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<ul><li>An international team of scientists has discovered a new ‘<keyword id="85716" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="super-Earth">Super Earth</keyword>’ around 122 light-years away.</li><li>This planet outside our solar system is 70% bigger than Earth with days that only last 16 hours.</li><li>It’s also a whole lot hotter than Earth, burning at 1069 Kelvin, which is round 800 degrees Celsius.</li></ul>A team of international scientists have found a new, possibly habitable, planet outside the known solar system dubbed <a href="http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/toi-1685_b/">TOI-1685b</a>. Located over 122 light-years away, this new planet has been given the status of a ‘super Earth’.<br /><br />It is 70% more massive than our home planet and one day on the planet only lasts 16 hours — that’s only two-thirds of a day on Earth.<br /><br />The catch, however, is that this particular candidate for habitable life is one of the hottest Earth-size exoplanets discovered so far. It has a surface temperature of 1069 Kelvin, which comes in just under 800 degrees Celsius. The Earth’s average surface temperature, as of 2017, was around 14.9 degrees Celsius.<br /><br />"We present the discovery of the ultra-short-period planet TOI-1685b, which orbits its host star with a period of 0.669 days. To conﬁrm the planetary nature of the <keyword id="1631115" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="TESS">TESS</keyword> transiting candidate we obtained high resolution spectra using the CARMENES spectrograph," the astronomers wrote in the paper published on <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01016">arXIv.org</a>.<br /><br />TOI-1658b will now be slotted with the other discoveries of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) tool is conducting a survey of around 200,000 of the biggest stars around the Sun to Earth-like planets.<br /><br /><div type="image" title="super earth_edited" msid="81429229" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Artistic impression of the surface of the newly discovered hot super-Earth Gliese 486b, which has a temperature of about 700 Kelvin (430 °C). The astronomers of the CARMENES collaboration expect a Venus-like hot and dry landscape interspersed with glowing lava rivers. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div><br />So far, it has identified around 2,500 candidate exoplanets, of which 113 have been confirmed. This year, TESS has already made two other discoveries — one of the <a href="https://www.mpia.de/news/science/2021-05-gliese486b">nearby Super Earth</a> and three new worlds in a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-tess-discovers-new-worlds-in-a-river-of-young-stars">‘river’ of young stars.</a><br /><br /><strong>The conundrum of the red dwarf star<br /></strong>In order for a planet to be habitable, it must have a star — just like the Earth has the Sun. TOI-1685b’s home star is an M dwarf, also called a ‘red dwarf’ star. <br /><br />These are some of the most common stars around. They’re also considered to be one of the best candidates for a habitable planet since they’re smaller and less luminous than Earth’s Sun.<br /><br />However, <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/m-dwarfs-could-be-the-best-or-worst-extraterrestrial-homes/">critics</a> believe that while red dwarf planets are easy to find, they may be difficult for fostering actual life. <br /><br />Due to their small size and weaker gravity, M dwarfs can take longer to form than much larger stars. Meanwhile, the planets trying to take birth around the star would be subject to the heavy light and heat for the formative years — possibility cooking off most of the planet’s life-giving water before the star even forms.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/tcs-cfo-explains-how-the-role-of-a-finance-head-has-been-changed-by-the-pandemic/articleshow/81423884.cms">EXCLUSIVE: TCS CFO explains how the role of a finance head has been changed by the pandemic</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/narendra-modi-joe-biden-yoshihide-suga-and-scott-morrison-are-set-to-meet-for-the-first-ever-quad-leaders-summit-on-march-12/articleshow/81424117.cms">The first-ever leaders summit of the QUAD may be another signal that it's ready for something more formal</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indias-new-data-protection-bill-makes-a-good-show-of-user-rights-but-can-it-deliver-on-its-promises/articleshow/81422687.cms">India’s new data protection bill makes a good show of user rights — but can it deliver on its promises</a></strong><br />

This new super Earth is 70% bigger than our planet, but it's also more than 50 times hotter

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>A powerful orbiting telescope called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch-tess-nasa-planet-hunting-telescope-2018-4">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)</a> has discovered a "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cold-super-earth-planet-barnards-star-2018-11">super-Earth</a>" and two "sub-Neptunes" orbiting a star just 73 light-years away.</li><li>One of the sub-Neptunes is in the star's habitable zone - where it's possible for planets to support life - but scientists think its atmosphere is very thick.</li><li>TESS is NASA's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-space-telescope-tess-searches-for-alien-planets-2018-8">most powerful tool in the search for Earth-like planets</a>. It has already <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-tess-releases-first-image-2018-9">discovered</a> over 850 potential new planets since it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch-nasa-exoplanet-telescope-youtube-webcast-2018-4">launched</a> a year ago.&#xa0;</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul><p>Three newly discovered worlds are among the smallest and nearest we've ever detected.</p><p>NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) - a super-powerful orbiting telescope designed to hunt for alien worlds - found the planets orbiting a star just 73 light-years away.</p><p>One is a rocky "super-Earth," more massive than our home planet but lighter than giants like Neptune. The other two are icy "sub-Neptunes" about half the size of the real Neptune.&#xa0;</p><p>The sub-Neptune that's farthest from its star appears to be within its habitable zone, which means the planet is just the right distance away to hold liquid water. However, scientists think the planet's atmosphere is probably too thick to support life, since it likely traps too much heat.&#xa0;</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><p>Still, the researchers say the star - named TOI-270, since it's the 270th "TESS Object of Interest" - could have other planets in its habitable zone. These nearby planets could also offer clues about how our own solar system formed.</p><h2>TESS is NASA's most powerful planet-hunting telescope yet</h2><p>TESS is a car-sized, highly sensitive telescope that launched in April 2018. Two months later, it settled into a unique orbit between Earth and the moon and started scanning the sky up to 300 light-years from our solar system. Specifically, TESS is looking for exoplanets: planets that orbit other stars.&#xa0;</p><p><span><em><strong>Read more:&#xa0;</strong></em><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/extrasolar-planet-nasa-discoveries-data-animated-map-2019-7">An incredible new animation shows where, when, and how astronomers found 4,000 planets beyond our solar system</a></span></p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><p>To hunt for these exoplanets, TESS watches thousands of stars for "transits": tiny dips in a star's brightness that could be caused by a planet passing in front of it. It observes one patch of the sky for 27 days at a time before moving on to a new patch. Each half of the sky (the northern half and the southern half) has 13 patches.</p><p>&#xa0;</p><p>Once the mission ends a year from now, TESS will have observed over 85% of the sky. Scientists expect that it will have identified thousands of exoplanet candidates, some of which could be habitable.&#xa0;</p><p>&#xa0;</p><p>TESS has <a href="https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/">found</a> over 850 potential new planets since it launched, though only 24 have been confirmed as exoplanets. Ground-based telescopes will help to analyze the rest over time.</p><p>The three newly discovered planets are among the 10 closest confirmed planets TESS has identified so far.&#xa0;<span style="background-color: #ffff00;"></span></p><h2>Sub-Neptunes and a super-Earth&#xa0;</h2><p>The newly discovered star system has something ours doesn't: Its two sub-Neptunes are "intermediate" planets, with a size and composition somewhere between that of Earth and Neptune. That means rocky super-Earth isn't much smaller than its neighbors, unlike in our own solar system.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><p>"There are a lot of little pieces of the puzzle that we can solve with this system," <span>Maximilian Günther, lead author of a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0845-5">paper</a> about the discovery published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/natastron/">Nature Astronomy</a>, said in a press release</span>.&#xa0;</p><p>Our own solar system is one of extremes, with huge differences in size and composition between the small, rocky inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and the distant ice giants (Neptune and Uranus). So astronomers think the two sub-Neptunes could help them figure out whether small, rocky, Earth-like planets form in the same way as massive icy ones, or whether the two types follow different paths.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><p>The new worlds also exhibit a unique mathematical quality that researchers don't fully understand yet. The planets line up in a chain, with the ratio of their orbits falling very close to whole numbers: The two inner planets have a 3:5 ratio, since the super-Earth takes 3 days to orbit around its star and the closer sub-Neptune takes 5 days. (It's a very small star.) The ratio between that middle sub-Neptune and the outer one (which has an 11-day orbit) is about 2:1.</p><p><span>"These planets line up like pearls on a string," Günther said. "That's a very interesting thing, because it lets us study their dynamical behavior. And you can almost expect, if there are more planets, the next one would be somewhere further out, at another integer ratio."</span></p><p><span>Similar math shows up in planets orbiting other stars and in the moons of Jupiter.</span></p><h2>More distant planets are waiting to be found</h2><p>The TOI-270 star is ideal for studying these planets' properties because it's relatively close to Earth and therefore bright. Plus, although it's a type of dwarf star that normally has lots of flares and solar storms,&#xa0; TOI-270 is unusually quiet because it's old and has become less active.&#xa0;</p><p>Researchers plan to continue studying the star system with other tools in the future, including the James Webb Space Telescope, which is expected to launch in 2021.</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><p>TESS, meanwhile, is <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-tess-mission-completes-first-year-of-survey-turns-to-northern-sky">turning its attention</a> to the northern half of the sky, after focusing on the southern sky for the last year.</p><div></div><div><div style="position:relative; padding-bottom:calc(56.25% + 44px)"></div></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-super-earth-2018-6">Super-Earths are real and they could be an even better place for life than Earth</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

NASA's newest planet-hunting telescope just discovered a 'super-Earth' and 2 'sub-Neptunes' less than 75 light-years away - among the closest exoplanets ever found

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/20-intriguing-exoplanets-part-2">ESO/NASA</a></span></p><p class="caption">An artist's rendering of an extrasolar planet.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>NASA is announcing a new discovery on Thursday at 1 p.m. ET.</strong></li><li><strong>Astronomers who study Kepler exoplanet data and an engineer from Google Brain are involved in the announcement.</strong></li><li><strong>Documents shared by NASA Watch describe a method for using Google's artificial intelligence algorithms to identify planets in Kepler space telescope data.</strong></li><li><strong>It's possible the space agency might announce more Earth-size planets or planet candidates found using the method.</strong></li></ul><p><br />NASA and Google are announcing a "major discovery" using data from the space agency's Kepler spacecraft this afternoon.</p><p>Kepler, a space telescope that trails Earth in orbit around the sun, has stared down 145,000 sun-like stars over the years, looking for signs of distant planets. NASA's most recent analysis of Kepler data confirmed 219 new worlds in the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-exoplanets-nasa-kepler-mission-data-2017-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more than 4,000 candidates</a> Kepler has turned up in the past eight years. This moved the space agency's total tally to 2,335 confirmed exoplanets - 10 of which may be <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/goldilocks-exoplanet-habitability-internal-heat-2016-8">rocky</a>, Earth-size, and possibly <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/earth-size-exoplanets-tau-ceti-star-system-2017-8">habitable</a> to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/enceladus-habitable-ocean-age-millions-billions-years-2017-11">alien life</a>.</p><p>"The discovery was made by researchers using machine learning from Google. Machine learning is an approach to artificial intelligence, and demonstrates new ways of analyzing Kepler data," NASA wrote in <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-hosts-media-teleconference-to-announce-latest-kepler-discovery" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a cryptic advisory</a> for a media teleconference about the new findings.</p><p>Participants in the event - scheduled on Thursday at 1 p.m. ET - include Christopher Shallue, a software engineer who works on the artificial intelligence project Google Brain, and Andrew Vanderburg, an astronomer and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Texas at Austin.</p><p>But the three institutions involved in the announcement (NASA, Google, and UT Austin) have declined to share any information ahead of the briefing. In its press release about the teleconference, UT Austin also said the announcement will be a "<a href="https://news.utexas.edu/2017/12/11/media-advisory-astronomer-to-announce-major-discovery" target="_blank" rel="noopener">major discovery</a>".</p><h2>What might it be?</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/2017/fellows17/sagansymposiumvanderburg.pdf">Andrew Vanderburg, UT Austin/Caltech</a></span></p><p class="caption">A slide from astronomer Andrew Vanderburg's Nov. 9 presentation.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Keith Cowing, a former NASA employee who runs NASAWatch.com, has <a href="http://nasawatch.com/archives/2017/12/ai-is-now-helpi.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dug up a few interesting studies and presentations</a> since the space agency announced its secretive briefing.</p><p>The materials presented by Cowing include a slide deck (<a href="http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/2017/fellows17/sagansymposiumvanderburg.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PDF</a>) by Vanderburg published on Nov. 9, 2017 that describes a method to take somewhat unreliable Kepler exoplanet data and use artificial intelligence to boost the quality of signal. Google's engineer, Shallue, is noted as a key member of the work described. From the presentation:</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">"Kepler is incomplete and unreliable for Earth-sized planets in Earth-like orbits.</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">Our Approach</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">1. Increase sensitivity (and therefore completeness) by allowing weaker signals to be considered as planet candidates, at the cost of a higher false positive rate.<br />2. Use deep learning to more effectively distinguish real signals from false alarms and false positives, keeping reliability high."</p><p>Thus it stands to reason that NASA will announce the discovery of even more confirmed Earth-size exoplanets, or at least a better method of pulling them out of previously unreliable data. That new method may be similar to the way Google's artificial intelligence algorithms can identify faces, words, objects, and more in images.</p><p>Kepler is running out of fuel to make observations, and its sensors are obsolete by more than a decade at this point. If new candidates or confirmed planets are announced, this could make for an even more thorough list of objects that NASA could target in the future - ideally with powerful new space observatories that it plans to launch, including the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/proxima-b-habitable-atmosphere-jwst-2016-9">James Webb Space Telescope</a> and the <a href="https://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a>, or TESS.</p><p>NASA hasn't stated any plans to air the briefing on <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-tv-webcast-2016-3">NASA TV</a>, but it does intend to share the event and accompanying images and video via its NASA Live page. The public can also ask questions on Twitter via the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/askNASA?src=hash" target="_blank" rel="noopener">#askNASA</a> hashtag.</p><p>As we learn more during and after the briefing, as we'll update this with any information we get.</p><p class="tagline">Get the latest Google stock price<a href="http://markets.businessinsider.com/stock/GOOG-Quote"> here.</a></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/spacecraft-cemetery-pacific-ocean-dead-satellites-2017-10">There's a place at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean where hundreds of giant spacecraft go to die</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

NASA and Google are announcing a 'major discovery' about exoplanets - here's what it probably is

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This new super Earth is 70% bigger than our planet, but it's also more than 50 times hotter

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NASA's newest planet-hunting telescope just discovered a 'super-Earth' and 2 'sub-Neptunes' less than 75 light-years away - among the closest exoplanets ever found

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