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In a boost to Elon Musk's <keyword id="20034452" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="starlink" source="keywords">Starlink</keyword>, Communications Minister Scindia has said the spectrum for satellite broadband will be allocated and not auctioned as sought by Indian billionaires Mukesh Ambani and Sunil Mittal. The satellite broadband spectrum will however be not given free and sector regulator Trai will fix a price for the resource, he told PTI in a text and video interview. "Every country has to follow the <keyword id="20848482" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="international-telecommunications-union" source="keywords">International Telecommunications Union</keyword> (ITU), which is the organisation that lays out the policy for spectrum in space or satellites, and the ITU has been very clear in terms of the spectrum being given out on an assignment basis. In addition, if you look across the world today, I cannot think of a single country that auctions spectrum for satellite," Scindia said. India is a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a UN agency for digital technology. Musk's Starlink and global peers like Amazon's Project Kuiper back an administrative allocation. While Ambani's Reliance Jio has been vocal about the need to allocate such spectrum through an auction to provide a level playing field to legacy operators who buy airwaves and set up infrastructure like telecom towers, Mittal last month at an industry event where Prime Minister Narendra Modi was also present articulated the need to use bidding for such allocation. Jio and Mittal's Bharti Airtel - India's largest and second-largest operators, respectively - feel that giving away the satellite broadband airwaves at a pre-decided price by the government will create an uneven playing field since they had to compete in an auction to get spectrum for their terrestrial wireless phone networks. The two are vying for a piece of the satellite broadband segment as well. Musk-led Starlink is demanding administrative allotment of licences in line with the global trend as it looks to tap into the world's fastest-growing mobile telephony and internet market. Scindia said the Telecom Act of 2023 passed in December has put the matter in 'Schedule 1', which means that the Satcom spectrum will be allocated administratively. Such an allocation will be at a government-decided price, and allow foreign firms like Starlink to offer voice and data services. If the spectrum were to be auctioned, it would have made it costlier for Starlink to roll out services. Starlink has applied for a licence to start operations in the country. Scindia, however, offered no clues on the fate of his application. The minister said that the regulatory process is very clear and transparent. The new Telecom Act has been passed, and the Satellite spectrum is very clearly a part of that in schedule one, he pointed out. "...and therefore, we are open to looking at the application of any entity that wants to invest in India at this point in time. I think only one or two licenses have been given out. And whoever else wants to participate, India is surely going to welcome that," the minister said. Last month, Musk, in a post on X, termed the demand made by Jio for shunning sector regulator Trai's consultation paper on satellite broadband being allocated and not auctioned as "unprecedented", and when Mittal made the pitch in the presence of the Prime Minister, he asked if it was "too much trouble" to allow Starlink to provide internet services in India. This was perhaps the first time that Musk, whose networth of USD 241 billion is more than the combined wealth of Ambani, Mittal and Gautam Adani, had spoken directly against demands for a level playing field made by the Indian firms. Musk, the mind behind PayPal, founder of Tesla and SpaceX and owner of X (formerly Twitter), uses his social media platform on a daily basis to make his views known on a vast array of topics.

In a win for Elon Musk, Scindia says no to spectrum auction pitch from Ambani, Mittal

India is resolved to lead the world in 6G, communications minister <keyword id="19999763" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jyotiraditya-Scindia" source="keywords">Jyotiraditya Scindia</keyword> said on Tuesday, terming the <keyword id="20434665" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="telecom-sector" source="keywords">telecom sector</keyword> of the country as 'aggressive' and 'ambitious'. Scindia, speaking at the inauguration of <keyword id="21058244" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India-Mobile-Congress" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="India Mobile Congress" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="India Mobile Congress">India Mobile Congress</keyword> and World Telecommunication Standardization (WTSA) 2024, said with the <keyword id="22506536" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bharat-6G-Alliance" source="keywords">Bharat 6G Alliance</keyword>, India hopes to contribute at least 10 per cent patents to 6G standardisation. "It is our belief and our commitment -- India followed the world in 4G, we marched with the world in 5G, but we shall lead the world in 6G," the minister asserted. With the fastest <keyword id="20366727" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="5G-rollout" source="keywords">5G rollout</keyword> in India wherein 98 per cent of districts and 90 per cent of all villages were covered in a span of just 21 months, Scindia said it is the Prime Minister Narendra Modi's effort of not just embracing, but bracing the country to become the first-mover in 6G technology. "It is noteworthy that the Indian Mobile Congress and the International 6G Symposium demonstrates both local and global advancements in 6G, and also design principles that will shape the future of telecom," he further said. The recent changes to the <keyword id="22077688" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Telecommunications-Act-2023" source="keywords">Telecommunications Act 2023</keyword> have been designed in such a way so as to modernise India's telecom framework, drawing light upon hitherto unaddressed areas such as the high potential sector of <keyword id="21282723" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="satellite-communications" source="keywords">satellite communications</keyword>, addressing the challenges of the digital era, the most important being <keyword id="20080676" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cyber-security" source="keywords">cyber security</keyword>, Scindia said. "The telecom sector, much like other growth-critical sectors in India, is aggressive, is ambitious, and its outlook in our journey from Amrit Kaal to Shatabdi Kaal is to lead the world," he said. India Mobile Congress (IMC) is an annual event organized by the Department of <keyword id="20204336" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="telecommunications" source="keywords">Telecommunications</keyword> (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI). IMC 2024 will see participation from over 400 exhibitors, nearly 900 startups, and participation from 120+ countries. About 3,200 delegates from over 160 countries are part of the WTSA assembly. "We are confident that this (WTSA), along with the Indian Mobile Congress in its 8th edition... will serve as a breeding ground for innovation, but also showcase India's impending but inevitable emergence as a global hub for telecommunications across the world," Scindia said.

India set to lead global 6G revolution: Telecom Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Baltic countries are facing intensifying Russian hybrid warfare threats.</li><li> Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia are strong supporters of Ukraine.</li></ul>The three Baltic countries of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia have been at the forefront of the conflict between the West and Russia since the latter's invasion of Ukraine.Staunch supporters of Ukraine, they – along with Denmark –<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ifw-kiel.de/topics/war-against-ukraine/ukraine-support-tracker/"> have given the most aid</a> to Kyiv in relation to their GDP and have been pushing for strict sanctions on Moscow.Although they are members of NATO and the EU, the Baltics are in a precarious position. Bordering Russia or its ally Belarus, they are small and were part of the Soviet Union until its collapse. Furthermore, over 20% of the population of Estonia and Latvia and 5% of Lithuania are ethnically Russian.All of this has put them in Moscow's crosshairs. Russia seems to be employing unconventional methods against them that blur the line between war and peace and fall into what is called the "gray zone."In July 2023, Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna<a target="_blank" href="https://www.euronews.com/2023/09/07/estonia-concerned-about-possible-hybrid-attack-from-russia-fm"> expressed his concern</a> about the possibility of such Russian attacks. "There are hybrid threats. But we never know what kind of hybrid situation may happen. We have witnessed them before as well," he said.NATO has also cautioned against intensifying Russian hybrid warfare in the region and in the rest of Europe that could include "disinformation, sabotage, acts of violence, cyber and electronic interference, and other hybrid operations."<h2 id="de31c47b-7f3b-4802-8998-819308119ca9">Targeting the Baltics</h2>Indeed, a year later in May 2024, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova blamed the Baltics for severing most of their ties with Russia,<a target="_blank" href="https://www.euronews.com/2024/05/05/russia-blames-hostile-baltic-countries-for-split-in-relations"> adding</a>, "We will also respond to the hostile actions of the Baltic states with asymmetrical measures, primarily in the economic and transit spheres."Moscow is suspected of following through with its threats.<div type="image" title="President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi (R) accepts congratulations from Lithuanian President Gitanas Nausėda (L) during an event dedicated to Ukraine's Independence Day on August 24, 2023 in Kyiv, Ukraine." height="683" width="1024" msid="111191745" hostid="261" sizebytes="26956"></div>In May, a leaked Russian proposal outlined plans to redraw Russia's territorial waters with Estonia, Lithuania, and Finland. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Petrov said the proposal wasn't politically motivated but implied it was required to ensure Russia's security amid escalating regional tensions.Although the proposal<a target="_blank" href="https://united24media.com/latest-news/russia-removes-controversial-baltic-sea-border-change-proposal-from-government-website-436"> was deleted a day</a> after it leaked, the following day several buoys demarcating the territorial waters between Russia and Estonia on the Narva River were removed by the Russian coast guard.Estonian high officials urged calm, but Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis was more pointed: "Another Russian hybrid operation is underway, this time attempting to spread fear, uncertainty and doubt about their intentions in the Baltic Sea," Landsbergis<a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/GLandsbergis/status/1793183674847862872?mx=2"> said</a> in response.Additionally, there has recently been increased jamming of the satellite navigation systems of commercial aircraft in region, which appears to be<a target="_blank" href="https://cepa.org/article/russias-pawprints-on-aircraft-jamming-outbreak/"> originating from within Russian territory</a>. Although it is not clear whether the disruption is intentional, Tallinn and Vilnius have accused Moscow.Russia and Belarus have also been<a target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-seeks-ease-rules-poland-baltics-migration-standoff-with-belarus-2021-12-01/"> accused by EU officials</a> of pushing migrants towards the border of Lithuania and neighboring Poland and using them as hybrid weapons. Lithuania temporarily closed off some of its border crossings with Belarus in response, and Poland deployed troops to the border. The Baltics and Poland are prepared to<a target="_blank" href="https://apnews.com/article/belarus-border-wagner-migrants-poland-baltics-7f5d061f22785c433e436473b1d67937"> close off their borders</a> in the event of a major migrant push from Belarus.All three Baltic countries have been targeted by<a target="_blank" href="https://theweek.com/defence/are-the-baltics-under-threat"> influence operations</a>. Estonia has seen a rise in sabotages that included<a target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finnish-police-complete-on-site-probe-damaged-baltic-sea-pipeline-2023-10-19/"> damage to an undersea gas pipeline</a> and telecommunications cables between it and Finland. Espionage, cyber attacks, and election tampering are also a concern, with Estonia<a target="_blank" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-estonia-baltics-sabotage-spying-kallas-62835b00fdb31f648ebe2259908ca2a1"> having arrested the most Russian agents</a> per capita in the EU.<h2 id="22b0c414-20e5-486c-9dcf-0082edb28b5b">Destabilization is the point</h2>Hybrid warfare can use various tools – including military, informational, economic, civilian, and others – but it falls short of overt military action.Its purpose is to destabilize a country's government, institutions, or population while often preventing attribution back to the perpetrator – occasionally, a purposeful and targeted action may even appear to be a random event.<div type="image" title="Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks during the military parade at the 76th Guards Air Assault Division in Pskov, Russia, March,1,2020." height="661" width="1024" msid="111191741" hostid="261" sizebytes="25990"></div>Although hybrid warfare is not a new strategy, nor one employed exclusively by Russia and its allies, it has received increased attention following Russia's 2014 illegal annexation of Crimea as Moscow used a variety of military and non-military tools, which were described as hybrid, to capture the peninsula without meaningful Ukrainian resistance.The murky nature of hybrid warfare can make it hard to identify and address potential threats. Yet, the Baltic countries are prioritizing hybrid threats and fortifying their institutions in response.Tellingly, Latvia, in its 2016 National Defense Concept – the country's overarching defense strategy –<a target="_blank" href="https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Media/News/News-Article-View/Article/3323892/latvia-from-total-defense-to-comprehensive-defense/"> named hybrid threats and Russia</a> as the main threats to its security for the first time.And last week, writing alongside his Polish and Czech colleagues, Latvian President Edgars Rinkēvičs<a target="_blank" href="https://www.presidency.ro/en/media/press-releases/chairs-statement-of-bucharest-9-summit-in-riga-11-june-2024"> expressed</a> "deep concern" over Russian hybrid threats."We will act individually and collectively to address these actions, boost our resilience and continue to coordinate closely to ensure that the Alliance and Allies are prepared to deter and defend against hybrid actions or attacks," he said.

Front-line NATO allies are facing an unconventional Russian threat short of war but still quite dangerous

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Former Rep. Mike Rogers is running for Senate in Michigan after 9 years in the private sector.</li><li>Financial docs show that has multiplied his wealth since he left Congress in 2015.</li></ul>When former Rep. Mike Rogers decided to retire from Congress in 2014, money seemed to have been at least a little bit on his mind.The Michigan Republican’s aides <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/us/politics/representative-mike-rogers-will-not-run-again.html">told the New York Times</a> at the time that Rogers would take up a new gig as a talk radio host in part to “earn considerable amounts of money” and to take on “something more lucrative” after years of public service. After all, being a member of Congress just doesn’t pay as well as the private sector: Lawmakers’ salaries have been <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/members-congress-100000-pay-raise-salaries-174000-2024-1">capped at $174,000</a> a year since 2009.Nine years later, after briefly <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/video/mike-rogers-on-possible-2024-presidential-bid/">flirting with a presidential bid</a>, Rogers is running for Senate in Michigan with the support of top Republicans. Over the last decade, according to property records and federal financial disclosure documents filed in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24410316-rogers_2015_pfd?responsive=1&amp;title=1">2015</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24410317-rogers_2023_pfd?responsive=1&amp;title=1">2023</a>, he made good on his quest to get rich.That includes more than $32,000 from paid speeches in 2022, nearly $2 million in income from board positions at tech companies and cybersecurity firms in the last two years, and assets totaling as high as $17.5 million.And Rogers added one more key asset to his portfolio in July, just three months before launching his Senate bid: a modest $295,000 house in exurban Detroit. Before that, he was living over 1,000 miles away in sunny Cape Coral, Florida, where he purchased a more than $1.5 million home in 2022.It’s a stark example of how the so-called “revolving door” — where lawmakers, staffers, and other officials capitalize on their experience as they move between the public and private sectors — can fuel the explosion of immense wealth after years in public service."Mike Rogers has always believed that Michiganders deserve full and complete transparency from their elected leaders, which is why he has consistently complied with Senate Ethics and FEC financial disclosure requirements,” said Chris Gustafson, a spokesperson for Rogers’s campaign.<h2>Middling wealth — for a member of Congress</h2>Rogers first came to Congress in 2001, gradually rising through the ranks to become the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee from 2011 to 2015. He became known for authoring major legislation dealing with cybersecurity and intelligence matters, including the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA), a bill designed to enable the government to obtain personal information from private companies for intelligence and security purposes. Critics of the legislation <a target="_blank" href="https://www.eff.org/cybersecurity-bill-faq#cispa">argued</a> at the time that it would have created a “cybersecurity loophole” to existing privacy laws.Rogers was by no means a destitute congressman, but his wealth was middling for a place where <a target="_blank" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/04/majority-of-lawmakers-millionaires/">most of his colleagues are millionaires</a>. As he prepared to exit Congress, he sold his home in Howell, Michigan for $137,500 in October 2014, property records show, leaving him without a Michigan residence.<div type="image" title="Rogers holding a House Intelligence Committee hearing on Capitol Hill on February 10, 2022." height="1500" width="2000" msid="107638642" hostid="261" sizebytes="86756"></div>He also had two homes near Washington, including a nearly $1.1 million McLean home that he purchased in 2009 and a roughly $460,000 home on the Chesapeake bay in Grasonville, Maryland in 2014, which he sold early last year. But he also had significant mortgages on those homes, according to his 2015 disclosure, totaling between $750,000 and $1.5 million.Couple that with his disclosed investments at the time, and Rogers’ net worth was somewhere between $800,000 and $1.7 million.But as his 2023 disclosure indicates, things have changed significantly since then.<h2>‘Having a great life outside of politics’</h2>As he departed Congress, Rogers quickly signed a contract for an undisclosed amount with Cumulus Radio, going on to host a thrice-weekly radio show after a career in Congress that included significant TV appearances.He also joined the boards of various companies and groups that operate in the cybersecurity space, including IronNet Cybersecurity in 2015, the MITRE Corporation in 2016, IAP Worldwide Services in 2018, and the quantum computing firm D-Wave in 2021 — along with several other positions.“We were having a great life outside of politics,” Rogers <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3m19J9dreZo">told a local news outlet</a> in December, saying he got involved in cybersecurity firms after his time in Congress because he realized “we were going to need the private sector to help push back on both international criminal gangs” as well as Russia and China.And it paid off. In December, Rogers disclosed payments totaling roughly $1,975,000 since January 2022, including $724,887 from IronNet, which recently <a target="_blank" href="https://wtop.com/business-finance/2023/11/northern-virginia-cybersecurity-company-founded-by-retired-four-star-general-files-for-bankruptcy/">went bankrupt</a>; $191,000 from MITRE; nearly $160,00 from D-Wave; and over $20,000 from Telefonica Ingenieria, a Spanish telecommunications company.Rogers also received $460,000 from Nokia in the last two years, despite little public information existing about his affiliation with the Finnish tech company.His campaign did not say what the Nokia payment was for, and representatives for the company did not respond to Business Insider’s request for comment.And despite no longer hosting his radio show, Rogers continues to make big bucks from being a public figure. He disclosed earning $32,000 from the Washington Speakers Bureau, as well as $17,540 for a speech to Carnival Cruise Line.In sum, Rogers appears to have multiplied his net worth, disclosing between $5.5 and $14.5 million in various other investments, mostly mutual funds, along with over $3 million in real estate, including the new Michigan home, his Cape Coral residence, and the home in McLean.None of what Rogers has done in his years since Congress appears to be illegal — in fact, it’s the path that many former lawmakers take, with private companies eager to hire someone with subject-matter expertise, a high profile, and knowledge and connections in the halls of power.What makes Rogers’ case interesting is the fact that he’s required to lay it all out in the open via financial disclosures bookending his time in the private sector. All Senate and House members and candidates are required to do so, and separately, other candidates in the race are <a target="_blank" href="https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/02/08/campaign-legal-center-complaint-hill-harper-financial-disclosure-us-senate/72523548007/">facing ethics complaints</a> for missing or incomplete disclosures.But it’s relatively uncommon for politicians to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tom-suozzi-financial-disclosures-special-election-george-santos-mazi-pilip-2024-1">run for office again</a> once they’ve become ensconced in the ritzy life that awaits them after their service, and when they do, it’s often controversial.Just ask Hillary Clinton about the paid speeches she gave between her time as Secretary of State and her 2016 presidential bid.

9 years through the revolving door: How the GOP's top Senate recruit in Michigan got rich after leaving Congress 

Melbourne Melbourne (Australia), Jul 31 (360info) The <keyword id="18212065" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="european-unions-ai-regulation" source="Orion">European Union's AI regulation</keyword> has some predicting a spate of Brussels copycats. Close, but not quite. "It is the AI moment." So went the declaration from International Telecommunications Union Secretary-General Doreen Bodgan-Martin at the conclusion of a UN summit in Geneva on 7 July 2023. At a historic UN Security Council meeting 11 days later, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres agreed. So did nations and regulators. A desire has emerged from powerful quarters to protect citizens from the potential harms of AI - issues that are known (discrimination, privacy violations, copyright theft) and those which are not. Yet. Most nations have approached issues like this by allowing sectors to individually regulate AI, such as aircraft design and flight safety. The infamous Boeing 737 MAX - which was grounded for over 18 months following two crashes within five months that killed 346 people - is one egregious example of regulatory failure. Other fields that have proactively regulated on AI include medical information (presiding over robot surgery and scan analysis), automated vehicles (the yet-to-materialise Tesla robot taxis and 'Full Self Drive' [sic]) and policing social media networks to protect against harms like disinformation. Some countries, such as the US, Japan and the UK, don't see the need for regulation to go beyond the combination of adaptive sectoral regulation and potential international agreements supplementing more speculative risks discussed in the so-called G7 Hiroshima Process. Others want to go further. More can be done. Generic laws could regulate AI across broader society. China has already published its law governing AI as part of its social control measures, which includes internet filtering through its 'Great Firewall of China' and a social credit scoring system. China intends to strictly control the use of AI much like it has with social media, banning Facebook, Google and TikTok from operating inside its borders (even though the latter has a Chinese parent company). Liberal democracies will not adopt the Chinese approach but may go further than the US, UK and Japan. The largest consumer market, the European Economic Area, is planning to adopt the so-called 'AI Act', which is actually a European Regulation on AI. Over two years since it was first proposed, the Act is locked in negotiations within the EU. It may take until April 2024 to properly pass. But it's not possible to simply lift the EU's AI Act and implant it in a different jurisdiction: it is part of a series of laws in European institutions and such an Act would be lost in translation. There's a name for when EU law is adopted and adapted in other nations: the '<keyword id="18212067" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="brussels-effect" source="Orion">Brussels Effect</keyword>', named after the city which hosts the EU's headquarters. It most often is invoked when describing the reaction to the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into force in 2018 and has been widely hailed as setting a much-copied global standard for data protection. But an unnuanced analysis of the Brussels Effect is problematic. Many countries did not adopt the GDPR, but instead a separate law (the <keyword id="6359680" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="convention" source="Orion">Convention</keyword> 108+) from the <keyword id="113558" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="council-of-europe" source="Orion">Council of Europe</keyword>, a Strasbourg-based 47-member human rights organisation which predates the EU. In 2023, a group of interdisciplinary experts unanimously concluded that the Brussels Effect either wasn't possible or, if it was, would be limited. They found the AI Act would sit within the 'digital acquis', a large body of previously agreed laws with an interlocking web of powers and powers, all of which would need reproducing to make sense of the additions the AI Act provides. If such a Brussels Effect in AI is unlikely or highly constrained, there is a model nations could adopt. Despite the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and UN Education Social and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) both agreeing declarations of AI ethics principles, these are non-binding. That leaves Strasbourg's Council of Europe. Unlike EU laws, Conventions by the Council of Europe do not take direct effect in national law. Other nations beyond the Council's 47 members can sign onto Conventions through international agreement. For instance, the Council's Convention 108+ has 55 members, including Canada and countries across Latin America and Africa. The Council of Europe has brokered beyond its members going back decades, notably a 2001 cybercrime treaty that included not only Canada, but Japan and the US. The Convention 108+ is proof of what Oslo University's Lee Bygrave has described as a 'Strasbourg Effect', an alternative to the Brussels phenomenon. The Strasbourg Effect could fuel the way forward on AI. The Convention will likely be similar to the EU's AI Act, but with key distinctions. The Convention is being negotiated with the US, UK and Japan and is likely to adopt a more flexible approach, with more co-regulation with industry and independent experts where appropriate. As the Council of Europe is primarily a human rights organisation, it is also likely to pay more attention to the human rights implications of AI deployment. The Convention also has the advantage of being created in mid-2023, as opposed to the EU's Act which started in 2021. This means it can better address the foundational Large Language Models that emerged in early 2023, such as ChatGPT, Bard and others. In 2024, as the EU's AI Act and the Council's AI Convention are finalised, other liberal democracies, such as Australia, UK, Brazil, Japan and US, are expected to adopt and adapt these laws. When the rush starts, there is more likely to be a Strasbourg Effect of nations copying the Convention than any Brussels Effect. AI's regulation 'moment' that Bodgan-Martin heralded in July will last for years and be an exercise in international legal coordination. It best be comprehensive and careful to ensure the power of AI is deployed for the good of humanity. Chris Marsden is Professor of Artificial Intelligence, Technology and the Law at Monash University and an expert on Internet and digital technology law, having researched and taught in the field since 1995. <keyword id="18212066" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="george-christou" source="Orion">George Christou</keyword> is Professor of European Politics and Security at the University of Warwick, UK. He has published widely on European Politics and Security and he is the Editor for Palgrave's New Security Challenges Series. (360info.org) PY PY

What Europe's AI regulation moment will mean for the world

Artificial intelligence is a driving force behind some of today's most <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-ai-revolution-means-for-business-2024-5">innovative business solutions</a>. Companies are using it to revolutionize their customers' experiences, develop better products, and boost brand awareness.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/cxo-ai-playbook">Business Insider's series "CXO AI Playbook"</a> has been exploring different use cases in depth, digging into various companies — with insight from their executives — that have leveraged AI to serve customers and develop better systems.While some businesses are using AI for internal tasks such as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cisco-is-using-ai-to-help-with-recruitment-2024-5">hiring top talent</a>, others are using it to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-improving-investor-relations-with-market-analysis-earnings-reports-2024-5">improve products, services, and experiences</a> that can strengthen their foothold in an industry. Still others are using AI to speed up certain processes: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/liverpool-football-club-artificial-intelligence-tool-social-media-content-2024-5">Liverpool Football Club</a>, for example, has used AI to help it quickly post game highlights on social media.As BI's "CXO AI Playbook" series has unfolded, we've noticed certain technology initiatives are making waves and promising breakthroughs in crucial facets of business operations.Here are 10 AI applications companies are embracing.<h2>Automating customer service</h2><div type="image" title="Phone screens showing what Klarna's chatbot feature looks like" height="1125" width="2000" msid="111691357" hostid="261" sizebytes="48692"></div>Application: AI-powered chatbots can assist far more customers than human agents can manage alone, freeing up employees to tackle more-challenging issues.Example: Klarna, a Swedish company that offers a "buy now, pay later" service for online retailers, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.klarna.com/international/press/klarna-ai-assistant-handles-two-thirds-of-customer-service-chats-in-its-first-month/">launched</a> a customer-service AI assistant with OpenAI on its app in January. The assistant is designed to help customers manage their payment schedules and to answer queries.Klarna said that in the assistant's first month, it responded to two-thirds of Klarna's customer-service chats — the equivalent work of 700 full-time agents. Since deployment, the company said, repeat inquiries have fallen by 25%, and issues have been resolved in less than two minutes, compared with 11 minutes previously.Klarna estimated that the chatbot would boost profits by $40 million in 2024, though the company <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ft.com/content/56ab7593-48d9-4e8f-9d70-58c4c6b15c3b">has not been profitable since 2019</a>.<h2>Sampling creative products</h2><div type="image" title="A before and after picture of a living room redecorated using Wayfair's AI-powered Decorify tool" height="900" width="1200" msid="111691361" hostid="261" sizebytes="90432"></div>Application: Generative AI can help customers visualize how products and services would fit into their lives.Example: Wayfair, an online furniture store, launched a generative-AI tool called <a target="_blank" href="https://investor.wayfair.com/news/news-details/2023/Wayfair-Launches-Decorify-a-Virtual-Room-Styler-Powered-by-Generative-AI/default.aspx">Decorify</a> to let shoppers virtually redesign their homes and test out furniture before they buy it.Customers can upload an image of their space and choose an interior-design style, such as "modern farmhouse" or "industrial." The tool then redesigns the space in that style using Wayfair products, which customers can then purchase.Wayfair told Business Insider that the service was growing steadily without advertising and that engagement was high with increasingly long session lengths. The retailer affirmed that since Decorify's launch last July shoppers have used the service to create over 150,000 designs.<h2>Simplifying detail-heavy tasks</h2><div type="image" title="Citi developed look at a computer screen together" height="443" width="591" msid="111691372" hostid="261" sizebytes="25262"></div>Application: Detail-intensive tasks like coding can become less tedious with AI tools that reduce needless repetition and speed up the process.Example: <a target="_blank" rel=" nofollow" href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/why-citi-is-rolling-out-generative-ai-to-all-its-developers">Citi</a>, the financial-services giant, made its GitHub Copilot tool available to a small group of its developers in 2023 as part of a pilot program. The generative-AI tool acts as a coding assistant, which Citi said makes it faster and easier to develop code and bring insurance and investment products to market.The tool can help with tasks such as finding reusable code in the company's repository. The technology is now available to almost 30,000 of Citi's developers.<h2>Managing warehouses</h2><div type="image" title="A DHL parcel center where packages move across a conveyor belt" height="3375" width="4500" msid="111691362" hostid="261" sizebytes="499312"></div>Application: Monitoring and staffing large industrial facilities day and night can be strenuous. AI robotics can help by tracking warehouse activities and performing tasks.Example: DHL, a logistics-and-shipping company, worked with the robotics startup Robust.AI to develop a fleet of autonomous robots that can manage supply-chain tasks such as picking items from across a warehouse to fulfill a retail order.The logistics company has several robot-related projects, including a pilot program for a robot called Carter, which is designed to use AI to learn and adapt to real-time warehouse conditions. The robot has optical sensors that collect data about the warehouse — including information about the layout, staffing, and inventory — as it performs its tasks. DHL hopes to use this data to make its warehouses more efficient.<h2>Securing networks</h2><div type="image" title="A woman wearing a headset and looking at a computer at a call center" height="3207" width="4818" msid="111691365" hostid="261" sizebytes="421062"></div>Application: Managing cyberattacks is challenging. AI modeling can help companies detect a threat and prevent a breach.Example: <a target="_blank" href="https://business.bt.com/insights/bt-eagle-i/">BT</a>, the UK telecommunications company, developed a cybersecurity platform called Eagle-i. This platform uses AI to detect cyberattacks and issue responses to prevent and mitigate hacks.The platform, launched in 2021 and developed by researchers at BT Labs, uses the spread of infectious diseases in human populations as a model to train the AI platform to detect computer viruses as they spread through networks. The tool is also designed to predict the next stage of an attack to identify the best response. BT hopes the technology will protect its broadband customers from cyberattacks.<h2>Developing products</h2><div type="image" title="Skincare cream in containers at a production facility" height="1179" width="1766" msid="111691360" hostid="261" sizebytes="65836"></div>Application: AI can help businesses find opportunities to enhance existing products or launch new ones.Example: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.beiersdorf.com/beiersdorf-live/career-blog/blog-overview/2023/08/16-skinly-study-skin-research-meets-artificial-intelligence">Beiersdorf</a>, a German personal-care company, uses AI in its research-and-development process for skincare products. Its in-house team deploys predictive modeling to research interactions between skin and skincare ingredients.Beiersdorf's software is designed to predict how someone's skin will age, such as where wrinkles will appear. The company says these insights have helped it identify innovative antiaging solutions. It also says it has used an AI platform to optimize product formulas to minimize the number of lab tests needed.<h2>Monitoring perpetual systems</h2><div type="image" title="A drone for overhead line inspection is in the Eon TestingLab." height="682" width="1024" msid="111691358" hostid="261" sizebytes="38158"></div>Application: Essential services require 24/7 oversight and immediate identification of breakdowns. AI-enabled systems can conduct consistent oversight and spot weaknesses.Example: E.ON, a German utility company, uses AI to maintain its electricity infrastructure. It deploys semi-automated drones to monitor its power-transmission systems. AI software analyzes the drone images to assess whether any components, such as electrical cables and transmission towers, are defective.The company is also testing an AI solution to predict when parts of its energy infrastructure, such as a cable, might need repairs. Executives hope that by detecting failures before they occur, they can prevent disruption. Victoria Ossadnik, E.ON's chief operating officer for digital, told Business Insider that the company hoped to use AI "to accelerate the transformation of the energy sector."<h2>Targeting problems and solutions</h2><div type="image" title="A John Deere Hi-Boy with a New Leader Spin Spreader Box applies dry pelleted nitrogen fertilizer to an early growth grain corn crop in the spring." height="681" width="1024" msid="111691370" hostid="261" sizebytes="114648"></div>Application: When problems are beneath the surface, it can be difficult to target the appropriate resources to fix them. AI can be deployed to calibrate the right response.Example: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.deere.com/en/sprayers/see-spray-ultimate/">John Deere</a>, the maker of agriculture equipment, uses AI in its See &amp; Spray product to help farmers reduce herbicide use and increase crop yields.Crops compete with weeds for water, nutrients, and sunlight. In the past, farmers sprayed whole fields with herbicide to manage weeds. This meant they also sprayed crops and barren soil, wasting valuable resources and time.The company uses computer vision and machine learning to detect individual weeds and apply herbicide only where it's needed. It said this has reduced herbicide use by up to two-thirds.A sprayer mounted on a tractor uses cameras and AI to identify a weed's position as the tractor moves across a field. The sprayer's nozzles then target only that weed with herbicide.<h2>Improving health and safety</h2><div type="image" title="Image of a construction worker, wearing a white hard-hat and neon vest, surrounded by computers." height="527" width="703" msid="111691363" hostid="261" sizebytes="23604"></div>Application: Keeping workers safe requires a deep understanding of risks. AI can help track and synthesize safety data, providing insights that could prevent accidents.Example: Suffolk Construction, a Boston construction company, wanted to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-ai-helping-predict-safety-risks-construction">take a more data-centric approach to worker safety</a>. Suffolk Technologies Group, a venture-capital group associated with the construction company, partnered with the startup NewMetrix to develop an AI-based safety tool. The team digitized incident data and developed a predictive model.A key component was tracking "safety observations" — the term used for when the team is looking for circumstances that are not in line with safety protocols, such as someone not wearing appropriate protective clothing.The data indicated that the frequency of safety observations was correlated with the total number of on-site safety incidents. As a result of this insight, the team directed the workers to conduct safety observations based on a formula derived from the total number of job hours worked.The data-driven strategy was effective. Suffolk said that after implementing the approach, it saw a 25% improvement in the total recordable incident rate during the past fiscal year."Over the course of the last few years since we've provided more focus on observations, we've seen an overall downward trend closer to 60% in terms of incident rates," a Suffolk spokesperson told BI.<h2>Complying with regulations</h2><div type="image" title="A plate of cubed cheese garnished with herbs and an olive" height="2568" width="3424" msid="111691368" hostid="261" sizebytes="372784"></div>Application: Many companies are sitting on years' worth of valuable product-related data they don't have the time or resources to mine for insights. AI can analyze this data and provide direction to improve decision-making.Example: Tetra Pak, a Swiss food-packaging and -processing company, works with cheesemakers at several stages of the production process. Cheesemakers must meet certain requirements set out by the US Food and Drug Administration, such as those for moisture and fat content. The company uses AI to create optimal cheese recipes that meet these standards.Todd Stertz, a manager for cheese and powders at Tetra Pak, said that while many cheese plants had "vast amounts of historical data," the cheesemakers "did not always use it to the maximum potential." For instance, the data could give insight into how certain manufacturing conditions in the past had affected things like cheese moisture."The vast amount of data is not easy for a human to digest," Stertz said. "It takes a long time to come up with a decision afterwards."

10 AI applications for companies that want to streamline their business and improve customer experiences

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Etiquette experts say phone calls aren't going away at the office — even if they are personally.</li><li>Some younger workers aren't especially confident in their <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/managers-speak-out-about-experiences-with-gen-z-employees-2023-8">social skills</a> these days.</li></ul>In the age of text messages, emails, and Slack pings, talking on the phone can feel like a more personal — and potentially intrusive — act than it did in previous decades.But even as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/woman-charges-480-hour-gen-z-workers-overcome-phone-fear-2022-12">phone calls fall out of favor</a> in our personal lives, they're not extinct in a work setting. Etiquette experts say phone calls are still necessary in the office — there's just a certain time and place for them.Insider spoke to two experts about the state of work-related phone calls in 2023.Some younger people's trepidation about making voice calls comes as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/managers-speak-out-about-experiences-with-gen-z-employees-2023-8">social skills</a> are suffering in the wake of the pandemic. Young professionals are taking classes to learn <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-taking-courses-send-emails-office-clothes-wsj-2023-6">how to relate to coworkers</a> and write emails after spending their last years of college on Zoom.Meanwhile, Lisa Grotts, a 23-year <a target="_blank" href="https://lisagrotts.com/">etiquette coaching veteran</a>, told Insider that hand-held technology, like the smartphone, has obviously shaken up communication over the last couple decades."The hardline has been replaced by the mobile phone and because of it you can talk anywhere, anyplace, anytime — which equals less boundaries everywhere," she said.As a result, workers — specifically younger ones — prefer instantaneous texting over lengthy phone calls or emails."Texting and emailing are convenient for quick exchanges and documentation, but work calls are still important for certain situations, like complex discussions, sensitive matters, or when a real-time conversation is more efficient," Grotts told Insider.As for a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-using-slack-at-work?_gl=1*14x052h*_ga*NDk0OTkwMDg3LjE2NTQ3MDM2MDA.*_ga_E21CV80ZCZ*MTY5NTg0NDYzNi43ODQuMS4xNjk1ODQ0ODQzLjE2LjAuMA..">warning text</a> before calling someone, Grotts says it's on you to try to understand your colleagues' preferred communication styles. If you're not sure, sending a text beforehand is a safe place to start."It's all about their personal communication style," Grotts said. "It's not a bad idea to text someone and ask if it's a good time to contact them via phone."Kraig Kleeman, founder and CEO of <a target="_blank" href="https://thenewworkforce.com/">The New Workforce</a>, has 12 years of experience coaching workers on telephone communication. While texting is efficient, some conversations require the "personal touch" of a phone call, he said."It offers something unique that text messages can't replace," Kleeman said. "While we love our digital tools, voice calls help us connect, clear things up, and communicate effectively in a world that's becoming increasingly digital."They're best saved for critical information, crisis management, accessibility for those who might struggle with written correspondence, and building a connection, Kleeman contends."Even though you can't see the other person, you can still pick up on non-verbal stuff, like pauses, laughter, or sighs. These cues help you understand what's going on," Kleeman told Insider.It's also good practice to follow up a phone call with an email summarizing the conversation and making the next steps clear, Kleeman told Insider. This avoids the possibility of your words being misunderstood.And it might not be surprising that the head of a phone company — albeit one that's grown into a full-blown telecommunications colossus — still talks on the telephone.Verizon Communications CEO Hans Vestberg makes about 30 work calls per week to "people that make a difference" at the company, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/21/how-verizon-ceo-uses-weekly-phone-calls-to-motivate-employees.html">CNBC reported.</a>Vestberg said last week that the weekly voice catch-ups with those 30 people strengthens his bonds with staff members — even if he's just asking what they're up to.If you're not as chatty as Vestberg and dread making calls for work, etiquette advisor Grotts advises using a script to follow until you've built up the confidence to go it alone."Practice makes perfect, the more experience they have the easier it will get," Grotts told Insider.

Phone calls might be dying — but they're still alive at work. Here's how etiquette experts say you should handle them.

<keyword id="2003276" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="jio" source="Orion">Jio</keyword> Platforms, the digital arm of Reliance Industries Ltd, will buy communications equipment maker <keyword id="6059988" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="mimosa" source="Orion">Mimosa</keyword> Networks for USD 60 million as it looks to bolster its 5G telecom and broadband services. Radisys Corporation, a subsidiary of Jio Platforms, signed a definitive agreement with US-based <keyword id="2512697" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="airspan" source="Orion">Airspan</keyword> Networks Holdings for acquisition of "Mimosa Networks for USD 60 million on a debt free, cash free basis," the companies said in a statement. While Jio Platforms is the owner of India's biggest telecom firm, <keyword id="1543410" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reliance-jio-infocomm" source="Orion">Reliance Jio Infocomm</keyword>, Mimosa has a portfolio of point-to-multi-point products based on WiFi-5 and the newer WiFI 6E technologies as well as related accessories. "These solutions have use cases in the backhaul requirements for 5G and FTTX/ FWA rollouts," the statement said. "Jio has been a major customer of Mimosa." The deal comes at a time when countries across the world are looking to move away from Chinese technology. Airspan acquired Mimosa in 2018 to target cost-effective fixed wireless access network connections. Mimosa's product development, manufacturing, and sales teams of 56 employees will continue with Mimosa following the acquisition by Radisys. Speaking about the transaction, <keyword id="2080408" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="mathew-oommen" source="Orion">Mathew Oommen</keyword>, President of Jio, said, "Over the years, our collaboration with Airspan has resulted in groundbreaking architectures for high-speed connectivity for both the end user and for backhaul applications." "Acquisition of Mimosa will further accelerate Jio's innovation and leadership in the production of telecom network products that deliver value to consumers and enterprises across the globe with cost-effective, rapidly deployable fixed and mobile broadband," he said. Eric Stonestrom, Chairman and CEO of Airspan, said the transaction "not only puts a very capable product team with one of the world's most innovative and transformative technology and telecommunications companies, but it also strengthens Airspan's balance sheet enabling the company to pursue 4G and 5G private and MNO networks which have been our main focus." Reliance Jio Infocomm USA Inc, a wholly owned step-down subsidiary of Jio, is a shareholder of Airspan and maintains a seat on its Board of Directors. PJT Partners acted as financial advisor to Airspan. Cravath, Swaine &amp; Moore LLP and Dorsey &amp; Whitney LLP acted as legal advisors to Airspan. Covington &amp; Burling LLP acted as legal advisors, and Ernst &amp; Young acted as accounting and tax diligence advisor to Radisys. The transaction is subject to certain regulatory and other customary closing conditions, including the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) review and approval by Airspan's senior lender, and is expected to complete in the third quarter of 2023. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/athletes-dont-belong-in-court-corridors-shouldnt-be-subjected-to-mental-agony-delhi-hc/articleshow/98520433.cms">Athletes don't belong in court corridors, shouldn't be subjected to mental agony: Delhi HC</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/retail/news/reliance-brings-back-the-iconic-campa-beverage-brand/articleshow/98520789.cms">Reliance brings back the iconic Campa beverage brand</a>

Jio Platforms buys US-based communications equipment maker Mimosa Networks for $60 million

<ul><li>The revised business forecast and expected margins have forced companies to redraw their business plans and align their cost structures. </li><li>The <keyword id="6357067" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="layoffs" source="Orion">layoffs</keyword> that are happening in cohorts, are mostly to restructure the workforce according to changing business objectives. </li><li>Basic IT roles, new initiatives roles, and anything else that automation/semi-automation can take over are at risk. </li></ul>Layoffs are in the news. The reasons are many but <keyword id="604702" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="employee-performance" source="Orion">employee performance</keyword>. And that is the definition of layoff too —- the <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/act">act</a> of <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ending">ending</a> a worker's <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/job">job</a>, sometimes <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/temporarily">temporarily</a>, usually because there is not enough <a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/work">work</a> to do. Start-ups that raised capital during the go-go days of the pandemic, are now waking up to a different reality, where the next round of capital will be scarce and the business case is looking tougher, which is why these companies have led the layoffs in India. Since layoffs are not necessarily about the performance of employees, Business India spoke to a variety of human resource experts to understand what segments are at risk. Oftentimes, companies permanently discharge workers because of economic conditions or shortage of work. In such a situation, someone is laid off not necessarily based on one’s performance but because the role is not relevant any more. Here’s what we found: <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Core functions are least at risk" comment="subhead2" text="Core functions are least at risk">Core functions are least at risk</cmsannotation> As unfortunate as it may be, but the first to get axed are the support functions. Revenue-generating functions are relatively safe from such mass layoffs. “During all slowdowns, companies prioritize retaining employees who are essential to their core operations and revenue-generating activities. However, we have seen new trends during certain slowdowns, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, where certain industries and job roles may be more vulnerable due to factors such as reduced demand, temporary closures, or shifts in consumer behaviour,” says Sanjay Shetty, director, professional search &amp; selection, and strategic accounts, Randstad India, a HR consulting firm. On the other hand, he adds that currently, the layoffs which are happening in cohorts, are mostly to restructure the workforce according to the changing business objectives. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="A changing reality" comment="subhead2" text="A changing reality">A changing reality</cmsannotation> “High inflation has put a significant strain on margins. We have seen Q2 and Q3 results in India where revenues were in line with market expectations but margins were lower. As companies finalize their FY24 plans, every cost item is scrutinized, and any excess is identified and trimmed,” says Mayur Taday, chief business officer, TeamLease Services, an HR firm. During Covid, most companies focused on strategy for the post-Covid world, including digitalisation and forecasting demand based on specific themes. In accordance with the demand forecast, they constructed organizational structures and costs. IT companies, in particular, have been recruiting with the expectations of better days, which have not come about. Several assumptions were not validated due to geopolitical factors, disruptions in the supply chain, and unpredictability of consumer behaviour. Following Covid, the demand-supply situation forced higher-cost hiring. “The revised business forecast and expected margins have forced companies to redraw their business plans and align their cost structures,” adds Taday. Experts agree that you are more likely to be laid off if you are in one of the following roles. Anything that automation can take over: “The likes of ChatGPT will take away <keyword id="11018" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="jobs" source="Orion">jobs</keyword> that demand significantly fewer variations besides being repetitive like coding, data entry etc,” says Rishi Patil, founder and director, Executive 81, a recruitment firm. So basic jobs which do not require any social or emotional intelligence are likely to be redundant. New initiative roles: “New initiatives roles are among the few types of specific job roles that are most at risk during layoffs,” says Shetty. During a good phase companies have expansion plans and recruit people for that purpose. During lean times, such jobs are at a threat of being terminated unless the company is making a specific effort to pivot into these new areas. Overpaid hiring: The demand supply situation is now tilted in the favour of supply. “All such hirings that were overpaid as a result of the then-prevailing overheated demand situation are being scrutinized,” says Taday. So, those being paid significantly above market rates, have a higher chance of losing their job. Contractual workers: According to a report by recruitment firm Spectrum Talent Management, 50% of Indian first were hiring contract employees amidst mass layoffs, since they were trying to avoid increasing their fixed costs. “Contractual workers in some cases might also feel the heat during downsizing due to the seasonal nature of their jobs,” says Shetty. Since these employment terms are for a certain period, the company may not renew it when the requirement is over. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Hiring to continue" comment="subhead2" text="Hiring to continue">Hiring to continue</cmsannotation> “We must understand that while organizations have, in some cases, adopted a strategic layoff approach, they are also hiring at a fairly reasonable pace. We expect companies in the IT, telecommunications, and services sectors to continue hiring due to increased digitization, 5G expansion, and a rebound in service sectors to pre-Covid levels of growth,” says Shetty. According to an internal survey by Randstad India, seven out of ten tech companies plan to increase their headcount in the next couple of months, suggesting that hiring in the Indian IT sector is likely to pick up as well. “Compared to the previous year, they expect a 25-30% increase in demand for tech talent in non-tech industries in 2023, driven over by the continued digitization of operations as these industries strive for greater scalability,” says Shetty. Says Saumitra Chand, career expert at Indeed, a job search portal, “We are seeing an increase in demand for talents in non-tech sectors such as healthcare, food services, construction and education. Even sectors like marketing, which was one of the earliest to see layoffs during the pandemic, has picked up steam.” To sum up, everything in the job space is evolving at a rapid pace. If one is not relevant to the new paradigm, their job is at risk. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/mfs-add-shares-of-indigo-paytm-pvr-nazara-technologies-among-others-in-february/articleshow/98630434.cms">MFs add shares of Indigo, Paytm, PVR &amp; Nazara Technologies among others in February</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/sonys-new-camera-allows-visually-impaired-to-enjoy-photography-to-the-fullest/articleshow/98628614.cms">Sony’s new camera allows visually impaired to enjoy photography to the fullest</a>

Is your job at risk? If you're working in any of these roles then you need to be worried

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6360701" type="DEFINITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="spacex">SpaceX</keyword> is developing a new rocket called Starship-Super Heavy in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-planning-private-village-south-texas-starship-boca-chica-beach-2020-2">Boca Chica, Texas</a>, which founder Elon Musk hopes to soon use to launch people to the moon and Mars.</li><li>Before SpaceX can <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-starship-ocean-spaceports-offshore-engineer-job-posting-2020-6">launch Starship-Super Heavy</a> to orbit, though, the <keyword id="50977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Federal-Aviation-Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</keyword> must award it a launch license.</li><li>One <keyword id="137685" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="FAA">FAA</keyword> requirement for such a license is a new <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-new-faa-environmental-review-assessment-impact-statement-texas-2020-7">environmental analysis</a> of the vehicle and launch site.</li><li>SpaceX is pursuing the quickest option, but it could trigger a years-long follow-up if it turns up significant new issues.</li><li>However, a former FAA executive said that from an environmental standpoint, <keyword id="1611690" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Starship">Starship</keyword> is not too different from <keyword id="48020" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Rockets">rockets</keyword> that SpaceX originally planned to launch from South Texas, and thus the assessment should suffice.</li></ul>SpaceX is zealously developing Starship-Super Heavy, a nearly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starship-rocket-spaceship-launch-orbital-fuel-refilling-animated-video-youtube-2019-10">40-story rocket system</a> that may redefine how humanity gets to space, and even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-one-million-starship-rocket-launches-commercial-international-launches-2020-1">from one side of Earth to the other</a>.The design calls for a 16-story spaceship, called Starship, stacked atop a 22-story rocket booster, called Super Heavy. Both sections would be fully reusable, and as a result — if company founder Elon Musk is correct — reduce the cost of launching anything to space by about 1,000-fold.SpaceX is focusing its Starship development and factory production around <keyword id="8136052" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Boca-Chica">Boca Chica</keyword> Beach, a remote area on the southeastern tip of Texas. Musk hopes Starship will launch a cargo mission to Mars in 2022, send a private crew <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/yusaku-maezawa-zozo-ceo-resigns-sells-yahoo-spacex-starship-flight-2019-9">around the moon</a> in 2023, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-spacex-blue-origin-design-lunar-landers-2020-5">return NASA astronauts</a> to the lunar surface in 2024, and even begin <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-plans-1-million-people-to-mars-by-2050-2020-1">sending people to Mars</a> the same year.Meeting that timeline, though, hinges in part on whether SpaceX can clear a fresh <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-new-faa-environmental-review-assessment-impact-statement-texas-2020-7">regulatory hurdle</a>.Because SpaceX's original environmental review predated the development of Starship-Super Heavy, Musk's company must now convince regulators that those findings still apply to its new game plan. "To operate Starship/Super Heavy at the Texas Launch Site, SpaceX must obtain an experimental permit or launch license from the FAA," <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/howard-searight-b70876b/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Howard Searight</a>, deputy manager of the licensing and evaluation division for the FAA's Office of Commercial Space <keyword id="34991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="transportation">Transportation</keyword>, <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6995183-FAA-letter-SpaceX-Starship-environmental.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote in a letter</a> the agency released to Business Insider. "Issuing experimental permits and launch licenses is a major federal action under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and requires a new environmental review beyond the 2014 EIS [Environmental Impact Statement]."Hoping to avoid redoing that review, which was approved in 2014 after nearly three years of work, SpaceX is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-new-faa-environmental-review-assessment-impact-statement-texas-2020-7">pursuing what's called an Environmental Assessment</a>, or EA, at Boca Chica. The process is designed to be a targeted revision of the review. It typically takes three to four months, unless it turns up unforeseen issues — in which case it could trigger a full, years-long redo of an EIS. Given SpaceX's aggressive development schedule and plans to land on Mars in just a few years, resetting that clock could represent a devastating setback. Fortunately for the company, that is unlikely to happen, says <a href="http://www.iafastro.org/biographie/george-c-nield/">George Nield</a>, a former FAA associate administrator who led AST for more than a decade.<h2>SpaceX's original plan for Boca Chica has astronomically evolved</h2>When the FAA approved SpaceX's exhaustive EIS in 2014, the aerospace company had a different idea for using Boca Chica: launching commercial space missions to orbit aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-block-5-2018-5">Falcon 9</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/falcon-heavy-spacex-epic-rocket-launch-in-person-2018-2">Falcon Heavy</a> rockets.By running its own private spaceport, SpaceX could get around launch schedule conflicts and red tape that's common at leased launch pads on government sites, such as NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida and Vandenberg Air Force Base in California."They could be much more in control of the overall schedule, and there was a lot of business, so it was a good thing to have another place to launch from," Nield, who oversaw AST when SpaceX's site was approved, previously told Business Insider.But after a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-texas-starship-launch-site-development-challenges-2019-6">series of problems</a> and amid softening demand for launching telecommunications satellites, SpaceX abandoned its original plans shortly after earning the FAA's permission in 2014.Workers wouldn't return en masse to the sand, mud, and sweltering heat until mid-2018, when they quietly started building what would become <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-mars-rocket-spaceport-flyover-pictures-boca-chica-texas-2020-7">the Starship factory</a> — a facility Musk hopes can build a new spaceship every three days, according to <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/03/inside-elon-musks-plan-to-build-one-starship-a-week-and-settle-mars/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eric Berger of Ars Technica</a>."Private industry is not big, bureaucratic, slow government," Nield said. "With SpaceX in particular, they start down a road and if it looks like 'this is not going to be as fast as we thought,' or 'it's not the right approach to take,' or 'we've changed our mind, we want to do something different,' they'll do it."That flexibility helped SpaceX to successfully <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starhopper-launch-landing-rocket-ship-success-video-pictures-2019-7">launch and land</a> a stubby prototype called Starhopper at Boca Chica in August 2019 and build a handful of full-scale Starship bodies.<div type="image" title="starhopper august 2019 test flight raptor engine 500 feet boca chica beach south texas spacex" height="1200" width="2400" msid="77095570" hostid="261"></div>On May 28 — the day before one <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-rocket-prototype-explosion-fireball-boca-chica-texas-2020-5">Starship prototype exploded</a> during a test — the FAA granted SpaceX <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6998632-Final-License-and-Orders-SpaceX-Starship.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a launch license</a> to fly its experimental vehicles to the edge of space and back. A <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-filed-to-launch-starship-prototype-2020-7">Thursday FCC filing</a> suggests SpaceX plans to use that permission to launch prototypes up to 12.4 miles (20 kilometers) high and land them back on the ground, possibly starting as soon as mid-August.On Tuesday, Musk <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1285617982970961921" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tweeted</a> that SpaceX will attempt to fly one of its Starship prototypes "later this week." "The pictures of the progress coming out of that area are just phenomenal; there's nothing like it that I've ever seen — they're just cranking these things out one after another," Nield said. "That's how you make advancements. It's not by studying things for a few years and crossing your fingers and hoping everything goes perfectly. It's by pushing the envelope and seeing what works and what doesn't work."Not everyone is impressed, though. The aerospace company has seen <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/last-town-before-mars">pushback from some locals</a>, one of whom <a href="https://www.borderreport.com/hot-topics/exclusive-faa-is-investigating-south-texas-launch-facility-after-change-in-rocket-tests-by-spacex/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told Border Report</a> that SpaceX had pulled a "bait and switch" by scrapping the plans it'd promised and instead building a 24/7 Starship factory. In addition, a number of environmental groups have voiced concerns with the FAA about the change of plans. In a <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/a-FAA-SpaceX-EIS-Request-1-July-3-2020.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">July 3 letter to the FAA</a>, seven organizations criticized the FAA for its "rubber stamp approval" of SpaceX's site use and vehicle changes and demanded the feds put SpaceX through a new, lengthy EIS.The FAA <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6995183-FAA-letter-SpaceX-Starship-environmental.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">responded on July 17</a>, indicating that the agency is following the letter of the law and that SpaceX is in compliance, though is not immune from tedious <keyword id="50323" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="regulations">regulations</keyword> in its pursuit of a simpler EA."If an applicant believes the proposed action would have no significant environmental impacts, or that they can mitigate any potential impacts, then the applicant typically chooses an EA," the FAA's Searight wrote. "However, all applicants run the potential risk that further review may uncover significant impacts that cannot be mitigated. In those cases, the FAA must conduct an EIS."But Nield expects few, if any, snags for SpaceX as it pursues the new assessment.<h2>Probably 'not significantly different' in terms of the <keyword id="6356826" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ENVIRONMENT">environment</keyword></h2><div type="image" title="illustration starship spaceship rocket ship super heavy booster launching boca chica beach south texas launchpad launch pad spacex edit bi" height="1200" width="2400" msid="77095573" hostid="261"></div>Fully fueled at the launch pad, the 9 million-pound Starship-Super Heavy will stand 70% taller and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200519020710/https://www.spacex.com/starship" target="_blank" rel="noopener">weigh three times as much</a> as Falcon Heavy, the largest rocket SpaceX had previously planned to fly from Boca Chica. Starship-Super Heavy will also use different rocket engines, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-raptor-mars-moon-rocket-engine-blast-videos-2019-2">called Raptors</a>, that burn liquid methane fuel instead of RP-1, a type of high-grade kerosene, among other significant differences.Such factors will matter when, as part of SpaceX's launch license application for Starship-Super Heavy, the FAA <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starhopper-rocket-launch-liability-insurance-faa-mandate-2019-8">calculates worst-possible-scenarios</a> to see if the vehicle poses too much of a threat to nearby people and property on the ground.But Nield noted that safety analyses for launch licenses are distinct from environmental ones."That's not what the environmental assessment is supposed to be about. It's about, 'What is the effect on the environment?'" he said. "I think it's likely, although not guaranteed, that the full system will be not significantly different from what they've already done." As an analogy, Nield noted how US airports — a rough approximation to spaceports — don't restart years-long environmental review processes just because a new airplane appears on the runway."It looks different, it's bigger, it's heavier, it has more propellant. OK, but is it louder? If so, how much is it? Is there more pollution? If so, how much? Is there any other impact? If so, what is it? Those are the questions that they will need to address before they decide, 'You know what, this is so different that we really have to do a full environmental impact statement,'" Nield said. "But I suspect — and I could be wrong — that if you look at all those things that are part of an environmental review, then most of those things aren't going to change."Plus, SpaceX has precedent on its side. Before it unveiled the Falcon Heavy rocket for launch from its leased site at Kennedy Space Center in early 2018, it performed an EA that looked at the impacts of landing the vehicle's twin side boosters at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The FAA arrived at a "<a href="https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/environmental/nepa_docs/review/launch/media/FAA_FONSI_for_Falcon_Heavy_RTLS_at_LZ-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">finding of no significant impact</a>," or FONSI.For SpaceX's new EA, Nield said it's his opinion that "the FAA will try to do the right thing" as it has done in the past."It's not so much a yes-or-no thing. It's a process that needs to be followed to ensure that good decisions can be made in the end," Nield said. "The decision that we're talking about is, 'Should a launch license be granted?'" The agency told Business Insider that it expects to publish "a path forward" for the Starship-Super heavy EA in late July. SpaceX did not respond to multiple requests for comment.Have a story or inside information to share about the spaceflight industry? Send Dave Mosher an email at <a href="mailto:dmosher+tips@businessinsider.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dmosher+tips@businessinsider.com</a> or a Twitter direct message at <a href="https://twitter.com/davemosher" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@davemosher</a>. More secure communication options are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/dave-mosher" target="_blank" rel="noopener">listed here</a>.

SpaceX must pass a new environmental review before it can launch Starship-Super Heavy rockets from Texas, and it might add years to Elon Musk's Mars timeline

<a href="http://www.horizons.gc.ca/eng" target="_blank">Policy Horizons Canada</a> worked with futurist and data visualization specialist <a href="http://www.michellzappa.com/" target="_blank">Michell Zappa</a> of <a href="http://envisioningtech.com/" target="_blank">Envisioning</a> to produce a report called <a href="http://www.horizons.gc.ca/eng/content/metascan-3-emerging-technologies-0" target="_blank">MetaScan 3: Emerging Technologies</a> and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/emerging-technologies-that-will-change-the-world-2014-4">accompanying infographics</a>. We are reproducing the summary for <a href="http://www.horizons.gc.ca/eng/content/digital-and-communication-technology">emerging digital and communications technologies</a>.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Minority-Widescreen-Two-Disc-Special-Edition/dp/B00005JL78">"Minority Report"</a>Coming soon?</div></div></div>Below are technologies related to digital and communications under three key areas of accelerating change. In electronics, advances take the form of faster computers, flexible and printable electronics, and smaller and better sensors. In networking, the trend is towards more interoperability between networks, higher bandwidth and more virtual services. In human interfaces, we see change converging on more portable devices and enormously improved telepresence between people.
We have included a technological timeline based on consultation with experts, predicting when each will be scientifically viable - the kind of stuff that Google, governments, and universities deal with - mainstream - when VCs and startups widely invest in it - and financially viable - when the technology is generally available on Kickstarter.
<h2>Electronics</h2>
Digital currencies: Electronic money that acts as alternative currency. Currently, alternative digital currencies are not produced by government-endorsed central banks nor necessarily backed by national currencies. It differs from virtual money used in virtual economies due to its use in transactions with real goods and services; not being limited to circulation within online games.
Scientifically viable today; mainstream in 2016; financially viable in 2017. 
Botsourcing: The assignment of physical and online tasks traditionally performed by human agents to an autonomous software agent.
Scientifically viable in 2017; mainstream and financially viable in 2020.
Smart dust sensors: A system of many tiny microelectromechanical systems such as sensors, robots, or other devices, that can detect, for example, light, temperature, vibration, magnetism, or chemicals.
Scientifically viable in 2022; mainstream in 2024; and financially viable in 2027.
Printed electronics: A set of printing methods used to create electrical devices on various substrates. Electrically functional or optical inks are deposited on the material, creating active or passive devices, such as thin film transistors or resistors. Printed electronics is expected to facilitate widespread, very low-cost, low-performance electronics for applications such as flexible displays, smart labels, decorative and animated posters, and active clothing that do not require high performance.
Scientifically viable in 2021; mainstream and financially viable in 2022.
Memristors: The reason why the memristor is so different from the other three basic circuit elements is that it retains memory without power. It is a new material that promises computers two orders of magnitude more efficient from a power perspective than traditional transistor technologies, contains multiple petabits of persistent storage, and can be reconfigured to be either memory or CPU in a package as small as a sugar cube.
Scientifically viable in 2018; mainstream in 2022; financially viable in 2025.
<h2>Networking</h2>
MOOCs: Massive Open Online Courses are a type of online course aimed at large-scale participation and open access via the web.
Scientifically viable and mainstream today; financially viable in 2021.
5G: A predicted future fifth generation of mobile telecommunications, expected to be the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standard as well as a proposed single global standard.
Scientifically viable in 2016; mainstream in 2017; financially viable in 2022.
WiGig: Wireless Gigabit will deliver up to 6 Gbps [6,000 Mbps] connections between devices in interior spaces. This will enable wireless displays, much like Wi-Fi did for wireless networking.
Scientifically viable in 2016; mainstream in 2021; financially viable in 2022.
High-altitude stratospheric platforms: A quasi-stationary aircraft that provides means of delivering networking to a large area while flying at a very high altitude (17-22 km) over cities for several years. They are effectively low-orbit regional communication satellites.
Scientifically viable in 2022; mainstream in 2026; financially viable in 2027.
<h2>Interfaces</h2>
Context-aware computing: Computers that can both sense and react to their environment. Devices will have information about the circumstances under which they operate, and based on rules and sensor inputs, react accordingly. Context-aware devices may also learn assumptions about the user's current situation.
Scientifically viable today; mainstream and financially viable in 2017.
Annotated-reality glasses: Much like Google's Glass project, these allow contextual information to be overlaid on the user's field of vision.
Scientifically viable today; mainstream in 2019; financially viable in 2020.
Wall-sized screens: Tileable and interactive screen-wallpapers are expected to dominate all types of surfaces for domestic and professional uses. Wrap-around screens recruit the peripheral vision and create a truly immersive experience
Scientifically viable in 2017; mainstream in 2022; financially viable in 2023.
Telepresence: A set of technologies which allow a person to feel as if they were present, to give the appearance of being present, or to have an effect, via telerobotics, at a place other than their true location.
Scientifically viable today; mainstream in 2024; financially viable in 2025.
Immersive multi-user VR: A fully immersive Virtual Reality environment to which the user connects through direct brain stimulation. All senses would be stimulated, diffusing the boundary between reality and fiction.
Scientifically viable and mainstream in 2026; financially viable in 2027.
<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/emerging-technologies-that-will-change-the-world-2014-4">Check out infographics showing these and other emerging technologies »</a>

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