<p class="p1"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Harrison Jacobs/Business Insider</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Deep in Brooklyn's interior lies Green-Wood Cemetery, one of the largest and most prominent burial grounds in the United States.</p>
<p class="p1">In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Green-Wood was a premier final destination, housing the remains of New York City's elite in fields as varied as business, art, industry, and politics.</p>
<p class="p1">Among the most notable eternal residents are corrupt politician William "Boss" Tweed, toy store founder F.A.O. Schwarz, piano manufacturer Henry Steinway, and business magnates Charles Pfizer and William Colgate. <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">More recent arrivals include famed artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and composer Leonard Bernstein.</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">The 400-acre grounds, built in 1838, are a stunning example of the rural cemetery movement, with Green-Wood often looking more like a beautiful city park than a graveyard.<span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span></p>
<p class="p1">We took a tour of the grounds <a href="http://www.green-wood.com/category/blog/">with Green-Wood historian Jeff Richman</a>, who let us in on all the stories hidden behind the monuments and gravestones.</p>

Tour The Beautiful Cemetery Where New York's Rich And Powerful Were Laid To Rest [PHOTOS]

<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"><div class="image-container float_right"><div class="image"><p class="source on-image"><keyword id="165441" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Sothebys">Sotheby's</keyword></p></div></div>On the eve of <keyword id="6354427" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Apple">Apple</keyword>'s big iPhone launch event, Sotheby's Financial services group is announced an <keyword id="1639" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Auction">auction</keyword> for <keyword id="6351" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="charity">charity</keyword> featuring Apple's own Jony Ive.</span></p>
<p>The collaboration between Ive, U2 singer Bono, and designer Marc Newson will benefit the (RED) charity for AIDS in Africa.</p>
<p>The auction will take place in New York on November 23 and will feature items like a Steinway unique grand Model A Piano customized by Ive and Newson. </p>
<p>Other items include a Dom Perignon 1996 custom red cooler, 18k Solid Rose Gold Apple EarPods, and tons of other one-of-a-kind pieces.</p>
<p>You can <a href="http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/BID/2676031857x0x689391/03c7ce75-8fbc-4b13-ad59-7b1c60bc1532/689391.pdf">read more about the event here.</a> </p>

Apple Design Guru Jony Ive And Bono Are Teaming Up To Auction 18k Gold EarPods For Charity

<p><div class="image-container float_right"><div class="image"><p class="source">REUTERS/Jason Reed</p><p class="caption">A member of the audience takes a picture as Janet Yellen prepares to testify at her U.S. Senate Banking Committee confirmation hearing in Washington, November 14, 2013. </p></div></div>On Wednesday, the <keyword id="136502" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="FOMC">FOMC</keyword> will release the minutes from its October meeting, signaling to market participants how the central bank is incorporating economic data into its <keyword id="6357126" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="monetary-policy">monetary policy</keyword> formula.</p>
<p>Today we may get a hint of how various members of the Fed are feeling. There are four Fed appearances today:</p>
<ol>
<li>New York Fed President Dudley will speak in Queens, New York at 12:15 p.m. ET.  He will then tour the Steinway Factory in Long Island City at 3:45 p.m.</li>
<li>Philadelphia Fed President Plosser will speak on the economic outlook in Philadelphia at 1:30 p.m.</li>
<li>Minneapolis Fed President Kocherlakota will speak on bank regulation in Minneapolis at 7:45 p.m.</li>
</ol>
<p><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/moneygame">Check back on Business Insider</a> for updates throughout the day.</p>

Get Ready For A Busy Day Of Fedspeak

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Gramercy Park is the most exclusive park in Manhattan.</p>
<p>The two-acre plot may be small, but it's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/gramercy-park-keys-2012-1">steeped in history</a> and surrounded by some of the city's oldest buildings. </p>
<p>Since it opened in 1831, the park has been off-limits to outsiders and the best-kept secret of its famous residents. Oscar Wilde, the Steinways, and Thomas Edison all had the special keys, and two presidents - Teddy Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy - played behind these wrought iron fences as children.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>What makes it so hard to get into is that only 383 keys for the gates exist, and they're all owned by the residents of the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/18-gramercy-park-tour-2012-10">39 apartment buildings that border the park</a>.</p>
<p>But now, thanks to an Airbnb user, there's a <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/40%C2%B044'16.4%22N+73%C2%B059'08.3%22W/@40.737892,-73.985633,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m5!1e1!3m3!1srM2_4sMeCAkAAAQW4fLxvg!2e0!3e11!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0">Google Maps tour of the exclusive park</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/nyregion/peek-in-gramercy-park-key-no-longer-required.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss">According to The New York Times</a>, Pittsburgh resident Shawn Christopher gained access to the park while renting a Gramercy Park apartment on Airbnb for his honeymoon this year. He took 360-degree panoramas using the app <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/about/contribute/photosphere/">Photo Sphere</a> and uploaded it to Google Maps, unaware that such behavior is expressly forbidden by Gramercy Park Block Association.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Gramercy Park Block Association President </span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Arlene Harrison told the Times that she had no intention of removing the image from Google Maps, though she added that if Google had asked to photograph the park, she would have turned them down.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><br /></span></p>

You Can Now Go Inside The Most Exclusive Park In Manhattan Thanks To Google Maps

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Jeffrey Epstein appears in a photo taken for the NY Division of Criminal Justice Services' sex offender registry</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Now that convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-committed-suicide-in-jail-report-2019-8">died of an apparent suicide</a> while in federal custody, questions remain concerning what will happen to the investigation <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-bail-request-hearing-2019-7">into his charges</a> of sex trafficking of minors and conspiracy. </li><li>Two former federal prosecutors told Business Insider what they predict will happen in the cases against Epstein, and cast doubt on the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-apparent-suicide-raises-skepticism-conspiracy-theories-2019-8">prevailing conspiracy theory</a> that he was murdered by one of his <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/famous-people-jeffery-epstein-money-manager-sexual-trafficking-connected-2019-7">high-profile connections</a>.</li><li>The Southern District of New York US Attorney's Office confirmed its investigation into Epstein's conduct, particularly the charge against him of conspiracy to commit sex trafficking, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sdny-us-attorneys-office-confirms-epstein-investigation-remains-ongoing-conspiracy-2019-8">remains ongoing</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul><p>Convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-committed-suicide-in-jail-report-2019-8">death by apparent suicide</a> early Saturday morning while in federal custody has made the future of already complex legal proceedings even murkier. </p><p>The Southern District of New York <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-bail-request-hearing-2019-7">charged Epstein</a> with sex trafficking of minors and conspiracy to commit sex trafficking of minors in an indictment in July that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-bail-request-hearing-2019-7">accused him</a> of sexually assaulting dozens of underage girls between at least the years of 2002 and 2005 in his Palm Beach, Florida, and Manhattan residences.</p><p>The US Attorney's Office released <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sdny-us-attorneys-office-confirms-epstein-investigation-remains-ongoing-conspiracy-2019-8">a statement</a> on Saturday saying that investigation, with emphasis on the charge of conspiracy, will continue. Epstein's victims have been and continue to be urged to contact the FBI, which along with the SDNY and Office of the Inspector General is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/attorney-general-barr-iinvestigating-jeffrey-epstein-suicide-2019-8">conducting an investigation</a> into the circumstances surrounding Epstein's suicide.</p><p>In examining what lies ahead for the prosecution, Epstein's accusers, and the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-apparent-suicide-raises-skepticism-conspiracy-theories-2019-8">rampant conspiracy theories</a> surrounding wealthy financier's death, two former federal prosecutors shared their insight with Business Insider. Both cast doubt on the conspiracies, and suggested that his victims may sue his estate for damages.</p><p><strong><em>Read more: </em></strong><em><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/attorney-general-barr-iinvestigating-jeffrey-epstein-suicide-2019-8">Attorney General Barr announces investigation into Epstein's death by suicide amid reports the convicted sex offender wasn't on suicide watch when he died</a></em></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"I think it's far-fetched for somebody to say 'I'm gonna kill off Epstein because I'm not charged yet, but maybe I will be,'" Laurie Levenson, who is now a professor of <keyword id="6355470" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="law">law</keyword> at Loyola Law School, told Business Insider. </span></p><p>Levenson said the federal prosecutors pursuing Epstein's case will potentially seek charges against co-conspirators. Given the public pressure for someone to be held responsible for the charges against Epstein, she thinks "now is the time to worry" for those who were involved with Epstein's alleged sex trafficking operation. </p><p>"F<span style="font-weight: 400;">rankly, I think if they had a strong case against other people, we might have already seen it," Levenson said. "Maybe what the hope is, now that Epstein's not around, the people will say 'Someone has to be held responsible,' and more people will come forward. So that's a possibility. But right now it's pretty theoretical." </span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Shayanne Gal/Business Insider</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">David Weinstein, an attorney who for 11 years served as an Assistant US Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, where Epstein was initially charged, told Business Insider that the non-prosecution agreement Epstein signed in 2008 may hamper the SDNY's investigation into possible co-conspirators going forward, if they pursue the conspiracy charge against Epstein.</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"There's a particular specific paragraph that uses the words 'the United States' and then talks about named co-conspirators and then unnamed," Weinstein said, referring to the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-jeffrey-epsteins-secret-deal-could-affect-sex-trafficking-case-2019-7">controversial plea deal</a> that led to its co-signer, former Labor Secretary Alexander Acosta, who was then US Attorney in Miami, to step down after the deal came under scrutiny.</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"So there may be some leverage there that the unnamed co-conspirators can use to argue that the United States had given them immunity," he said. "But it'll be a little difficult because they'll have to interpret the words on the page."</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Epstein's victims will be able to identify co-conspirators going forward, Weinstein said, but depending on where the sexual assaults took place, some evidence may not be able to be included. Epstein owned at least one private jet and had <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-nyc-building-at-the-center-of-jeffrey-epsteins-web-2019-8">global connections</a>, and took some of his accusers on trips worldwide, where they allege they <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/epstein-giuffre-v-maxwell-unsealed-thousands-documents-defamation-2019-8">were also abused</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"It'll also be interesting to see what they seized, both from his apartment in New York, off of his person when they arrested him at the airport, any bank accounts that they've subpoenaed, any logs that they've either subpoenaed or been provided from his planes, and whether or not that adds to the corroboration for any live witnesses they have," Weinstein said.</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Weinstein also suggested that, as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-committed-suicide-in-jail-report-2019-8">reports emerge</a> that Epstein was no longer on suicide watch at the time of his death, an examination by medical professionals must have occurred that determined suicide watch unnecessary.</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"There have even been incidences where prisoners who were on suicide watch were still able to take their own lives," Weinstein said. "</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are 10 to 15 minute increments where there's not somebody who's specifically watching them, and that despite trying to keep everything away from them in their cells, they still find a way to take their own lives. I wouldn't say it's common but I don't think that this is uncommon, it's just rather infrequent."</span></p><p><strong><em>Read more: </em></strong><em><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/jeffrey-epstein-list-of-assets-owned-2019-7-1028347594">A Manhattan mansion, a ranch in New Mexico, a private jet, and a black stuffed poodle on a Steinway. Here's a look at the assets of Jeffrey Epstein.</a></em></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Both former federal prosecutors noted that conspiracists will continue to deny facts, even as new information is presented to them, but said that if ineptitude on the part of the detention facility is to blame, there should be consequences for those who did not do their jobs. </span></p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"You've got power and politics and sex and open questions, and conspiracy theorists are going to run with this no matter what, but it's important for all of us who are not looking for conspiracies to understand what happened," Levenson said. "I think it could put the credibility of the criminal justice system on the line, and that's so important."</span></p><p>On the civil side of the investigation, lawyers representing Epstein's accusers <a href="https://twitter.com/LisaBloom/status/1160197836387958784">have called for</a> the administrators of Epstein's estate to freeze and hold his assets, so that victims can receive compensation. </p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"It may result in more people wanting to come forward," Levenson said. "Or it just may be that they realize that there's an estate they can sue, and who knows what that estate will be? I don't know whether they'll fight all these claims, get the money on all these claims, that's a big question mark to come."</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></p><p>Since Epstein is dead, both Weinstein and Levenson said the current indictment against him will be dismissed, and Weinstein predicted the federal prosecution will meet with US District Judge Richard Berman within the next week to file a motion to dismiss it. The timeline for what could potentially include new criminal charges for co-conspirators, civil lawsuits, and investigations into Epstein's suicide is unclear.</p><p>Levenson suggested that it will take several months just to sort out potential additional accusers, evidence, and information. She said concrete legal action probably won't emerge for up to a year. </p><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"The interesting thing is how patient the public can be," Levenson said. "I don't know that they'll have all the answers overnight. There are a lot of people to talk to, a lot of things to find out, and in some ways it would be bad for them to rush out a conclusion and then have that picked apart as well. There's going to be a lot of pressure to investigate this very quickly, but the most important thing is that they be right."</span></p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-the-latest-jeffrey-epstein-news-from-finances-to-legal-2019-8" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Jeffrey Epstein died by apparent suicide in jail. Here's everything we know about the convicted sex offender's past, famous connections, and his court case.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-spreads-jeffrey-epstein-conspiracy-theory-about-clintons-2019-8" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Trump just spread a baseless conspiracy theory about Jeffrey Epstein's death</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/epstein-how-he-died-and-what-it-means-for-his-accusers-2019-8" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Jeffrey Epstein died in jail by apparent suicide. Here's what his death means for his accusers.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeffrey-epstein-apparent-suicide-raises-skepticism-conspiracy-theories-2019-8" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Skepticism and conspiracy theories abound after Jeffrey Epstein's apparent suicide in jail</a></li></ul><p class="tagline">If you or someone you know is struggling with depression or has had thoughts of harming themselves or taking their own life, get help. <a href="https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/">The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline</a> (1-800-273-8255) provides 24/7, free, confidential support for people in distress, as well as best practices for professionals and resources to aid in prevention and crisis situations.</p>

Former federal prosecutors explain where the Epstein investigation goes post apparent suicide and call conspiracy theories 'far-fetched'

<ul class="summary-list"><li><strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/billionaires-row">Billionaires' Row</a> in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/new-york-city">New York City</a> has become known for some of the most expensive <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/real-estate">real-estate</a> in the world, including the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/432-park">tallest residential building</a> in the world.</strong></li><li><strong>We looked inside a $28.5 million <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/luxury-apartments">luxury apartment</a>, in the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/one57">One57</a> tower that stands about 1,000 feet above West 57th Street. </strong></li><li><strong>Before the building opened in 2014, this wasn't much of a residential street. West 57th Street was known for Carnegie Hall, tourists, and delis.</strong></li><li><strong>Star real-estate broker of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/million-dollar-listing">"Million Dollar Listing"</a> fame, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/ryan-serhant">Ryan Serhant</a> explained w</strong><strong>hat's behind the scenes of outrageously priced real-estate. </strong></li></ul><p><em>The following is a transcript of the video</em></p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> A couple months ago, I was scrolling through YouTube and saw this video of an apartment on Billionaires' Row in New York City. It's on the 41 st floor of this ultra-luxurious tower called One57. Sitting right off West 57 th Street with views of Central Park, it's listed at a whopping $28.5 million.</p><p>It's hard to comprehend why it's so expensive and if there's even a market for it. So I reached out to the realtor, Ryan Serhant, hoping he could help me unpack the world of Billionaires' Row. You may recognize Ryan from Bravo's "Million Dollar Listing." And he invited me uptown to check out On e57 for myself. Ready, we're going there.</p><p>One57 towers almost a thousand feet above West 57 th Street. But before the building opened in 2014, this wasn't really a residential street. It was known for Carnegie Hall, tourists, and delis. But One57 put West 57th Street on the map, breaking records for listing prices and coining the street Billionaires' Row. The first 27 floors of One57 are reserved for the five-star Park Hyatt hotel, but the next 48 are residential.</p><p>Walking in, I was actually pretty surprised by how homey it felt. Yeah, the lobby was classy, but there was this familiar and casual buzz of people just living their normal lives, and that was really nice. We took the elevator to the 41 st floor and met Ryan at apartment 41D. Ryan</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> Hello. Welcome to One57.</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> Right away, it's gorgeous. 12-foot ceilings, exquisite decor, and that new building smell. But it's those views that obviously add to the price tag.</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> This unit that we're in right now, 41D, is a duplex. It's got five bedrooms, five and a half bathrooms, and it has an outdoor covered garden.</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> Apparently, that outdoor garden, or the solarium, is a rare architectural feature.</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> The building kinda curves as it goes up. It keeps stepping back, you create these rooms. So you can sit here, you can get a tan, for the 41st floor on Billionaires' Row. It's totally crazy.</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> Just off the solarium, there's a private terrace, and it's one of just two apartments in the building with an outdoor space. After the views and solarium, the duplex layout of the apartment keeps the price tag ticking up. The second floor has four bedrooms, including the master suite, with arguably better views than the floor below. The en suite master bathroom is made completely of marble, imported from Italy, of course. You've got a walk-in shower, free-standing tub, and two toilets, you know, just in case. Back downstairs, the massive eat-in kitchen had a couple hidden features.</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> Like this looks like it might be cabinetry, but it blends in. These are actually your bar stools.</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> Around every corner, there was some new design element. A fluffy chair, a perfectly sized rug, that optimized the space. It made for this relaxed, luxurious vibe. And, of course, none of that was by accident.</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> And even if the buyer has $30 million to spend, you'd be amazed at how unimaginative they can be. So, we have to show them. And everyone we've shown this apartment to would take it fully furnished, 'cause they just love it.</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> Buyers can choose to keep all of the staged furnishings, and thank goodness, the price tag includes the furniture. But what's a billion-dollar building without amenities to match? On the 31 st floor, residents get a giant amenities space all to themselves. There's a billiards room, screening room, gym, and a pool, with music piped in from Carnegie Hall across the street. But the never-ending climbing wall was definitely my personal favorite. This isn't what I anticipated doing today.</p><p>Since its construction, One57 has pushed up real estate prices across the neighborhood. From 57th Street to 59th Street between Park Avenue and Broadway, median sale prices rose 64.3% from 2010 to 2018. Compare that to the median sale price in Manhattan as a whole, which increased just 25.7% in the same amount of time.</p><p>Historically, if you had money and influence in New York, you bought property in Central Park West, in one of those classic limestone buildings with views of the park. But the problem for modern developers was those buildings couldn't be torn down or built higher. But on West 57th Street, developers could go tall. Super tall. In 2010, developer Extell started construction on a project that was pretty outlandish at the time. In the midst of a real estate downturn, they broke ground on a nearly thousand foot mega tower on West 57th Street. Overlooking Central Park, One57 would completely alter the skyline.</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> What no one really knew when this building first came up was, are the views of Central Park gonna be so important that someone would be willing to live on 57th Street, which is a really, really, really busy street? The answer was "yes."</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> The penthouse apartment of One57 sold in 2014 for a staggering $100.5 million. Bought by Michael Dell, it broke the record for the most expensive home in New York City and solidified the street as Billionaires' Row. And if you look up and down West 57th Street today, mega luxury tower construction isn't slowing.</p><p>220 Central Park South, Central Park Tower, and Steinway Tower are all new developments on 57th Street that tower over the skyline. These buildings are pushing the boundaries of height, luxury, and price, but not everyone is excited about it. In addition to the altered skyline, some real estate experts worry the market's been tapped out. Manhattan home sales dipped by 14% in 2018, and 57th Street's newest construction, Central Park Tower, has dropped prices.</p><p>Experts warn these could be signs of an oversupply of luxury apartments without a demand to match. But Ryan doesn't seem to be worried. 41D at One57 has only been on the market for a year, which isn't a long time for million dollar listings And for the world's billionaires Ryan says, it's more affordable than towers down the street.</p><p><strong>Serhant:</strong> I think to the rest of the world, $28.5 million probably seems like a lot of money, and it definitely is, don't get me wrong. It's the world that we live in. I mean, New York City, 57th Street, park-facing apartments, the realm of reality that we find ourselves in every day, is that people are willing to spend $100 million for less bedrooms than what we're offering on this floor. It's crazy.</p><p><strong>Narrator:</strong> Personally, that kinda price tag is unfathomable, but the people buying an apartment here aren't just looking for a place to live. They're purchasing a stake in some of the most expensive real estate in the world and buying into the brand of Billionaires' Row.</p>

Take a look inside a $28.5 million NYC apartment on Billionaires' Row

<p>In 1784, the Bank of New York became the first bank to open its doors in New York City. Since then, countless banks have come and gone, leaving a trail of history behind.</p>
<p>With the help of the <a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/search/index?filters%5Btitle_uuid_s%5D%5B%5D=Stereoscopic%20views%20of%20banks%20and%20financial%20institutions%20in%20New%20York%20City%7C%7Cbe7520f0-c557-012f-449d-58d385a7bc34&amp;keywords=&amp;layout=false#/?scroll=6">New York Public Library's Digital Archives</a>, we compiled some stereo photos of New York's beautiful old banks. Some of these buildings are still in use, while others are long defunct or demolished.</p>
<h3>UNION DIME SAVINGS BANK: The founders chose the name Union Dime Savings Bank because they wanted to remind people that "dimes saved increase to dollars." It was also the first financial institution with the word "dime" in its name.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>New York Public Library</span></p></div><p></p></div>DRY DOCK SAVINGS BANK: This bank was constructed on Bowery and East 3rd Street, but it was eventually knocked down despite its beauty.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18a2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div>GERMAN SAVINGS BANK: This bank was founded by German-Americans in New York, one of whom was the famous businessman William Steinway. The bank continues to operate under the name Apple Bank for Savings.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18a4-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div>NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE: Around when this photo was taken in the late 1800s, the Stock Exchange had just moved to this new building at 10-12 Broad Street. In 1903, it moved to a larger trading floor at 18 Broad Street, which is still in use today.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18ae-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div>NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE: The cotton exchange previously traded futures and options on items such as cotton, potatoes, and frozen orange juice. The exchange merged with the Coffee, Sugar, and Cocoa Exchange in 2004, forming the New York Board of Trade.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18b8-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div>NEW YORK BANK FOR SAVINGS (BLEECKER STREET): This bank was charted in 1819 and was New York's oldest savings bank. It later moved to 280 Park Avenue South, and changed its name to Goldome Bank for Savings after merging with Buffalo Savings Bank in 1982. Goldome Bank is now closed as well.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18c0-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>MERCHANT'S EXCHANGE: The Merchant's Exchange burned down in the Great Fire of 1835, and a bigger and better building was created at 55 Wall Street.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18c8-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div>NEW YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE: The New York Produce Exchange was the site of the world's largest volume of grain and provisions trading, with 2,140 members representing all major shipping centers in the country.<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-18ca-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">New York Public Library</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></h3>

The Beautiful, Ornate Bank Buildings Of Old New York

<br />
There is backpacker’s travel, there is budget travel, there is business class travel, and then there is this. Tucked neatly away from our eyes is a travel segment meant specifically for the super-rich. Here, no bidding is off limits and no desire too silly. This is where the CEOs hang out and top Wall Street brokers gossip. It is the place where business deals are finalized over the costliest Champagne money can buy, and these people spend more moolah on a week long vacation than most of us can ever dream to earn in our lifetimes.<br />
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Business Insider India offers a sneak peek into the travel choices of the mega-rich and the hotel rooms they splurge on when on that vacation:<br />
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<strong>1. </strong><strong>The Royal Penthouse Suite at the Hotel President Wilson in Geneva, Switzerland ($68,000) </strong><br />
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Image credit: Nomorefunny<br />
The most expensive hotel in the world has played host to Bill Gates and Michael Douglas. It offers unparalleled privacy with its private elevator, gym, and pool table. It also offers a a panoramic view of Lake Geneva, a Steinway Grand Piano and maximum security to ensure your family is safe.<br />
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<strong>2. </strong><strong>The Ty Warner Penthouse at the Four Seasons in New York ($50,000++) </strong><br />
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Image credit: Fastlifeluxury<br />
The Ty Warner Suite at the Four Seasons offers a 360 view of the iconic city. This one took 7 years and $50 million to build. It boasts of its own art collection and library.<br />
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<strong>3. </strong><strong>The Shahi Mahal Suite at the Raj Palace Hotel in Jaipur, India ($45,000)</strong><br />
<br />
Image credit: Luxatic<br />
The only Indian entrant in the list stands tall at the second rank with a hefty price tag of $45k per night. It boasts of 6 bedrooms, a library, a private theater and a private kitchen staff to take care of all your culinary wishes.<br />
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<strong>4. </strong><strong>The Sky Villa at the Palms Resort in Las Vegas ($40,000)</strong><br />
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Image credit: Interesting-hotel<br />
What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas, but burns a hole in your pocket if they’re not deep enough. The Sky Villa offers amazing views of the Las Vegas strip and has a private glass elevator, a glass spa jutting out over the balcony, 24-hour butler service and a dry sauna.<br />
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<strong>5. </strong><strong>The Hilltop Estate Owner’s Accommodation at the Laucala Island Resort in Fiji ($40,000)</strong><br />
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Image credit: Joetheexplorer<br />
This island has 25 villas, but this is undoubtedly the best. It boasts of panoramic views of the island, horse rides, free massages. You would also have a private nanny, a chauffeur and a private Chef.<br />
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<strong>6. </strong><strong>The Penthouse Suite at the Grand Hyatt Cannes Hôtel ($37,500)</strong><br />
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The two bedroom Penthouse Suite offers breathtaking views of the Bay of Cannes. This one markets itself with amenities like “windows that open”, “a bathrobe” and “wireless internet”. However, it’s the fourth most expensive hotel room in the world.<br />
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<strong>7. </strong><strong>The Royal Villa at the Grand Resort Lagonissi in Athens ($35,000)</strong><br />
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Image credit: Triumphant10<br />
This one boasts of playing host to the likes of Mel Gibson and Leonardo DiCaprio. It features two master bedrooms, each with marble bathrooms with their own steam baths, and separate quarters for your butler. You also have a private deck, a heated pool and a private massage area.<br />
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<strong>8. </strong><strong>The Royal Suite at St. Regis Saadiyat Island, in the United Arab Emirates ($35,000)</strong><br />
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Image credit: Arabiannetwork<br />
The Royal Suite at St. Regis is the largest in the UAE. The master bedroom covers most of the suite and overlooks the ocean.<br />
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<strong>9. </strong><strong>The St. Regis Villa at St. Regis Mauritius ($30,000)</strong><br />
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Image credit: Matadornetwork<br />
The St. Regis Villa on Mauritius is the largest villa on the island. For that kind of price you get a private chef, a lounge, a bar, a Jacuzzi and so on. There is also a mention of “discreetly addressing guests’ needs.” *ahem ahem*.<br />
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<strong>10. </strong><strong>The Royal Suite at the Hôtel Plaza Athénée in Paris ($27,000)</strong><br />
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Image credit: Dorchestercollection<br />
This one is the largest hotel room in Paris, and also one of the costliest. The suite comes fitted with televisions concealed behind mirrors and the embroidery is done with gold thread.<br />
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Image credit: luxuryaccommodationsblog<br />
P.S: The figures provided are widely available industry estimates.<br />

Top 10 costliest hotels around the world

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>While watching "House of Cards," which brands do you notice the most?</p><p>Claire Underwood (Robin Wright) can usually be spotted on her Apple iPhone. Remy Denton (Mahershala Ali) is usually around a Buick. Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey) is always wearing his IWC watch.</p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">A total of 105 different brands appear in season 3 of "House of Cards." </span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">That may sound like a lot; however, its actually a decline from the 129 brands and the 134 brands that appear in seasons one and two, respectively, of the Netflix political series.</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="http://concavebt.com/">Concave</a>, a market research company that tracks and analyzes brand presence in entertainment content including TV shows and film, </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">tracked the branded companies in all three seasons of the show.</span></p><p>Concave provided Business Insider with a list of all the brands they found in "House of Cards."</p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here are the top 10 featured in season 3:</span></p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">Apple<br>IWC<br>Chevrolet<br>Washington Nationals<br>Avaya<br>Cartier<br>Nokia<br>Samsung<br>Blackberry<br>Dell</br></br></br></br></br></br></br></br></br></p><p>Below, you can see the top 20 brands across all three seasons:</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The list of most visible brands across seasons, differs slightly. Samsung moves up the list while CNN and NBC also appear in the top 10.</span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here are </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">the top five brands used by the different characters in the show.</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">As noted in the slide above, Apple is among the top five brands of four actors while Samsung is associated in the top five brands for seven actors. </span></p><p>Nokia, Dell, and Samsung are brands used by secondary characters including Heather Dunbar (Elizabeth Marvel) and Seth Grayson (Derek Cecil).</p><p>How long are you seeing all of these brands on screen?</p><p>According to Concave, there are nearly four hours of brands visible in season three. That's more screen time than in season one, but less than season two. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">However, you probably wouldn't notice most of the brands.</span></p><p>Under 10% of the brands seen on screen across each season are close-ups. Most of the brand time on screen is in subtle, discreet, or background appearances.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here's the difference in how Concave discerns the different categories of visibility.</span></p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The brands you'll most likely recognize are the ones with close-up or obvious appearances. In season 3, those are Apple, Louboutin, Samsung, and Dell.</span></p><p>While Apple may be the brand with the overall most visibility across seasons, as Concave notes, 24% of Samsung's screen time is in the form of close-ups.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Below is the full list of 105 brands seen in season three. </span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">How many did you spot?</span></p><table style="width: 180px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> </col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td width="180" height="14">Apple</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Samsung</td></tr><tr><td height="14">IWC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Avaya</td></tr><tr><td height="14">CNN</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Chevrolet</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Dell</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nokia</td></tr><tr><td height="14">NBC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Colbert Report</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Moscot</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Meredith Vieira Show</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Acer</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Meet the Press with Chuck Todd</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Cartier</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Cadillac</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Secure Terminal Equipement</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Dodge</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Cycle</td></tr><tr><td height="14">MSNBC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Toshiba</td></tr><tr><td height="14">ABC</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Office Depot</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Breitling</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nikon</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Rolex</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Blackberry</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Steinway &amp; Sons</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Granola</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Washington Nationals</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Lead</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Al Jazeera</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Canon</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Ford</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Sony</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Underwood</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Diet Coke</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Under Armour</td></tr><tr><td height="14">LG</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Coca-Cola</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Mazda</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Welloby's</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Harley-Davidson</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Skin Plus</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Golden</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Budweiser</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Buick</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Bud Light</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Monument Valley</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Fiji</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Precor</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Ray Ban</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Whole Foods</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Yves Saint Laurent</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Dishmate</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Scotch</td></tr><tr><td height="14">AT&amp;T</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Alfex</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Life Fitness</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Rubik's Cube</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Sprite</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Chia Pod</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Stella Artois</td></tr><tr><td height="14">HemoFlow</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Thunderpower</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Cortelco</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Louboutin</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Xybenetrin</td></tr><tr><td height="14">TCS</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Buspirone</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nike</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Asics</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Saucony</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Swiss Army</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Boeing</td></tr><tr><td height="14">WaterRower</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Stonyfield</td></tr><tr><td height="14">So Delicious Dairy Free</td></tr><tr><td height="14">365 Organic</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Burberry</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Smartwater</td></tr><tr><td height="14">NBC Nightly News</td></tr><tr><td height="14">The Big Bang Theory</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Fanta</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Mother Jones</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Get Reddi</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Heinz</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Oakley</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nocciola</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Honda</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Shock Top</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Banker's Box</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Philips</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Coltec</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Popchips</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Bad Girls Club</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Sons of Anarchy</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Premium Bananas</td></tr><tr><td height="14">United States Postal Service</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Tropicana</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Nail'd It</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Wen Hair</td></tr><tr><td height="14">My Crazy Love</td></tr><tr><td height="14">Tosh.0</td></tr><tr><td height="14">San Pellegrino</td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can view the full study from Concave <a href="http://concavebt.com/apple-still-number-1-brand-house-cards-3rd-season/">here</a>.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/house-of-cards-season-3-trailer-netflix-kevin-spacey-2015-2">The new trailer for Season 3 of 'House of Cards' is terrifying</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Q4d29qczqxlbbBjCazk9bGZj4tHG_OHE" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Here are all the brands that appear in 'House of Cards' season 3

<p><span class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><span><span data-post-image="" class="image on-image"></span><p></p></span></span>For one of the most powerful cities in the world, we sure could've picked a better location.</p>
<p>New York City&#xa0;<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">is poised to bear the brunt of climate change's effects - from rising seas to shifting temperatures - over the next five decades, and signs of the coming scenario are already beginning to appear across the state.</span></p>
<p>Hurricane Sandy, which struck without mercy, was our first warning.&#xa0;</p>
<p>Climate change will make&#xa0;<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059574/abstract">storms like Sandy far more common and more intense</a>.&#xa0;As the earth heats up, more water vapor - the fuel for storms - enters the atmosphere.<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">&#xa0;This combination of <a href="http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/future.html#Precipitation">increased storms</a>, <a href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/summer-temperatures-co2-emissions-1001-cities-16583">more extreme temperatures</a>, and <a href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/45202.html">rising sea levels</a> will put</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">&#xa0;many of New York City's most prized resources - from its beachfront property to sizable chunks of its subway system and its local food scene - at risk.</span></p>
<p>Here's a glimpse of what you should enjoy before it's too late.</p>
<h2>1. Waterfront Homes And Beaches</h2>
<p><span class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><span><span data-post-image="" class="image on-image"></span><p></p></span></span></p>
<p>As oceans get warmer and northern sea ice begins to melt, sea levels will rise, increasing the frequency of floods. Eventually, <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059574/abstract">entire sections of New York City will be permanently submerged</a>.</p>
<p>Sizable chunks of lower Manhattan and the majority of waterfront property in Brooklyn and the Rockaways - a total of up to 250 miles of coastline - will flood; much of it will be completely destroyed. Many of these areas are also home to some of the city's fastest-growing neighborhoods, like Long Island City, Queens, and Boerum Hill, Brooklyn.</p>
<p>Beaches in those areas will also, quite literally, be washed away. In their 2014 hazard mitigation plan, New York City <a href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/oem/downloads/pdf/hazard_mitigation/section_3e_coastal_erosion_hazard_analysis.pdf%20">planners write</a>&#xa0;that&#xa0;"long-term coastal erosion is 100% probable" for Coney Island, Brooklyn, the Rockaways, Queens, and South Shore, Staten Island.</p>
<h2>2. North America's Largest Public Transit System</h2>
<p><span class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><span><span data-post-image="" class="image on-image"></span><p></p></span></span></p>
<p>After Hurricane Sandy struck, the MTA was able to rescue the subway from the brunt of the damage. In just a few weeks of intense pumping, drying, and reconstruction, several flooded stations were up and running again. Years later, only a few stations carry the scars of the storm's devastation.</p>
<p>But flood waters from the next storm <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-will-ruin-the-nyc-subway-2014-12">could overwhelm the same subway stations flooded during Sandy</a> (all five tunnels between lower Manhattan and Brooklyn and the Steinway Tube between Midtown and Queens flooded), <a href="http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/FloodMitigationWorkBeginsat7DowntownStations.htm">despite the MTA's planning efforts</a>. An <a href="http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Publications/Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports/Environmental-Reports/EMEP-Publications/Response-to-Climate-Change-in-New-York.aspx">additional 14 stations</a> near the Harlem and East Rivers are also at risk.</p>
<h2>3. Farmer's Markets</h2>
<p><span class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><span><span data-post-image="" class="image on-image"></span><p></p></span></span></p>
<p>Say goodbye to your local farmer's market.</p>
<p>Shifting&#xa0;<a href="http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/climaid">temperatures will make Northeastern dairy farms unsuitable for cows</a>. Apple orchards will find they can't produce enough of the fruit to turn a profit;&#xa0;<a href="http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Cleantech-and-Innovation/Environment/Environmental-Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports/Response-to-Climate-Change-in-New-York.aspx">Macintosh and Empire apples will disappear from farmer's market shelves by 2100</a>.&#xa0;</p>
<p>In warmer waters, <a href="http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Cleantech-and-Innovation/Environment/Environmental-Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports/Response-to-Climate-Change-in-New-York.aspx">local populations of salmon</a>&#xa0;(which, when made into lox, graces every good New Yorker's Sunday bagel and schmear) will migrate north. <span>Native brook trout will disappear from New York waters, too. Bass might come to the area in their place, as the species loves warmer water.</span></p>
<h2>4. Hiking And Camping</h2>
<p><span class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><span><span data-post-image="" class="image on-image"></span><p></p></span></span></p>
<p>Love hiking, fishing, or camping in the Adirondacks or the Catskills? Better enjoy them now.</p>
<p>None of the plants or animals native to these <a href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/309.html">16 million acres of gorgeous spruce-fir forests</a> will survive in a climate just five degrees warmer. Scientists estimate both forests will begin to die out <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/17/nyregion/climate-change-to-affect-new-york-state-in-many-ways-study-says.html">as soon as 2050</a>.</p>
<h2>5. The Coffee Scene</h2>
<p><span class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><span><span data-post-image="" class="image on-image"></span><p></p></span></span></p>
<p>New Yorkers drink <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/infographic-new-yorkers-drink-seven-times-more-coffee-than-everyone-else-2012-5">7 more times more coffee than people in any other American city</a>. But most of that java comes from places around the globe where warming temperatures and altered weather patterns are killing the precious crop. A combination of <a href="http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/CoffeeRust.aspx">coffee rust</a>, a fungal infection that attacks the leaves of the coffee plant, and invasive species like the <a href="http://mauiinvasive.org/2013/11/15/tiny-beetle-bores-down-on-hawaii-coffee-industry/">coffee berry borer</a> are slowly destroying coffee plantations across the globe.</p>
<p>A <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0047981">recent study in the journal PLOS One</a> found that the number of coffee-growing regions in Africa (where a mix of the right temperature, altitude, and soil moisture allow the plant to be grown in bulk) could be reduced by somewhere between 65% and 100% in the next 7 decades.</p>

5 Awesome Things About New York That Will Be Ruined By Climate Change

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/">Flickr/wallyg</a></span></p><p class="caption">1 W. 72nd Street has a famously choosy co-op board and fascinating history.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1">The late 19th Century Dakota building is one of Manhattan's most mysterious and exclusive residences.  </span></p><p class="p1">Stories of ghost sightings have loomed around the building - l<span>ocated at 72nd Street and Central Park West - </span>for years. </p><p class="p1">But even more intimidating than its haunted rumors is the Gothic-style building's picky co-op board, which has made a sport of rejecting rich and famous applicants. </p><p class="p1">Here are the 15 most fascinating facts about The Dakota, from past to present.</p><h3 class="p2">John Lennon was shot dead in front of The Dakota by a crazed fan.<br /><span class="s1"></span></h3><p class="p2">On December 8, 1980 Lennon was <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/john-lennon-9379045#tragic-death" target="_blank">assassinated by <span>Mark David Chapman</span></a> outside of The Dakota. He died at Roosevelt Hospital at the age of 40 after releasing his new album, "Double Fantasy." </p><h3 class="p2">Yoko Ono still lives in The Dakota and says she saw Lennon's ghost there. <br /><span class="s1"></span></h3><p class="p1">Ono and late husband Lennon moved into The Dakota in 1973. Ono stayed in the building after Lennon's death and, according to the New York Post's Page Six, saw her husband's ghost sitting at his white piano. She says he told her, <span>"Don't be afraid. I am still with you."</span></p><h3 class="p1">When he was alive, Lennon told Ono that he saw a "crying lady ghost" in the building. </h3><p class="p1">The Beatles musician told his wife he'd seen the ghost roaming the halls. </p><h3 class="p2">The building has no fire escapes.<br /><span class="s1"></span></h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Architect Henry J. Hardenbergh purposely avoided fire escapes by slathering mud from Central Park between the layers of brick flooring to fireproof and soundproof the building. </span></p><h3 class="p2">Tenants are "forbidden" to throw away original doors and fireplace mantels.<br /><span class="s1"></span></h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">If tenants want to rid apartments of these items, there is a special storage area. </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></p><p class="caption">The Dakota, circa 1890.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><h3 class="p2">The original owner's former apartment has sterling silver floors.</h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Singer Sewing Machine Company founder Edward Clark commissioned The Dakota as a $1 million apartment building for 60 families, including his own. Unfortunately, Clark died in 1882, two years before the building was completed. </span></p><h3 class="p2">According to legend, it gets its name from its far-west location. </h3><p>The building was situated so far West, people liked to joke that it might as well have been built in the Dakotas. </p><h3>It's been a magnet for the rich and famous since it opened in 1884. </h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">The building was reportedly fully rented before it even opened, thanks to a glowing New York Times review. Piano family the Steinways were one of The Dakota's first residents; although he died in 1883 Peter <span>Tchaikovsky is said to have lived there (perhaps he lived in it before its completion); and </span></span><span class="s1">actress Lauren Bacall owned a nine-room apartment for 53 years that recently sold for $23.5 million. </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Other notable residents include author Harlan Coben, U2's </span><span class="s1">Bono, Rex Reed, Jack Palance, Lillian Gish, Boris Karloff, Rosemary Clooney, </span><span class="s1">Connie Chung, and </span><span class="s1">Maury Povich.</span></p><h3 class="p2">The building had zero vacancies for 45 years after it opened. <br /><span class="s1"></span></h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">From 1884 to 1929, all 65 of The Dakota's apartments - each with a <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/realestate/30scap.html?_r=0">reported</a> four bathrooms, a parlor, and servant quarters - remained spoken for. </span></p><p class="p1"><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></p><p class="caption">Interior courtyards, a 24-hour white-glove doorman, and spacious apartments are only a few luxuries enjoyed by Dakota residents.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><h3 class="p1"><span class="s1">The current application process is insane. </span></h3><p><span class="s1"></span><span class="s1">Hopefuls must submit years of financial statements and tax documents, go through a background check, and pay a fee of over $1,000. After completing the rigorous application process, the co-op board can still deny applicants. </span></p><p class="p1">Back in 2011, the co-op board was <a href="racial discrimination and defamation" target="_blank">accused of bias</a> and sued by a former board member who lived in The Dakota for <span>racial discrimination and defamation. </span></p><h3 class="p2">Celebrities don't get special treatment. <span class="s1"></span></h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Notable celebrities that have been rejected by The Dakota co-op board include Melanie Griffith and Antonio Banderas, Cher, Billy Joel, Madonna, Carly Simon, Alex Rodriguez, Judd Apatow, and Tea Leoni.</span></p><h3 class="p2">One particularly odd 10-room apartment has been for sale for eight years. </h3><p><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-dakotas-apartment-46-lists-again-for-14-point-5-million-2015-7" target="_blank">Apartment 26</a> has been on and off the market for the last eight years, dropping from a $19.5 million asking price to a recent $14.5 million. </p><h3><span class="s1">It's rumored that $30,000 is buried under the floor of Lennon and Ono's apartment.</span></h3><p>According to author Stephen Birmingham's 1996 book, "Life at the Dakota," the previous resident of John and Yoko's apartment hid the money under the master bedroom floor. Whether or not that's true will remain a question, as the board refuses to destroy the floor to solve the mystery. </p><p class="p2"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Flickr/Joey Lax-Salinas</span></p><p class="caption">Original gas lamps hang by the 20-foot high front entrance with a porte cochère.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h3 class="p1"><span class="s1">Its boilers could can heat every structure in a four-block radius. </span></h3><p>The Dakota has an in-house power plant so its residents will never have to shiver. </p><h3 class="p1"><span class="s1">Leonard Bernstein's former apartment was the building's most expensive sale.</span></h3><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Located on the second floor, the four bedroom, four bathroom apartment had a library, formal dining room, kitchen and breakfast area, wood fireplace, and views of Central park. It was listed at $25.5 million and sold for $21 million.</span></p><h3 class="p1"> </h3><p> </p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/etihad-airways-new-luxury-planes-2014-12">These New Luxury Planes Feature $20,000 'Mini Apartments' With A Private Bathroom And A Butler</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="ZpODFqcjq6cO9amp36jD8GwyA-4A4vwm" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Welcome to The Dakota, New York's most exclusive building haunted by ghosts, murder, and a crazy co-op board

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>It carries nearly <a href="http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm">8.5 million people</a> across America's densest city each day. If its tracks were laid out in a single line, it would stretch all the way <a href="http://www.wnyc.org/story/286432-new-yorks-lost-subways-complete-with-map-and-dusty-pics/">from Manhattan to Chicago</a>. Its 500 stations and 6,000 trains are together <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/24/nyregion/mta-told-it-must-focus-on-repairs-not-growth.html">worth more than $32 billion</a>.</p>
<p>It's the New York City subway, North America's <a href="http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2013-q4-ridership-APTA.pdf">biggest public transit network</a>. And it is at risk of total failure.</p>
<p>A <a href="http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Publications/Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports/Environmental-Reports/EMEP-Publications/Response-to-Climate-Change-in-New-York.aspx">massive report issued back in 2011</a> accurately predicted which of the city's subway stations would fail when Sandy hit. In the future, these kinds of <a href="http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/future.html">intense storms are expected to make landfall every 1 to 4 years rather than hitting us every 100 years</a>.</p>
<p>But storms aren't the only issue highlighted in the report, based on climate models it shows the potential damage of rising seas, warmer summers, and colder winters.</p>
<p>And it looks more and more like a doomsday scenario.</p>
<h2>Flooding</h2>
<p>Global warming is making dangerous storms like Hurricane Sandy, which threaten to overwhelm the subway system with flooding, more intense and more frequent.</p>
<p>Many existing subway tunnels in lower Manhattan, the report says, can flood completely in just 40 minutes if waters rise to the levels seen during Sandy. Pumping that water out takes at least a week per station and it's only the first step to recovering our transit system.</p>
<p>The MTA was able to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-how-nycs-subway-system-has-come-back-from-hurricane-sandy-2013-10">rescue the subway from the brunt of Sandy's damage</a>. In just a few weeks of intense pumping, drying, and reconstruction, <a href="http://web.mta.info/sandy/timeline.htm">several flooded stations were up and running again</a>. Years later, only a few stations <a href="http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/RestoringSouthFerryStation.htm">carry the scars of the storm's devastation</a>. We're pretty much back to business-as-usual.</p>
<p>But not quite.</p>
<p>Flood waters from the next storm will certainly overwhelm the subway stations flooded during Sandy (all five tunnels between lower Manhattan and Brooklyn and the Steinway Tube between Midtown and Queens flooded), but a total of <a href="http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Publications/Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports/Environmental-Reports/EMEP-Publications/Response-to-Climate-Change-in-New-York.aspx">14 more stations near the Harlem and East Rivers are also at risk</a>.</p>
<p>Draining those corridors will take time - about a week per tunnel, according to the report. Aside from draining the tunnels, though, there's another problem: all that salty water doesn't play well with 20th-century steel and cast iron.</p>
<h2>Storms And Salt</h2>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Storms like Sandy <a href="http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/estuaries08_natdisturb.html">stir up the salty water in oceans and estuaries</a> and carry it to shore. There, the sea salt mixes with the salt already on the ground - about <a href="http://www.caryinstitute.org/sites/default/files/public/reprints/report_road_salt_2010.pdf">a million tons are used each year</a> to de-ice snowy New York streets - and begins eating away at the metal and iron underground. Bigger winter storms and plunging temperatures form a disturbed polar vortex could make this problem worse. </p>
<p>"Our subway system and salt water do not mix," MTA chairman Joseph Lhota recently <a href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204840504578087113950736132?mg=reno64-wsj&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052970204840504578087113950736132.html">told the Wall Street Journal</a>.</p>
<p>Salt is a relentless foe - it <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Restoring-Ecological-Science-Practice-Restoration/dp/1597265721">degrades motors and metal fasteners</a>, eats away at the relays that run the subway's signal system, and conducts electricity, potentially barring train conductors from communicating - something they need to do to prevent smashing into one another.</p>
<p>Worse still, salt's chemical composition makes it react with iron, steel, and concrete - all of the components of the subway system. When it does that, it also changes their chemical makeup, <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14356007.b01_08/abstract;jsessionid=DC2F779C681C320AE744EF7713591ABD.f03t04">reducing solid black iron into crumbly brown rust</a>, for example.</p>
<p>Many of these damaged parts will need to be replaced. But since the city's first subway lines opened back in 1904, many of those parts no longer exist. As a result, construction crews will have to completely redesign entire portions of the subway system, a task that will likely be as costly as it is daunting.</p>
<h2>Extreme Heat</h2>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>As temperatures rise, <a href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/summer-temperatures-co2-emissions-1001-cities-16583">summers will heat up</a>. July in Brooklyn will feel like August in Miami. All that heat won't just hurt people - it could cripple the metal and iron equipment that keeps the trains running.</p>
<p>Summers already turn New York's subway platforms into sweltering, foul-smelling caverns of misery. As these months get hotter as a result of climate change, though, this temporary discomfort could become dangerous.</p>
<p>Hotter subway platforms could harm older people who are already at risk for heat stroke, which often strikes suddenly and can be deadly. Older people can't control their body temperature as well as they once could, <a href="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/elderlyheat.asp">anyone over age 65 should limit their exposure to extreme heat</a>, according to the CDC. Only <a href="http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2014/09/8551763/expert-panel-warn-dangerously-hot-subways">one subway platform in the entire New York City network is air-conditioned</a>: the 4, 5, 6 platform in Grand Central Station. And it barely functions.</p>
<p>Trains suffer from the heat too. A recent <a href="http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2014/09/8551763/expert-panel-warn-dangerously-hot-subways">panel convened by New York's governor Andrew Cuomo</a> found that higher temperatures can put extra stress on rail tracks, increasing the chances that they'll buckle. Buckling causes bends in the tracks which can slow trains.</p>
<h2>Rescuing New York's Transit System</h2>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Fixing the massive problems that climate change presents to the subway system will be a challenge.</p>
<p>But we have some great models to learn from.</p>
<p>In the Netherlands, engineers have designed a flood protection system that <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/feb/16/flooding-netherlands">combines a series of giant flood gates and several low-lying drainage canals to</a> hold back the sea from the city's densest communities, while letting some of the rising water spillover into certain areas designated for that purpose.</p>
<p>The Japanese have a massive, $3 billion <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/31/world/asia/japan-flood-tunnel/">water discharge system</a> that diverts floodwaters from Tokyo to a special facility, ensuring that heavy rains and high storm waters don't destroy the city's public transit network.</p>
<p>And in New York, a group of engineers has designed a plan to <a href="http://www.rebuildbydesign.org/project/big-team-final-proposal/">surround all of lower Manhattan with 10 miles of artificial embankments, gardens and sloping green hills</a> to protect the island from surging seas. The strategy would do little for the tunnels linking Manhattan to Brooklyn and the Bronx, however. Other potential rescue plans for the city include <a href="http://www.rebuildbydesign.org/project/hunts-point-lifelines/">combinations of flood barriers and sea walls</a> and attempts to use waterways for transit.</p>
<p>As far as heat goes, <a href="http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2014/09/8551763/expert-panel-warn-dangerously-hot-subways">Cuomo's transit experts say</a> lighter trains could help cool the system, because they produce less heat. Other options include adding screen doors to platforms to lock in air-conditioned air, and improving ventilation throughout the tunnels.</p>

There's A Huge Problem Threatening New York's Subway System, And No One's Talking About It

<div class="lead-introduction">
<div class="lead">
<p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Details</span></p></div><p></p></div><br /><em></em><strong><em>This post originally appeared on <a href="http://www.details.com?mbid=synd_bizinsider">Details.com</a>.<br /><br /></em></strong>Recreational vehicles (RVs) have</span> long lured adventurous souls, but the category also conjures up visions of aging snowbird retirees cruising in 1970s-era campers. The vibe can seem more camping-community than Burning Man bohemia. <br /><br />And yet, despite the jokes and comparisons to trailer homes, RVs are now being reimagined from the outside in-often at extraordinary cost. Some of these mobile mansions offer more creative amenities than your average Hamptons home: tanning beds, upright pianos, misting devices. Below, a look at what comes standard on $1 million RVs-and what you get for an extra mil or two.</p>
<h2><strong>The $1 Million RV<br /></strong></h2>
<h3><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Details</span></p></div><p></p></div><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Featherlite Coaches</span></p></div><p></p></div><a href="http://www.featherlitecoaches.com/inventory/details/521" target="_blank">2014 Featherlite Prevost X3-45 VIP Single Slide Executive Coach</a></h3>
<p>"Economy class" ($1,374,451 to be exact) never looked so good. Think of it as your own personal luxe spa and bar that burns rubber while your family and friends relax. Just imagine: You can watch your favorite road-trip movie on the eight Samsung LED LCD flat screens-plus two flat screens in the driver's area-pour yourself a drink with the electronic liquor-dispensing system, and then freshen up in the Scandvik Elka rain shower with integrated LED lighting in the ceiling-all while cruising on a Volvo D13 engine that hits 100+ mph. It gets around eight miles per gallon, but if you're doling out a million bucks for the thing, gas bills are probably not a priority.</p>
<p>Jimmy Adams, president of Featherlite Coaches, compares it to other forms of luxury corporate transportation. "When compared to private aircraft, this will literally take you door-to-door," he says. Plus, with the ability to use your phone and the Internet, as well as "flat-screen TVs and printer/scanner," your trip can be as productive or as laid-back as you like.</p>
<p>Look beyond the tinted windows and you might actually see Beyoncé, <a href="http://www.details.com/celebrities-entertainment/cover-stars/200703/justin-timberlake-is-the-king-of-pop-culture" target="_blank">Justin Timberlake</a>, the Kings of Leon, or even the U.S. Secret Service in a luxury RV. They've all gone to Joey and Trent Hemphill of <a href="http://hemphillbrothers.com/index.html" target="_blank">Hemphill Brothers</a> for luxury motorhomes-although they also decked out their rides with upright pianos, treadmills, tanning beds, recording studios, fireplaces, and mobile museums that go well beyond the million-dollar starter price.</p>
<p>Need designer-name interiors? No problem: There are iPad operating systems, custom-made Fabrica carpets and rugs, custom mattresses, and Kohler digital shower controls with more body-spray options than anyone really needs. As most celebs aren't doing their own driving, Hemphill Brothers can provide certified drivers in the U.S. and Canada, too.</p>
<h2><strong>The $2 Million RV</strong></h2>
<h3><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Details</span></p></div><p></p></div><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Featherlite Coaches</span></p></div><p></p></div></div><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"></span><a href="http://www.featherlitecoaches.com/inventory/details/555" target="_blank">Featherlite's Vantaré H3-45 S3 Celebration III</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> and </span><a href="http://gossrv.com/motorhomerentals-classARV-showcase.php" target="_blank">GossRV 2009 Prevost Marathon</a></h3>
<p>Double your budget and you get a ride like the ones that Ken Griffey,\ Jr., <a href="http://www.details.com/blogs/daily-details/2009/06/dave-matthews-bandbig-whiskey-and-the-groogrux-king.html" target="_blank">Dave Matthews Band</a>, and Brad Keselowski have rolled up in recently. It boasts heated hardwood and tile flooring, leather from the same tannery used for Ferrari interiors and Eames chairs, an enormous indoor 60-inch Samsung HDTV (with AppleTV, BluRay, HD DirecTV, and HD Broadcast TV), and a full pop-out patio with an ice machine, a fridge, a double-wide grill, a six-foot-long table, and a Samsung pivoting 42-inch LCD HDTV with surround sound. That'll be $2,362,577, plus $2,800 per year for insurance, not to mention gas money (6.5 to 7.5 miles per gallon).</p>
<p>You never know what a luxury-RV customer wants. The <a href="http://gossrv.com/motorhomerentals-classARV-showcase.php" target="_blank">GossRV 2009 Prevost Marathon</a>, another model filled to the gills with frills, includes a 210-gallon gas, 150 gallons of fresh-water storage (so you can camp out for days without heading back to civilization), and . . . bunk beds.</p>
<p>"Very few luxury RVs out there have bunk beds, especially with 1,000-threadcount sheets," explains Jer Goss, director of sales. "You also get these drop-down Sony 15-inch HD TVs. Believe it or not, that is the No.1 requested feature out of anything people could ask for, from families to guys going tailgating."</p>
<h2><strong>The $3 Million RV</strong><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></h2>
<h3><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Details</span></p></div><p></p></div><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Marchi</span></p></div><p></p></div></div><a href="http://www.marchi-mobile.com/en/world-of-elemment/luxury-rvs/" target="_blank">Marchi Mobile eleMMent Palazzo</a></h3>
<p>Move on up the ladder and you get a vehicle that looks as if it was inspired by the sets of <em>James Bond</em> and <em>Star Wars</em> movies. In fact, the exterior looks a little like a Stormtrooper uniform (see photo at top of page). Inside, you'll see Porsche leather, microsuede furnishings, a driver's seat with 270-degree views, and an embarrassment of riches: push a button and the sheltered jet gangway welcomes you aboard, or climb the stairs up to the Sky Lounge rooftop, where you can relax at the bar, turn up the Steinway Lyngdorf audio system, and flip on the misting device on hot summer nights. In park mode, you get up to 24 hours of electric power. Need more than that and you should just consider buying a hotel instead.</p>
<h2><strong>The Next-Gen RV</strong></h2>
<p>Kevin Broom, the director of media relations at the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (<a href="http://www.rvia.org/" target="_blank">RVIA</a>), predicts that the next generation of RVs will follow product trends we're already seeing: "I think we'll see use of more composites and eco-friendly building materials. I also anticipate seeing more RVs incorporate tablet PCs or mobile devices to give users quick and easy control of their HVAC and electronic systems."</p>
<p>Trent Hemphill, of Hemphill Brothers Coach Company, notes that we haven't seen a hybrid RV yet. "The system would be very complex, since the coaches require so much power to operate, but I know it can be done."</p>
<h2></h2>
<h2>More from Details:<span style="color: #222222; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"> </span></h2>
<p><a href="http://www.details.com/blogs/daily-details/2014/04/topless-suv-vintage-classic-cars.html?mbid=synd_bizinsider"><span>The 4 Hottest Roof-Optional Weekend Warrior Cars to Invest in Now</span></a></p>
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What $1 Million, $2 Million, And $3 Million Gets You In A Luxury RV

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source">Maps from Ancestry &amp; <keyword id="152087" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ethnicity">Ethnicity</keyword> in <keyword id="20819" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="America">America</keyword>, 2012, Grey House Publishing, Amenia, NY. Reprinted with permission.</p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p>It's time to break out the bratwurst as the United States celebrates German-American Day on Oct. 6.</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Commemorating the founding of Germantown, Penn. in 1683, the holiday celebrates America's largest ancestry group</span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">, with </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/largest-ethnic-groups-in-america-2013-8">49 million people claiming part or full German heritage</a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">.</span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidential-proclamation-german-american-day">As President Barack Obama proclaimed</a> a few years ago on this occasion, "<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Our citizens of German descent excel in every discipline and open our minds to the expanses of human possibility. When we drive across a suspension bridge, listen to music played on a Steinway piano, or send a child to kindergarten, their unique traditions and customs surround us."</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">So why are there so many German-Americans in the United States anyway?</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"></span><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">For some history, we turn to </span><a href="http://maxkade.iupui.edu/adams/cover.html">an English translation of The German-Americans: An Ethnic Experience</a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"> by Willi Paul Adams from the Max Kade German Center.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">A slow but steady stream of Germans immigrated to the U.S. starting in the 1680s, coming to represent 9% of the total population around the close of the 18th century. It all started with that fateful day in October:</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span>On October 6, 1683, thirteen Quaker families from Krefeld arrived in Philadelphia. From the outset, their settlement on the northern outskirts of Philadelphia was called Germantown. From then on, the tolerant Quaker colony of Pennsylvania served as a beachhead for the immigration of pietistic and other Protestant minorities, notably dissidents of the Reformed and Lutheran persuasion. When the first American census was taken in 1790, Pennsylvania's German population was put at 225,000 which amounts to a third of the state's entire population. If we further count those Germans who in the course of the 18th century settled in the English colonies of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia and South Carolina, especially those from the Palatinate, Baden and Wurttemberg, and include their children, then Americans of German origin were about 9% of the total population of the youthful United States around the close of the 18th century.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Immigration from <keyword id="87" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Germany">Germany</keyword> and other European states really picked up, however, in the early 19th century:</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">European mass immigration to the United States began in earnest only after the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815, at a time when unimpeded transatlantic commercial shipping resumed. Soon a first major wave of 20,000 emigrants from southwestern Germany took place, occasioned by major crop failures in the years 1816-17. The figures fell during the 1820s, but increased significantly in the 1830s. Since 1832, the areas of German emigrant origin shifted gradually to the West, later to the Northwest, and in the latter third of the century to the Northeast. Small farmers from the Southwest were followed by craftsmen and those engaged in the cottage industries, by day laborers and eventually by farm hands from Germany's Northeast. As time went by, immigrants from all regions of the German Empire arrived in the United States where, allegedly, German dialect barriers between Bavarians and East Prussians were occasionally overcome with the help of English.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The first peak of German immigration to North America came in the year 1854, when more than 220,000 arriving Germans were registered in American ports. </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Immigration declined because of World War I and the Great Depression, rising only after the fall of Nazi Germany:</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span>After World War I, the age of unlimited European immigration to the United States came to an end. Newly-enacted immigration quota laws for the years 1924 and 1929 limited immigrants from the "Weimar Republic" to only 25,957 per year. Because of the world-wide economic crisis of the 1930s, this quota was never lifted, not even to rescue Jewish refugees from Nazi terror. For the entire decade of the 1930s, therefore, the statistics show only 119,107 legal immigrants from the German Reich -- among them thousands of intellectuals, writers, artists, actors and musicians, making this a real "brain drain" for Germany. After World War II, generous exceptions were made for "Displaced Persons," German war brides and others who could no longer envision a future in Europe. This amounted to a considerable number of postwar emigrants and brought about another "brain drain" of highly qualified persons during the 1950s and 60s. During these two decades, 786,000 Germans crossed the Atlantic to find a better standard of living and to experience the professional advancement they could not achieve in the hidebound structure of West German science and industry, prior to the sweeping cultural liberalization of the late 1960s. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">And that's were all of the Germans come from (<a href="http://maxkade.iupui.edu/adams/cover.html">read more from this book at the Max Kade German Center</a>).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Why are there more Germans than Irish (numbering at 36 million)? For one thing, Germany is vastly more populous country. For another, </span><a href="http://www.ushistory.org/us/25f.asp">early German immigrants typically had more money</a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"> and were able to move out to the less-crowded Midwest where they could thrive, according to the Independence Hall Association of Pennsylvania.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">Today there is a German belt extending from eastern Pennsylvania to Oregon, and they're a good group of people too. Bloomberg describes data from the American Community Survey:</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">A majority of counties in Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas are predominantly German, and they make up a plurality of Ohio and Indiana counties.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Census figures show German-Americans are slightly older and better-educated than the general population, with one-third having a bachelor's degree or higher. More than 85 percent live in the same place as they did in 2009, and 40 percent are employed in management, business, science or the arts.</p>

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