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<keyword id="6373840" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="UPSC">UPSC</keyword> exam is undoubtedly one of the toughest exam to crack, and even candidates with no worried in the world but of studies find it hard to pass the exam in one go. However, this year, 28-year-old <keyword id="4606817" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="ummul-kher">Ummul Kher</keyword> has managed to clear the exam in one shot, bravely crossing all the possible hurdles that she could have faced in her journey.Born with fragile bone disorder, Ummul was just five when her family moved to Delhi from Marwar, Rajasthan, where she lived with her parents in a slum near Nizamuddin. Her father, a street vendor, sold clothes in nearby areas, and Ummul’s formative years were spent in struggle. Being physically unfit, she studied in Pt Deendayal Upadhyaya Institute for The Physically Handicapped till Class V. The family had to shift to Trilokpuri in 2001, after their shanties were demolished by the Delhi Development Authority. Once there, to make ends meet and for her financially deprived family, the bright Ummul started giving tuitions to slum children. She was just 11 then.Her inclination towards academics was not well supported by her parents who did not believe in educating girls beyond Class VIII. After failing to convince them for letting her study further, she took the bold decision and moved out of her house. In her quest for knowledge, she was supported by a trust that funded her education, because of which she got admission in Gargi College, Delhi. However, her struggling days were far from over. In 2012, she met with an accident that left her with 16 fractures and bound to a wheelchair for around a year, requiring eight surgeries.Undeterred, she cracked the Junior Research Fellowship for her Masters in International Studies in <keyword id="58265" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Jawaharlal-Nehru-University">Jawaharlal Nehru University</keyword>, after which she was paid Rs 25,000 per month. After clearing JRF-NET, she started her M Phil from <keyword id="6356383" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="JNU">JNU</keyword>, and is currently pursuing her Ph.D from there. Having a strong will to make a name for herself, Ummur secured 420th rank in the UPSC exam, and is now determined that she would become an IAS officer and serve the people of her country. (Image source IndiaTimes)

From a slum dweller to an aspiring IAS, here’s the inspiring story of Ummul Kher

FATF expanded as Financial Action task Force was established during the G7 summit that was conducted in Paris in the year 1989. The stakeholders in this organization include the heads of the G7 countries, the heads of eight other countries and the President of the European Commission. FATF Objectives The principal objective of FATF is to evolve the standards and norms pertaining to the regulatory measures to combat money laundering, terrorist financing and a range of other related threats that pose a risk tot eh health of the international financial system. FATF works with the nation states to encourage some legislative changes and reforms in the sectors discussed above. Also, FATF provides policy recommendations that comply with the international standards in the line of combating money laundering, proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction, and terrorism funding. Since 1990, FATF has revised its recommendations four times. FATF Member Nations The official website of FATF says the organization has 39 members. The members of the FATF represent major financial centers around the world. What is FATF Blacklist? FATF Blacklist refers to the FATF list of "Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories" (NCCTs). The OECD Blacklist has been published from the year 2000 and this list consists of the names of the countries that are non-cooperative with regard to the global measures to combat money laundering and terrorism financing. The FATF updates this blacklist regularly by adding or deleting the entries made. The case of Pakistan and FATF Blacklist The FATF review entered Pakistan in the grey list in June 2018. The organization gave 27 action plans for the country to be fulfilled before September 2019 for being considered to get the country out of the grey list. The recent reviews have discovered that the country could only fulfill 7 conditions out of the 27 which will mean a bad performance by Pakistan in the lines of addressing the AML/CFT deficiencies. What can be expected during the FATF meeting in Paris on October 18, 2019? The FATF meeting in Paris on October 18, 2019 will decide what has to happen with the grey listing of Pakistan. The three possibilities in front of the country would be to get out of the grey list, to continue in the grey list or in the worst case, enter the black list. Only if three countries support the motion, Pakistan has chances of not entering the blacklist. In order to get out of the grey list, Pakistan will need the support of not less than 15 countries, which might not come through this time. So, the greatest chances are there for the country to be continued in the grey list. Implications of grey / black listing for Pakistan At a time when Pakistan is already facing a severe economic crisis, grey listing of the country will take a further toll on the country. It will make borrowing of money from other countries a difficult thing for Pakistan. The only choice for Pakistan could be to request for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for help. If this has to come through, Pakistan will be forced to share the complete details about its foreign funding including China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the Chinese funded project. If this happens, it will create a serious setback for both China and Pakistan as this project has been kept as a secrecy till date for some ulterior reasons. Summary of FATF Statements from 2012 FATF February 2012 statement identified 23 countries that had not implemented the FATF standards. The list said the countries that committed and addressing the AML/CFT deficiencies included Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Sudan, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. The countries that had committed, but did not make sufficient progress included Ecuador, Philippines, Vietnam, and Yemen. The 2012 FATF list also listed 17 countries as high-risk and non-cooperative including Iran, North Korea, Bolivia, Cuba, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sao Tome and Principe, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, and Turkey. FATF June 2013 statement listed 14 countries that were said to have strategic deficiencies coming as risk to the international financial system including Iran, North Korea, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Myanmar, Pakistan, São Tomé and Príncipe, Syria, Tanzania, Turkey, Vietnam, and Yemen. The list also mentioned that the above said countries had not made sufficient progress with regard to addressing the deficiencies and had not committed to an action plan. FATF October 2013 statement mentioned the names of 13 countries that had strategic AML/CFT deficiencies and had not made the desired progress in rectifying the deficiencies or committing to an action plan. The names of the countries included Iran, North Korea, Algeria, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Myanmar, Tanzania, Turkey, and Yemen. FATF February 2014 statement listed 11 countries that posed a risk to the international financial system including Iran, North Korea, Algeria, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, and Yemen. FATF June 2014 statement listed 6 countries that did not make sufficient progress in line with rectifying the AML/CFT deficiencies including Iran, North Korea, Algeria, Ecuador, Indonesia, and Myanmar. FATF February 2015 statement listed 6 counties that had made a significant progress with regard to improving their AML/CFT regime and said these countries were no longer subject to the FATF monitoring process. The countries included Cambodia, Kuwait, Namibia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, and Zimbabwe. The FATF October 2015 statement listed three counties including Iran, North Korea and Myanmar as non-cooperative jurisdictions and high risk countries with strategic deficiencies. February 2016 FATF statement dropped Panama from the grey list and called the two countries namely Iran and North Korea to apply counter-measures. Through the FATF February 2017 statement, the FATF published the following concern regarding North Korea saying, “The FATF remains concerned by the DPRK’s failure to address the significant deficiencies in its anti‑money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime and the serious threat this poses to the integrity of the international financial system. The FATF urges the DPRK to immediately and meaningfully address its AML/CFT deficiencies. Further, FATF has serious concerns with the threat posed by DPRK’s illicit activities related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and its financing.” In November 2017, Uganda was removed from the FATF review process since the country had improved its AML/CFT regime. On the same grounds, Bosnia and Herzegovina were removed from the list in February 2018 and Iraq and Vanuatu were removed from the list in June 2018. The June 2018 Public Statement by FATF expressed its disappointment over Iran’s failure to implement its action plan to rectify the AML/CFT deficiencies. In the same Public statement, FATF grey listed Pakistan for the second time. See Also: <a data-type="tilCustomLink">Pakistan's fate hangs in balance as FATF begins meeting in Paris</a>

Explained: FATF Origin, Objectives, functions and why Pakistan is in trouble

UNSG or SG is the abbreviation of the office known as The secretary-general of the United Nations. This person is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, which is one of the six principal wings of the United Nations. The main role of the United Nations Secretary-General is to function as the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. The functions, responsibilities and powers of the UNSG is laid down clearly in the United Nations Charter in Chapter XV (Articles 97 to 101). The present UNSG - António Guterres As of 2019, the UNSG is António Guterres, who hails from Portugal. He was duly appointed in his post by the General Assembly convened on October 13, 2016. Born in 1949, António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres is a diplomat and politician from Portuguese. He is the ninth UNSG in line since the establishment of the United Nations Organization. Before assuming this office, António Guterres served as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 2005 to 2015. Earlier, he was also the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002. He was also the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party between 1992 and 2002. Antonio Guterres served as President of the Socialist International between 1999 and 2005. Most notably, he was ranked by the Portuguese public as the best Prime Minister of the 30 previous years in the country. Selection of the UNSG The Secretariat Building is about 505 feet tall and is the central masterpiece of the United Nations Headquarters. The Secretary-General is elected for this post by the General Assembly. In doing so, the General Assembly considers the recommendations of the United Nations Security Council. Since the recommendation must be made by the Security Council, any five permanent members of this body have the power to veto a nomination. In most cases, the UNSG is persons hailing from middle powers and do not have much fame before they were elected to this office. Precedent in previous selections set the official qualifications for the office of the UNSG. The person who will be appointed to this office must not be the citizen of the five permanent members of the United Nations Organization. As per the General Assembly resolution 51/241 that was made by the UNO in 1997, due consideration must be given to factors like the rotation of the candidates’ national origin and gender equality. However, so strangely, no woman candidate was ever selected for this post so far. The tenure of the UNSG will be 5 years. Excepting Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was vetoed by the United States during the 1996 selection, every UNSG was reselected for this post for the second consecutive term. Till date, no secretary-general has ever attempted to secure this post for the third term. Role of UNSG The main role of the UNSG is to function as the world moderator. The secretary-general of the UN is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. He is the one who heads every single meeting of the UN General Assembly, and of the UN Security Council, Trusteeship Council and the Economic and Social Council. The UNSG is also responsible for submitting the annual report to the General Assembly. Their crucial function is to notify the Security Council about the issues that "in their opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security". The UN Secretary-General’s office is much dependent on the support rendered by the member states of the UN. However, the UNSG has the power to place any item on the provisional agenda of the Security Council. A greater part of their mediation work happens behind the scenes. Top Quotes by Antonio Guterres "The legacy of nuclear testing is nothing but destruction. The CTBT is vital to ensuring there are no more victims; it is also essential to advancing nuclear disarmament." "National priorities may differ, but the international community shares a common goal to protect people’s security and well-being while striving for the progress and dignity of all." "For millions in conflict-affected situations around the world, peacekeeping is a necessity and hope. Let us work together to make peacekeeping more effective in protecting people and advancing peace." "On World Press Freedom Day, I call on all to defend the rights of journalists, whose efforts help us to build a better world for all.” "No democracy is complete without access to transparent and reliable information. It is the cornerstone for building fair and impartial institutions, holding leaders accountable and speaking truth to power." The list of UNGS from the beginning till date 1. Gladwyn Jebb (1945–1946) 2. Trygve Lie (1946–1952) 3. Dag Hammarskjöld (1953-1961) 4. U Thant (1961-1971) 5. Kurt Waldheim (1972-1981) 6. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (1982-1991) 7. Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992–1996) 8. Kofi Annan (1997–2006) 9. Ban Ki-moon (2007-2016) 10. António Guterres (2017 – till date)

All about UNGS António Guterres, functions, selection, quotes and history

Danish Siddiqui/Reuters <ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/india">India</a> has one of the largest economies in the world, and it's growing quickly.</li><li>But corruption and violence have cost the nation more than $1 trillion.</li><li>Read on for nine incredible facts about India's economy.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/india">India</a> is a thriving nation with a population <a href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/">estimated at around 1.37 billion people</a>, so it's little wonder that its economy is one of the largest on the planet. Currently, India has the seventh largest economy based on GDP, but it is poised to move up the list if current expansion trends there continue. This rapid expansion remains hampered by<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ronakdesai/2018/03/07/india-continues-to-be-one-of-the-most-corrupt-countries-in-the-world/#512bfba379c6"> corruption at all levels of government</a> and by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/violence-cost-indias-economy-9-of-its-gdp-last-year-2018-6">endemic violence that plagues many of India's</a> 29 states. In fact, were it not for these twin issues, India would likely already enjoy a more robust economy - economists estimate India lost out on more than $1 trillion <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/violence-cost-indias-economy-9-of-its-gdp-last-year-2018-6">because of violence</a> in 2017 alone. Troubles aside, India remains a massive global exporter, an agricultural powerhouse, and home to all <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/all-of-the-10-fastest-growing-cities-in-the-world-are-in-india-2019-1">10 of the fastest growing cities in the world</a>. Read on for nine surprising facts about India's economy.

9 incredible facts about India's economy

On Tuesday, July 16, 2019, the Rajya Sabha passed the AERA (Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India) Bill with an aim to bid out any new airport on the basis of a pre-approved tariff structure. While replying during the discussion on the said bill, Hardeep Singh Puri, the Civil Aviation Minister said, "As many as 16 airports will be in the purview of AERA. All other airports continue to be looked after by the Civil Aviation Ministry." The implications of the AERA bill At present, the major airports that have an annual capacity to handle about one and a half million passengers remain under the purview of the AERA (Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India). If the bill is passed, the definition of what makes a major airport will change. Henceforth, a major airport will be any aerodrome which already has or even designated to handle an annual passenger capacity of about three and a half million. The background On June 24, the cabinet had given its approval for the AERA bill. The AERA is a regulator with which the power to fix the tariffs that the airports charge. During the last time, the AERA bill was approved by the cabinet in December 2017 when the Narendra Modi Government was ruling during its first tenure. Nevertheless, the bill could not be passed during the monsoon session during the last year. With the formation of the new Lok Sabha now, the older AERA bill stands lapsed and hence the cabinet had to approve it once again. What the different provisions of the AERA bill imply? The government is looking forward to significantly increase the traffic threshold for the major airports. For instance, the annual traffic threshold of major airports will rise from 15 lakhs to more than 35 lakhs. This will see many airports in the country come out of the ambit of AERA. Hence those that will cease to be identified as major airports will come under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Government of India. So, henceforth, for all these airports, the tariff charges will be decided by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. The amendment also vests the Aviation Ministry with the powers to bid out airports projects on the basis of a pre-approved tariff. The AERA bill seeks to reduce the burden hanging on AERA as there has been a phenomenal increase in the passenger traffic which has increased the workload on AERA. With its limited resources, the AERA is finding it difficult to monitor the quality of services delivered at the major airports and also determine the various tariffs. The need for the amendment Notably, when the AERA bill was passed in 2008, the country had 11 airports with annual passenger traffic exceeding 15 lakhs, but the increase in the volume of air travels saw the number of airports almost triple eventually. Criticisms Some Rajya Sabha members argued against the bill saying that the government should have taken steps to strengthen the hands of AERA to be able to manage the additional workload instead of removing the airports from its control.

A major airport is the one having an annual capacity of 3.5 million passengers, says AERA (amendment) bill 2019

<ul><li>The Health Ministry has proposed to drop NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Examination) for admission to MD and MS courses. </li><li>The admission will be based on the scores in the MBBS final examination and National Exit Test (NEXT). </li><li>The candidates wanting to enroll in PG courses in AIIMS will still have to go through the mandatory entrance exam. </li><li>NEET Super Speciality exam will also be mandatory to study Master of Surgery (Mch). </li></ul>MBBS pass outs might not have to go through an entrance exam to pursue post-graduate courses, if a proposal by Health Ministry goes through. It wants to drop NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Examination) for admission into MD (Doctor of Medicine) and MS (Master of Science) courses. If the draft National Medical Commission (NMC) bill goes through, students can be admitted based on score in the MBBS final examination and National Exit Test (NEXT), PTI<a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/health-ministry-bill-proposes-to-axe-neet-pg/article28430886.ece"> reported</a>. They will also not be required to go through a separate examination to secure a licence to practice medicine, according to the proposed draft. The draft excludes All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) from the given criteria. The candidates wanting to enroll in PG courses in AIIMS will still have to go through the mandatory entrance exam. In addition to this, the NEET Super Speciality exam will also be mandatory to study Master of Surgery (Mch). The draft NMC Bill was tabled in the Parliament in 2017. It focussed at introducing a ‘bridge course’ that will enable medical practitioners of alternative medicine to pursue allopathy. However, it faced criticism from medical professionals and health associations in India. The bill was later revised with several amendments including aggressive punishments for unauthorised practice of medicine — a year long imprisonment or a fine of up to ₹500,000. However, to address the shortage of medical professionals, the government has <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/education/4800-mbbs-seats-reserved-for-economically-weaker-students-5826733/">allocated 26% more seats</a> for MBBS aspirants in the last two years — reserving nearly 5,000 seats for economically weaker sections. Overall, nearly 80,000 students take admission in MBBS courses every year in 480 institutes across the country. Of this, 150,000 take the entrance examination to enroll in PG courses. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/you-no-longer-need-to-know-chinese-languages-if-you-want-to-study-medicine-in-china/articleshow/69249827.cms">You no longer need to know Chinese languages if you want to study medicine in China</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/upsc-proposes-to-drop-csat-aptitude-test-from-the-civil-services-exams/articleshow/70143460.cms">UPSC proposes to drop aptitude test from the civil services exams</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/worlds-smallest-mri-scanned-and-it-did-not-capture-the-human-body-this-time/articleshow/70051460.cms">World’s smallest MRI scanned — and it did not capture the human body this time</a>

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From a slum dweller to an aspiring IAS, here’s the inspiring story of Ummul Kher

BI India Bureau

Explained: FATF Origin, Objectives, functions and why Pakistan is in trouble

BI India Bureau

All about UNGS António Guterres, functions, selection, quotes and history

BI India Bureau

9 incredible facts about India's economy

Steven John

A major airport is the one having an annual capacity of 3.5 million passengers, says AERA (amendment) bill 2019

BI India Bureau

MBBS doctors can skip entrance exams for MD and MS courses, if Health Ministry has its way

Prerna Sindwani

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