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US President-elect <keyword id="99719" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Joe-Biden">Joe Biden</keyword> was an early supporter of the India-US relationship and his administration will continue to prioritise the defence and security partnership with New Delhi, a key area which has progressed during Donald Trump's tenure as president, a senior official from the Barrack Obama-era administration has said. The US media has projected Biden as the winner of the 2020 presidential election. However, incumbent Trump is yet to concede defeat, vowing to mount legal fights in several key battleground states. There is much speculation on how the India-US relationship will shape during Biden's time in the White house. "Based on the priorities articulated already by President-elect Biden, I would anticipate that the Biden-Harris administration will continue to place a high priority on the defence and security relationship with India, the major area that has advanced during the Trump administration," Alyssa Ayres Senior fellow for India, Pakistan, and South Asia at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) told . Author of 'Our Time Has Come: How India is Making Its Place in the World,' Ayres had served as deputy assistant secretary of state for South Asia from 2010 to 2013. Former vice president Biden was an early supporter of the US-India relationship, she said, adding that the president-elect, 15 years ago, viewed the US and India as "the two closest nations in the world". Biden had even championed the civil-nuclear agreement with India in Congress, Ayres recalled. Biden's election campaign website speaks on partnering with India to support rules-based international order in the Indo-Pacific region. Biden's global priorities on fighting the coronavirus pandemic and tackling climate change will necessitate close cooperation with India, Ayres said. "I've seen a lot of attention in the Indian media to the question of whether President-elect Biden will criticise India on questions of democracy and human rights -- he has stated that he has concerns, and given his decades of diplomatic experience would be likely to convey his views privately -- but I've seen little on the question of climate change and clean energy," Ayres said in response to a question. Ayres expects clean energy and climate cooperation to return to the forefront of the agenda during the Biden administration as was the case during Barrack Obama's term. "We can see the catastrophic effects of climate change before us. Our country is on fire, and our coasts regularly hit by hurricanes, while India battles floods, drought, and extreme weather events; and we cannot solve this without dramatically scaling up clean energy," she said. "India has emerged as a global leader in solar (power) and it will be in all of our collective interest to renew cooperation on this area (which) the Trump administration set aside," Ayres said. Originally trained as a cultural historian, Ayres has carried out research in India-Pakistan geopolitics. Before serving in the Obama administration, Ayres was founding director of the India and South Asia practice at McLarty Associates, a Washington-based international strategic advisory firm, from 2008 to 2010. From 2007 to 2008, she served as special assistant to the undersecretary of state for political affairs as a CFR international affairs fellow. Prior to that she worked in the non-profit sector at the University of Pennsylvania's Center for the Advanced Study of India and at the Asia Society in New York. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/instagram-down-users-complain-of-frozen-timelines-and-likes/articleshow/79146012.cms">Instagram down for a second consecutive day — Facebook is working on a fix but has not disclosed what's wrong</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/spicejet-shrink-its-losses-to-112-59-crore-in-the-second-quarter-ended-september-30/articleshow/79172678.cms">Spicejet is losing one rupee where it was losing four thanks to cheaper fuel and cut in rentals</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/two-tiny-asteroids-to-zoom-past-earth-on-diwali-2020/articleshow/79170635.cms">Two tiny asteroids to zoom past Earth this Diwali — likely without any fireworks</a>

US-India defence and security partnership with continue to remain a 'high priority' under Biden, says Obama-era official

India’s Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> had one main aim in his visit to the US that is to promote and secure the economic development of his country. In this context, Modi has invited US businesses to come and invest in India and his slogan has been “Make in India.’’ 
 
Why should the US invest in India and rev up its economy? Simple logic. India will grow into the third-largest economy by 2030 and will be “the market” for the US. It will be the same year when India’s middle class is expected to have a purchasing power of almost US$13 trillion annually, 23% of global spending. 
 
Of course, over the last ten years and more, ties between the US and India have not been very cordial politically. India had been relegated to the background in terms of investment and economic development. Today, trade between the US and India stands at US$97 billion as compared to US$19 billion in 2000. 
 
This growth is very minimal when compared to the trade between the US and China, which stands at US$600 billion. 
 
Ironically, the world oldest democracy’s biggest trading partner is the world’s most authoritarian regime. 
 
Despite the entire high-brow trumpeting of values, the bottom line is profitability and Americans are notoriously pragmatic when it comes to profit. 
 
Surprisingly, (despite the large successful Indian Diaspora in the US) the US has always been lukewarm to India. The US has pursued a biased policy inimical to India in its relationships and trade ties with China and Pakistan, both hostile to their neighbour, India. 
India is offering all the advantages China has of low-cost of production, skilled workforce and so on. 
 
However, the stumbling block as seen from the American viewpoint is the notorious Indian bureaucracy that makes investment a long drawn out and complicated procedure. American investors will also require attractive tax laws and the assurance that there will be no retrospective levies before they commit to investments in India. The sub-continent also needs to improve its infrastructure to fuel economic growth and development and according to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, this will be remedied. 
 
Of course “Make in India” seems contrary to the American intention of bringing production back home to tackle unemployment, but the high production costs there will not make it easy. 
 
By investing in the “Make in India’’ the US will be creating more business opportunities and more high-end jobs in America and the profits will, of course, boost its economy. 
 
America should also not overlook India’s growing clout. Contrary to earlier governments,<del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:31"> Mr.</del> Modi is the Prime Minister by an overwhelming mandate and is known for <del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32">his</del><ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32"> the </ins> economic development of his home state -- Gujarat. <ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32">Now, </ins><del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32">H</del><ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32">h</ins>e plans to <ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32">use </ins><del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:32">bring about</del> the same economic growth and development<del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:33"> for his </del><ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:33"> mantra for the entire </ins>country. 
 
<del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:33">A practical leader, Mr. </del>Modi<ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:33">, as a practical leader,</ins> is well aware of India’s strength and the changing power equations on the global stage. H<ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:34">e</ins><del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:34">e</del><del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:34"> is looking for</del><ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:34"> is </ins>now <ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:34">eyeing</ins> partnerships with US businesses for technology transfer. He is not coming as supplicant but rather as a promoter of the various strengths of his country. 
 
<ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:39">.</ins>Modi has proved that the US, despite its strengths in innovation and technology, is not the only solution to India’s requirements. His strong position at BRICS, which is all set to set up a counter to the World Bank and his bilateral relations during his recent visit to Japan and the visit by Chinese President Xi Jinping to India<ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:40">,</ins> ha<ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:40">s</ins><del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:40">ve</del> led to impressive investment promises in India by both countries. 
 
Japan will be offering, over a period of five years, <del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:42"> in </del>development assistance worth US$35 billion and China will be assisting in infrastructure and industrial parks with an investment of US$20 billion. 
 
As the US Government has little say in how private American businesses deal, <del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:42">Mr. </del>Modi has rightly targeted the business giants who can help his country’s economy. The high powered breakfasts of the Indian Prime Minister with American business giants PepsiCo, Master Card, Goldman Sachs<ins cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:42">,</ins> and Boeing (a lot of the CEOs are of Indian origin and are already doing business in India) is bang right on. 
 
Of course the US will try its best to wring concessions from India in the form of defense contracts and that it toes the US line in the WTO and supports it on ISIS. However, it is doubtful that <del cite="mailto:Saba.Haider" datetime="2014-10-01T18:42"> Mr. </del>Modi will give much away; he does know his bargaining strength. 
 
On the political front, India too expects the US to relook its relationship with Pakistan, Afghanistan and China. On the economic front, the vexed visa issue will also have to be sorted out. India resents the new visa rules that make it difficult for Indian professionals to work in the US and will ask for concessions and revisions. The US will have to change its perceptions and misconceptions about India. 
 
Investing in ‘`Make in India’’ will have symbiotic benefits for the US and India both economically and politically.

US Should Forge New Relationship With India Under ‘Make in India’ Umbrella

The US focus on India is evident as it invested more in India than China. The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=US+investment+in+India&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">investments</a> increased dramatically from May 2014, when the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=prime+minister+narendra+modi&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Prime Minister Narendra </a><a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=prime+minister+narendra+modi&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Modi</a>-led government. 
 
The friendship between Modi and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=obama&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">US President Barack Obama</a> also elevated both the leaders made strides in improving trade and investment ties. 
 
"The high-level engagements between our two countries since May of 2014 include six at the leader-level, including the Nuclear Security Summit this week, and we could well see more before the end of the administration," said US Assistant Secretary of State Nisha Desai Biswal. 
 
"Much of the focus has been on the economic partnership, and while there continue to be challenges, we have seen a dramatic rise in US 
investment in India, which today outpaces <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=US+investment+in+China&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">US investment in China</a>,” added Biswal. 
 
Around 30 <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=american+companies&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">American companies</a> have invested over $15 billion in the past year and a half, with over 50 US firms expected to ink more than $27 billion worth of deals over the next year, as per the US-India Business Council. 
 
According to India's official statistics, the cumulative FDI inflows from the US from April 2000 to September 2014 amounted to about $13.19 billion, accounting for nearly 6 per cent of the total FDI into India, making US the sixth largest source of foreign direct investment into India. 
The bilateral relationship also forayed into maritime security. 
 
"Nearly 90 per cent of global trade relies on maritime shipping and the Indian Ocean is the super-highway for much of this commerce. In the two decades from 1992 to 2012, the average number of ships in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea increased by more than 300 per cent. 
 
As the economies of Asia continue to rise, so to will the need for greater maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region," said 
Biswal. 
 
India's defence trade with the US has increased substantially from a mere $300 million just over a decade ago to close to $14 billion.

Here's the proof of Modi-Obama friendship; US has invested more in India than China since May 2014

<ul><li><keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword>’s status has been elevated from a trading partner to Strategic <keyword id="44844" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Trade">Trade</keyword> Authorization status (STA-1). </li><li>This might make India more favourable to the Communications, Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA). </li><li>Strict control and licensing on the sale of high-tech <keyword id="32723" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Defence">defence</keyword> and non-defence products between the two countries will also be eased. </li></ul>On Monday, the <keyword id="6354458" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="US">US</keyword> elevated India’s status from a trading partner to Strategic Trade Authorization status (STA-1) which is the status that it has given only to 36 countries that are largely NATO allies. India is the only south-asian country on this list. This means that the US has eased export restrictions on high-technology product sales to India and authorises India to export, re-export and transfer (in-country) specified items. The status is very important under the US export control regime, and publicly acknowledges US-India security and economic relationship. This will increase and speed up the sale of high-tech defence and non-defence products between the two nations, that are otherwise subjected to strict controls and licensing. India will now be able to access latest defense technologies as easily as US’ closest allies. It might also accelerate the talk in India about signing the Communications, Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) , which is a pact that will allow high-end secured communication equipment. It is one of the three agreements that the US has with its closest military allies and though that seems positive, India has concerns about giving away access to sensitive military communication if it signs the agreement with the US. Interestingly, this new status for India came at a time when the country has finalised its decision to go in for a missile defence system from the US to protect parts of the capital -New Delhi. One of the main reasons behind India's elevation could be that India and the US share an interest in countering China's expanding economic and military power. The US has become one of India’s top arms supplier, selling more than $15 billion of weapons over the past decade.

US elevates India’s status, will lead to better economic relationship

Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> called for a closer security relationship between his country and the <keyword id="6356955" type="COUNTRY" weightage="100" keywordseo="united-states">United States</keyword> on Wednesday, in an address to the <keyword id="55355" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="US-Congress">US Congress</keyword> stressing the importance of the warm relationship between the two countries. 
 "The fight against terrorism has to be fought at many levels. And the traditional tools of military, intelligence or diplomacy alone would not be able to win this fight," Modi told a rare joint meeting of the Senate and <keyword id="141565" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="House-of-Representatives">House of Representatives</keyword>. 
 
"We have both lost civilians and soldiers in combating it. The need of the hour is for us to deepen our security cooperation," Modi said. 
 
In a speech interrupted by repeated applause, Modi did not mention India's neighbors Pakistan or China specifically, but said the deeper US-Indian security cooperation should isolate anyone who harbors, supports or sponsors terrorists, and separate religion from terrorism. 
 
With navigation in Asian waters, such as disputes over the South China Sea, a major regional concern, Modi said a stronger US-India partnership could boost peace and prosperity. 
 
"It can also help ensure security of the sea lanes and commerce and freedom of navigation on seas," Modi added. 
 
 He also stressed that India is committed to helping rebuild a peaceful and stable <keyword id="6354541" type="COUNTRY" weightage="100" keywordseo="afghanistan">Afghanistan</keyword>, even as he said he considers terrorism the biggest threat in Afghanistan as well as elsewhere in South Asia.

PM Narendra Modi calls for stronger US-India security relationship

Post the first state visit of <keyword id="6354814" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="prime-minister-narendra-modi" source="Orion">Prime Minister Narendra Modi</keyword> to the US, the two countries are forging much closer bilateral ties with high-level visits on all fronts, a senior Biden administration official has said, observing that India and the US have never had a stronger relationship than now. Modi visited the US at the invitation of President Joe Biden and met him on all three days of his stay here between June 21 and June 23. On June 22, the two leaders spent time together for more than eight hours, the official said. Biden also held a private dinner for Modi on June 21. India and the United States have never had a stronger relationship than right now, the official said post-Modi visit, it has never been deeper in the memory of the president. The official said China was a major issue of discussion between the two leaders. "In reality... it (China) is not the glue of our relationship at all, but it's one of the factors and I think we're gonna have that glue for a long time to come," the official, familiar with the discussions between the two leaders last month, said on condition of anonymity. Both India and the United States believe that China poses a major national security threat to them, the official said, noting that the Biden administration thinks New Delhi has been ahead of Washington in terms of handling Beijing. The Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights Uzra Zeya had a meeting with the Dalai Lama a couple of weeks ago in New Delhi, and "the Chinese kind of went nuts about that", the official noted. "They (Indians are) in some ways were ahead of us. It is much more existential for them in terms of countering the China threat. Whether it's banning TikTok, whether it was building up mobile networks with no Chinese equipment, they've actually shown a way forward of what de-risking looks like. And that's why I think they're so critical," said the official. "At the same time, they still depend on a lot of Chinese things, just like we do. China has been a real irritant in the G-20 for them," the official noted, giving an insight into the G-20 discussions and the balancing act that India is doing to bring all stakeholders together. In India "Modi's popularity is about 80% in some polls, so is America's," the senior administration said. "That's not just reflected at the very top which is where we usually write about or hear about. It's, I think, underneath that at the government-to-government level business-to-business level. And then people to people," the official said. "Vice versa, if the bridge from India to America is a steel reinforced four-lane highway, a strong, stable bridge; I would describe in years past the bridge from America to India has been like a rope bridge with every other plank missing. Like we don't know India and Indians anywhere near the level that India and Indians know America and Americans. I think that's beginning to change," said the official, referring to a large number of high-level visits to India. There's hardly a week or two that goes by without a major US government representative being in the country. And then on the business side, it's like a steady stream of CEOs, he said, adding "some have better strategies than others, but everybody's like rushing India." "It's one of those moments where, if you rewind the clock, China 15 years ago was raising people at this pace out of poverty into the middle class. India is actually doing it a little faster than China was 15 or 20 years ago. You just look at the metrics, whether it's the number one source of student visas now, India surpassed China last year, whether it's the investment, which is a record level, and we're the number one trading partner for India for the first time. And another number of other metrics," the official said. "This is the most significant country in many ways for them and becoming one of the most. The president said one of the most consequential relationships we have. Privately he's expressed ... that this is the most important relationship that we have, at least in terms of growth and, and the future," said the official.

Indo-US relationship much stronger after PM Modi's recent US visit: Biden admin official

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Relations between the US and <keyword id="11892747" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> and between <keyword id="11892748" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="china" source="Orion">China</keyword> and <keyword id="11893449" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pakistan" source="Orion">Pakistan</keyword> are growing closer.</li><li>India and Pakistan are looking to boost their military capabilities, while the US and China are looking for support of their regional and global ambitions.</li></ul>In the final months of 2021, Pakistan <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/11/pakistan-navy-commissions-1st-type-054-a-p-frigate-pns-tughril/" target="_top">commissioned</a> the first of four Chinese-built Tughril-class frigates and <a href="https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2022/01/03/pakistan-confirms-chinese-firebird-fighter-acquisition/" target="_top">confirmed</a> its intentions to buy 25 of China's <a href="https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/j-10/" target="_top">J-10C</a> fighter jets.Those are only the latest high-profile defense projects between Beijing and Islamabad, and they are emblematic of the growing relations between two countries with a common goal: countering the threat they see in India.At the same time, India has increasingly turned to the US to meet its defense needs. The US has become a large supplier of arms to India over the past decade, and the two countries have deepened <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-intelligence-sharing-with-india-helps-monitor-chinese-military-2020-12" target="_top">their defense cooperation</a> as well.The moves add another geopolitical layer to what was already one of the world's most intense rivalries.<h2>Old rivals seek new friends</h2><div type="image" title="Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan in Chinese J-10C jet" height="683" width="1024" msid="90400022" hostid="261"></div>Before China became Pakistan's chief arms supplier in the 1990s, Islamabad relied on the US for higher-end defense equipment and assistance — a partnership borne out of cooperation to oust the Soviets from Afghanistan in the 1980s.China and Pakistan's military relationship dates to the 1960s, but in recent years, the Pakistani military's hardware has increasingly come from China or through joint Pakistani-Chinese ventures.Virtually all of <a href="https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/11/19/pakistan-resumes-armor-modernization-as-terror-threat-recedes/" target="_top">Pakistan's main battle tanks</a> are exported Chinese models or variants of Chinese tanks developed in Pakistan, like the <a href="https://www.army-technology.com/projects/alzarrarmianbattleta/" target="_top">Al-Zarrar</a>. Pakistan has fielded upgraded variants of the <a href="https://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan_pakistani_army_tanks_heavy_armoured_uk/al_khalid_al-khalid_main_battle_tank_technical_data_pictures.html" target="_top">Al-Khalid</a> tank, developed jointly with a Chinese firm and in production since 2001, and <a href="https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/pakistan-army-holds-induction-ceremony-for-vt4-mbt" target="_top">begun acquiring</a> Chinese-made <a href="https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_heavy_armoured_vehicle_tank_uk/vt4_mbt-3000_norinco_mbt_main_battle_tank_data_pictures_video.html" target="_top">VT-4</a> tanks.The workhorse of Pakistan's Air Force is the <a href="https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/fc1xiaolongjf17thund/" target="_top">JF-17</a>, a fighter developed jointly with China and meant to replace Pakistan's aging Chinese-made J-7s. The PAF also <a href="https://eurasiantimes.com/satellite-image-reveals-chinese-predator-drones-armed-with-hellfire-type-missiles-stationed-at-pakistani-airbase/" target="_top">operates</a> a number of Chinese-made drones capable of strike missions.As the PAF's use of its US-made F-16s is <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world-report/articles/2019-12-11/state-department-reprimanded-pakistan-in-august-for-misusing-f-16s-document-shows" target="_top">limited</a> by the terms of their sale, buying J-10Cs may be an attempt to substitute or even replace the American fighter with one Pakistan can actually use against India.<div type="image" title="Pakistan Zulfiqar-class frigate Shamsheer" height="1337" width="2000" msid="90400023" hostid="261"></div>At sea, three of the Pakistani navy's four <a href="https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/sword-f22p/" target="_top">Zulfiquar-class</a> frigates were built in China like the Tughril-class frigates, the fourth of which was <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/12/chinese-shipyard-launches-two-type-054-frigates-and-one-type-071e-lpd/" target="_top">launched</a> in December.China is also helping Pakistan <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/12/pakistan-cuts-steel-for-5th-hangor-class-submarine-pns-tasnim/" target="_top">build</a> eight Hangor-class submarines — a variant of China's <a href="https://news.usni.org/2015/08/31/essay-inside-the-design-of-chinas-yuan-class-submarine" target="_top">Type 039A</a> diesel-electric sub — splitting production between Chinese and Pakistani shipyards. They are expected to be delivered between 2022 and 2028 and will <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/10/pakistans-new-chinese-aip-submarines-image-shows-karachi-site/" target="_top">double</a> the size of Pakistan's submarine fleet.The defense relationship <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-and-Pakistan-ink-military-MOU-to-counter-US-India-pact" target="_top">goes beyond</a> weapons sales. China and Pakistan <a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1646630" target="_top">regularly</a> conduct <a href="https://cscr.pk/explore/themes/defense-security/importance-of-shaheen-exercises-for-pakistan-air-force-and-indian-concerns/" target="_top">joint</a> and multinational <a href="https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_chinas-warships-hold-joint-naval-drill-pakistan/6182310.html" target="_top">military exercises</a>. Officials from both countries speak of their relationship in glowing terms, describing it as <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/Pakistan-China-and-terrorism" target="_top">"close as lips and teeth"</a> and <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/10161516/China-Pakistan-friendship-sweeter-than-honey-says-Nawaz-Sharif.html" target="_top">"sweeter than honey."</a>As its two fiercest rivals have deepened their defense ties, India has deepened its own military partnerships, in particular with Russia, which has for decades supplied India with advanced hardware.The US has historically been reluctant to sell arms to India because of New Delhi's ties with Moscow and fears that those weapons may be used in a war in <keyword id="11893424" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="south-asia" source="Orion">South Asia</keyword>. But in recent years India has increased its purchases of defense equipment from the US and other Western countries.<div type="image" title="India Australia US Navy P-8" height="1125" width="1500" msid="90400024" hostid="261"></div>Since the signing of the <a href="http://library.rumsfeld.com/doclib/sp/3211/2005-06-28%20New%20Framework%20for%20the%20US-India%20Defense%20Relationship.pdf" target="_top">New Framework for the US-India Defense Relationship</a> in 2005, India has purchased <a href="https://theprint.in/defence/c-130j-super-hercules-lands-on-national-highway-heres-a-look-at-past-landings-on-expressways/730942/" target="_top">dozens</a> of US-made <a href="https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/india-takes-delivery-of-11th-c-17-globemaster-from-united-states/" target="_top">cargo</a> aircraft and <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-gets-final-batch-of-apache-attack-helicopters-amid-ongoing-standoff-with-china/articleshow/76896252.cms" target="_top">attack</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZXNXX1aS08" target="_top">transport</a> helicopters — including <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-aircraft-boost-india-efforts-to-counter-china-at-sea-2021-7" target="_top">MH-60R Seahawk</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-china-more-us-made-sub-hunting-planes-2018-1" target="_top">P-8I maritime patrol planes</a>, both of which are important for Indian efforts to keep an eye on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/after-himalayan-clash-india-prepares-navy-to-take-on-china-2021-6" target="_top">increasing Chinese activity</a> in the <keyword id="13267637" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="indian-ocean" source="Orion">Indian Ocean</keyword>.The F/A-18, the F-15EX, and the F-21 (an F-16 variant made just for India by Lockheed Martin) are all <a href="https://eurasiantimes.com/indias-20b-multi-role-fighter-aircraft-mrfa-contract-junk-us-fighters/" target="_top">in the running</a> to fill an Indian order for 114 new fighter jets. The F/A-18 is also <a href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/india-closing-fa-18-super-hornet-its-carrier-fighter-200384" target="_top">a contender</a> to be used aboard India's first domestically built aircraft carrier, <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-sea-trails-7714755/" target="_top">INS Vikrant</a>.The US has also sold India lethal weaponry such as <a href="https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/india-mk-54-lightweight-torpedoes-0" target="_top">torpedos</a>, anti-ship <a href="https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/india-agm-84l-harpoon-air-launched-block-ii-missiles" target="_top">missiles</a>, <a href="https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/india-mk-45-gun-system" target="_top">naval guns</a>, an anti-aircraft <a href="https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/india-integrated-air-defense-weapon-system-iadws-and-related-equipment" target="_top">system</a>, <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-to-get-firepower-boost-in-mountains-with-more-m777-guns-101636896249075.html" target="_top">M777 howitzers</a>, and 144,000 US-made <a href="https://theprint.in/defence/indian-army-to-order-second-batch-of-72000-sig-716-assault-rifles-from-us/459438/" target="_top">SIG716</a> rifles.India's military participates in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-indian-soldiers-yudh-abhyas-exercise-alaska-amid-china-tension-2021-12" target="_top">land</a> and <a href="https://www.stripes.com/theaters/asia_pacific/2021-10-14/quad-malabar-naval-drills-india-us-australia-japan-3237200.html" target="_top">naval</a> exercises with the US, and the two sides have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-intelligence-sharing-with-india-helps-monitor-chinese-military-2020-12" target="_top">expanded their intelligence-sharing</a> amid tensions along India's disputed border with China.<h2>Geopolitical realities</h2><div type="image" title="India China border guards" height="1648" width="2464" msid="90400025" hostid="261"></div>The developments in the China-Pakistan and US-India relationships reflect the geopolitical realities in South Asia and across the Asia-Pacific region.India and Pakistan have looked to the US and to China to boost their military capabilities, while the US and China are looking to India and Pakistan to support their regional and global ambitions.Pakistan's <a href="https://www.voanews.com/a/the-implications-of-deepening-economic-ties-between-pakistan-china-/6443711.html" target="_top">reliance on China</a>, in particular Chinese investment in the <a href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/china-pakistan-economic-corridor-hard-reality-greets-bris-signature-initiative" target="_top">China-Pakistan Economic Corridor</a>, will only increase in the aftermath of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. The withdrawal is also likely to reduce the US's commitment to Pakistan, as they are aligned on few other issues."The China-Pakistan relationship is deeper because China's goals are more aligned with what Pakistan wants, which is the ability to counter its main rival, India," Timothy Heath, a senior <keyword id="6356001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international" source="Orion">international</keyword> and defense researcher at the Rand Corporation think tank, told Insider.<div type="image" title="Pakistan Gwadar port China Kashgar trade" height="1331" width="2000" msid="90400027" hostid="261"></div>"China hopes to keep a strong, relatively well-equipped and well-armed Pakistan as a partner, because from Beijing's perspective, that helps keep a potential rival — namely India — distracted and unable to cause more problems for China," Heath added.Some in Pakistan <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/23/opinion/pakistan-united-states-china.html" target="_top">are wary</a> of going all-in on China and may seek rapprochement with the US, particularly if China grows reluctant to invest further in Pakistan's struggling economy. Beijing has also stopped short of making a military commitment to Pakistan — largely because it fears getting dragged into a full-blown conflict between Pakistan and India."They have a good deal where they use Pakistan to box in India and they stay outside and allow those two to bleed each other and beat each other up a little bit," Heath said.While Beijing wants to avoid "extreme escalations," Heath said, "tensions of a low simmering type are useful for China."For India, the US has emerged as a prime partner as Delhi grows more concerned with Chinese ambitions and the potential for conflict along its borders with both China and Pakistan.<div type="image" title="India Pakistan MiG-21 missiles" height="1331" width="2000" msid="90400028" hostid="261"></div>The US-India relationship is "primarily driven by a strategic convergence," said Rahul Bhatia, a research analyst at Carnegie India."New Delhi and Washington essentially want multipolarity in the Indo-Pacific and a rules-based international order, which very loosely translates to containing China," Bhatia said, adding that "they need each other for that."But despite a deepening defense relationship, India doesn't seek a full-fledged alliance with the US for a variety of political and economic reasons."When the US wants to sell a country arms, they are looking at building up a strategic partnership and interoperability. What India looks at when it's buying arms is building its own defense industrial base and the transfer of technology," Bhatia said.Moreover, India does not want to break from its traditional stance of non-alignment."They want to maintain their strategic autonomy," Heath said. "That's a very deeply rooted tradition vigorously alive in India today."

The US and China are picking sides in one of the world's most dangerous rivalries

In the history of <keyword id="171345" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india-us-ties" source="Orion">India-US ties</keyword>, 2022 has been a huge year and the next year will be even bigger, a top White House official has said, asserting that the Biden administration sees this alliance as among the most consequential relationships for America anywhere in the world. Principal Deputy National Security Advisor Jon Finer also applauded Prime Minister Narendra Modi for being instrumental in forging a consensus during the recently concluded <keyword id="417259" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="g-20-summit" source="Orion">G-20 Summit</keyword> in Indonesia's Bali province. "Looking around the world when the United States and (its) President (Joe) Biden look for partners that can truly help carry the load, truly helped move forward a global agenda, India and Prime Minister Modi are very high on that list," Finer told a gathering of several hundred Indian-Americans here on Sunday. "We just saw this in real-time at the G-20 where the prime minister was instrumental in forging a consensus around a joint statement among a far-flung group of countries and in the comments and work that the prime minister has done and others in the Indian government have done to highlight the increasing risk related to nuclear issues," he said. This relationship is being steered by Prime Minister Modi and President Biden who have met more than 15 times, the latest one being in Bali last week, said India's Ambassador to the US Taranjit Singh Sandhu, addressing the gathering at a lunch reception hosted by him to celebrate the 'Festival Season'. The unique event organised by the Embassy of India showcased the syncretic nature of Indian culture. The event saw festivals of different faiths - from Diwali to Hanukkah, Eid to Bodhi day, and from Gurpurab to Christmas celebrated with aplomb. Attended by top officials of the Biden administration, including Senior Advisor to the President Neera Tanden and Surgeon General Dr Vivek Murthy, the event demonstrated amply India's unique stature as the embodiment of 'Unity in Diversity' - a land where various faiths have not only coexisted but flourished. "This event really demonstrates so much about what President Biden is talking about when he talks about an inclusive country, a country that celebrates our diversity and our strength in diversity," Tanden said. "I'm grateful for this partnership between the United States and India. I think it has been important in the past, but it will be even more important going forward," Murthy said. Reflecting on his views on the India-US relationship, Finer reiterated the administration's commitment to it and said 2022 and 2023 are two critical years for this. "The year 2022 was huge in US-India relations. We think we have an even bigger year ahead in 2023. We have the Quad summit on the agenda coming up. We have India's G20 presidency, which I know we're all looking forward to, including Prime Minister Modi," Finer said in his address. He referred to the 2+2 Quad ministerial meetings taking place this spring, the relaunch of Indi US CEO dialogue and launch of critical and emerging technology dialogue early in 2023. "That's just the tip of the iceberg," Finer said, adding that both 2022 and 2023 are emblematic of how this relationship has proceeded for decades now. The entire Biden administration and certainly the president sees this as among the most consequential relationships for the US anywhere in the world, but also almost uniquely one of the relationships that still retains some of the greatest potential to continue to evolve and strengthen and improve, Finer said. "We are deeply committed to doing just that. It's easy to see why that is the case. At a time that can be extremely difficult to forge a bipartisan consensus in Washington on almost anything, there is a strong bipartisan consensus in support of the US-India relationship and has been for decades and a high degree of continuity from one administration to the next," he said. "There is obviously an increasing alignment of our interests, both geopolitically and as two world-leading democracies. And then, of course, the deep ties and incredible dynamism of our diaspora community, our cultural ties or commercial ties. "And then finally, and I don't want this to be lost, there are the ties of our leadership, which we consider to be hugely important," he said. Among those who attended the event included an array of important dignitaries, with friends of India from the administration, the US Congress, from different states, the think-tank community, private sector organisations, and the Indian diaspora. Notable attendees included Special Presidential Coordinator Amos Hochstein and Lieutenant Governor-Elect of Maryland Aruna Miller. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/india-played-essential-role-in-negotiating-g20-declaration-white-house/articleshow/95617104.cms">India played essential role in negotiating G20 declaration: White House</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/real-estate-investors-may-be-turning-to-india-following-a-continued-slump-in-chinas-property-market-says-a-report/articleshow/95649758.cms" style="">Real estate investors may be turning to India following a continued slump in China's property market, says a report</a>

2022 huge year for US-India ties, 2023 to be even bigger: White House

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In a move likely to anger the US, Modi is visiting Russia.</li><li>It signals strong ties between the two countries and shows that India is pursuing its own agenda.</li></ul>In a move likely to anger the US, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is visiting Russia on Monday for his first bilateral trip after winning a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-election-results-complicates-plans-unseat-china-modi-bjp-2024-6">historic third term</a> in office.Modi's two-day visit to Russia — where he is scheduled to meet with President Vladimir Putin — is significant in that it signals strong ties between New Delhi and Moscow. It also shows the world that India is not afraid to pursue its own agenda.Vinay Kwatra, India's foreign secretary, told reporters in New Delhi that issues between Russia and India have "piled up" and "need to be addressed," <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-07/putin-hosts-modi-after-hailing-best-in-history-ties-with-india-rival-china">Bloomberg reported</a>.Russia's relationship with India goes back to the Cold War, and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/rise-in-trade-with-russia-not-a-temporary-phenomenon-s-jaishankar-429969-2024-05-17">trade between the two countries</a> has grown since Russia started the war in Ukraine. <a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/russian-oil-india-purchases-us-crude-wti-sanctions-ukraine-war-2024-3">India is a major buyer of Russian oil</a>. Russia is also India's biggest arms supplier.Kwatra underscored that the two countries' trade relationship has remained "resilient."Still, Modi's trip will "rankle many Western observers," Ved Shinde, a researcher and contributor to Australia's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/why-modi-will-go-moscow">Lowy Institute</a>, wrote in a note on Wednesday."Since the Ukraine war began, India's purchase of cheap oil from Russia has been seen as profiting from troubles in the heart of Europe," Shinde added.<h2 id="05696275-c92a-4ee6-84e4-fd193ca99db2">Modi's visit to Russia will make the US look bad</h2>Just like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vietnam-russia-putin-visit-us-wary-manufacturing-supply-chain-diplomacy-2024-6">Putin's visit to supply-chain hot spot Vietnam</a>, India's engagement with Russia isn't a good look for the US, as it comes while Washington is trying to isolate Putin.The US has raised "some concerns" about India's relationship with Russia with New Delhi, Kurt Campbell, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.state.gov/special-online-briefing-with-deputy-secretary-of-state-kurt-m-campbell/">US deputy secretary of state</a>, said last month.However, Washington acknowledges that India's ties with Russia are different from its ties with the US."We have many areas of alignment, but it is not surprising that there would be areas where we've had perhaps different perspectives, views, historical ties," Campbell said about America's relationship with India.India, for its part, is looking to balance its relationship with the world's key powerbrokers: the US, Russia, and China."There are different degrees in India's multi-alignment. Make no mistake — the United States and its allies are more consequential for India's future than its relationship with Russia," Shinde wrote.India needs to leverage its historical ties with Russia to secure its economy and security, so Modi isn't just in Russia for a goodwill trip.<h2 id="c79db6fd-b57b-4ff5-8f16-bc16c77b8021">Reducing the trade imbalance</h2>A key agenda item for the visit is to reduce a huge bilateral trade imbalance, Kwatra said.India imports about $60 billion of goods a year from Russia, but Russia buys less than 10% of this amount from India, Bloomberg reported.Modi may also touch on China's activities in the Indo-Pacific region, Kwatra added.India is trying to manage its relationship with China, which has been testy since a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-china-border-clashes-could-cause-more-indian-ocean-activity-2020-7">border dispute in 2020</a>. Modi skipped the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Kazakhstan last week.There's also the matter of Russia's ties with China.At the summit last week, Putin said <a target="_blank" href="https://apnews.com/video/kazakhstan-china-government-russia-government-russia-5b1c1a8f402c400d8d703543b0562b51">Russia's relationship with China</a> is in the "best period in history."Modi now needs to cozy up to Putin to counter China's advances."The reason for the time-tested stability in India-Russia ties is to maintain a continental balance in the Eurasian heartland. That is, to balance China," Shinde wrote."Or to put it another way, don't go around making new adversaries when there are already two open fronts — China and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-and-china-pick-sides-in-tense-india-pakistan-rivalry-2022-3">Pakistan</a>," he added.

Modi's Russia visit shows India isn't worried about making the US mad

Raising the priority of economic ties with India to the very top of the US-India bilateral agenda should be the focus of US-India relationship, States a US think tank while suggesting a joint venture model for the same.
 “A rising India offers one of the most substantial opportunities to advance American national interests over the next two decades," asserts a new Independent Task Force report sponsored by the <keyword id="118591" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Council-on-Foreign-Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</keyword> (CFR). Rebounding from a recent economic growth slump, India has surpassed China this year to become the world's fastest-growing major economy, noted the report titled 'Working With a Rising India: A Joint Venture for the New Century." 

	"If India can maintain its current growth rate, let alone attain sustained double digits, it has the potential over the next two to three decades to follow China on the path to becoming another $10 trillion economy," it said.
 With Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword>'s prioritisation of economic growth and foreign policy revitalisation, India now has a window of opportunity to either make the necessary reforms or risk being left behind, the task force said. 

	Because India does not seek an alliance with the United States and closely guards its policy independence, US-India relations will not resemble those Washington has with its conventional allies, it said. For that reason, the task force recommended that "US policymakers [should] explicitly emphasise a 'joint-venture' model for US-India relations, focused on a slate of shared pursuits on which interests converge - and with clear mechanisms for coordinating and managing the known and expected disagreements." 
 

	Recommending "raising the priority of economic ties with India to the very top of the US-India bilateral agenda," the task force calls for transforming economic relations in the way defence and strategic cooperation was recast over the past decade. 
 

	The task force made up of 16 prominent experts from government, academic, non-profit, and other sectors identified four specific areas for joint ventures: the cyber domain, global health, climate change and clean energy, and democracy. 
 

	It also suggested that to reduce the chances of conflict that could delay or hinder India's global rise, the US "should encourage India to improve its relationship with Pakistan-as an investment in its own rise-particularly, at least to start, through greater trade connectivity." 
 

	Noting that the drawback of US and other external forces in Afghanistan is fueling India's concerns about regional instability, the task force recommended that the US extend its commitment to Afghanistan. 
 This it said should be even beyond President <keyword id="15962" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Barack-Obama">Barack Obama</keyword>'s decision to slow the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan and retain a force of some 5,000 US troops in the country into 2017." 
	 
	(Image credits: Indiatimes)

Joint venture model would work best for Indo-US relations, suggests US think tank

India is emerging as the most sought after developing market and an important partner for the US. According to a survey conducted by PwC and Indo American Chamber of Commerce (IACC), the bilateral trade between the two countries is likely to touch $500 billion by 2025. 
 
Even ahead of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=modi+us+visit">Prime Minister Narendra Modi's</a> visit to <keyword id="6357722" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="silicon-valley">Silicon Valley</keyword>, the <keyword id="181958" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="US-India-Business-Council">US-India Business Council</keyword> (<keyword id="160091" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="USIBC">USIBC</keyword>) had expressed support for his key initiatives such as <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=digital+india">Digital India</a>, Start up India, Stand up India, and Skill India. 
 
The trade between the two countries has the potential to grow up to $500 billion through concerned efforts from all stakeholders - government leaders and investors, corporates, businesses and entrepreneurs. 
 
Shashank Tripathi, Strategy Consulting leader at PwC India, said, "India continues to emerge as one of the most important markets in the developing world and an important trading partner for the US. This is evident by the four-fold growth in the India-US trade since 2006 to $100 billion in 2014." 
 
Tripathi further added that the drivers to achieve this trade growth would be the five key sectors: 
· Aerospace and defence (A&amp;D) 
· Infrastructure and logistics 
· Energy 
· Manufacturing 
· Services 
 
"These sectors are of the utmost importance to the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=indo+us+relationship">Indo-US relationship</a>," said Tripathi said. 
 
As per the report, there is a large space to release the real potential of the trade in order to strengthen strategic relationship between the two countries. 
 
According to Tripathi, "This is increasingly important, since in the new world order, economic interests drive strategic partnerships to the mutual benefit of the world's largest and oldest democracies. The two nations should initiate more trade missions and remove barriers that affect the trade and investment among other initiatives from the government and corporates." 
 IACC secretary general Ranjana Khanna said, "Both the governments need to improve the business environment, provide tax incentives and simplify regulations. Positive signs are already emerging with the government's focus on the Make in India initiative, bilateral shared forum on manufacturing, and the <keyword id="338363" type="POSITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India-US-CEO">India-US CEO</keyword> Forum." 
 
She further said strategic trading relationship is only the first step in creating a more meaningful partnership between two of the largest democracies in the world. 
 
This relationship may lead the two nations to work together in areas such as space exploration, climate change and counter-terrorism. Apart from these, both the US and India can also build a stronger people partnership and can together solve some of the grave issued that the world is facing today. 
 
While roadblocks may arise in the course of time, the commonalities of interests are immense for growth in trade between India and the US, she said. 
(Image: Reuters)

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