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<ul><li>Netaji <keyword id="100207" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhas-Chandra-Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</keyword> was born 123 years before on this same day. </li><li>He is India’s most famous as well as controversial freedom fighter who founded Azad Hind Fauz. </li><li>He continues to intrigue curious minds after his mysterious disappearance on a cold winter morning. </li></ul>Netaji Subhas Chandra <keyword id="6371315" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bose">Bose</keyword> is the creator of the slogan, Jai Hind which has become a popular Indian chant today. And, he was born 123 years before on January 23. He is India’s most famous as well as controversial freedom fighter who founded Azad Hind Fauz. He continues to intrigue curious minds after his mysterious disappearance on a cold winter morning. Kabir Khan’s The Unforgettable Army Azaadi Ke Liye on Amazon Prime Video which will be released on January 24, will pay homage to his heroics. The story will revolve around the formation of Bose’s National Army after British failed to defeat Singapore in World War II. Here’s a look back at his life: Bose had always been a fighter — he quit a lucrative job to liberate India 
 
 
 
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 Bose was born in Cuttack, Odisha on January 23, 1897. He was a brilliant student who went to England to study — where he was also preparing for Indian Civil Services. He got selected in the ICS in 1920, but chose not to work for an alien government. He came back to India at the time when the country was fighting for freedom against the British government. He met Deshbandu Chitranjan Das, the editor of newspaper ‘Forward’, and Bose became the editor later. For Bose, the meaning and purpose of life was very simple: to seek freedom from bondage of every kind. From journalist to congress president 
	
 
 
 
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 Credits: IANS After becoming the editor of Forward, apart from writing against the Raj, he organised a boycott in Calcutta during Prince of Wales’ visit. This landed him in prison. A year later, he criticised Mahatma Gandhi for cancelling the non-co-operation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident. During the incident, Indians set fire to a police station killing many Indians and Britishers alike. Bose kept moving from jail to jail between 1924 and 1938. In 1930, Bose became the mayor of Calcutta even as he was jailed. He was released after he got sick and needed to travel abroad for treatment. That is when he took his call for freedom to other shores. The most controversial political leader of his time 
 
 
 
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 In January 1938, he became the president of the Indian National Congress. And at Tripuri session 1939, he defeated Gandhi’s candidate, Patabi Sitharam Iyer, to win a second term. However, he distanced himself from Congress after the party’s ideology didn’t match his own. He formed the Forward Bloc to carry on his struggle. He started looking for allies outside India — and for that he escaped his house arrest in Calcutta and fled to Europe again. He met a Nazi leader who is known to have promised him assistance to weaken the British in India. Bose believed India could attain freedom if they fought against Britain during World War II. Following his idea, he freed several Indian freedom fighters in Europe to form a Mukti Sena. The Azad Hind Fauj and Bose 
 
 
 
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 The Azad Hind Fauz was formed in 1941 in Berlin and comprised of Indian prisoners of war from Europe and North Africa. In December, Japan marked the beginning of World War II in Asia after it attacked Pearl Harbour. The fall of Singapore during that time shook the foundation of British Raj across the world. Meanwhile, the Indian freedom struggle was at its final round after Gandhi called for the Quit India Movement in 1942. In 1943, Bose became the commanding officer for Azad Hind Fauz — the army which attacked Britishers a year later. His army was able to free several Indian areas including Parel and Tihim from the British. In September 1944, his famous dialogue “Tum mujhe khoon do mein tumhe azadi dunga” (Give me your blood, I’ll give you your freedom) triggered a new wave of patriotism. He established a provisional government of Azad Hind in 1944 with a slogan ‘Chalo Delhi’. Mysterious death and controversy behind it 
 
 
 
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 Amidst all this melee, just a few years before India became independent, Bose vanished. Japanese Domei news agency said Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose died on August 18 in a plane crash at the Japanese-controlled Matsuyama military airport in Taihoku (now Taiwan). The incident left many Indians in a state of shock and disbelief. Even after 75 years, the controversy surrounding the death of Bose refuses to die down. A few believe that he did not die during the accident. Other theories say that he spent his last days in Uttar Pradesh while some say he lived abroad. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/news/delhi-chief-minister-arvind-kejriwal-achievements-ahead-of-delhi-elections-2020/articleshow/73145839.cms">Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal⁠— the man with a knack for Carpe Diem</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/savitribai-phule-19th-century-indian-feminist-didnt-just-educate-women-she-helped-rape-victims-and-pregnant-women/articleshow/73071238.cms">This 19th century Indian feminist didn't just educate women— she helped rape victims and pregnant women</a>

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and the mystery of his death lives even after 75 years

Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> on Saturday made public digital copies of 100 secret files relating to <keyword id="10995" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhash-Chandra-Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</keyword> on his 119th birth anniversary, which could throw some light on the controversy over his death. The files were declassified and put on digital display at the National Archives of India (NAI) here by the Prime Minister, who pressed a button in the presence of Bose family members and Union Ministers Mahesh Sharma and <keyword id="6721" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="babul-Supriyo">Babul Supriyo</keyword>. 

	Later, Modi and his ministerial colleagues went around glancing at the declassified files, spending over half an hour at the National Archives. He also spoke to the members of the Bose family.
 

	The NAI also plans to release digital copies of 25 declassified files on Bose in the public domain every month.
 

	In October last year, the Prime Minister had met the family members of Netaji and announced that the government would declassify the files relating to the leader whose disappearance 70 years ago remains a mystery.
 

	While two commissions of inquiry had concluded that Netaji had died in a plane crash in Taipei on 18 August, 1945, a third probe panel, headed by Justice M K Mukherjee, had contested it and suggested that Bose was alive after that. The controversy had also split members of the Bose family too.
 

	The first lot of 33 files were declassified by the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) and handed over to the NAI on 4 December, last year.

	Subsequently, the Ministries of Home Affairs and External Affairs too initiated the process of declassification of files relating to Bose in their respective collection which were then transferred over to the NAI, it added.
 

	In his reaction to the declassification, Chandra Kumar Bose, spokesperson of the Bose family and grand-nephew of Subhash Chandra Bose who was present at the ceremony, said "we welcome this step by Prime Minister wholeheartedly. This is a day of transparency in India."

	Earlier in day, he told PTI, "We feel that certain very important files were destroyed during the Congress regime in order to hide the truth. We have documentary evidence to understand this. So we feel that the Indian government should take steps to ensure the release of files lying in Russia, Germany, UK, USA."
 

	Chandra Bose also said "We couldn't go through all the files as of now. But as of now, what we could go through, there are only circumstantial evidence of the air-crash but no conclusive evidence of the air crash."

	 "Even in one of the letters that we saw here which was written by <keyword id="6365933" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lal-Bahadur-Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</keyword> to Suresh Bose that there is no conclusive evidence about the air crash, only few circumstantial evidence," he told PTI after the files were declassified. 

	Chandra Bose said "there is a change in the attitude of the government from that of the previous ones.
 

	Firstly, the attitude of suppressing the facts about Netaji has been negated. And this is the biggest thing in unraveling the truth about Netaji."
 

	Netaji's nephew Ardhendu Bose, who was also at the ceremony here, said "the Bose family and the entire country has been waiting for this moment for the last seven decades nearly. We feel that these files would be able to throw some light on it."
 

	He also stressed that the files lying in KGB archives in Russia and those with Germany, UK and USA "will bring out more that what lies in those files. As we apprehend that certain files might have been destroyed."
 

	Just ahead of the declassification ceremony, an aged family member broke down in the presence of the Prime Minister.
 

	An official said the National Archives placed 100 files relating to Bose in public domain "after preliminary conservation treatment and digitization".
 

	The digital copies of these files coming out in public domain meets a "long-standing public demand" which would facilitate scholars to carry out further research on Bose, the official said.
 

	Besides the controversy over whether Subhash Bose died in the 1945 air crash or not, those who believe he was alive after that have different theories about what happened to the leader.
 While one of the theories says Bose fled to the former <keyword id="6365126" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Soviet-Union">Soviet Union</keyword> to continue to fight for India's independence but was later killed there, the other says that Netaji returned to India as an ascetic, named 'Gumnami Baba, and continued to live in Uttar Pradesh's Faizabad till 1985.

100 files relating to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose declassified by PM Modi

New Delhi, Feb 26 () Labour Minister Santosh Gangwar on Wednesday laid the foundation stone of a 100-bedded Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) hospital at Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh. Gummanur Jayaram, Minister for Labour &amp; Employment, Training &amp; Factories, Andhra Pradesh was the chief guest of the function and Vanga Geetha Viswandh, MP, Kakinada presided the function, Labour Ministry said in a statement. Besides, Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose, Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for Revenue, Stamps &amp; Registration, Andhra Pradesh was also present on the occasion. Gangwar talked about the various initiatives taken by the government to provide better care and services to workers. He also informed about reduction in contribution rates under Employees State Insurance Scheme, implementation of Atal Bimit Vyakti Kalyan Yojana, among others. The hospital will be built over 7 acres area with an estimated cost of Rs 101.54 crore. It will consist of G+2 levels, including residential campus and will be equipped with all modern medical facilities like OPD, wards, labs and emergency facility. The hospital is expected to be completed in two years. After construction, it will be handed over to the state for running it. The hospital will help in catering to the needs of Kakinada and Yanam that currently have over 65,000 IPs (insured persons) and over 2 lakh beneficiaries, the statement said. KKS RVK

Gangwar lays foundation stone of 100-bedded ESIC hospital in Kakinada

<ul><li>The <keyword id="56459" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="University-Grants-Commission">University Grants Commission</keyword> released a list of 23 ‘fake universities’ in India. </li><li>Of the total 23 universities, 14 have been on the <keyword id="44171" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="UGC">UGC</keyword>’s list from 2005 — including Commercial University, United Nations University, Vocational University among others. </li><li>Despite that, several universities have also claimed on their websites that they are approved by the UGC.</li></ul>This admission season, the University Grants Commission is providing a much-needed reality check to prospective students and their parents. It released a list of <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/education/ugc-releases-fake-universities-list-up-delhi-has-the-most-ugc-ac-in-5845473/">23 ‘fake universities’</a>. Unfortunately, they are all functional, though unrecognised under the UGC Act. Most of such universities are from Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. These include Vishwakarma Open University for Self-Employment, Varanaseya Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering, Delhi and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose University. This is not the first time that these colleges have featured in the UGC’s annual list of fake universities. Of the total 23 universities, 14 have been on the <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ugc-fake-university-notice-14-out-of-23-on-list-since-2005/article28691632.ece">UGC’s list from 2005</a> — including Commercial University, United Nations University, Vocational University and ADR-Centric Juridical University in Delhi. In fact, the United Nations University, Vocational University, Commercial University appeared in the list of fake universities last year too. Several of these universities continue to claim that they are approved by the UGC on their websites. Badaganvi Sarkar World Open University Education Society, Karnataka, St. John's University, Kerala and Raja Arabic University, Maharashtra have been operational since 2005, despite the UGC’s checklist. The University Grants Commission set up an anti-malpractice cell in 1995 to register complaints on established fake universities. While the board has filed FIRs against several institutions, many of them are still operational. Check the list of 23 fake universities declared by UGC: <ul><li>National University of Electro Complex Homeopathy, Kanpur</li><li>Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose University (Open University),</li><li>Aligarh Uttar Pradesh Vishwavidyalaya, Kosi Kalan, Mathura</li><li>Maharana Pratap Shiksha Niketan Vishwavidyalaya, Pratapgarh</li><li>Varanaseya Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya, Uttar Pradesh</li><li>Varanasi Mahila Gram Vidyapith/Vishwavidyalaya, (Women’s University), Allahabad</li><li>Gandhi Hindi Vidyapith, Prayag, Allahabad</li><li>Indraprastha Shiksha Parishad, Institutional Area, Khod</li><li>ADR-Centric Juridical University, Delhi</li><li>Indian Institute of Science and Engineering, Delhi</li><li>Viswakarma Open University for Self-Employment, Delhi</li><li>Commercial University Ltd., Daryaganj</li><li>United Nations University, Delhi</li><li>Vocational University, Delhi</li><li>Adhyatmik Vishwavidyalaya, Delhi</li><li>Varanaseya Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya, Delhi</li><li>Nababharat Shiksha Parishad, Anupoorna Bhawan, Rourkela</li><li>North Orissa University of Agriculture &amp; Technology, Odisha</li><li>Indian Institute of Alternative Medicine, Kolkata</li><li>Institute of Alternative Medicine and Research, Kolkata</li><li>Badaganvi Sarkar World Open University Education Society</li><li>Belgaum St John’s University, Kishanattam</li><li>Raja Arabic University, Nagpur</li><li>Sree Bodhi Academy of Higher Education, Puducherry</li></ul>See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/according-to-aicte-78-engineering-colleges-are-going-to-shut-down-this-academic-year/articleshow/70345828.cms">Over 70 engineering colleges in India opt for ‘progressive closure’ as they fall short of students, checkout the full list</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sexual-harassment-at-educational-institutions-a-challenge-for-indias-lgbtq-community-finds-unesco-report/articleshow/69723003.cms">Sexual harassment at educational institutions a challenge for India's LGBTQ community, finds UNESCO report</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/ugc-opens-application-for-delhi-university-colleges-to-apply-for-autonomous-status/articleshow/68794331.cms">Students in India's national capital brace for fee hikes as Delhi University colleges are allowed to seek 'autonomy' online</a>

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Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and the mystery of his death lives even after 75 years

Preeti Soni

100 files relating to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose declassified by PM Modi

BI India Bureau

Gangwar lays foundation stone of 100-bedded ESIC hospital in Kakinada

PTI

UGC declared 23 Indian institutions as fake universities — and they have been ‘fake’ for over a decade now

Prerna Sindwani

Full text of President Ram Nath Kovind's first address to the Parliament as the 17th Lok Sabha gets underway

BI India Bureau

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