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<ul><li>On 27 September, India’s central bank eased a liquidity coverage requirement imposed on banks and said it would provide all necessary funding support to the banking sector. </li><li>The <keyword id="30067" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="RBI">RBI</keyword> has raised the facility to avail funds for liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), which measures the amount of liquid assets held by banks against short-term <keyword id="44647" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="debt">debt</keyword>, from 11% to 13%. </li><li>This will allow banks to increase the weightage given to government securities when calculating their <keyword id="6493444" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Statutory-Liquidity-Ratio">statutory liquidity ratio</keyword> and free up deposits for their short-term funding needs. </li></ul>Following <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-main-financial-regulators-and-its-largest-bank-are-trying-to-calm-investors-amid-fears-of-a-liquidity-crisis/articleshow/65929921.cms">a promise </a>to investors that it would step in to prevent a liquidity crisis amongst Indian lenders as well as a subsequent <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/india-shadowlenders/finance-ministry-urges-rbi-to-take-steps-to-ease-liquidity-tackle-credit-crunch-idINKCN1M609Y">push</a> from India’s finance ministry, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) looks like its making good on its word, albeit at the cost of its mandate to manage risk. On 27 September, India’s central bank eased a requirement imposed on banks related to liquidity coverage and said it would provide all necessary funding support to the banking sector. The RBI raised the facility to avail funds for liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), which measures the amount of liquid assets held by banks against short-term debt, from 11% to 13%. This will allow banks to increase the weightage given to government securities, which is a liquid asset, when calculating their statutory liquidity ratio, which measures the amount of deposits invested in liquid assets. Hence, this will free up banks’ deposits so they can meet their funding needs in the short-term. And their funding needs are dire. Earlier this week, the liquidity deficit was estimated to be ₹1.4 trillion. However, In doing so, the RBI is effectively trading short-term benefits for longer-term pain. The current liquidity crisis stems from the aversion of institutional investors to buy the debt instruments of non-banking financial companies like IL&amp;FS, which is on the brink of default. By relaxing liquidity coverage requirements for banks, the RBI is allowing banks greater freedom in how they use their deposits and also letting them take on riskier short-term debt so a lot more money will enter the system, which will have an inflationary effect. In essence, domestic lenders are being allowed to use a greater percentage of their deposit-holders’ money to pay down their short-term debt obligations and extend credit to borrowers. In the event of a market downturn or a loss of faith in these banks, they could face a run on their deposits, which will be fatal given their lower risk buffer. The finance ministry has insisted that the RBI also relax reserve requirements for banks, under which banks set aside a certain portion of funds with the central bank. Earlier this week, the RBI took a page out of the European Central Bank’s playbook on <a href="https://www.ecb.europa.eu/explainers/show-me/html/app_infographic.en.html">“quantitative easing”</a> and said it would buy around <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/rbi-to-conduct-omo-to-infuse-liquidity/article25029705.ece">₹100 billion</a> worth of <keyword id="6370709" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Government-bonds">government bonds</keyword> from the open market to inject funds into the economy.

The Reserve Bank of India is trying to prevent a liquidity crisis at banks by relaxing an important risk requirement

As expected, the <keyword id="6354335" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="reserve-bank-of-india">Reserve Bank of India</keyword> (<keyword id="30067" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="RBI">RBI</keyword>) kept key rates unchanged. While the repo rate was maintained at 8% and reverse repo rate at 7%, the <keyword id="6493444" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="statutory-liquidity-ratio">statutory liquidity ratio</keyword> (SLR) was slashed by 50 basis points. 

	The cash reserve ratio was also kept unchanged at 4%. 
 "At this juncture, it is appropriate to leave the policy rate unchanged and to allow the disinflationary effects of rate increases undertaken during September 2013-January 2014 to mitigate inflationary pressures in the economy," said RBI governor <keyword id="6358908" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Raghuram-Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</keyword>. 

	"Lead indicators point to continuing sluggishness in domestic economic activity in the first quarter of 2014-15. The outlook for agriculture is clouded by the meteorological department's forecasts of a delay in the onset of the south-west monsoon with a 60% chance of the occurrence of El Nino," the RBI said.
 "CPI <keyword id="22195" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Inflation">inflation</keyword> excluding food and fuel has moderated gradually since September 2013 although it is still elevated," the RBI emphasised. 

	"The risks to the central forecast of 8% CPI inflation by January 2015 remain broadly balanced. Upside risks in the form of a sub-normal/delayed monsoon on account of possible El Nino effects, geo-political tensions and their impact on fuel prices, and uncertainties surrounding the setting of administered prices appear at this stage to be balanced by the possibility of stronger government action on food supply and better fiscal consolidation, as well as the pass through of recent exchange rate appreciation.

RBI Keeps Repo Rate Unchanged; SLR Slashed By 50 BP

The <keyword id="6354335" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reserve-bank-of-india" source="Orion">Reserve Bank of India</keyword> (<keyword id="30067" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="rbi" source="Orion">RBI</keyword>) on Wednesday announced a series of measures to boost foreign exchange inflows. The central bank said that it has taken the steps in order to further diversify and expand the sources of <keyword id="6358355" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="forex" source="Orion">forex</keyword> funding so as to mitigate volatility and dampen global spillovers. India's foreign exchange reserves stood at $593.3 billion as on June 24, 2022, supplemented by a substantial stock of net forward assets, it said. The RBI has exempted incremental Foreign Currency Non-Resident Bank (FCNR-B) and Non-Resident (External) Rupee (NRE) deposit <keyword id="127684" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Liabilities" source="Orion">liabilities</keyword> for computation of Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) for maintenance of cash reserve ratio (<keyword id="35038" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="crr" source="Orion">CRR</keyword>) and statutory liquidity ratio (<keyword id="46197" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SLR" source="Orion">SLR</keyword>) by the banks. This will be effective from the reporting fortnight beginning July 30, 2022 with reference base date of July 1. "This relaxation will be available for deposits mobilised up to November 4, 2022. Transfers from Non-Resident (Ordinary) (NRO) accounts to NRE accounts shall not qualify for the relaxation," the RBI said. It also decided to temporarily permit banks to raise fresh FCNR(B) and NRE deposits without reference to the extant regulations on interest rates, with effect from July 7, 2022. This relaxation will be available for the period up to October 31, 2022. The RBI also relaxed rules relating to foreign portfolio investment in debt by allowing all new issuances of government securities (G-Secs) of 7-year and 14-year tenors, including the current issuances of 7.10 per cent GS 2029 and 7.54 per cent GS 2036, under the Fully Accessible Route (FAR). It also decided that <keyword id="6362476" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="investments" source="Orion">investments</keyword> by FPIs in government securities and corporate debt made till October 31, 2022 will be exempted from the macroprudential short term limit - not more than 30 per cent of investments each in government securities and corporate bonds can have a residual maturity of less than one year. These investments will not be reckoned for the short term limit till maturity or sale of such investments. As part of the macroprudential framework under the medium term framework (MTF), foreign portfolio investors (FPI) can invest only in corporate debt instruments with a residual maturity of at least one year. The central bank has decided that FPIs will be provided with a limited window till October 31, 2022 during which they can invest in corporate money market instruments viz., commercial paper and non-convertible debentures with an original maturity of up to one year. The FPIs can continue to stay invested in these instruments till their maturity/sale. These investments will not be included for reckoning the short term limit for investments in corporate securities. According to the RBI, Authorised Dealer Category-1 (AD Cat-I) banks can utilise overseas foreign currency borrowings (OFCB) for lending in foreign currency to entities for a wider set of end-use purposes, subject to the negative list set out for external commercial borrowings (ECBs). The measure is expected to facilitate foreign currency borrowing by a larger set of borrowers who may find it difficult to directly access overseas markets. This dispensation for raising such borrowings is available till October 31, 2022. As regards the external commercial borrowings (ECB) the RBI has temporarily increased the limit under the automatic route from $750 million or its equivalent per financial year to $1.5 billion. The all-in cost ceiling under the ECB framework is also being raised by 100 basis points, subject to the borrower being of investment grade rating. The above dispensations are available up to December 31, 2022. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/monsoon-rain-wreaks-havoc-in-himachal-and-karnataka-orange-alert-in-gujarat/articleshow/92704563.cms">Monsoon rain wreaks havoc in Himachal and Karnataka, orange alert in Gujarat</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/macbook-air-with-m2-chip-will-go-on-sale-from-july-15/articleshow/92704253.cms">Apple’s MacBook Air with M2 chip will go on sale from July 15, pre-orders starting July 8</a>

RBI tries to boost forex reserves by easing NRI deposit norms

The <keyword id="6354335" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reserve-bank-of-india" source="Orion">Reserve Bank of India</keyword>'s (<keyword id="30067" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="rbi" source="Orion">RBI</keyword>) move to relax regulations to boost foreign exchange inflows will not have any material change in receipts, but certainly helpful in directional forex signalling to speculators, said <keyword id="141615" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="emkay-global" source="Orion">Emkay Global</keyword> Financial Services Ltd. Reacting to RBI's moves on Wednesday, Emkay Global in a report said: "While these measures to boost capital account are helpful, they may not have a material impact on flows. Nonetheless, they will still ease the pressure of the RBI to intervene to some extent." According to Emkay Global, with low forward premia, this mobilisation may still make some sense for banking entities. The timing of RBI's move coincides with the typically strong remittance/deposit season that comes with the beginning of the festive season. This can take the pressure off banks to raise domestic deposits amidst accelerating credit growth, and also somewhat cool-off domestic borrowing rates, Emkay Global said. The easing of all the available channels of foreign portfolio investors (<keyword id="725142" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="fpi" source="Orion">FPI</keyword>) investments in debt may not lead to material change in FPI flows given the free limits that are already available. However, the new tenors added in Fully Accessible Route (FAR) securities are fairly active. "Thirdly, the all-in cost ceiling under the <keyword id="60971" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="ecb" source="Orion">ECB</keyword> (external commercial borrowings) framework is also being raised by 100 bps, subject to the borrower being of investment grade rating, however we seek more clarity on this front as to whether it leads to any change in caps (from existing 450bps), and if it makes sense for domestic good investment-grade borrowers to borrow in foreign currency, except when they are facing a credit crunch back home," the report said. While it is debatable if these steps can lead to significant flows, they could be effective in preventing speculative attacks on the currency and giving directional policy signals to the markets, Emkay Global added. The key measures announced by RBI on Wednesday were: 1. Cash Reserve Ratio + Statutory Liquidity Ratio (CRR+ SLR) exemptions: Incremental FCNR Bank and Non-Resident External (NRE) deposit liabilities now exempt from <keyword id="626944" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="net-demand-and-time-liabilities" source="Orion">Net Demand and Time Liabilities</keyword> (NDTL) computation for maintenance of CRR and SLR. Transfers from Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) accounts will not qualify for this relaxation. This relaxation is available till November 4, 2022. 2. Interest rates on FCNR and NRE deposits: Banks are temporarily allowed to raise fresh FCNR(B) and NRE deposits without having to adhere to the regulations on interest rates on these deposits. 3. FPI debt investment: Easing all the available channels of FPI investments: (i) All new issuances of 7-year and 14-year G-secs (including fairly active current issuances of 7.10 per cent GS 2029 and 7.54 per cent GS 2036 <keyword id="1351125" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="ato" source="Orion">Ato</keyword> be now covered under Fully Accessible Route (FAR). At present, 5-year, 10-year and 30-year tenors are covered. (ii) FPI investments in G-secs and corporate debt will not be subject to the short-term limit, i.e., not more than 30 per cent of investments in G-secs and corporate debt can have a residual maturity less than one year. (iii) FPIs can invest in commercial papers and non-convertible debentures with an original maturity of up to one year as against earlier mandate of at least one year. These investments will not be included as part of the short term limit on investments in corporate securities. 4. Foreign currency lending by banks: Banks can utilise overseas foreign currency borrowings (OFCBs) for lending for a wider set of purposes, not just export finance. The measure is expected to facilitate foreign currency borrowing by a larger set of borrowers who may find it difficult to directly access overseas markets. 5. ECB limits: The limit for ECBs under the automatic route has been raised from $750 million to $1.5 billion per financial year. The all-in cost ceiling has also been raised by 100bps. The measures 2-5 above are valid till 31st October 2022, Emkay Global said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/stopped-russian-imports-in-april-says-essar-oil/articleshow/92714422.cms">Stopped Russian imports in April says Essar Oil</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/elon-musk-is-confident-that-humanity-will-reach-mars-in-our-lifetime/articleshow/92714414.cms">Elon Musk is confident that humanity will reach Mars in our lifetime</a>

RBI's moves to boost forex inflows could have an impact on domestic borrowing rates

Mumbai, Jun 27 () Amid the ongoing economic woes created by the coronavirus pandemic, the Reserve Bank has decided to extend the enhanced borrowing facility provided to the banks to meet their liquidity shortages till September 30. The RBI, as a temporary measure, had increased the borrowing limit of scheduled banks under the marginal standing facility (MSF) scheme from 2 per cent to 3 per cent of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) with effect from March 27, 2020. Under the MSF, banks can borrow overnight funds at their discretion by dipping into the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). This relaxation, which was granted till June 30, 2020, has now been extended till September 30. "On a review, it has now been decided to extend this enhanced limit till September 30, 2020," the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said in a circular. Banks may continue to access overnight funds under the MSF against their excess SLR holding, it added. The marginal standing facility rate currently stands at 4.25 per cent. The RBI has also extended the relaxation on the minimum daily maintenance of the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) at 80 per cent for a further period of three months till September 25, 2020. On March 27, the minimum daily maintenance of the CRR was reduced from 90 per cent of the prescribed CRR to 80 per cent till June 26, 2020. This was done in view of the continuing of hardships faced by banks in terms of social distancing of staff and consequent strains on reporting requirements. NKD ABM ABM

RBI extends enhanced borrowing limit under MSF till Sep 30

(Eds: Adding details) Mumbai, Mar 27 () The RBI on Friday put on hold EMI payments on all term loans for three months and cut interest rate by steepest in more than 11 years as it joined the government effort to rescue a slowing economy that has now got caught in coronavirus whirlwind.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cut repo to 4.4 per cent, the lowest in at least 15 years. Also, it reduced the cash reserve ratio maintained by the banks for the first time in over seven years. CRR for all banks was cut by 100 basis points to release Rs 1.37 lakh crore across banking system.The reverse repo rate was cut by 90 bps to 4 per cent, creating an asymmetrical corridor.RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das predicted a big global recession and said India will not be immune.It all depends how India responds to the situation, he said.Global slowdown could make things difficult for India too, despite some help from falling crude prices, Das said, adding food prices may soften even further on record crop production.Aggregate demand may weaken and ease core inflation further, he noted.The liquidity measures announced include auction of targeted long-term repo operation of 3 year tenor for total amount of Rs 1 lakh crore at floating rate and accommodation under Marginal Standing Facility to be increased from 2 per cent to 3 per cent of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) with immediate effect till June 30.Combined, these three measures will make available a total Rs 3,74,000 crore to the country's financial system.After cutting policy rates five times in 2019, the RBI had been on a pause since December in view of high inflation.The measures announced come a day after the government unveiled a Rs 1.7 lakh crore package of free foodgrains and cash doles to the poor to deal with the economic impact of the unprecedented 21-day nationwide lockdown.While the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI originally was slated to meet in the first week of April, it was advanced by a week to meet the challenge of coronavirus. DP ANZ BAL

EMIs put on hold, big-bang interest rate cut as RBI joins fight against coronavirus

Mumbai, May 8 () With government borrowings likely to increase in the current fiscal, there is a need to increase the demand for bonds and conduct reverse repo as well as term reverse repo operations without placing any collateral with the Reserve Bank of India, says a report. For conducting such reverse repo operations, the Reserve Bank of India Act needs to be amended, the research report by State Bank of India (SBI) - Ecowrap noted. "Given that 2020 is going to be an exceptional year with government borrowings set to jump, we believe the time has now come for increasing the demand for bonds by having the necessary amendment in the RBI Act used effectively so that conduct of reverse repo and term reverse repo operations are completely non-collateralized," it said. Reverse repo is lending of funds against buying of securities with an agreement to resell the said securities on a mutually agreed future date at an agreed price which includes interest for the funds lent. Under reverse repo operations, banks deposit excess funds with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and earn interest on it. As lending to the central bank has no credit risk, there is no need to provide government securities as collateral when a market participant places its funds with the RBI, the report said. "Additionally, since securities obtained under reverse repo are eligible for statutory liquidity ratio (SLR), it will thus ensure an overall increase in the demand for bonds," the report said. With the continuous liquidity support by RBI, the system surplus liquidity position has increased significantly and banks have parked an average of Rs 6 lakh crore in May, compared to Rs 4.8 lakh crore in April and Rs 2.9 lakh crore in March under the reverse repo window of RBI. The report said in order to absorb surplus liquidity from the system without the need for providing collateral in exchange, RBI has been planning to introduce a (low) remunerated standing deposit facility (SDF). The Urjit Patel Monetary Policy Committee had recommended this instrument and indicated that this would be done with the discretion to set the interest rate without reference to the policy target rate. The committee recommended that the introduction of the standing deposit facility will require amendment to the RBI Act and may replace reverse repo in the long-run. "We believe that such uncollateralised absorption of liquidity by the central bank will pave the way for the government to suck out additional liquidity at lower cost through SDF," the report said. The report also recommended that there should not be any cap on the amount of funds placed at the RBI window for reverse repo, rather it should be abandoned and SDF should be introduced. "Capping the quantum of funds in reverse repo as was done in 2007 creates significant market distortions in the onshore rate pricing metric as well as the knock on impact on the FX pricing metric," it said. HV DRRDRR

Need for non-collateralized reverse repo operations: SBI Report

Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has been instituted by the Central Government of India under Section 45ZB of the RBI Act that was amended in 1934. MPC had its first meeting for two days on October 3 and October 4, 2016. The MPC is entrusted with the responsibility of deciding the different policy rates including MSF, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, and Liquidity Adjustment Facility. Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has six members and the main objective of this body is to maintain the price stability and boosting up the growth rate of the country’s economy. What is <keyword id="679958" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="RBI-monetary-policy">RBI Monetary Policy</keyword> ? The term ‘Monetary Policy’ is the Reserve Bank of India’s policy pertaining to the deployment of monetary resources under its control for the purpose of achieving GDP growth and lowering the inflation rate. The Reserve Bank of India Act 1934 empowers the RBI to make the monetary policy. We can say that the monetary policy stands for the control measures adopted by the Central Bank of a nation. What the Monetary Policy intends to achieve? As per the suggestions made by Chakravarty Committee, aspects such as price stability, economic growth, equity, social justice, and encouraging the growth of new financial enterprises are some crucial roles connected to the monetary policy of India. While the Government of India tries to accelerate the GDP growth rate of India, the RBI keeps trying to bring down the rate of inflation within a sustainable limit. In order to achieve its main objectives, the Monetary Policy Committee determines the ideal policy interest rate that will help achieve the inflation target in front of the country. Monetary Policy Department (MPD) is an important organ of the Reserve Bank of India that assists the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) in creating the monetary policy. Monetary Policy Committee Structure Monetary Policy Committee has 6 members as follows: <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> SI. No. </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Designation </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> The office held </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Who holds the office as on October 2019 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Chair Person </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Governor of the Reserve Bank of India </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Shri Shaktikanta Das </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Member, ex officio </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, in charge of Monetary Policy </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> BP Kanungo </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Member, ex officio </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> An officer of the Reserve Bank of India nominated by the Central Board </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Dr. Michael Debabrata Patra </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Member </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Professor, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Dr. Ravindra H. Dholakia </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Member </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Director, Delhi School of Economics </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Professor Pami Dua </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40.25pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> </td> <td style="width: 94.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Member </td> <td style="width: 175.5pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Professor, Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) </td> <td style="width: 157.25pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Shri Chetan Ghate </td> </tr> </tbody></table> The ex- Officio members of the committee hold the office for a term of four years or until the next order, whichever happens earlier. Monetary Policy Instruments and how they are managed Monetary policy instruments are of two types namely qualitative instruments and quantitative instruments. The list of quantitative instruments include Open Market Operations, Bank Rate, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio, Statutory Liquidity Ratio, Marginal standing facility and Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF). Qualitative Instruments refer to direct action, change in the margin money and moral suasion. The instruments listed above are managed and regulated as per the needs of the country’s economy. These instruments are effectively used in order to ensure the money supply in the economy so that the inflation rate is stabilized to realize economic growth.

Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Of India: Its Purpose, Structure and Responsibilities

The Reserve Bank of India (<keyword id="30067" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="RBI">RBI</keyword>), in its third bi-monthly monetary policy statement for FY2014-15, kept the <keyword id="43352" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Repo-rate">repo rate</keyword> unchanged at 8%. The <keyword id="6403556" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="reverse-repo-rate">reverse repo rate</keyword>, too, remained the same at 7%. 
 
The statutory liquidity ratio (<keyword id="46197" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="SLR">SLR</keyword>) was slashed by 50 bps to 22%. "The moderation in CPI headline inflation for two consecutive months, despite the seasonal firming up of prices of fruits and vegetables since March, is due to both base effects and the steady deceleration in CPI inflation excluding food and fuel," RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan said. 
 
"The recent fall in international crude prices, the benign outlook on global non-oil commodity prices and still-subdued corporate pricing power should all support continued disinflation, as should measures undertaken to improve food management. There are, however, upside risks also, in the form of the pass-through of administered price increases, continuing uncertainty over monsoon conditions and their impact on food production, possibly higher oil prices stemming from geo-political concerns and exchange rate movement, and strengthening growth in the face of continuing supply constraints," the RBI said. 
 
The central bank said it would continue to monitor inflation and it remained committed to bring CPI inflation to 8% by January 2015 and 6% by January 2016. 
 
“The Reserve Bank has taken a number of steps to enhance efficiency, increase entry, speed up resolution, and improve access to financial services, such as modified regulations on long term lending and borrowing, proposals for licensing payment banks and small banks, a framework to deal with stressed assets, actions to further the use of mobile phones in banking, and efforts to simplify know your customer (KYC) norms, among others,” the bank said in its press release.

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