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<ul><li>Several <keyword id="860150" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="YouTubers" source="Orion">YouTubers</keyword> have taken to Twitter to highlight the series of strikes they have faced over the last month.</li><li>People aware of the matter suggest that there were always instances of extortion on <keyword id="10879" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="YouTube" source="Orion">YouTube</keyword>, but this time it is more organised.</li><li>YouTube follows a strict copyright infringement policy and suspends the account after three proven strikes.</li></ul>YouTube is trying to reduce the number of copyright violations on its platform, but the folks are trying to use the stricter norms to harass original content creators to the point that it has turned into a tool of extortion. <br /><br />Sachin Saxena was shocked. He was bound to be. <br /><br />In June this year, YouTube sent him a copyright violation notice (known as strikes on the platform) on one of the videos he made from scratch — from scripting to shooting and even editing. <br /><br />It has been four years since Saxena has been creating explainers related to technology and new-age businesses on YouTube. The video platform has really enabled him to create a stable source of income, while doing what he loves. <br /><br />Like anyone else would, he thought it would have been a mere misunderstanding and decided to approach the claimant in order to clear the air. But things took a turn for the worst. <br /><br />No, it was no misunderstanding. <br /><br />It was one of those blackmailing cases he had infamously heard about from his peers. <br /><br />US-based search giant Google’s video streaming platform YouTube has been very particular about copyright violations and has proactively taken steps to remove any such content that infringes on the rights of content creators. However, the approach has come to bite several small-time YouTubers on the back, as it has turned out to be a convenient tool for extortion.<br /><br />The person, Darshan Deewana Official aka Munna Singh or whoever you want them to be, sought $200 in exchange for removing the strike against Saxena. The alleged extortionist also threatened to issue more copyright strikes against the Uttar Pradesh-based <keyword id="2803176" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="YouTuber" source="Orion">YouTuber</keyword> in case he fails to make the said payment. <br /><br />But Saxena had done nothing wrong, apparently. So why should he pay to prove ownership over his own content? He decided to follow all due diligence and filed a counter notification (counter strike) claiming his ownership. <br /><br />But it wasn’t going to be an easy path. <br /><br />The alleged extortionist did exactly as he had said and issued four more strikes against Saxena over the next couple of days. These four strikes were issued over 11 videos, meaning there were a total of 11 copyright infringement cases concentrated in 4 strikes. Once again, Sachin filed a counter strike case against all these violations using Google’s pre-set form, but his request was rejected the first time.<br />        <div type="image" title="Graphic 1: The great Indian YouTube extortion — 101 on how criminals are making money off YouTubers" msid="84495019" hostid="261"></div><br />He decided to give it another shot. He reached out to YouTube directly over email. He shared all the proof of ownership of the content, which he earlier couldn’t as YouTube’s <keyword id="11141113" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="copyright-strike" source="Orion">copyright strike</keyword> or counter notification application mechanism/form do not allow any attachments or links apart from the flagged video itself. This time his request was accepted. <br /><br />Upon investigation, Business Insider found out that Sachin wasn’t the only one suffering from such fake copyright strikes.<br /><br />A simple Twitter search gave us a deeper look into the spread of such copyright strikes. While Saxena may have been able to sail past this successfully, many haven’t been able to do so and their accounts have been suspended. <br />              <div type="image" title="graphic 2: The great Indian YouTube extortion — 101 on how criminals are making money off YouTubers" msid="84494586" hostid="261"></div><br />All these copyright strikes may not be “fake” as claimed in the screenshots above, but it is an awful coincidence that so many small-time YouTubers, who had enough subscribers to be earning through the platform, are receiving such request from different accounts. But it is also true that YouTube does not require any documentation to file a strike, in this case a series of strikes, against anyone. So, anyone, without even a YouTube account, can flag your content as stolen.<br /><br />This is not the first time YouTube’s copyright strike mechanism has been used to extort money out of content creators. This policy has been exploited both in India and abroad. However, this time it is much more organised.<br /><br />Apart from the above-mentioned email ID, there have also been other IDs involved in this giving this ‘series of copyright strikes’.<br /><br />It was certainly not the first time that Darshan Deewana had reached out to young YouTubers either. We also came across two separate instances, where a series of copyright strikes was issued by this person and a ransom was demanded. <br /><br />                      <div type="image" title="Graphic 3: The great Indian YouTube extortion — 101 on how criminals are making money off YouTubers" msid="84487017" hostid="261"></div><br />One of the YouTubers has also taken a legal route against this account holder.<br /><br />                        <div type="image" title="Graphic 4: The great Indian YouTube extortion — 101 on how criminals are making money off YouTubers" msid="84487026" hostid="261"></div><br />While Saxena managed to get all these copyright strikes removed against him without paying, many have not been able to do so. One of the YouTubers, who paid this Darshan Deewana, said that his name would be removed from a list of YouTubers the extortionist had and no one would bother them again. “I decided to pay them so they don’t bother me again. I don’t want to go through this again,” the YouTuber added. <br /><br />Upon further investigation, Business Insider was able to create a chain of these “fake” copyright claims issued by Darshan Deewana end-to-end. The copyright strike would be issued by a “Munna Singh” registered with an email address of “Darshan Deewana Official”. Darshan would ask the YouTubers to transfer the ransom on a PhonePe account registered with another number. The number was listed as WhatsApp Business, with another email starting with “nirash”.<br /><br />                      <div type="image" title="Graphic 5: The great Indian YouTube extortion — 101 on how criminals are making money off YouTubers" msid="84494745" hostid="261"></div><br />Business Insider reached out to Darshan Deewana and Nirash, but hasn’t received a response till publishing time.<br /><br /><strong>Why will YouTubers not reach out to YouTube directly?<br /></strong><br />YouTube is not unaware of such instances and has set up a proper procedure in place to counter any copyright infringement claims filed by someone. However, it may be difficult for some to remove such strikes. <br /><br />      <div type="Youtube" id="Bv4CvzyAkV0" title="Copyright in YouTube Studio: Addressing Copyright Claims with New Tools, Filters and More" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Bv4CvzyAkV0/mqdefault.jpg"></div><br />There are two ways to file these counter-notification. First, file the counter copyright notification directly through a web form. Secondly, email YouTube at &lt;<a href="mailto:copyright@youtube.com">copyright@youtube.com</a>&gt;.<br /><br />Many YouTubers have highlighted that their counter notifications were rejected in the first attempt. Flagging the issues over email has a higher chance of approval.<br /><br />"YouTube's copyright removal process complies with the applicable law. We strive to be fair to our users and protect their freedom of expression while also respecting the legal rights of copyright owners. Based on a copyright claim raised by a copyright owner or an agent authorised to act on their behalf, users have the option to file a <a href="https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2807684?hl=en">counter-notification</a> when they believe their content has been removed as a result of a mistake or misidentification of the content, including fair use. The process further requires the claimant to provide evidence that they have initiated a court action within a specified timeline. In the event of any misuse of our process, we take it seriously and overturn removal decisions where we find evidence that a removal request was submitted without considering exceptions to copyright law such as fair use, fair dealing or other exceptions," the YouTube’s spokesperson told Business Insider over an email.<br /><br />                        <div type="image" title="The great Indian YouTube extortion — 101 on how criminals are making money off YouTubers" msid="84494853" hostid="261"></div><br />Another key thing to note here is that YouTube, in its policies, mentions that they don’t mediate copyright claims. It is left to the parties involved to decide. It is not up to YouTube who “owns the rights” to content.<br /><br />Despite the availability of an elaborate mechanism, few YouTubers do not want to risk getting their accounts suspended. If by any chance YouTube finds the claimant’s claims to be accurate — true or not —, these YouTubers will have to either settle in court or out of it. That is going to cost them more money and time.<br /><br />But why is this issue important? With the growth of the digital economy, India has become one of the most prominent markets not only in terms of customer base, but also in terms of creators.<br /><br />Only 16 Indian content creators had more than 1 million subscribers in 2014, but the community has touched over 1,200 such creators in 2019. <br /><br />According to a digital marketing blog Digital Uncovered <a href="https://digitaluncovered.com/rise-indian-content-creators/">report</a>, about 2,500 Indian creators on YouTube cross 1,000 subscriber milestones every day. Overall, YouTube has at least <a href="https://www.omnicoreagency.com/youtube-statistics/">225 million</a> active users in India — that's more than 7 times the entire population of Canada. <br /><br />The rise of such extortion cases can not only have a major impact on the livelihood of YouTubers, but also on YouTube itself. The instances highlighted in this report are largely from Tier 2 regions of India, but are not limited there. Several reports in the past have highlighted such incidents in the US as well, but the cases continue to exist despite this.<br /><br />For people like Saxena, it is a question of livelihood.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO</strong><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/iron-man-vijay-shekhar-sharma-put-his-own-money-on-the-line-to-launch-paytm/articleshow/84468805.cms">‘Iron Man’ Vijay Shekhar Sharma put his own money on the line to launch Paytm — and ten years later the company is ready to go public</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/news/the-political-flip-flops-of-superstar-rajinikanth-over-the-last-three-decades/articleshow/84463947.cms">The political flip-flops of Superstar Rajinikanth over the last three decades</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/infosys-is-worried-about-losing-its-it-talent-to-indias-unicorns/articleshow/84411946.cms">Infosys has a new headache — India’s unicorn boom</a><br /><br />

Here is how Indian YouTubers are becoming victims to extortion

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Shutterstock/Lenscap</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>The World Health Organization has added "gaming disorder" to the list of mental health conditions in its next update of the International Classification of Diseases, its standardized list of diseases and other medical conditions.</strong></li><li><strong>Playing too many video games could become problematic if the behavior causes a person's relationships or performance at school or work to suffer, according to the definition.</strong></li><li><strong>Although games can potentially become too compelling for some people, they also have some psychological benefits.</strong></li></ul><p><br />The World Health Organization has added "gaming disorder" to the list of mental health conditions.</p><p>The addition will appear in the new version the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the WHO's standardized list of diseases and other medical conditions used by countries around the world, which <a href="http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/">was released on Monday</a>.</p><p>The addition is meant to help clinical professionals define the point at which a pastime or hobby of playing video games becomes problematic. That could also help individuals who feel they are struggling with gaming get treatment.</p><p>The ICD now <a href="https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1448597234">lists gaming </a>behavior as disordered if it meets three conditions: if a person loses control over their gaming habits, if they start to prioritize gaming over many other life interests or daily activities, and if they continue playing despite clear negative consequences. This pattern should be clear for a one-year period before a diagnosis is made, according to the definition.</p><p>This adds gaming to a list of behaviors that can become problematic if people lose control over them, including gambling and disorders related to the use of substances like alcohol, marijuana, caffeine, or nicotine.</p><p>However, defining behaviors like gaming as addictive or as mental health conditions is still controversial. Some researchers argue that problematic gaming behavior is often a symptom of mental health struggles, rather than a mental health condition by itself.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/group-asian-elementary-schoolchildren-playing-game-613195250">imtmphoto/Shutterstock</a></span></p><p class="caption">There are lots of forms of gaming, some solo, some social.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Severe enough to harm personal relationships<span style="background-color: #ffff00;"></span></h2><p>The term "gaming," of course, covers a wide range of activities that can be solo or social pursuits. It includes playing a quick puzzle game on your iPhone while riding the subway, meeting up with friends to play "Minecraft," and sitting down at a custom-built PC for a multi-hour "Destiny 2" raid session.</p><p>The WHO's definition is not meant to imply that any one sort of gaming is addictive or to say that a specific amount of it leads to a disorder. Playing video games only would qualify as a mental health condition if the behavior is severe enough to result in "marked distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational or occupational functioning," <a href="http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/activities/gaming_disorders/en/">according to the WHO</a>.</p><p>In other words, it has to be harming personal relationships or interfering with school or work.</p><p>"Gaming disorders are uncommon, but still very important," Dr. Shekhar Saxena, director of the WHO's department for mental health and substance abuse, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb6hsq-IHfA">said in a YouTube video</a> discussing changes made to the ICD. "ICD has to keep pace with evolving disorders and diseases, and this is one of them."</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>CD Projekt RED</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>The psychology of games</h2><p>The psychological community has been debating whether gaming is addictive enough to be described as a disorder for some time. So far, the American Psychiatric Association has declined to classify gaming addiction as a disorder but has said it <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/here-there-and-everywhere/201407/internet-gaming-disorder-in-dsm-5">merits further research</a>.</p><p>Before the WHO's decision, the Society for Media Psychology and Technology Division of the American Psychology Association <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/374879861/APA-Media-Psychology-and-Technology-Division-Div-46-Policy-Statement-Expressing-Concern-Regarding-the-Plan-to-Include-Gaming-Disorder-in-the-ICD-1">released a statement</a> expressing concern about the idea of "gaming disorder," due to insufficient research on the topic:</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">"[R]esearch has not provided clarity on how to define video game addiction (VGA), what symptoms best diagnose it, how prevalent it is, or whether it truly exists as an independent disorder, or, when it occurs is merely symptomatic of other, underlying mental health diagnoses."</p><p>Part of the problem is how to distinguish between simply spending a lot of time playing games and actual addictive behavior.</p><p>Scientists need to "establish a clear-cut distinction between someone who may use games excessively but non-problematically and someone who is experiencing significant impairment in their daily lives as a consequence of their excessive gaming," a group of researchers from Nottingham Trent University in the UK wrote in a <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5520128/">paper published last summer</a> in the Journal of Addictive Behavior.</p><p>There are plenty of stories about individuals whose gaming behavior has become problematic - people <a href="https://kotaku.com/5384643/i-kept-playing--the-costs-of-my-gaming-addiction">have gotten </a>so caught up <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/games/2018/jun/18/truth-gaming-addiction-world-health-organization-disorder-games">in online games</a> that they've ruined relationships and lost jobs. Games are often designed to compel people to keep playing and in some cases, to keep spending money. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2010/mar/21/tom-bissell-video-game-cocaine-addiction">Compulsive gaming and problematic substance use</a> can also go hand in hand.</p><p>But problematic gaming may also serve as a dysfunctional coping mechanism for some, according to the Nottingham Trent researchers. Someone who is struggling with depression or anxiety may turn to gaming or abuse substances like alcohol as a way to relieve those symptoms.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Ben Gilbert / Tech Insider</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Benefits, harms, and "gaming disorder" going forward</h2><p>Figuring out the degree to which playing games is harmful (or helpful) is all about context, according to Bruce Lee, an associate professor of international health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Lee <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2017/12/24/do-you-have-video-gaming-disorder-a-newly-recognized-mental-health-condition/#7b1b46e9316d">wrote in a column</a> for Forbes that gaming habits can also be psychologically beneficial.</p><p>On the positive side, <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_bavelier_your_brain_on_video_games">research has shown</a> that game playing can relieve stress, improve problem-solving abilities, and enhance traits like eye-hand coordination. Technologies that we think of as built for gaming, like virtual reality, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-virtual-reality-is-used-for-ptsd-and-anxiety-therapy-2016-1">can also be used in psychological therapy</a>.</p><p>Yet people can struggle to find a healthy balance with gaming.</p><p>Researchers are still trying to understand the activity's risks and effects, since it has only recently become such a common pastime - 63% of <a href="https://www.polygon.com/2016/4/29/11539102/gaming-stats-2016-esa-essential-facts">US households contain</a> at least one "frequent gamer," a trait that didn't exist a couple of generations ago.</p><p>The WHO creates the ICD list so that every country can use a standardized system for classifying diseases. That allows for a unified way of identifying illnesses and keeping track of how common certain diagnoses are.</p><p>But it'll take some time before the ICD actually gets implemented by countries around the world. Each health care system decides when to start using the updated list, which requires changing various forms of medical record-keeping. The US didn't adopt the last version of the ICD until 2015, despite it being finished in 1992 and first adopted by some members in 1994. As member countries adopt the new system, they'll decide how these diagnoses should be treated by healthcare systems and insurance companies.</p><p>In the meantime, research into the effects of gaming will continue.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/best-dog-breeds-apartment-living-2018-5">The best dog breeds for apartment living</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

'Gaming disorder' has been classified as a mental health condition by the World Health Organization - here's what that means

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Here is how Indian YouTubers are becoming victims to extortion

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'Gaming disorder' has been classified as a mental health condition by the World Health Organization - here's what that means

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