of sustained growth. The government must realize the importance of public healthcare spending and act accordingly. 
 
The focus should be on preventive healthcare as it serves the twin purpose of decreasing the government spending on secondary and tertiary care and the out of the pocket expenditure which results in severe health shocks leading to acute financial distress. India ranks third in the world in the out of the pocket spending on healthcare. The government’s flagship programme Swacch Bharat was criticised by CAG recently for failing to achieve the desired targets due to weak implementation. “Audit clearly reveals the failure of the sanitation programmes in achieving the envisaged target” it pointed out. In FY 2015-2016 INR 3,265 cr was allocated for Swacch Bharat Mission which was 27% hike from the previous year . Although allocations had increased, a large sum of money remained unspent. There are issues at multiple levels – evaluating a scheme on the number of toilets built is flawed. The CAG report mentions “more than 30% of individual household latrines remain non-functional”10. Building toilets is not the solution until focus is shifted on solid waste management system and treatment plants. It is vital to understand the link between front end (toilets) and back end (collection and treatment) so that appropriate resource allocation can be made in the upcoming budget. 
 
India stands at a very crucial juncture in its journey. It has been doing well on certain fronts but a lot more needs to be done. A budget which brings the focus back on education and health is what will make this growth story truly sustainable. 
 
(The article has been authored by Rishabh Raj, Post Graduate student at IIM Bangalore. A Graduate from IIT Kanpur, he has worked for two years in a management consulting firm and one year in the public policy space under a Member of Parliament)

Here's what an IIM student feels the Budget should have, after he met a family in a village near Jhansi

How do you pay <keyword id="6356089" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Teachers">teachers</keyword> more money and make the profession more attractive without raising taxes or reducing services? Josh McGee and Marcus A. Winters of The Manhattan Institute think they've figured it out.
In a recently released study, McGee and Winters<a href="http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_79.htm#.UiiWrpKsh8E"> outline two cost-neutral policy changes they believe would raise salaries</a> for teachers in most school districts. The proposal centers on altering school districts' approach to retirement benefits. 
Currently teachers' retirement benefits are backloaded. Teachers who don't stay in the profession, not to mention the same school district for thirty years, end up accruing very little benefits.
Here are McGee &amp; Winters' proposed changes:
First, ... districts should adopt retirement systems where benefits accrue smoothly, year after year, without sudden, arbitrary jumps late in a teacher's working life. This would allow talented people to teach for part of their career, or teach in more than one district, without harming their retirement security. It would also end an unfair practice that places the majority of teachers on an insecure retirement savings path in order to support more generous pensions for the minority who work a full career in one system. 
Second, districts should increase the amount of teacher compensation that is paid directly as salary, and reduce the amount of compensation that is devoted to retirement benefits in order to match the norm for similarly situated workers in the private sector. This reform would substantially increase teacher take-home pay in some school systems, while having only a marginal effect in others. 
"These [retirement] plans are explicitly designed to pay higher retirement benefits to long-career employees by reallocating wealth from teachers who exit the system earlier in their careers," Mcgee and Winters explain in the study.
Only about 28% of teachers remain in the profession for twenty years, according to the Institute for Educational Sciences.
<h3>Here's what retirement benefits look like currently over the course of a teacher's career:</h3>
<h3><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image">The Manhattan Institute</div></div></h3>
<h3>This is what compensation would like for teachers if New York adopted the proposals (percent difference from what they currently get). Teachers would be making as much as 8% more right off the bat, with only a slight dip towards the end of the career:<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image">The Manhattan Institute</div></div></h3>

Here's How To Raise Teachers' Salaries Without Spending A Dime

How do you pay <keyword id="6356089" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Teachers">teachers</keyword> more money and make the profession more attractive without raising taxes or reducing services? Josh McGee and Marcus A. Winters of The Manhattan Institute think they've figured it out.
In a recently released study, McGee and Winters<a href="http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_79.htm#.UiiWrpKsh8E"> outline two cost-neutral policy changes they believe would raise salaries</a> for teachers in most school districts. The proposal centers on altering school districts' approach to retirement benefits. 
Currently teachers' retirement benefits are backloaded. Teachers who don't stay in the profession, not to mention the same school district for thirty years, end up accruing very little benefits.
Here are McGee &amp; Winters' proposed changes:
First, ... districts should adopt retirement systems where benefits accrue smoothly, year after year, without sudden, arbitrary jumps late in a teacher's working life. This would allow talented people to teach for part of their career, or teach in more than one district, without harming their retirement security. It would also end an unfair practice that places the majority of teachers on an insecure retirement savings path in order to support more generous pensions for the minority who work a full career in one system. 
Second, districts should increase the amount of teacher compensation that is paid directly as salary, and reduce the amount of compensation that is devoted to retirement benefits in order to match the norm for similarly situated workers in the private sector. This reform would substantially increase teacher take-home pay in some school systems, while having only a marginal effect in others. 
"These [retirement] plans are explicitly designed to pay higher retirement benefits to long-career employees by reallocating wealth from teachers who exit the system earlier in their careers," Mcgee and Winters explain in the study.
Only about 28% of teachers remain in the profession for twenty years, according to the Institute for Educational Sciences.
<h3>Here's what retirement benefits look like currently over the course of a teacher's career:</h3>
<h3><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">The Manhattan Institute</div></div></div></h3>
<h3>This is what compensation would like for teachers if New York adopted the proposals (percent difference from what they currently get). Teachers would be making as much as 8% more right off the bat, with only a slight dip towards the end of the career:<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image">The Manhattan Institute</div></div></div></h3>

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A national <keyword id="11930605" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="teachers" source="Orion">teachers</keyword> union president blamed a "radicalized Supreme Court" for decisions that she said don't reflect American values.</li><li><keyword id="12292434" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="national-education-association" source="Orion">National Education Association</keyword> President Becky Pringle said educators will continue to fight for "the right to choose" and for LGBTQ+ rights.</li></ul>The head of a politically powerful, 3-million-member teachers union blamed a "radicalized Supreme Court" for decisions that she said unravel <keyword id="12012035" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="abortion-rights" source="Orion">abortion rights</keyword>, undermine the separation of church and state, and that do not reflect the views or values of most Americans.National Education Association President <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/21/becky-pringle-teachers-union-boss-430520">Becky Pringle</a>, whose union is the largest in the nation, said the stage was set in the 2016 election for Supreme Court decisions that "move us further away from the promise of America for all Americans."She pledged to use the union's political might against candidates who refuse to keep schools safe but ask teachers to "take up arms," refuse to pay teachers as professionals, fuel inequities that undermine student learning, or work to "disinvest and destroy" public schools."This November, if you get in the way of our progress toward a more just nation, we will get in the way of your election," <a href="https://www.nea.org/about-nea/media-center/press-releases/remarks-prepared-delivery-becky-pringle-president-national-education-association-101st">she said</a> to applause on Sunday during the union's <a href="https://www.nea.org/professional-excellence/conferences-events/annual-meeting-and-representative-assembly/about-ra/ra-news/2022-nea-representative-assembly-convenes-chicago">Representative Assembly</a> in Chicago. The union <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/14/national-education-association-endorses-joe-biden-129794">backed President Joe Biden </a>in the 2020 election and counts First Lady <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jill-biden-union-member-teacher-why-it-matters-first-lady-2021-4">Jill Biden, a longtime educator, as one of its members.</a>Pringle spoke out against Supreme Court decisions on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sotomayor-supreme-court-decision-backing-coach-prayer-misconstrues-facts-2022-6">school prayer</a> that "attack religious freedom," vouchers "that threaten the right to a universal public education," and the recent ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, reversing federal protections for abortion, as having a "long-term, devastating impact" on fundamental freedoms."Like me, you knew these decisions were coming," she said. "That still didn't change the gut punch it delivered."She said educators will continue to "fight tirelessly for the right to choose" and for the rights of LGBTQ+ students and educators."We will say gay. We will say trans," she said, a reference to Florida's "Parental Rights in Education," which bans classroom instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3 "or in a manner that is not age appropriate or developmentally appropriate." "We will use the words that validate our students and their families; words that encourage them to walk in their authenticity; to love themselves fully to become who they are meant to be," she continued, as members applauded.Pringle said educators will continue to teach students the nation's "true and complete history. We will teach the dynamics of our rich diversity - the triumphant moments, and those where we turned our backs on the values we espoused as our founding."Pringle's remarks came as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/teachers-burnout-staffing-shortage-pandemic-quitting-schools-education-2022-2">teachers are increasingly burned out </a>by staffing shortages, COVID-19 battles, and political pressures, and many have been saying they're ready to quit.National headlines in recent years have portrayed education as a battleground, with fights over face masks, controversial books, and the teaching of race and gender. Congressional Republicans are making <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/republicans-2022-elections-critical-race-theory-education-culture-wars-scalise-2021-12">parental involvement in education</a> central to their pitch to voters while several GOP-led states have imposed restrictions on the teaching of race.

National teachers union president says 'radicalized Supreme Court' delivered a 'gut punch' against abortion rights, separation of church and state

Ahead of college admissions, <keyword id="56459" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-grants-commission" source="Orion">University Grants Commission</keyword> (<keyword id="44171" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ugc" source="Orion">UGC</keyword>) has warned students against unrecognised or 'fake' institutions operating in the country. In the last two years, the UGC has identified 27 such 'fake' higher educational institutions in the country. With the admission process around the corner, students across the country have been asked to beware of educational institutions that are not established as per the UGC Act but offer degrees in contravention of stated provisions. According to <keyword id="693288" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="union-education-ministry" source="Orion">Union Education Ministry</keyword>, the degrees provided by such institutions will not be valid for further studies or jobs. Recently, the UGC detected two unrecognised institutions and is likely to soon release a fresh list of such institutions. According to a recent notice issued by the UGC, the 'Open International University for Alternative Medicines' and the '<keyword id="17077663" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-board-of-alternative-medicines" source="Orion">National Board of Alternative Medicines</keyword>' are running courses in violation of the UGC Act 1956. The UGC appealed to students across the country not to take admission in these institutions as their degrees will not be valid for further education or job. Earlier, the UGC had also issued a similar notice against the All India Institute of Public and Physical Health Science, a higher educational institution in Delhi. The UGC in its notice advised students not to take admission in "self-styled" institutes. The UGC from time to time releases lists of such unrecognised colleges, universities and institutes to make students aware of institutions, which are fraudulently offering degree courses. It also keeps an eye on such self-styled institutions in the interest of students. Last year, the UGC identified about 24 such higher educational institutions and declared the degrees awarded by them "invalid and fake". According to the UGC, students should thoroughly examine it before taking admission in higher educational institutions. Students and parents should make sure that the concerned educational institution is recognised by the UGC. These educational institutions can be verified on the UGC website. Significantly, the UGC and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), which promotes technical education in India, have also issued a warning against the educational institutions of Pakistan. In this joint advisory issued for Indian students, it was said that Indian students should not take admission in any college or educational institution in Pakistan. According to the UGC, students pursuing education in Pakistan will not be eligible to get jobs and higher education in India. UGC and AICTE have said that Indian students should not go to Pakistan for higher education. An Indian student going to Pakistan to pursue technical education, higher education or any other course will not be able to take admission in India for further studies or jobs. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rbi-revises-indias-fy24-growth-outlook-expects-softer-inflation-on-the-back-of-lower-commodity-prices/articleshow/99290005.cms">RBI revises India’s FY24 growth outlook, expects softer inflation on the back of lower commodity prices</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rbis-monetary-policy-committee-keeps-repo-rate-unchanged-at-6-5/articleshow/99284354.cms">RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee keeps repo rate unchanged at 6.5%, for now</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/after-the-ides-of-march-analysts-pick-best-stocks-that-can-be-bought-on-dips/articleshow/99272438.cms">After the Ides of March, analysts pick best stocks that can be bought on dips</a>

UGC cautions Class 12 students against fake univs; says no to higher studies in Pak

<ul class="summary-list"><li>DeSantis proposed changes that would make it harder for teachers to join and remain in unions.</li><li>He also proposed coupling that with higher teacher pay. </li></ul>Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida promised Monday to sign a bill into law that would increase teacher pay by a record amount — but he also wants to clamp down on teachers' unions. The plan DeSantis outlined at a school board retreat in Orlando would have teachers send a check to their unions every month rather than automatically deduct the dues from their paychecks.DeSantis' latest so-called "Freedom Blueprint" proposal appears similar to a measure the Florida legislature <a href="https://floridapolitics.com/archives/506148-senate-again-snubs-bill-tightening-union-strictures/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">considered</a> in 2021 and 2022 that the state's largest teachers' union, the Florida Education Association, called "anti-freedom" and "anti-educator.""It puts big government between educators and their constitutionally guaranteed right to join in union to advocate for their students and profession," Florida Education Association President Andrew Spar said in 2021. Teachers' unions have been one of the governor's top foes, particularly starting in the fall of 2020 after they resisted his push to reopen schools during the pandemic, and after DeSantis banned mask mandates in the classroom.Even Charlie Crist, a former congressman and DeSantis' failed 2022 challenger, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/charlie-crist-picks-teachers-union-boss-karla-hernndez-mats-as-running-mate-leaning-in-on-education-2022-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">picked</a> Miami-Dade's teachers' union boss, Karla Hernández-Mats, as his running mate. DeSantis' plan would create a new hurdle for organized labor in Florida, whose "Right to Work" status is already enshrined in the state constitution. Under current law, Florida workers can opt out of joining a union, which in turn restricts unions from collecting dues from employees who benefit from negotiated worker protections. The anti-union bills the legislature considered in previous years would have extended not just to teachers but other public employees. Aside from gutting automatic deductions, they would have obligated workers to reaffirm their union membership annually, and obligated unions with fewer than half of workers in their ranks to recertify with the state. DeSantis is framing his plan on union dues as "paycheck protection" for teachers and said it would "be a more accurate reflection of who wants to be a part of this or not." In his remarks, he coupled the union changes with what he called "the biggest increase" in teacher pay the state has ever done. "It's more of a guarantee that the money is actually going to go to teachers," he said at the retreat, "and not be frittered away by interest groups who get involved in the school system."The Florida Education Association told Insider that coupling the two proposals together wouldn't be possible because the teacher pay would be in the state budget, whereas changes to unions would be a piece of legislation "though the governor may link them rhetorically."The governor's budget will be due 30 days before the legislative session <a href="https://www.legis.la.gov/legisdocs/sessioninfo.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">begins in April</a> 2023. The governor's press secretary, Bryan Griffin, said the office would share more details when they become available. Florida comes in at No. 48 in the nation for average teacher salaries, <a href="https://www.nea.org/resource-library/educator-pay-and-student-spending-how-does-your-state-rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">according to</a> the National Education Association. State lawmakers and the governor gave teachers bonuses this past year and increased pay — though largely among new teachers, according to the Florida Education Association. DeSantis acknowledged during his speech that changes to union dues might emaciate the labor groups, but said if teachers aren't paying dues then they should be decertified."You shouldn't be able to continue as a zombie organization that doesn't have the support of the people you're supposedly negotiating for," he said. The last two versions of the anti-union died in committee under opposition from Florida AFL-CIO and the Florida Education Association. GOP Sen. Kathleen Passidomo of Naples, who chaired the Rules Committee during the 2022 legislative session — and now holds even higher ranking as president of the Florida Senate — declined to take it up.Passidomo's office didn't immediately respond to a request for comment over whether she'd be receptive to the governor's proposal. Florida voters reelected DeSantis by a historic 20-point margin in November, and also gave him a GOP supermajority in the state House and Senate. The Florida legislature was largely deferential to DeSantis' priorities during his first term, and that trend is expected to continue after he is inaugurated a second time in Tallahassee on January 3, 2023. DeSantis is considered to be the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/desantis-landslide-victory-speech-florida-trump-2024-rivalry-looms-2022-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">most formidable challenger</a> for the Republican nomination for president in 2024, should he choose to run. During the November elections DeSantis made reshaping school boards one of his top priorities, and said Monday that he would continue that fight into the election cycles ahead. Roughly 250 people were in the audience on Monday, including school board members DeSantis endorsed, as well as parent groups, the DeSantis campaign said.

DeSantis' latest education plan targets teachers' unions by ending automatic dues in favor of monthly mailed-in checks

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Dan Jones, a journalist and historian, details higher education's socialist origins in a new book.</li><li>His new book explains how the University of Bologna was created by scholars going on <keyword id="11911257" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="strike" source="Orion">strike</keyword>.</li></ul><keyword id="12087076" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="unions" source="Orion">Unions</keyword> are having something of a moment as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-striketober-kelloggs-john-deere-iatse-strike-labor-2021-10">workers across the country fight</a> for better pay and working conditions, sparked by the extreme conditions, layoffs, and physical and emotional distress of the pandemic.Nine centuries ago, a group of students in Italy had the same idea. Without them, the world might not have higher education in its current form.In a new book called "Power and Thrones," which aims to reveal how the thousand years of the Middle Ages is still shaping society, the journalist and popular historian Dan Jones writes with the kind of voice that got the Guardian to call him one of England's "<a href="https://amp.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/28/history-starkey-historians-writers">hip young historians</a>" in 2009.Jones explains how the oldest surviving university in the west, or Europe, the University of Bologna, wasn't quite created for the pursuit of education in its own right. It was something that's familiar to workers in the tumultuous year 2021: a strike for equitable working conditions and fair pay.That legacy lingers, as education remains one of the most unionized professions.<h2>It started with a desire for fair treatment and 'collective rights'</h2>The typical scholar at the beginning of the 12th century was, Jones writes, "connected to an institution whose sole purpose was something other than the pure pursuit of knowledge": religion.At the time, there were strong ties between education and monasteries or cathedral schools. But leading up to the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088, another type of scholar arose that was more professional.Many of those students came from outside Italy, eager to analyze Roman law, which was the basis for medieval contracts and conducting business in the formative days of what would become capitalism. (Another chapter details how the Byzantine emperor Justinian overhauled Roman law in a way that would eventually form the basis of the Napoleonic Code of the 19th century — but Justinian's reign was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pandemics-that-changed-the-course-of-human-history-coronavirus-flu-aids-plague">disrupted by a pandemic</a>.)Many of these scholars were foreigners, though, and subject to laws that punished all students of a nationality if one broke the law or defaulted on debt. In other words, if your fellow student owed money to someone, Bologna would charge you for it, too. They unionized."Thus banded together, students were able to negotiate their collective rights and liberties with the city's authorities — with the implicit threat that they would all walk away from the city and deprive it of their economic custom if they didn't get what they wanted," Jones wrote.Those students also negotiated with their teachers about what they would be taught and how much lecturers would be paid, and if the lecturers did not meet their students' standards of teaching, they could be censured — or even fired. While it took some time for the students' union to be officially recognized, it gave rise to the "elemental features of the medieval university" structure that took shape across Europe, Jones wrote.<h2>Now education is one of the most highly unionized industries</h2>In the US, workers in unions make more than their nonunionized peers: The Bureau of Labor Statistics <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm">found</a> that in 2020, nonunion workers had median earnings of $958 a week, 84% of their union peers' median earnings of $1,144 a week.Education, training, and library occupations are among the most highly unionized professions, with a 35.9% unionization rate in 2020, the agency said.For decades, union membership has been <a href="https://www.epi.org/publication/as-union-membership-has-fallen-the-top-10-percent-have-been-getting-a-larger-share-of-income/">on the decline in America</a>. But organized labor has experienced a revitalization as workers face down unemployment and exposure to a deadly virus while companies reap <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/corporate-profits-are-high-despite-inflation-and-shortages-2021-11">record profits</a>. In October alone, over 100,000 workers voted to <a href="https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/576456-more-than-100k-workers-threaten-strikes-as-unions-flex-muscles">authorize strikes</a>. Gallup found this summer that <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/354455/approval-labor-unions-highest-point-1965.aspx">approval ratings for unions</a> were the highest they'd been since 1965, with particularly high ratings among Americans ages 18 to 24 and those earning below $40,000.Labor activism remains strong in education. Thousands of graduate students at Columbia University are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/columbia-grad-students-on-strike-struggle-live-off-late-payments-2021-11">on an indefinite strike</a> — the country's largest active strike, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/09/columbia-university-student-worker-strike">according to The Guardian</a>. They're asking for higher pay; the university earlier this year changed its payment schedule for student stipends, leading to late payments for seven students who <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/columbia-grad-students-on-strike-struggle-live-off-late-payments-2021-11">spoke with Insider's Phil Rosen</a>. Student workers also want healthcare plans with <a href="https://twitter.com/SW_Columbia/status/1457466859754754052">dental and vision coverage</a>, and stronger harassment protections.If labor leaders have any say over it, the movement will grow even stronger in the coming years.Liz Shuler, the first female president of the country's largest labor federation, the AFL-CIO, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/liz-shuler-president-aflcio-gen-z-unions-first-100-days-2021-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">told Insider in November</a> her hope was that "if we look back 100 years from now, it'd be, like, this was the moment that we organized like never before and brought the opportunity for a union to every working person in the country."They'd be continuing a tradition dating back a thousand years.

Europe's oldest surviving college was formed out of a strike 1,000 years ago by scholars demanding better pay, one of England's 'hip young historians' says

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