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India's journey through space missions and milestones

<ul><li>Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is ready to share India's space technology with the rest of the world — but only with 'friendly countries'. </li><li>India is known for its pocket friendly missions like its most recent mission to the moon — Chandrayaan 2. </li><li>India is also trying to break into the space launch market with ISRO first fully commercial launch exclusively for foreign satellites pegged to launch later this month. </li></ul>The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is ready to share India's budget space technology with the rest of the world — but only to 'friendly' countries. "I am happy to state that India would be happy to help other friendly countries develop land restoration strategies through cost-effective satellite and space technology," stated Modi during the United Nations Conference of the Parties (<a href="https://www.unccd.int/conventionconference-parties-cop/cop14-2-13-september-new-delhi-india">UN-COP</a>) 14 to combat desertification. India's most recent mission to moon, Chandrayaan 2, cost ₹10 billion ($140 million). It's lauded for being cheaper than the budget of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">Avengers: Endgame.</a> India's Mars Orbiter Mission (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/mars-orbiter-mission-completes-4-years-in-pictures/articleshow/65972664.cms">MOM</a>) — also called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/akshay-kumars-mission-mangal-could-miss-facts-about-mangalyaan/articleshow/70498232.cms">Mangalyaan</a> — also impressed the world by reaching the Red Planet on a budget of ₹4.5 billion ($74 million). Even the upcoming <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-first-manned-mission-to-space-may-have-women-too/articleshow/67486206.cms">Gaganyaan mission</a>, which is India's first attempt to send astronauts into space, has expected to cost less than ₹100 billion ($1.43 billion). The price of keeping costs down India's exploration of space might be considered <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-low-cost-chandrayaan-and-mars-missions-come-at-a-price/articleshow/70226652.cms">budget friendly but it comes at a price.</a> These missions are mostly undertaken to demonstrate India's technological prowess. Other space agencies around the world, like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), spend a lot more on their voyages into outer space — and have a lot more to gain as well. ESA's missions are categorised from Class A to D, depending on the priority of the mission, its national significance, the mission's lifetime and how much it's going to cost. The longer the mission, the more expensive it likely will be. Capturing the launch market It's not only India's missions into space that are pocket friendly, but also their launch technology. Later this month on 16 September 2019, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to conduct its first ever commercial launch catering exclusively to foreign satellites. It will be launching two British satellites — Novasar and S1-4 — aboard its PSLV C-42 rocket from the launch pad in Sriharikota. "Subsequent two PSLV mission will also carry foreign satellites. However those missions will be on sharing mode (also carrying Indian payloads)," ISRO Chairman K Sivan told <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-launch-rocket-solely-for-foreign-satellites-in-september/articleshow/65061764.cms">Times of India</a>. As of now, NASA dominates the commercial satellite launch market. India's apex space agency has only managed to muster 0.6% share of the market pegged at ₹36 billion. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-low-cost-chandrayaan-and-mars-missions-come-at-a-price/articleshow/70226652.cms">India's low cost space missions come at a price</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/5-Surprising-Things-That-Cost-More-Than-Indias-Historic-Mission-To-Mars/articleshow/43332986.cms">5 Surprising Things That Cost More Than India's Historic Mission To Mars</a>

Modi offers India's cost-effective technology but only to 'friendly' nations

<ul><li>India is lauded for bringing about cost-effective space exploration globally. </li><li>But, most of India’s missions, like Mangalyaan and the upcoming Gaganyaan, are technology demonstrators rather than long term voyages to collect data. </li><li>Bringing the Space Activities Bill to fruition to allow for private participation might be one way that India can plan for longer and more indulgent space missions. </li></ul>India is globally touted for its cost effective space missions. <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2, for example, is revered for being cheaper than producing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">Avengers: Endgame</a>. Mangalyaan is celebrated as the <a href="https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/09/23/how-india-mounted-the-worlds-cheapest-mission-to-mars/">most affordable</a> mission to Mars in the world. But there’s a catch. Cutting down on costs for space exploration means that India is able to collect less data and its missions are quick. "There are many factors. The entire cycle, the entire process of building a space mission is compromised," Chaitanya Giri, a fellow for space and ocean studies at Gateway House — a think tank focussing of India’s global relations — told Business Insider India. Shorter timelines "So, we’re not investing in these missions as long duration missions. So, if you look at the European Space Agency (<a href="https://m.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/How_a_mission_is_chosen">ESA</a>), for instance, classifies its space missions into three categories — the S class, the M class and the L class (small, medium and large class)," explains Giri. The National Aeronautics and Space Agency (<a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20180007026.pdf">NASA</a>) also classifies its missions from Class A to D depending on the priority of the mission, its national significance, the mission’s lifetime and how much it’s going to cost. "For instance, there are a few American missions that have been going on for over a decade. And, that takes a lot of money," Giri adds. In India, on the other hand, most of the projects have very short timelines. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/after-mangalyaan-india-wants-to-be-the-first-to-explore-the-dark-side-of-the-moon/articleshow/64793523.cms">Mangalyaan</a> was sanctioned and deployed within a span of two years. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-india-is-inching-a-step-closer-to-its-mission-of-sending-an-astronaut-into-space-by-2022/articleshow/66632355.cms">Gangayaan</a> was announced in 2018 and has plans to get astronauts off the ground by 2021. Even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-were-the-challenges-with-chandrayaan-1/articleshow/70202192.cms">Chandrayaan 1</a>, India’s mission to the moon that led to the discovery of water was announced in 2003 and launched by 2008. It was planned that the mission would operate for 2 years, but communication with the probe was lost after 10 months. MAVEN vs MOM The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/mars-orbiter-mission-completes-4-years-in-pictures/articleshow/65972664.cms">Mars Orbiter Mission</a>, or Mangalyaan, was sanctioned in 2011 and launched a mere two years later in 2013 on a budget of $74 million. NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, on the other hand, cost $671 million and launched a little later in 2013. Explaining the difference between the Mars missions, Giri states, "MOM, when it was launched, was touted as a technology demonstrator mission. We had never gone to Mars before, so the prerogative was to reach there and take those sojourn of months and do some basic science. Secondly, we went there on a PSLV rocket. PSLV can only carry a spacecraft, that’s at most, 1.5 tonnes." "And, if you look in comparison, the MAVEN was much heavier. MAVEN was laden a lot of diverse instruments and we were carrying only 5 instruments. So, we can’t really expect much science from those five instruments," Giri adds. More money more power India’s smaller budgets aren’t a matter of choice but necessity. ESA and NASA aren’t exclusively dependent on government spending — they nurture the private space industrial sector as well. In India, private participation in what is largely considered to be ISRO’s domain, is absent. And, one of the things standing in the way is the Space Activities Bill. "Space Activities Bill has not been discussed in the Parliament. The first version was tabled but it was never taken up. There needs to be some consensus within the space industrial sector in India. If there is unity among them, then things might proceed," says Giri. The government is reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-activities-bill-addresses-damage-in-outer-space/articleshow/69960212.cms">processing the bill</a> to align its liabilities in outer space with international standards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-is-spending-1-4-billion-on-a-space-trip-and-there-are-bigger-plans-involved/articleshow/65591318.cms">India is spending $1.4 billion on a space trip and there are bigger plans involved</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/union-budget-2019-isros-new-commerical-arm-is-new-space-india-limited/articleshow/70086097.cms">India forms a new space company to sell ISRO’s space technology products</a>

India’s low cost space missions come at a price

​10 missions before Chandrayaan-3 that define mankind’s quest to explore the moon ​

In yet another lunar mission, India launches Chandrayaan-2, which will be vested with the task of exploring the darker side of the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is set to be launched on board the GSLV MK III from the Satish Dhawan Space Center located at Sriharikota, the flagship spaceport of India on July 15. Here are some unknown and interesting facts about Chandrayaan-2. Facts about the launch Chandrayaan-2 becomes the second lunar mission of India. Once the launch becomes successful, India will become the fourth country on the earth to achieve soft landing on the moon. Explore the southern polar region of the moon The sole objective of Chandrayaan is to explore the south-polar region of the moon, which has not been charted till date. The mission Chandrayaan-2 is expected to increase our understanding of the earth’s sole natural satellite. The discoveries that are possible through this mission is expected to benefit India in particular and the humanity at large. Advantages of sending Chandrayaan-2 to the moon Moon is the nearest space object to the earth. Moon can be used something like attest bed for the space launch and the knowledge gained out of Chandrayaan-2 mission can give enough insights on the deep-space missions India can attempt in the future to distant spatial bodies. Where it will land Chandrayaan-2 will try to soft-land the rover Pragyan and lander Vikram in a high plain region of the moon located in between two craters called as Manzinus C and Simpelius N at a latitude of 70 degrees south. Some special facts about Chandrayan-2 Chandrayaan-2 is the first ever space mission by any country to explore the south pole of the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is fully powered by home-grown technology. What the mission intends to do The mission forming part of Chandrayaan-2 will help the country and the humanity accumulate a better understanding of how the moon originated and evolved. The mission will perform some topographical studies in a detailed manner in addition to some mineralogical analysis, and a line of other kinds of experiments on the moon’s surface. Possibly, we could gain some valuable inputs on the kind of rocks found on the moon and the presence of water molecules in the moon’s surface. What is the implication of the mission for ISRO This mission will help the ISRO surpass the aspirations among the international community. The mission can also inspire a set of future scientists, explorers and engineers of extraordinary skills and talents. The entire mission will succeed in expanding India’s space footprint. Timeline of the mission Lander Vikram is scheduled to land on the South Pole of the moon on September 6, 2019. Following this, Rover will start doing some experiments on the moon’s surface for a period of 14 earth days or what is known as one lunar day. The mission of Orbiter will extend for a period of one year. Made in India GSLV MK III is the most powerful launcher India will be using for the mission Chandrayaan-2. This launcher is fully designed and manufactured in India.

Unknown Facts About Chandrayaan 2

(Photo Courtesy : <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">isro</keyword>.gov.in) <ul><li>India may be able to accomplish its mission of sending an astronaut into space under ‘<keyword id="6797456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</keyword>’ by 2021. </li><li>India’s space agency, the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> will send two unmanned flights before the first manned mission. </li><li>It is also working on successfully completing 10 satellite missions before January 2019. </li></ul>India may soon be able to <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/indias-first-manned-space-mission-to-send-3-persons/articleshow/65576098.cms">send a crew of three astronauts</a> into space for five to seven days on an ambitious manned space exploration mission. After successfully launching <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-successfully-launches-communication-satellite-gsat-29-using-its-heaviest-rocket/articleshow/66623518.cms">GSAT-29,</a> India’s space agency is now planning to begin space exploration through its first manned mission -- ‘Gaganyaan’. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working aggressively towards achieving this milestone of sending a team of astronauts into space by 2021. In order to accomplish this, it will first send one of the two ‘unmanned’ space vehicles under the programme by December, 2020,<a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/first-unmanned-mission-under-gaganyaan-by-dec-2020isro-chief-k-sivan/articleshow/66623343.cms"> reported </a>Economic Times citing the space agency's chief K Sivan. ISRO will assess the various parameters for India’s first manned mission through these space flights. Additionally, the space agency is aiming to launch six satellites and four space vehicles by January 2019, reported <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-lines-up-10-missions-before-jan-2019/articleshow/66624616.cms">Economic Times</a>. India has made huge leaps in satellite and space research in recent years compared to its modest start in 1960s, <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/15-feb-2017/pslv-c37-successfully-launches-104-satellites-single-flight">sending 104 satellites</a> in a single flight in 2017 and joining an elite group of nations with advanced space technologies. In his <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-launch-first-manned-space-mission-by-2022-pm-modi/articleshow/65410373.cms">speech</a> on India’s independence day this year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India will make an effort to send a human into space by 2022 onboard ‘Ganganyaan’. However, India will have to bear a hefty cost to achieve this. Indian government have estimated the total cost of ‘Gaganyaan’ to be less than $1.43 billion, reported <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/india-space/india-says-manned-space-mission-to-cost-1-4-billion-idINKCN1LD1J8">Reuters</a>. Although, the budget is lower in comparison to United States and China who worked on similar project but it is slightly higher than <a href="https://qz.com/india/1423840/inside-gaganyaan-isros-mission-to-put-an-indian-in-space/">ISRO’s annual budget</a> of $1.1 billion (for 2018). The Indian government expects that its recent satellite missions -- including those done on behalf of foreign governments will help to fund country’s space programme which has a total budget of $4 billion.

How India is inching a step closer to its mission of sending an astronaut into space by 2022

The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) on Tuesday successfully performed the third orbit-raising maneuver (Earth-bound perigee firing) of the <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> spacecraft. The next firing is planned for July 20 between 2 pm and 3 pm, the national space agency headquartered here said. "The third orbit-raising maneuver (Earth-bound perigee firing) is performed successfully from ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network)/ISRO, Bengaluru," it said. The Chandrayaan-3 mission to the Moon was launched on July 14.

Chandrayaan-3: ISRO successfully completes third orbit-raising manoeuvre

<ul><li>India's upcoming mission to Moon, <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>, is the the country's biggest space project yet costing ₹10 billion.</li><li>Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar visit but it still marks a lot of firsts for the country and the global community, like being the first country to make a soft landing on the Moon's South Pole.</li><li>It will also be the first time that a country will be exploring the Moon's potential for water.</li></ul>India's second lunar mission, Chandrayaan 2, set to take off today. It may be India's second trip to the Moon but it will be first time any country in the world will be landing on the Moon's South Pole. This is India's biggest project till date with the cost coming up to ₹10 billion and will mark many ‘firsts’ for the country’s apex space agency. Building on Chandrayaan 1's discovery of water is only one part of the Chandrayaan 2's goal on the moon. Since it will be privy to the Moon's craters in a region that's been frozen for millions of years at temperatures dipping below 270 degrees Celcius, the Indians Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is also hoping to look into other primary elements that may be present on the moon. India’s second lunar mission will be carrying 14 payloads abroad its 3 modules — the orbiter, the lander called Vikram and Pragyan, the rover. Together, the spacecraft will have a mass of 3.8 tonnes. Here are all the reasons why Chandrayaan-2 is a landmark mission for India: 1. Soft landing The last time around, during Chandrayaan-1, ISRO attempted a crash landing on the Moon. But, this time around it is choosing to opt for a soft landing, making it one of the most challenging tasks that ISRO at undertaken till date. 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="Bengaluru: ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2, India&amp;#39;s ..." msid="69843050" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>










 2. Women power The Chandrayaan-2 mission is also the first time that an ISRO mission is being led by two women — the project director, M Vanitha and the mission director, Ritu Karidhal. Vanitha was recommended to the position for her problem solving skills as well as her deft handling of the team. Karidhal, on the other hand, has already proved her competence as a member of India’s Mars mission. After many delays, India’s second lunar mission — Chandrayaan-2 — is set to take off from the Sriharikota launch pad on July 15 at 2:51am. But, just because India’s been to the Moon before doesn’t mean that the new mission isn’t a big deal. 3. Covering the Moon in India’s Asoka Chakra Pragyaan, the rover that will roam the surface of the Moon, is gonna tag the entire Moon with India’s Ashoka Chakra and the ISRO’s logo. As its wheels move across the lunar surface will imprint the move for a total of 500cms — the total distance that the rover can travel during the course of the mission. 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="Bengaluru: ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2, India&amp;#39;s ..." msid="69843107" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>











 4. <keyword id="2179903" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Water-on-the-moon">Water on the Moon</keyword> The Chandrayaan 2 mission is also India’s chance to study water on the Moon, first discovered during the Chandrayaan 1 mission. This will be a first for the for the global scientific community and could provide solutions for sustaining human missions to the Moon like the one NASA has planned for 2024 called Artemis. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">India’s second lunar mission pegged to launch in July</a>

India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records

<ul><li><keyword id="63710" type="POSITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO-chief">ISRO chief</keyword> confirms that they want <keyword id="624" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Women">women</keyword> astronauts to be a part of the three member-crew </li><li><keyword id="6797456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</keyword> will take off in December, 2021 </li><li>The Indian government had earlier approved a $1.4 billion budget for the same, which could make the mission the cheapest in history</li></ul>India is set to launch its first crewed <keyword id="139576" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-mission">space mission</keyword> – Gaganyaan – in December 2021 and <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> chief <keyword id="2003919" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="K-Sivan">K Sivan</keyword> has announced that woman astronauts could be a part of the three-member team. In a press conference held in Bengaluru, the <a href="https://www.timesnownews.com/technology-science/article/isro-briefing-k-sivan-talks-about-chandrayaan-2-gaganyaan-and-other-key-projects-in-2019-for-the-indian-space-research-organisation-isro/345618">ISRO chief confirmed</a> the timeline for the space mission while adding that both men and women are being trained. However, while the initial part of the training will be done in <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/mission-gaganyaan-cabinet-approves-10-000-crore-budget-send-indians-to-space-2022-1418941-2018-12-28">India</a>, the advanced training will take place abroad. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had initially<a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/FNpqM0Da1muJBPiDr9G5tN/Cabinet-approves-Rs-10000-crore-Gaganyaan-project.html"> announced Gaganyaan</a>, a seven-day low Earth orbit mission, as a part of his Independence Day speech. India also gave a go-ahead for a $1.4 billion budget to send three people into space for seven days. China’s space mission Shenzhou program had cost them $2.3 billion whereas US in 1969 had <a href="https://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/india-to-send-three-person-crew-on-landmark-space-mission">reportedly</a> spent $110 billion in current values. With this move, India will become the fourth nation in the world to send humans to space, ranking right after US, Russia and China. It could possibly also be the cheapest space mission, with the entire project from technology development to flight hardware realization and infrastructure to be done within the approved budget. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/2018-was-a-remarkable-year-for-indias-space-agency-isrohere-were-the-top-5-successful-missions/articleshow/67284873.cms">2018 was a remarkable year for India’s space agency ISRO—Here were the top 5 successful missions</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-space-agency-is-planning-a-massive-launch-of-over-30-satellites-this-week-including-one-capable-of-hyperspectral-imaging/articleshow/66811381.cms">India’s space agency is planning a massive launch of over 30 satellites this week, including one capable of ‘hyperspectral’ imaging</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-big-bird-india-marks-successful-launch-of-its-heaviest-satellite-gsat-11-onboard-space-vehicle-ariane-5/articleshow/66948736.cms">‘The Big Bird’: India marks successful launch of its heaviest satellite GSAT-11 onboard space vehicle Ariane-5</a>

India's first ‘manned’ mission to space may have women too

<ul class="summary-list"><li>India's mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-2, is set to make a soft landing on the moon on Friday.</li><li>If successful India will become only the fourth country to make a successful landing on the moon, joining the US, China, and Russia. </li><li>The Chandrayaan-2, which means "moon-vehicle" in Sanskrit, has been completed on a relatively low budget compared to many space missions, costing around $140 million.</li><li>India faced criticism for its activities in space earlier in 2019, after it shot down a satellite, creating millions of pieces of space debris. NASA called the incident "unacceptable," saying the debris could threaten astronauts on the International Space Station.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. </a></li></ul>India's mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-2, is due to touch down on the lunar surface in a soft landing Friday, making India just the fourth country to make a successful soft landing on the moon. The Chandrayaan-2, which means "moon-vehicle" in Sanskrit, will make a soft landing - which is characterized by landing with no damage or destruction to the landing - at some point Friday, if the mission is a success. In doing so it will join the US, China, and the Soviet Union in making a soft landing. Japan, Israel, and the European Space Agency have also made landings on the moon, but they have resulted in damage to the landing craft. Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-delays-lunar-chandrayaan-2-launch-due-to-technical-snag-2019-7?r=US&amp;IR=T">India postponed the launch of its $146 million lunar mission due to a 'technical snag'</a> India's mission has been completed on a relatively low budget compared to many space missions. According to <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/chandrayaan-2-mission-cost-india-rs-978-crore-avengers-endgame-film-made-rs-2443-crore/story/366550.html">Indian business news website Business Today</a> the entire mission cost the Indian government the equivalent of just $142 milion. The BBC cites <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-49404019">a figure of $145 million.</a> <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/04/world/india-moon-lunar-chandrayaan-2-explainer-scn/index.html">CNN reported</a> that the mission's total cost is less than half that of the budget for 2019's Marvel blockbuster "Avengers: Endgame" which had an overall budget of $356 million. In total, India's space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation has a budget of $1.8 billion this year, according to the Washington Post, which added that NASA's funding in 2019 is around $21.5 billion. Dr Chaitanya Giri, a fellow at Indian think tank Gateway House told CNN that the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has managed to reduce its costs by utilizing in-house talent, shortening missions to just a few years and making use of space infrastructure previously put in place by the US. Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-missile-shoots-down-satellite-space-debris-junk-risk-2019-3?r=US&amp;IR=T">India's anti-satellite missile test just moved humanity closer to a space-junk nightmare scenario.</a> The mission, if it goes to plan, will see a separate lander spacecraft, known as Vikram, land on the southern side of the moon, <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/gslv-mk-iii-m1-chandrayaan-2-mission">the ISRO said.</a> It will land around 375 kilometers from its South Pole, <a href="https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-2-moon-south-pole-landing-site.html">according to a report from Space.com.</a> Space.com's report said that the landing site could become "one of the most important places on the moon's surface." "This mission has proved beyond doubt, once again, that when it comes to attempting an endeavor in new age, cutting edge areas, with innovative zeal, our scientists are second to none," India's Prime Minister Narenda Modi said after the craft was launched in July, CNN reported. "They are the best ... they are world class," Modi said. Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-space-junk-india-destroying-missile-threaten-international-space-station-terrible-thing-2019-4?r=US&amp;IR=T">'A terrible, terrible thing': NASA said India's satellite destruction created so much space junk it threatens the safety of the International Space Station.</a> In March, the ISRO sparked serious criticism from NASA when it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-in-india-just-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-in-space-2019-3?r=US&amp;IR=T">intentionally destroyed a satellite</a> with a missile. The satellite shattered to pieces, leaving debris large enough to pose a danger to the space station but not large enough to track, according to a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-space-junk-india-destroying-missile-threaten-international-space-station-terrible-thing-2019-4?r=US&amp;IR=T">report by Business Insider.</a> NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said the move was "unacceptable" and caused a threat to astronauts on board the International Space Station (ISS).

India's $145 million lunar mission is set to make it just the 4th nation to make a soft landing on the moon, only months after NASA called its actions in space 'unacceptable'

<div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image">AP</div></div>Somehow, <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> plans to send a satellite to <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> - already a difficult task with <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/indias-low-cost-mars-mission-2013-11">21 of 51 global missions to the red planet having failed</a> - for the<a href="http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-india-launch-mars-mission-20131104,0,3566545.story#axzz2jtgvTsc6"> incredibly low cost of $73 million</a>.
Let's compare this to some other space mission and some Hollywood space missions for perspective.
First, consider NASA's Maven satellite, which is due to launch later November and is broadly comparable in scope to India's mission. It <a href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303661404579175160183234906">costs $671 million</a>.
Second, NASA's more ambitious Mars Curiosity mission, launched in 2011 and <a href="http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-india-launch-mars-mission-20131104,0,3566545.story#axzz2jtgvTsc6">cost $2.5 billion</a>.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image">Business Insider</div></div>India's mission certainly does seem like a bargain compared to NASA missions.
How does it compare to other expensive things? Well, as one <a href="http://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/1pzziz/the_indian_mars_mission_cost_73_million_which_is/">Reddit user has pointed out</a>, it's less than the estimated budget ($105 million) for <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1454468/">critically acclaimed space film "Gravity</a>," released earlier this year:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image">Business Insider</div></div>This may be a silly comparison, but it does make you wonder - why is India's mission so cheap?
For one thing, the mission is cutting corners, using existing technology as much as possible, and minimizing the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/indias-low-cost-mars-mission-2013-11">number of physical test models used by replacing them with computer simulations</a>. David Alexander, director of the Rice Space Institute, <a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/11/04/243082266/why-indias-mars-mission-is-so-much-cheaper-than-nasas">told NPR that India's cheaper</a> labor costs may well also keep costs down too.
Is a cheap mission to Mars it a good investment?
A cheaper Mars mission is in many ways a riskier Mars mission, but so far India's done better than China and Russia's failed 2011 attempt, which suffered a number of problems after launch and <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/phobos-grunt-failed-russian-mars-probe-falls-earth/story?id=15366151">never made it beyond low Earth orbit</a>. There has, however, been some compelling criticism that India shouldn't be spending money on Mars when so many of its citizens live in poverty.
But remember, you have to put money in to get money out - Gravity turned a huge profit at the box office. Investing in things like space missions has in the past spurred innovation and created jobs.
India's Mars mission could very well crash and burn, but even if it makes it the return is unclear.

Putting India's Absurdly Cheap Mission To Mars In Perspective

<ul><li>The successful landing on <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> on the Moon will make India the first country to explore the lunar south pole. </li><li>The entire mission is being done using technology that was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). </li><li>The mission is cost a record breaking ₹10 billion. </li></ul>ISRO is sure it will succeed in its Chandrayaan-2 mission with the soft-landing of Vikram, the lander scheduled between 01:30 am and 02:30 am on Saturday, September 7, 2019 on the moon’s surface. This thumping victory will boost India’s image in the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-puts-india-on-moon-south-pole-ahead-of-america-russia-china/articleshow/70212854.cms">international scene</a> and there are several reasons why India is keen to succeed in its second mission to the moon. The importance of Chandrayaan-2 mission Chandrayaan-2 is India’s second mission to the moon. India succeeding in its lunar mission this time will mean it will become the fourth country following Russia, the US and China to successfully accomplish a soft landing on the moon. At the same time, the success of Chandrayaan-2 will position India in the first place to reach the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chinas-lunar-rover-does-what-indias-chandrayaan-2-is-hoping-to-do-on-the-moons-south-pole/articleshow/70942638.cms">south pole of the moon</a>, which is still waiting to be explored. Highly challenging venture What is called as Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) maneuver was carried out successfully by the ISRO during Chandrayaan-1 mission. However, the proposed soft-landing on the moon during the Chandrayaan-2 mission is a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-launches-successfully-at-243-pm/articleshow/70328430.cms">highly challenging one</a>. Attempting to soft-land the lander and rover on a high plain lying in between the two craters Manzinus C and Simpelius N, at a latitude of about 70 south, the soft-landing being attempted now will be a terrifying moment as this is something new to ISRO. India’s prowess in space technology The entire mission of Chandrayaan-2 is attempted on a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">homegrown technology</a>. This notable mission is closely connected with India’s lofty aspirations to prove its capabilities in space technology. Commenting on the importance of Chandrayaan-2 mission, Pallava Bagla, science editor of NDTV, a famed T channel of India remarked, “There is a huge symbolic value attached to this mission. This is all about national pride.” The topic of space and India In India, the topic of space has become something of a craze. In a number of Indian cities, there are huge posters found on gigantic billboards heralding the Chandrayaan-2 mission. In some space classes, children are making innovative rockets to celebrate the said mission. In fact, Chandrayaan-2 has become a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pm-modi-might-retweet-you-tonight-heres-how-you-can-feature-on-his-twitter-timeline/articleshow/71007637.cms">hotly pursued topic</a> among the Indian youth now. Indian government and Chandrayaan-2 At a time when the Indian government is facing a crucial time characterized by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/unemployment-in-india-highest-among-urban-youth-says-government-data/articleshow/69631185.cms">dismal job numbers</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/narendra-modi-pmeac-comments-on-indias-economic-slowdown/articleshow/70954078.cms">declining economic growth</a> and the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-will-now-be-two-separate-union-territories/articleshow/70531866.cms">Kashmir conflict</a>, the Chandrayaan-2 mission provides a welcome distraction. When the Chandrayaan-2 was launched in July, Mr. Narendra Modi published a video in which he is clapping and keenly watching the live launch with the Indian flag behind him. Arati Jerath, a Delhi based political analyst says, “Modi is very keen on positioning India as a global power. Moon missions are part of creating that image.” What is so unique about this mission Chandrayaan-2 is a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">relatively inexpensive mission</a> when compared to the other space missions. The cost of the mission is less than $150 million, which is cheaper than what was spent to make the Hollywood film ‘Interstellar’ in 2014. Also, the Moon’s South Pole is a highly interesting topic as it can reveal the possibility of the presence of <a href="https://businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">ice and water in moon</a>. It could <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">enhance our knowledge</a> of inhabiting the moon and also making fuel for the missions that would explore Mars. Scientists are also keenly looking for deposits of helium-3 on the moon which is one of the prospective energy sources for the earth in the future. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chinas-lunar-rover-does-what-indias-chandrayaan-2-is-hoping-to-do-on-the-moons-south-pole/articleshow/70942638.cms">China’s lunar rover does what India’s Chandrayaan 2 is hoping to do on the Moon’s South Pole</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Chandrayaan 2 is not just looking for water on the moon</a> <a href="https://businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a>

India has a lot to prove to the world with Chandrayaan 2's success

Ahead of the launch of India's maiden human spaceflight venture '<keyword id="6797456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</keyword>' in December 2021, the Indian Space Research Organisation will undertake two unmanned missions in December 2020 and June 2021, ISRO chairman K Sivan said on Wednesday. Addressing the inaugural session of a symposium on "Human Spaceflight and Exploration - Present Challenges and Future Trends," Sivan said the Gaganyaan mission not only aims at India's maiden human flight to the space but also setting up a new space station for 'continuous space human presence'. "We are doing all this (Gaganyaan) on three points - short term plan of two unmanned mission in December 2020 and June 2021, followed by human space flight demonstration in December 2021. We have the mid term goal of sustaining the human space programme and continuous space human presence in space on a new space station", he said. In this regard, the ISRO has initiated a full-fledged astronaut training facility in close proximity to Bengaluru for meeting its future requirements. The space agency is also in talks with NASA and other space agencies and industries on how it can collaborate on human space flight and learn from their experience. The Gaganyaan will also assist in ISRO's long term goal of inter-planetary mission. "Inter-planetary mission is also on the agenda in the long term," the ISRO Chief said. On Gaganyaan mission, Sivan said the space agency has already developed and demonstrated key technologies such as having an operational launcher with 10-tonne playload capability to lower orbit, demonstration ofmission design and management, and recovery system like space qualified parachutes. "The only missing element were human life science and life support system, which we are developing now," he said. ISRO, Sivan said, has taken onboard many national labs, academic institutions, DRDO labs, Indian Air Force, CSIR Labas well as many industries as stakeholders for Gaganyaanprogramme. Noting that the astronauts have been selected from a pool of Indian Air Force test pilots, Sivan said the generic space flight training will commence in India shortly. A mission specific training will be carried out in India using a host of simulators and other facilities, he added. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/budget-2020-isro-needs-rs-666-cr-for-chandrayaan-3/articleshow/73462546.cms">Exploring space is expensive — and ISRO needs more money from the 2020 Union Budget</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/chandrayaan-3-and-gaganyaan-top-priorities-for-isro-in-2020/articleshow/73063629.cms">India's second mission to land on the Moon, Chandrayaan 3, confirmed by ISRO chief</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/madhavans-rocketry-isro-spy-case-nambi-narayan-gets-1-3-compensation/articleshow/72991747.cms">An Indian rocket scientist lost 25 years falsely accused of being a spy— now he will get $180,000 as compensation</a>

ISRO will send two unmmaned missions into space before Gaganyaan

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery/Mars__atmosphere.jpg">NASA</a></div></div></div>On Monday, the space agencies of India and France signed a letter of intent stating that the two will collaborate on India's next mission to Mars, <a href="http://spacenews.com/france-will-play-a-role-in-indias-next-mission-to-mars/">SpaceNews reported</a>.This mission, which is scheduled to launch in 2020 and would involve sending a satellite into orbit around the Red Planet, will mark India's second mission to Mars in history.While the 2020 orbiter will not set a lander on Mars' surface, the president of French space agency National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) Jean-Yves Le Gall said a lander mission might not be far off for India."After India's Mars orbiter, the next step has to be a lander. A lander on Mars is not easy, but it will be interesting to undertake," Le Gall told <a href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-next-mars-mission-will-have-french-connection-1270182">NDTV</a>.When Le Gall says that sending a lander to Mars "is not easy," he's not kidding.In the history of deep space exploration, only <a href="http://www.space.com/12404-mars-explored-landers-rovers-1971.html">three space agencies</a> have attempted a Mars lander: the Soviet Space Program, NASA, and the European Space Agency (ESA).Of those three, NASA is the only agency who's had landers that functioned for longer than 15 seconds after touchdown. In fact, NASA's latest lander, the Curiosity rover, just celebrated <a href="http://www.space.com/31735-opportunity-rover-12-years-mars.html">12 years of exploration</a> on the surface.Needless to say, sending a lander to Mars is a major undertaking. But with a partner like CNES, India might just pull it off.Founded in 1961, CNES <a href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/scientific-diplomacy/events/article/france-at-the-heart-of-the-rosetta">has helped design and build</a> the technology for such groundbreaking missions as ESA's Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and its Philae lander <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNES#Ongoing_missions">as well as</a> the Cassini-Huygens mission, which included an atmospheric probe - Huygens - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)">that landed</a> on Saturn's moon, Titan. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bizarre-spots-enceladus-saturn-unexplained-science-tech-nasa-space-moon-2016-1">Scientists can't explain these mysterious spots on one of Saturn's most remarkable moons</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="A1ZDlkMDE61sQQ4wA7LzMTN78hxSS68y" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

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You Searched For "Space mission India" and got 14 results

India's journey through space missions and milestones

Kapil Yadav

Modi offers India's cost-effective technology but only to 'friendly' nations

Prabhjote Gill

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PTI

France just announced plans to help India land on Mars for the first time

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10 missions before Chandrayaan-3 that define mankind’s quest to explore the moon