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<keyword id="20021374" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sriharikota" source="keywords">Sriharikota</keyword>: <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> on Friday launched its third and final <keyword id="22763595" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="developmental-flight" source="keywords">developmental flight</keyword>, <keyword id="22803030" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Small-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle-D3" source="keywords">Small Satellite Launch Vehicle-D3</keyword>, carrying <keyword id="21767253" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Earth-Observation-Satellite" source="keywords">Earth Observation Satellite</keyword> EOS-08. The rocket lifted off majestically from the first launch pad at the <keyword id="20021373" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Satish-Dhawan-Space-Centre" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Satish Dhawan Space Centre" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> here, situated about 135 km east of Chennai at a pre-fixed time of 9.17 am. The objectives of the SSLV-D3-EOS-08 mission include designing and developing a microsatellite and creating payload instruments compatible with the microsatellite bus, the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said. Built on the Microsat/IMS-1 bus, EOS-08 carries three payloads--Electro Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR), Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry payload (GNSS-R) and SiC UV Dosimeter. The EOIR payload is designed to capture images in the Mid-Wave IR (MIR) and Long-Wave IR (LWIR) bands, both during the day and night, for applications such as satellite-based surveillance, disaster monitoring, environmental monitoring, fire detection, volcanic activity observation and industrial and power plant disaster monitoring. The GNSS-R payload demonstrates the capability of using GNSS-R-based remote sensing for applications such as ocean surface wind analysis, soil moisture assessment, cryosphere studies over the Himalayan region, flood detection, and inland waterbody detection. The SiC UV Dosimeter monitors UV irradiance at the viewport of the Crew Module in the Gaganyaan Mission and serves as a high-dose alarm sensor for gamma radiation.

ISRO's final developmental flight lifts off from Sriharikota spaceport

Perth: (The Conversation) Last week, three tiny Australian satellites from Curtin University's <keyword id="23932163" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Binar-Space-Program" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Binar Space Program" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Binar Space Program">Binar Space Program</keyword> burned up in Earth's atmosphere. That was always going to happen. In fact, Binar means "fireball" in the Noongar language of the First Nations people of Perth. When a satellite is in low Earth orbit (2,000km or less), it experiences orbital decay as it drags closer and closer to the surface, eventually burning up. But these cube satellites (<keyword id="21533654" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="CubeSats" source="keywords">CubeSats</keyword>), known as Binar-2, 3 and 4, entered the atmosphere much sooner than originally planned. They only lasted for two months - a third of what was expected. This significantly reduced valuable time for science and testing new systems. The reason for their untimely demise? Our Sun has kicked into high gear, and the Binar satellites are far from the only casualty. Recent high <keyword id="20792842" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Solar-activity" source="keywords">solar activity</keyword> has been causing an unexpected headache for satellite operators in the last few years, and it's only increasing. <h2>Why is the Sun so active? </h2> Solar activity includes phenomena such as sunspots, solar flares and solar wind - the stream of charged particles that flows toward Earth. This activity is a product of the Sun's ever-changing magnetic field, and approximately every 11 years, it completely flips. At the midpoint of this cycle, solar activity is at its highest. While this cycle is known, specific solar activity is challenging to predict - the dynamics are complex and solar forecasting is in its infancy. In the last few months, indicators of solar activity were more than one and a half times higher than predictions for this point in the current cycle, labelled <keyword id="22712826" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-cycle-25" source="keywords">solar cycle 25</keyword>. <h2>The impact of <keyword id="20087207" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-weather" source="keywords">space weather</keyword> </h2> Space weather refers to the environmental effects that originate from outside our atmosphere (mostly the Sun). It affects us on Earth in a variety of noticeable and unnoticeable ways. The most obvious is the presence of auroras. In the past few months, auroras have been visible far more intensely and closer to the equator than in the last two decades. This is a direct result of the increased solar activity. Space weather, and solar activity in particular, also creates additional challenges for satellites and satellite operators. Higher solar activity means more solar flares and stronger solar wind - resulting in a higher flux of charged particles that can damage or disrupt electrical components on satellites. It also means an increase in ionising radiation, resulting in a higher dose for astronauts and pilots, and potential disruptions to long-distance radio communications. But for satellites in low Earth orbit, the most consistent effect of solar activity is that the extra energy gets absorbed into the outer atmosphere, causing it to balloon outward. As a result, all satellites less than 1,000km from Earth experience a significant increase in <keyword id="23473319" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="atmospheric-drag" source="keywords">atmospheric drag</keyword>. This is a force that disrupts their orbit and causes them to fall towards the planet's surface. Notable satellites in this region include the International Space Station and the Starlink constellation. These satellites have thrusters to counteract this effect, but these corrections can be expensive. Low Earth orbit also contains many university satellites, such as the Binar CubeSats. Cube satellites are rarely equipped with tools that can adjust their altitude, so they're entirely at the mercy of space weather. <h2>What happened to Binar? </h2> The Binar Space Program is a satellite research program operating out of Curtin University. It aims to advance our understanding of the Solar System and lower the barrier for operating in space. The program began operations with its first satellite, Binar-1, in September 2021. This was less than a year into solar cycle 25 when solar activity was relatively low. In these conditions, the ten-centimetre cube satellite started at an altitude of 420km and survived a full 364 days in orbit. The program's follow-up mission - Binar-2, 3, and 4 - were three equally sized CubeSats. However, they were expected to last approximately six months owing to the extra surface area from new deployable solar arrays and a forecast increase in solar activity. Instead, they only made it to two months before burning up. While cube satellite missions are relatively cheap, the premature ending of a mission will always be costly. This is even more true for commercial satellites, highlighting the need for more accurate space weather forecasting. The good news is the Sun will calm down again. Despite the current unexpectedly high solar activity, it will likely slow down by 2026, and is expected to return to a solar minimum in 2030. While this was not an explicit goal of the mission, the Binar Space Program has now poignantly demonstrated the dramatic effects of solar activity on space operations. While the untimely loss of Binar-2, 3 and 4 was unfortunate, work has already begun on future missions. They are expected to launch into far more forgiving space weather. (The Conversation).

Right now, the Sun is far more active than predicted - and small satellites are paying the price

The <keyword id="23021375" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="domestic-passenger-vehicle-industry" source="keywords">domestic passenger vehicle industry</keyword> volumes declined by low single digit in August 2024 as compared with August 2023, because of weak retail demand trends and higher <keyword id="21396778" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="inventory-levels" source="keywords">inventory levels</keyword> at the dealerships according to Kotak Institutional Equities. The report suggests that the major reason for the sluggishness in sales of tractors is the uneven spatial distribution of rainfall, particularly in northern and eastern regions. It also highlights that growth will pick up in the coming months on the back of <keyword id="23021373" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="improved-monsoon" source="keywords">improved monsoon</keyword> conditions. The upcoming festive season will also improve the situation as traditionally it is a peak period for auto sales. Strong festive demand could help offset some of the losses experienced in the first half of the fiscal year. The weak wholesale figures in August were driven by private vehicles (PV), commercial vehicles (CV) and tractor original equipment manufacturers (OEM). Retail sales declined in single digits (yoy) for most of the companies. The PV segment saw a low single-digit decline in domestic wholesale volumes year-on-year (YoY) in August 2024, driven by weak retail demand and elevated inventory levels at dealerships, which stood at approximately 70 days. The retail sales fell by mid-single digits YoY during the month. Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL), the largest player in the segment, reported a 4 per cent YoY drop in total volumes, including a 5 per cent decline in domestic sales but it was partially offset by a 6 per cent rise in the export volumes. MSIL's wholesale market share is estimated to have slipped by 250 basis points YoY to approximately 40.5-4 per cent says the report. Other major players also faced challenges in sales. Tata Motors recorded a 3 per cent YoY decrease in PV volumes, while Hyundai Motors reported an 8 per cent drop. However, Mahindra &amp; Mahindra (M&amp;M) bucked the trend with a 16 per cent YoY increase in PV volumes, and Toyota India posted a significant 37 per cent YoY growth on low volumes. Kia and MG Motors also experienced an uptick in sales. The two-wheeler (2W) segment showed resilience with high single-digit YoY growth in domestic wholesale volumes, largely driven by channel filling ahead of the festive season. Retail sales of the internal combustion engine (ICE) two-wheelers grew by mid-single digits YoY, while electric two-wheeler (EV 2W) sales surged by 41 per cent YoY, propelled by new mass-market EV launches and attractive discounts. Among the key players, Hero MotoCorp (HMCL) saw a 5 per cent YoY rise in volumes, and TVS Motor reported a robust 14 per cent YoY increase, with growth in both domestic and export segments. Bajaj Auto's volumes grew by 18 per cent YoY, driven primarily by domestic sales. However, Royal Enfield faced a 5 per cent YoY decline in volumes. Going forward, the report highlighted that the Commercial Vehicle (CV) segment underperformed during the month, with domestic volumes declining by low double digits YoY, primarily due to weakness in the Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicle (MHCV) truck and Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) segments. Tata Motors experienced a 15 per cent YoY drop in domestic CV volumes, with sharp declines in Small Commercial Vehicle (SCV) cargo (down 23 per cent) and MHCV trucks (down 15 per cent). Ashok Leyland also reported a 7 per cent YoY decline in CV volumes, while VE Commercial Vehicles (VECV) managed a modest 1 per cent YoY increase. In August, the domestic tractor segment remained flat YoY with volumes coming in 5-6 per cent. During this period, M&amp;M's tractor volumes grew by 1 per cent YoY, while Escort Kubota's volumes remained unchanged compared to the same period last year. The report says that strong festive demand could help offset some of the losses experienced in the first half of the fiscal year, particularly if economic conditions and consumer sentiment improve.

Auto Industry sales to surge on the back of improved monsoon, festive season demands: Report

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Baiju Bhatt, the cofounder of trading app Robinhood, has a new space startup.</li><li>Aetherflux aims to launch a constellation of satellites to transmit solar power to Earth using infrared lasers.</li></ul>When Baiju Bhatt co-founded the stock trading app <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/robinhood-collapse-what-happened-retail-investing-meme-stocks-future-finance-2022-2">Robinhood</a> in 2013 with his college best friend, Vlad Tenev, the aim was to "democratize finance for all."Robinhood's no-fee, gamified approach to investing made capital markets more accessible than ever before, leading to an IPO in 2021.After over a decade at the company, Bhatt stood down as Robinhood's chief creative officer in March to pursue what was described at the time as "other entrepreneurial interests."In October, Bhatt announced he was launching Aetherflux, a Silicon Valley-based space startup.Aetherflux aims to create a constellation of satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) that will collect solar power and beam it down to receptors on Earth using infrared lasers.Just as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-starlink-spacex-satellite-internet-business-constellation-fleet-elon-musk-mars">Elon Musk's Starlink</a> constellation has transformed communications, Bhatt hopes Aetherflux will revolutionize energy, he told Business Insider in an interview.The receptors will be just 10 meters in diameter, Bhatt said, meaning they can be placed virtually anywhere and theoretically provide power to remote locations that would otherwise be too expensive or dangerous to reach."If we succeed, we unlock a renewable energy source for humanity that can be delivered virtually anywhere," he wrote in a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/allow-me-re-introduce-myself-baiju-bhatt-nu1ic/?trackingId=xecx1MNjQxGa6fapJvT2fA%3D%3D">LinkedIn post</a> announcing Aetherflux.If it works, far more solar power can be captured in orbit than through the atmosphere at ground level, and there would be no nighttime or weather disruptions to the power source. It would also free up land used for solar farms on Earth.Aetherflux plans to start by powering military operations in remote locations or remote mining operations, Bhatt said.<div type="image" title="A profile of Baiju Bhatt smiling in a black t-shirt in front of a beige background." height="3553" width="5324" msid="114432481" hostid="261" sizebytes="611312"></div>Bhatt hopes that a single receptor will one day be able to capture enough power for a small neighborhood of homes. He added that they'd need around 100 satellites to provide continuous power to one location.The idea of space-based solar power has existed for decades, but theories have generally rested on large constructions being sent into orbit and using microwaves to transmit energy.In January 2023, the California Institute of Technology launched a solar space-power demonstrator satellite into orbit for a yearlong mission to test out a range of potential approaches.Caltech's president, Thomas F. Rosenbaum, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/space-solar-power-project-ends-first-in-space-mission-with-successes-and-lessons">said the project</a> had shown them that solar power beamed from space "is still a future prospect" but that it "should be an achievable future."Aetherflux wants to do things differently by using infrared lasers and a modular approach.The science has already been demonstrated; it's just going to be an engineering and economic feat to prove it can be done from space, Bhatt said.To begin with, Aetherflux plans to send a single satellite into orbit by the first quarter of 2026 to demonstrate that solar energy transmission is possible.<h2 id="f76e6857-d783-49d8-94bf-ab950b9759df">The right time to be in space</h2>Though the career jump from finance to the space industry may seem unusual, Bhatt said space has been his "lifelong calling."NASA was a part of Bhatt's childhood. His father moved to the US from India to pursue physics and got a job at NASA's Langley Research Center in the 1990s studying atmospheric sciences.With a bachelor's in physics and a master's in mathematics, both from Stanford, Bhatt thought he'd be a physicist too. So, Robinhood was a "bit of a detour," he told BI.He is still a board member but has stepped back from day-to-day operations.One lesson Bhatt said he learned from running the trading app was how powerful capitalism could be in accelerating innovation."If you can take a problem that's been stagnating and you can create a capitalist system around it where people can make money doing something, you'll see the rate of progress really speed up," he said.<div type="image" title="Baiju Bhatt (right) and Vlad Tenev, founders of the online brokerage Robinhood." height="4160" width="6240" msid="114432476" hostid="261" sizebytes="601100"></div>After meeting with people working on power for DARPA at the beginning of this year and seeing the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-spacex-starship-launch-five-huge-deal-space-travel-2024-10">timeline Starship is on</a>, Bhatt decided that the best opportunities were now in space.Since 2009, the sum of private investments in space startups has soared from essentially nothing to $327.3 billion, according to the latest "<a target="_blank" href="https://spacecapital.docsend.com/view/9d69zpfz4ddms3ry">Space Investment Quarterly</a>" report published by venture capital and angel-investment firm Space Angels.The industry's value is expected to continue booming. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/aerospace-and-defense/our-insights/space-the-1-point-8-trillion-dollar-opportunity-for-global-economic-growth">McKinsey</a> estimates that the global space economy will be worth $1.8 trillion by 2035, accounting for inflation, up from $630 billion in 2023."It's hard to find something more exciting and impactful than space," said Matthew Weinzierl, a professor of the economics of space at Harvard Business School and coauthor of the upcoming book "Space to Grow.""This really is a new frontier, one where technological innovation can create new markets and solve real problems, often in ways we haven't thought of before," he said.Weinzierl said that in the past two decades, the US government has created pathways for commercial players, enabling market forces to take hold."Prices to orbit have dropped, launch availability has soared, and a wave of entrepreneurs are finding new ways to create value," he said.<div type="image" title="SpaceX's Super Heavy booster as it returned to its launch site, with the sun rising in the background." height="1031" width="1920" msid="114432482" hostid="261" sizebytes="52022"></div>With so many more commercially available products, space has <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starship-launch-success-elon-musk-vision-cheap-space-travel-closer-2024-3#:~:text=%22With%20Starship%2C%20SpaceX%20is%20poised,in%20an%20email%20on%20Thursday.">never been cheaper</a>.Aetherflux is an example of how companies are using off-the-shelf solutions to speed up development. Its satellites are purchased readymade from satellite bus provider <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/palmer-luckey-anduril-apex-defense-tech-space-satellite-surveillance-2024-10">Apex</a>, the high-powered lasers it plans to use are commercially available, and it'll be using <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch">SpaceX</a> as a launch partner for its 2026 mission."The part that we're building is the actual optical design, the control systems, and the power transmission link, as well as the ground station," said Bhatt.<h2 id="5dda5318-030a-431a-91ff-f205b537a068">The future of Aetherflux</h2>When he spoke with BI, Bhatt had just moved into a lab facility in the Bay Area. With a team of 10 employees, he will begin iterating ground tests, developing the system design, and working with regulators.He's self-funding the project "completely," he told BI. As one of Robinhood's cofounders, Bhatt's net worth spiked after its IPO in 2021. He is worth around $1.7 billion, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/baiju-bhatt/">Forbes reports.</a>Although access to space has become more routine and affordable, Weinzierl said there is still a lot of uncertainty around the industry. Some of the ideas and businesses being developed today won't survive, but they'll be "the foundation that tomorrow's entrepreneurs will learn from and build on," he said.A self-proclaimed science nerd, Bhatt named his startup after a 19th-century theory about a pervasive medium called the aether, which physicists believed light traveled through."Einstein came along in 1905 and was basically like, nah, that stuff's all wrong. Light is the same in every reference frame," said Bhatt.So Aetherflux is named after a disproven scientific theory? Yes, Bhatt agreed with amusement. But he's "laser-focused" on the first mission and adamant that Aetherflux won't fall into the same bracket as its namesake."Space is hard," he admitted, "but we're committed to demonstrating this and making it happen."

Robinhood's cofounder has joined the rapidly growing commercial space race, and wants to beam solar power from satellites to earth

Italian <keyword id="19946118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="luxury" source="keywords">luxury</keyword> carmaker <keyword id="20673655" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Maserati" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Maserati" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Maserati">Maserati</keyword> believes <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword> has the potential to be among its top ten global markets in the mid term with the country's <keyword id="20041662" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="entrepreneurs" source="keywords">entrepreneurs</keyword> driving its sales, according to the company's Head of Overseas Markets, <keyword id="22976712" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="philippe-claverol" source="keywords">Philippe Claverol</keyword>. The company, which on Friday launched its <keyword id="22975850" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="granturismo" source="keywords">GranTurismo</keyword> model with prices starting at Rs 2.72 crore, is also studying the feasibility of introducing its <keyword id="19906970" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="electric-vehicle" source="keywords">electric vehicle</keyword> range in India. "Maserati is a luxury brand, so we don't look at huge volume for us. A big market for us is a market where we sell 500 cars a year... but I think in mid term, in few years, I think in India, we can reach this kind of 500 (units a year)," Claverol told PTI here on the sidelines of the launch. He, however, said volume isn't "an objective in itself" for Maserati. He further said,"I know who are the top markets of Maserati worldwide. I think India can become one of the top 10 markets for Maserati in the mid term." Currently, North America, Italy, Switzerland, China, Japan, Australia, Taiwan and the UAE are the top global markets for Maserati and India with less than 50 units sold last year is still a small market, he added. Yet, Claverol said, India is an important market for Maserati. "It is a land of entrepreneurs. A vast majority, 80 per cent of our customers in India are entrepreneurs," he said. Also, India is a country with a lot of appreciation for luxury products, he said, adding "we feel that there is a good match". In order to enhance its presence in India, Maserati is expanding sales network, he said. Maserati already has a <keyword id="20400384" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="dealership" source="keywords">dealership</keyword> in Mumbai and opened a new one on Friday here in the national capital and will open one in Bengaluru later this year, Claverol said. "We see that the North India market is bigger actually than the Mumbai market and we also think that Bengaluru is the third pillar. This dealership expansion is also because we want to go where the markets are in terms of volume," he said. Asked about plans for launching electric vehicles in India, Claverol said Maserati has the electric version of the conventional engine models under the Folgore range globally and the company will study the feasibility of bringing it in India. "We will, with our partners, start to look at how is the market, how to train our people, how to train the technicians, how to analyse, how to build the right offer, the pricing, the charging solution, and so on, and then, once we will be ready, we will look at the pricing, and we will obviously try to launch the Folgore range as well," he said. Asked about the timeline for a possible launch of the electric range, he said,"The sooner, the better. The cars are available."

India has potential to be in Maserati's top 10 global markets in mid term: Co-official

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Chinese researchers believe submarine-fired lasers could destroy satellites.</li><li>A laser could target more of the growing satellite networks essential to military operations.</li></ul>Chinese scientists claim that it's possible to destroy satellites — including SpaceX's Starlink system — using lasers mounted on submarines.American experts question the feasibility of mounting a power-hungry energy weapon on a sub. But China and other potential American adversaries are looking for ways to destroy or degrade the satellite-based communications and targeting that has given the US military an edge, and researchers at the Chinese navy's Submarine Academy are confident that the submarines are the answer."A submarine with a megawatt-class, solid-state, laser weapon installed in its midsection could stay submerged while it raised a retractable, 'optoelectronic mast' to fire at satellites, before diving back down to depth," according to Hong Kong's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3270890/china-could-attack-starlink-satellites-">South China Morning Post</a>, citing the study, which was published in the Chinese defense magazine "Command Control &amp; Simulation."The Chinese researchers contrasted this approach with current <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-could-blind-us-with-nuclear-space-weapon-ex-cia-director-2024-2">anti-satellite weapons</a>, which use ground-fired rockets to launch what is essentially a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2022-03/features/russias-anti-satellite-weapons-asymmetric-response-us-aerospace-superiority">killer satellite</a> that destroys its prey with an explosive warhead or projectile. The US government recently warned that Russia is also developing an anti-satellite with a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/16/politics/russia-nuclear-space-weapon-intelligence/index.html">nuclear warhead</a>. A laser, by contrast, offers the potential to fire at many space targets but also comes with the many complexities of submarine operations.These technologies, which began in the 1950s, were conceived for an era when satellites were big, expensive and few in number. They remain a threat to sophisticated spy and communications satellites, but the advent of cheap, expendable swarms of communications satellites, such as the Starlink commercial network, has vastly complicated anti-satellite efforts."Taking the satellites launched by the Starlink program as an example, they are numerous, densely packed and small in size, making the satellite network extremely resilient," the study noted. "Even if a significant number of satellites are destroyed, there are redundancies to replace them. Therefore, using missiles to attack such satellites is highly inefficient."Satellite swarms are becoming a crucial part of warfare. They have enabled Ukraine, for example, to provide connectivity for its forces when existing Internet and satellite communications facilities were destroyed. Thus, there's a need for destroying or disabling many small satellites in low-Earth orbit.Chinese researchers envision the solution as flotillas of mass-produced laser subs that could be dispatched to oceans around the world. They would wait for tracking data from other non-submarine platforms to determine when a target satellite is overhead."When the satellite enters the attackable range, the laser weapon is raised. Due to the limitations of the submarine's detection equipment, other forces are required to provide satellite position guidance for the submarine to attack the satellite. After the attack is completed, the submarine can submerge and wait for the next mission or return to the home port."In addition to destroying satellites, these subs could also blast aircraft or land targets such as radars and oil refineries. The Chinese researchers estimated that "a modest 150-kilowatt laser weapon on a submarine can damage the photoelectric detection equipment on an anti-submarine aircraft in one-fifth of a second, with an effective range of more than 20 kilometers [12 miles]," the Post said. "Continuous firing could also penetrate the aircraft's fuselage."Laser subs could also shield China's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-tests-new-sub-launched-ballistic-missile-reports-2018-12">ballistic missile submarines</a> from detection. "The escorting submarine can first use the laser weapon to interfere with or destroy overhead satellites in the sea area, making it difficult for the enemy's space-based surveillance system to function, thereby achieving the concealment of missile launches."In 2019, the US Navy put out a <a target="_blank" href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/laser-submarines-paradigm-change-us-navy-189572">research solicitation</a> for electrical connectors that would allow submarines to transmit power — through the sub's hull — to an externally mounted <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/dragonfire-uk-test-fired-laser-shoot-drones-defense-2024-1">laser</a>. American submarines needed a towed power source to accomplish this, the Navy said at the time.Still, the idea of a sub-mounted anti-satellite laser leaves American experts cold. "The submarine would have to be designed from the ground up to generate the many, many megawatts of electricity to power a laser shooting at an object 200-300 miles up, and that delivers about 10 kilowatts on target," Chris Carlson, a former Defense Intelligence Agency naval analyst, told Business Insider. "That would require an incredibly huge amount of volume."Submarines would also have trouble aiming lasers. "A submarine at periscope depth is anything but a stable firing platform," Carlson said. "Just a little wiggle in pitch, roll, or yaw will yank the beam off target." In addition, targeting data would have to be transmitted to the sub so that it can assume a firing position when the satellite is overhead."Communications with a submerged submarine are difficult," said Carlson. "And after alerting the sub, it would still have to raise a mast with a data link to the tracking sensor before a separate tracking laser on the sub itself could acquire the target and point the laser weapon in the right direction.""There are lots of ways for this to go wrong," Carlson said.Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds an MA in political science from Rutgers Univ. Follow him on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.twitter.com/@mipeck1">Twitter</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mipeck/">LinkedIn</a>.

Chinese scientists claim Star Wars-like laser submarines can blast US satellites 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Starship Technologies filed trademarks for "Starship" and "Robovan" before SpaceX and Tesla did.</li><li>The robotics startup made trademark filings in 2015 and 2017 respectively, which were approved in 2019.</li></ul>Robotic startup Starship Technologies has a few things in common with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk">Elon Musk's</a> rocket company, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-elon-musk">SpaceX,</a> and EV giant <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla">Tesla</a>.Besides sharing the same name as SpaceX's spacecraft, the company also has a trademark for "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-we-know-about-teslas-new-robovan-so-far-2024-10">Robovan</a>" — the name Tesla has chosen for its self-driving cargo van. The company specializes in autonomous delivery robots.When asked about Tesla's Robovan, a spokesperson for Starship said in an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-debuts-robovan-chinese-company-vehicle-with-same-name-2024-10">email</a> to Business Insider on October 11 that the Robovan "was a great idea when we came up with it 7 years ago."To be sure, Starship's Robovan isn't a self-driving vehicle like Tesla's. Musk first showcased the Tesla Robovan on October 10 in Burbank, California, during Tesla's "We, Robot" event.In a 2016 YouTube video, Starship described its Robovan as a vehicle designed to store and deploy its autonomous delivery robots."Starship is a great name too; we also had that first and trademarked it," the spokesperson wrote in the same email.According to United States Patent and Trademark Office records, Starship filed trademarks for "Starship" and "Robovan" in July 2015 and July 2017, respectively.Both applications were successfully registered in May 2019 and April 2019, respectively.SpaceX filed a trademark for "Starship" in March 2023, though it has not been approved as of press time.SpaceX's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=97838705&amp;caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&amp;caseType=DEFAULT&amp;searchType=statusSearch">application</a> was filed under three use cases — rockets and their structural parts, rocket launching platforms, and scale or toy models of rockets, satellites, and launch pads.Starship's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=86697278&amp;caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&amp;caseType=DEFAULT&amp;searchType=statusSearch">application</a> was made concerning the transport, delivery, and shipping of goods.In fact, SpaceX and Starship Technologies aren't the only companies that have filed trademarks using the word "Starship."The New Belgium Brewing Company, a Colorado-headquartered brewery, made a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=86959266&amp;caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&amp;caseType=DEFAULT&amp;searchType=statusSearch">filing</a> for a flavor of beer in March 2016. Then, in August 2023, NYC Harbor Tours made a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=98157703&amp;caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&amp;caseType=DEFAULT&amp;searchType=statusSearch">filing</a> for a cruise tour of the same name.Starship's "Robovan" <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=79229374&amp;caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&amp;caseType=DEFAULT&amp;searchType=statusSearch">application</a> was filed under five use cases — gears and enclosed drives for industrial machinery, land vehicles, online transportation logistics services, transport and delivery of goods, as well as for non-downloadable software that enables shippers to manage pick-ups and deliveries.Tesla has yet to file a trademark for "Robovan" with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.Musk's company, X, has separately run into some trademark issues.In October 2023, a legal marketing agency called X Social Media sued Musk's social media platform X in federal court in Florida. Musk <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-reach-agreement-to-close-acquisition-deal-2022-10">bought Twitter</a> in October 2022 and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/history-behind-elon-musk-x-brand-that-may-replace-twitter-2023-7">renamed it X</a> in July 2023."The media coverage and attention generated by the launch has quickly caused reverse confusion and led consumers to believe that X Social Media's advertising services are being offered by or are associated with X Corp," the company said in its lawsuit.A Florida federal judge declined to dismiss the lawsuit in July.Also in July, a PR firm named Multiply filed a similar lawsuit in California federal court.In a statement to Reuters, a spokesperson for Multiply accused Musk of "shamelessly" stealing "the established identity of our social media and PR agency."Representatives for Tesla and SpaceX did not respond to requests for comment from BI sent outside regular business hours.

A small robotics company says Elon Musk's 'Robovan' and 'Starship' are great names — except it got trademarks for them first

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Internet satellite networks re-entering the atmosphere en masse could damage the ozone layer, a study warns.</li><li>Elon Musk's Starlink is by far the biggest player in this field.</li></ul>Internet satellite networks like Elon Musk's Starlink could contribute toward the depletion of the ozone layer, a new study claims.Scientists at the University of Southern California's Department of Astronautical Engineering warned that the massive increase in low-earth orbit internet satellites could lead to damaging chemical reactions in the atmosphere.There are currently more than 8,000 internet satellites in low-earth orbit, of which about 6,000 are Starlink ones, <a target="_blank" href="https://news.agu.org/press-release/satellite-megaconstellations-burn-deplete-ozone/">a press statement said</a>.All are made with large amounts of aluminum and designed with a short, roughly five-year lifespan, it added.The problem comes when the satellites fall into Earth's atmosphere to burn up, producing aluminum oxide, the scientists said, triggering a chemical reaction that's highly destructive to the ozone.The study, published last week in the peer-reviewed <a target="_blank" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GL109280">Geophysical Research Letters journal</a>, found that the presence of the oxides increased roughly eightfold between 2016 and 2022 — and could surge far more with current satellite launch plans.SpaceX has plans to launch <a target="_blank" href="https://spacenews.com/spacex-submits-paperwork-for-30000-more-starlink-satellites/">another 42,000</a> Starlink satellites, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellites.html">according to Space.com</a>. Other companies, including Amazon, have plans to launch thousands more of their own, the study's authors said.Worse, the oxides aren't consumed by the action, so the effect could last for decades as the particles drift down, they added.In 2022, 18.7 tons of aluminum oxide nanoparticles were released into the atmosphere by falling satellites, they said.Looking ahead to planned satellite launches, this could increase to as much as 397 tons a year and could lead to "significant ozone depletion," according to the study.<h2 id="69ce32d4-efc0-45a2-8694-c594db1f7caa">A revolution in high-speed internet</h2>The system of placing many small satellites in low-earth orbit enables faster processing of larger volumes of data.Earlier satellites operated much higher up — at a cost to internet speeds — but had a much longer lifespan.<div type="image" title="starlink satellite internet network links terminals ground stations mark handley youtube 00007" height="1080" width="1920" msid="111089333" hostid="261"></div><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch">Elon Musk started SpaceX,</a> Starlink's parent company, in 2002, building it to be one of the biggest players in the space industry.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-watch-live-starlink-internet-satellites-rocket-launch-2019-5">The first launch</a> carrying experimental Starlink satellites was in 2019. Since then, the launches have continued, forming a mesh-like mega constellation that has helped meet the massive demand for fast global internet access — notably in Ukraine, where the technology has been vital to the country's defense communications.Starlink's X account <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/Starlink/status/1792678386353213567">said in May</a> that it serves three million internet customers across 100 countries and territories.<h2 id="4fcef900-511e-40e5-adbe-b568adc98f9a">Hitting pause on a rare success story</h2><div type="image" title="A still from a European Space Agency video showing a multicoloured visualization of the ozone layer over the earth's globe, with Antarctica visible through a massive hole, as of September 28, 2023." height="522" width="1000" msid="111089336" hostid="261"></div>In the 1970s, it was found that the widespread use of chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, was producing a massive hole in the ozone layer.A 1987 ban on CFCs helped slow the process, and by 2013, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Is_the_ozone_layer_on_the_road_to_recovery">authorities were projecting</a> that the ozone layer would repair itself within a few decades.It was a rare success story among a clutch of global climate-related issues.But this progress could now be stalled, the USC scientists said."Unanticipated growth of aluminum oxides may push pause on the ozone success story in decades to come," they wrote.In 2023, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Ozone_hole_goes_large_again">observers at the European Space Agency noted</a> that the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica was roughly three times the size of Brazil and was "one of the biggest on record."At the time, the agency said it was too early to know the cause, and did not mention satellite burn-up among the potential factors.Starlink did not immediately respond to Business Insider's request for comment, sent outside of office hours.

Elon Musk's Starlink satellites could burn up the ozone layer, scientists warn

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Ukraine launched an attack on Russia's Morozovsk airbase over the weekend.</li><li>It said the strikes destroyed a Russian aircraft that can drop glide bombs and likely damaged more.</li></ul>Ukraine on Monday said it destroyed a Russian warplane capable of launching devastating glide bombs in long-range strikes on an airbase over the weekend.Ukraine's military intelligence agency <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://t.me/DIUkraine/4216">published satellite images</a> showing the aftermath of a strike on Saturday at Russia's Morozovsk airbase, located some 165 miles from the front lines. Kyiv initially said it hit facilities storing glide bombs and other munitions.The new imagery revealed extensive damage to the airbase, including craters, scorch marks, burned ground, and other debris caused by the explosions and ensuing fires. Ukraine appeared to carry out the attack with drones.According to the Ukrainian Main Directorate of Intelligence, an arm of the country's defense ministry, also known as the HUR, the attack destroyed one Su-34 fighter-bomber and likely damaged two more. The aircraft can be clearly seen in the imagery.<div type="image" title="Ukraine's military intelligence agency published a satellite image showing what it says is a destroyed Russian Su-34 aircraft." height="944" width="1280" msid="112296261" hostid="261" sizebytes="100520"></div>Russia's Su-34 fighter-bombers are capable of launching glide bombs, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/defeating-russia-new-glide-bomb-means-risking-ukraines-patriot-systems-2024-7">highly destructive munitions</a> that have been wreaking havoc on Ukrainian cities and troop positions.Glide bombs are equipped with special kits that convert dumb bombs into precision-guided munitions. These weapons come in various sizes and are in heavy use by the Russians. Among them is a bomb weighing over 6,000 pounds that delivers tremendous destruction on impact. The glide bombs are <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-massive-russian-glide-bomb-strikes-ukraine-for-first-time-2024-6">almost impossible to intercept</a> because they have small radar signatures, travel on non-ballistic trajectories, and have fairly short flight times.The only way really for Ukraine to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraines-in-a-race-to-stop-russia-glide-bomb-attacks-2024-3">defeat the glide bombs</a> is to either take out the Russian warplane before it drops its payload or strike the aircraft on the ground. Kyiv appears to have done the latter in the strike on the Morozovsk airbase.The HUR said it also destroyed Russia's aviation arsenal in Saturday's strike and that the secondary detonation of ammunition caused large areas of burned earth on and around the base, which can be seen in the satellite images.<div type="image" title="Ukraine's military intelligence agency published a satellite image showing what it says are damaged Russian Su-34 aircraft." height="944" width="1280" msid="112296260" hostid="261" sizebytes="68308"></div>The strike also damaged four facilities and two hangers at the base, which are visible in the imagery, the HUR said.It is not the first time Ukraine has gone after the Morozovsk airbase; it <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-mass-attack-russian-airbase-70-drones-budanov-2024-6">struck the site with drones</a> in April and June. The repeated attacks suggest Kyiv is specifically trying to mitigate the Russian glide-bomb threat that has been such a problem.Ukraine has relied on domestically produced long-range drones to hit military and energy targets inside Russian territory. It faces <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-officials-have-ukraine-fighting-russia-hand-tied-behind-back-2024-5">restrictions on using Western missiles</a>, including US-provided Army Tactical Missile Systems, or ATACMS, to strike beyond its borders.Ukrainian officials, including President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, have repeatedly lobbied to remove such restrictions, arguing that they are holding Kyiv back from effectively being able to defend itself.<div type="image" title="Ukraine's military intelligence agency published a satellite image showing what it says is damaged infrastructure at the Morozovsk airbase." height="944" width="1280" msid="112296266" hostid="261" sizebytes="62474"></div>"We must protect the lives of our people and end the war on Ukrainian terms," Zelenskyy said Saturday."Every strike that accurately responds to Russia's aerial bombs, that destroys Russian logistics and bases, that makes it more difficult for the occupier to stay on our land — every such strike brings the just end to the war closer," he added.

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