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For most of us, <keyword id="1829745" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="thinking-machines">thinking machines</keyword> happen to be sci-fi stuff, but for those working in the <keyword id="107950" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="100" keywordseo="artificial-intelligence">artificial intelligence</keyword> (<keyword id="6355999" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="AI">AI</keyword>) space, that is just a ground reality. AI is slowly gaining traction among <keyword id="100363" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Indian-entrepreneurs">Indian entrepreneurs</keyword> and a handful of companies are already working on one product or the other, targeting specific segments. But here is one brand new <keyword id="6404679" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="start-up">start-up</keyword> which is hoping to open up this field and make it super easy for <keyword id="6357020" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="developers">developers</keyword> to <keyword id="1973991" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Incorporate-AI-components">incorporate AI components</keyword> in their apps as per their requirements. Chennai-based <keyword id="1973988" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mad-Street-Den">Mad Street Den</keyword> (interestingly, ‘<keyword id="6707506" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mad">MAD</keyword>’ stands for <keyword id="1973989" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mind-Abled-Devices">Mind Abled Devices</keyword>) will be offering easy-to-access <keyword id="1973997" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="AI-solutions">AI solutions</keyword> via a Cloud-based platform, thus delivering intelligence to the world, on a broad scale. The <keyword id="1974000" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="IA-stack">IA stack</keyword> comprises <keyword id="1974001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sensory-processing-layers">sensory processing layers</keyword>, as well as <keyword id="1974004" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Contextual-binding-layers">contextual binding layers</keyword>, and aims to deliver three categories of <keyword id="1974005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Consumer-experiences">consumer experiences</keyword>. 
 But that does not mean lack of more intriguing products on the part of the start-up. Mad Street Den is all about intelligent innovation and the company is working intensely on a series of products using vision, speech and touch-based processing (among others), aiming to cater to verticals like <keyword id="6357332" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="gaming">gaming</keyword> and <keyword id="4578" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="entertainment">entertainment</keyword>, <keyword id="6354750" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> and <keyword id="15482" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="lifestyle">lifestyle</keyword>, and <keyword id="6355300" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="security">security</keyword> and <keyword id="6359249" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="analytics">analytics</keyword>. Here is a snapshot that captures the start-up’s vision and viability. 
 
Who runs Mad Street Den (www.madstreetden.com): A core team of four including <keyword id="1718234" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Co-Founder-CEO">co-founder &amp; CEO</keyword> <keyword id="1973987" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Anand-Chandrasekaran">Anand Chandrasekaran</keyword>. Anand holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from IIT-Madras and a PhD in Neuroscience from <keyword id="503459" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Baylor-College-of-Medicine">Baylor College of Medicine</keyword>. During his Post Doctoral stint at <keyword id="33081" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Stanford">Stanford</keyword>, he specialised in <keyword id="1974014" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Neuromorphic-Engineering">Neuromorphic Engineering</keyword>, building <keyword id="1974017" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Custom-silicon-chips">custom silicon chips</keyword> that emulate various regions of the brain. At that time, Anand was part of the <keyword id="10875" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="IBM">IBM</keyword> team and working on <keyword id="265122" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="DARPA">DARPA</keyword>’s <keyword id="1974019" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="SyNAPSE">SyNAPSE</keyword> project (for the curious, let’s tell you this project focuses on building all sorts of <keyword id="1974020" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Smart-hardware">smart hardware</keyword> that emulate higher intelligence). 
 Prior to starting his own venture, Anand joined a Palo Alto-based start-up called Evolved Machines, Inc., as a research scientist and developed various neural algorithms that could connect to real-world sensory perceptions like vision and smell. “As part of Evolved Machines, I was involved in another DARPA project called <keyword id="1974022" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Neovision2">Neovision2</keyword>,” he recalls. 
 There are three others in the core team – another <keyword id="170488" type="POSITION" weightage="100" keywordseo="co-founder">co-founder</keyword> who has some very useful experience in designing products that use the <keyword id="294572" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="100" keywordseo="machine-learning">machine learning</keyword> approach; an experienced and distinguished professional with a similar background to Anand’s and another expert who builds the kind of network infrastructure the company requires. Although development work started in March this year (a month after Anand returned from <keyword id="6357722" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="silicon-valley">Silicon Valley</keyword>), the start-up was officially launched in August 2013 and has recently shifted its headquarters from Bangalore to Chennai. 
 
What inspired the venture: During his stint at Evolved Machines, Anand decided that he would work on AI projects of his own. So he worked as a <keyword id="17182" type="POSITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Consultant">consultant</keyword> with <keyword id="1973986" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Zort-Technologies">Zort Technologies</keyword> for a couple of years while trying to figure out what to do next. 
 “Although building great AI is a good thing, we did realise that there were very few solutions in the market that would help create great <keyword id="1974006" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Consumer-experience">consumer experience</keyword>,” says Anand. “That’s because there is no unified platform that allows easy and cheap <keyword id="1974027" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Access-to-AI-elements">access to AI elements</keyword> – no suitable infrastructure for handling the requirements of the applications using those elements. So we decided to create such a platform. That way, we can build a whole new ecosystem for everyone who wants to create new experiences enhanced by AI.” 
 
What’s the pitch: Making machines more useful by making them a bit more human: Fun, intelligent and relevant. They will sense as babies, observe and play as youngsters, learn and change with you as they grow older. In brief, the start-up aims to provide AI support across three categories of experiences – fun and play, usefulness &amp; convenience, and helpful &amp; revealing. “Someday in the near future, we hope to bring everyday objects to life, not just the devices we use today,” the site notes. 
 
How it works: Mad Street Den is in the business of delivering artificial intelligence to the world – in varied formats and across industries. The primary product is a Cloud-based <keyword id="1974029" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="AI-platform">AI platform</keyword> that developers can leverage to incorporate <keyword id="1973990" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="AI-components">AI components</keyword> into their applications. This ‘MAD’ (Mind Abled Devices) stack currently focuses on <keyword id="1974030" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Vision-based-applications">vision-based applications</keyword> and delivers elements such as <keyword id="1974031" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Facial-gesture-analysis">facial gesture analysis</keyword>, <keyword id="406688" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="face-recognition">face recognition</keyword>, <keyword id="1974032" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Gaze-tracking">gaze tracking</keyword> and so on. However, the start-up will expand and diversify its offerings as the platform grows. As of now, the target sectors include apps, <keyword id="34609" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="services-industry">services industry</keyword>, gaming and analytics (imagine test-marketing a product and getting insightful feedback through AI apps that can decode facial gestures of potential customers and correctly surmise their reaction to the product in question). But in the next few years, Mad Street Den may also develop low-cost <keyword id="1974033" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Custom-hardware">custom hardware</keyword> to support its existing stack; create <keyword id="1974034" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="High-end-cognitive-hardware">high-end cognitive hardware</keyword> for big enterprises/software companies and finally make foray into <keyword id="62549" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Robotics">robotics</keyword>. 
 
“All these are in the pipeline and we intend to create more apps and new products by leveraging our own AI platform,” explains Anand. “That will further create new and wonderful experiences enhanced by our AI solutions and speak volumes about our quality.” 
 
Claim to fame: Novelty of concept and the tremendous potential are the key factors at this point. Very few <keyword id="770060" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Indian-start-ups">Indian start-ups</keyword> are currently working in the <keyword id="1974055" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="AI-space">AI space</keyword> and it could be the next big thing when Web 3.0 – widely assumed to be a combination of artificial intelligence and the semantic Web – finally arrives. 
 
Show me the money: Till date, the start-up has been bootstrapped and has not started earning revenues. As of now, the <keyword id="232730" type="POSITION" weightage="100" keywordseo="business-model">business model</keyword> is essentially B2B, but Anand has high hopes about B2C earnings as the company is also building its own products. “We are a very early-stage company, completely self-funded and in the process of building our scalable infrastructure and our first B2C product (a game) by early next year. In fact, we will be demoing our prototype at MobileSparks 2013 in Bangalore tomorrow (December 14), he says. 
 “As we have many potential <keyword id="598465" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="revenue-streams">revenue streams</keyword>, it is a little difficult to gauge the market size at present,” he observes. “But it spans everyone – from the <keyword id="1974050" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="College-dorm-developer">college dorm developer</keyword> to <keyword id="1974051" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Small-product-companies">small product companies</keyword>, to service providers and <keyword id="163194" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="OEMs">OEMs</keyword> who want to enhance their offerings. Even <keyword id="1974052" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Large-corporations">large corporations</keyword> might want their own custom stacks and proprietary <keyword id="1974026" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="AI-elements">AI elements</keyword>,” he adds. 
 Although bootstrapped, Mad Street Den is not looking to raise funds just now. “We intend to work on our product pipeline first and come up with 1-3 more products by mid-2014,” says Anand. “Once we have the process in play and are getting considerable traction at consumer and enterprise levels, approaching investors will make sense. Also, we have gone past the incubation stage now. Neither are we limited to a single platform or product. Therefore, we will be looking at a very large angel round or maybe a small <keyword id="919124" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Series-A">Series A</keyword> within a year, depending on our requirements. Given our <keyword id="1974053" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="RD-requirements">R&amp;D requirements</keyword>, we would like to expand our operations to the US as well.” 
 
Biggest challenge: Competition is always there as several companies are working in the AI space – both in India and abroad. But the field is vast and almost completely untapped; so there is space for everyone. “Currently, there’s no delivery model like our Cloud platform, especially in the vision space. So that gives us some competitive edge and we are building the rest of the USP,” concludes Anand.

This
Start-up Offers Artificial Intelligence Solutions To Enhance Experiences, Aims
To Tackle Analytics Challenge

ChatGPT recently passed the Turing test, a remarkable experiment devised to test whether humans can tell a computer apart from a human being through conversation alone. And with the rate technology is progressing, it won’t be too long before you won’t be able to tell a real person apart from an android soon, either — although progress is still in the “creepy” stage at the moment. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Putting skin in the game" comment="subhead" text="Putting skin in the game">Putting skin in the game</cmsannotation> <keyword id="22204691" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="artificial-skin" source="keywords">Artificial skin</keyword> has been the holy grail for robotics, considering that scientists and sci-fi artists have a weird urge to make robots appear more human-like. However, the challenge has always been ensuring this skin stays put. Previous attempts such as the usage of "anchors" resulted in unsightly lumps under the skin, compromising the robot's appearance. However, we might have a new game-changer now. Japanese researchers have pioneered a method where the robot's skeleton is peppered with tiny holes. Into these holes, the artificially grown skin extends V-shaped hooks, keeping it snugly in place while maintaining a smooth and flexible surface. This ingenious solution prevents the skin from sagging and retains its lifelike appearance. <div type="Youtube" id="Arh-fkTMkn0" title="Smiling robot face is made from living human skin cells" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Arh-fkTMkn0/mqdefault.jpg"><url><![CDATA[https://youtu.be/Arh-fkTMkn0?si=LawuhRCI_ox8zdpi]]></url></div> Further, the robot’s skeleton is treated with water-vapour plasma to make it hydrophilic, attracting the skin's gel deeper into the holes for a firmer attachment. And yes, this means a robot probably has a better moisturising routine than you. This way of attaching the skin to the robot not only makes the skin more lifelike but also self-repairing — just like our skin! When the skin sustains a cut or scrape, the cultured skin cells can regenerate, mending the damage without external intervention. As a result, minor tears are autonomously repaired, maintaining the robot's smooth and lifelike appearance, and significantly reducing the need for manual maintenance. While the speed of this self-healing process is yet to be quantified, the potential benefits are enormous. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="A spooky demo" comment="subhead" text="A spooky demo">A spooky demo</cmsannotation> In a fascinating yet eerie demonstration, researchers recreated the subtle changes in human skin when smiling. By connecting the artificial skin to a robotic face with a silicone layer beneath, they achieved “inflating cheeks,” mimicking the natural movement of human muscles. The skin seamlessly fitted the 3D mould of a face, with no protruding bolts or hooks. However, more challenges exist. "Firstly, we need to enhance the durability and longevity of the cultured skin when applied to robots, particularly by addressing issues related to nutrient and moisture supply," explained study researcher Shoji Takeuchi. "This could involve developing integrated blood vessels or other perfusion systems within the skin." Improving the mechanical strength of the skin to match natural human skin is also critical. This requires optimising the collagen structure within the cultured skin. Additionally, future artificial skin will need to convey sensory information such as temperature and touch and resist biological contamination. The implications of this research extend beyond creating <keyword id="22204698" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="lifelike-robots" source="keywords">lifelike robots</keyword>. Understanding how facial muscles convey emotion could drive breakthroughs in treating facial paralysis and expand capabilities in cosmetic and orthopaedic surgery. The future of robotics looks more human than ever, and it’s a future that’s closer than we think. The findings of this research have been published in Cell Reports Physical Science and can be accessed <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-physical-science/fulltext/S2666-3864(24)00335-7?utm_campaign=Press%20Package&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;_hsenc=p2ANqtz-8dGvAdSt0-OYX3KAk9bxxoOAsD9WdZTQmtsNR76Hj4j0I8dNvnePecPlvdpBB_5kqAdbM7ttDxYiNv3j7dgbU65vgtT0QiiqQeQtgBXmpNCbjzk8g&amp;_hsmi=312632330&amp;utm_content=312632330&amp;utm_source=hs_email">here</a>.

Scientists have created robo-skin out of living human cells that can make expressions — and the results are creepy

<keyword id="6357203" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="varanasi" source="Orion">Varanasi</keyword>, often referred to as the spiritual heart of India, is a city that pulsates with ancient wisdom, vibrant traditions, and an undeniable mystique. Nestled on the banks of the sacred river Ganges, Varanasi, also known as Kashi or Banaras, is a tapestry of spiritual fervor and cultural richness. While this city is enchanting throughout the year, it transforms into an ethereal realm during Diwali, the festival of lights. Diwali in Varanasi is a celebration that transcends the ordinary, immersing visitors in a divine experience like no other. The <keyword id="19458413" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="significance-of-varanasi" source="Orion">Significance of Varanasi</keyword>: Varanasi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a history dating back thousands of years. It is considered the spiritual capital of India and holds immense religious and cultural significance. The ghats along the Ganges, the labyrinthine alleys, and the numerous temples create an aura of timeless spirituality that attracts pilgrims, seekers, and tourists alike. Diwali in Varanasi: A Radiant Celebration: Diwali, the festival of lights, is celebrated with unparalleled grandeur in Varanasi. The city, already aglow with spiritual energy, becomes a luminous spectacle during this festive season. Diwali in Varanasi is not just a celebration; it's a cosmic event where divinity, tradition, and the fervor of the people converge to create an atmosphere that is both sacred and joyous. Unique Traditions and Celebrations: Ganga Aarti at the Ghats: The Ganga Aarti at the Dashashwamedh Ghat is a quintessential Diwali experience in Varanasi. Against the backdrop of the gently flowing Ganges, priests clad in vibrant attire perform a mesmerizing ritual with large brass lamps. The ghats are illuminated with countless diyas (earthen lamps), creating a surreal ambiance that reflects the divine significance of the festival. Decorated Ghats and Temples: The ghats and temples along the Ganges are adorned with intricate rangoli designs and colorful flower decorations during Diwali. The soft glow of diyas and the flickering lights from temples cast a magical spell, turning the entire city into a visual marvel. Fireworks Over the Ganges: As the night sky descends upon Varanasi, it comes alive with the brilliance of fireworks. The explosions of color overhead, reflected on the surface of the Ganges, create a dazzling display. The echoes of firecrackers resonate with the joyous spirit of the festival. Diya-lit Boat Procession: A unique tradition during Diwali in Varanasi is the diya-lit boat procession on the Ganges. Locals and pilgrims float small, earthen lamps in the river, creating a shimmering pathway of lights. This spiritual gesture is a symbolic offering to the sacred river and is believed to bring blessings and prosperity. Special Pujas and Ceremonies: Temples in Varanasi organize special pujas and ceremonies during Diwali. Devotees throng to seek the blessings of deities, and the air is filled with the chants of mantras. The spiritual resonance of these rituals adds an extra layer of sanctity to the festive fervor. Exploring the Diwali Markets: <keyword id="19458412" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="varanasi-during-diwali" source="Orion">Varanasi during Diwali</keyword> is not just about spiritual celebrations; it's also a time for vibrant markets and bustling bazaars. The markets come alive with the hustle and bustle of shoppers seeking decorative items, traditional attire, and an array of festive goodies. The aroma of sweets, the glitter of decorative items, and the lively banter of the locals create a sensory experience that complements the spiritual essence of Diwali. Culinary Delights of Diwali in Varanasi: No festival in Varanasi is complete without indulging in its delectable cuisine. Diwali is a time for special sweets and savories that tantalize the taste buds. From the melt-in-the-mouth goodness of malaiyo (a frothy, sweet delicacy) to the richness of Benarasi paan, the culinary delights during Diwali add a flavorful dimension to the celebrations. Precautions and Responsible Celebrations: While Diwali is a time for exuberance and joy, it's essential to celebrate responsibly. Varanasi, like many other places, witnesses increased air pollution during the festival due to fireworks. Considering the city's historical and spiritual significance, locals and authorities have been making efforts to encourage eco-friendly celebrations, emphasizing the use of fewer fireworks and more traditional lighting methods. Conclusion: A Divine Tapestry of Light and Devotion: Diwali in Varanasi is not just a festival; it's a symphony of lights, devotion, and cultural richness that weaves together the spiritual tapestry of this ancient city. The illuminated ghats, the echoing chants, and the vibrant celebrations create an atmosphere that lingers in the hearts of those who are fortunate enough to experience it. Varanasi during Diwali is a testament to the resilience of traditions and the timeless beauty of a city that stands as a living embodiment of India's spiritual and cultural heritage. Note: The article is based on content generated by AI models like Bard and Chatgpt.

Varanasi during Diwali: A celestial symphony of lights and spirituality

I tried 43 of Trader Joe's fall foods, and would buy at least 31 of them again

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Business Insider spoke with Eshchar Ben-Shitrit, the founder and CEO of Redefine Meat, about the development process of its <keyword id="8518185" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="plant-based-meat">plant-based meat</keyword> product.</li><li>Redefine Meat, which raised $6 million in seed funding last year, designs and manufactures <keyword id="7958501" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="plant-based">plant-based</keyword> steaks using 3D-printing technology.</li><li>Each steak contains around 3 million voxels, or 3D pixels, and is designed by layering three different main components: muscle, fat, and moisture.</li><li>Redefine Meat uses algorithms to alter the composition of its product and conducts several tastings each day to continually improve the taste and texture of the steak.</li><li>"Alt-steak" will launch in high-end Israeli restaurants this year, with plans to roll out at restaurants in Germany and Switzerland in 2020.</li></ul>Steak without the cow — that's what Eshchar Ben-Shitrit set out to make when he founded Redefine Meat in 2018. Ben-Shitrit, who grew up in a farming community in Israel-Palestine, also grew up eating meat. After he switched over to a plant-based diet, he began wondering how he could apply technology to recreate the experience of eating meat using plant-based ingredients.Thus was born Redefine Meat. The technology startup uses a <keyword id="883288" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="3D-printing">3D printing</keyword> process to layer voxels, or pixels, into cuts of beef-like steak. Each steak contains around 3 million voxels, or 3D pixels, and is designed by layering three different main components: muscle, fat, and moisture. Last September, Redefine Meat received $6 million in funding from CPT Capital, the venture fund behind <keyword id="2972331" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Impossible-Foods">Impossible Foods</keyword> and <keyword id="3169399" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Beyond-Meat">Beyond Meat</keyword>. This year, Redefine Meat will unveil its first product: "alt-steak," a plant-based 3D-printed steak that will become available at certain high-end restaurants in Israel this year. In 2018, global meat substitutes reached $19.5 billion according to <a href="https://blog.euromonitor.com/meat-substitutes-recorded-usd-19-5-billion-sales-globally-in-2018/">Euromonitor</a>. In 2019, UBS predicted that the plant-based meat industry could be <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/beyond-meat-ubs-plant-based-meat-market-85-billion-2030-2019-7-1028367962#">worth</a> $85 billion by 2030, and it looks like the industry is well on track to hit that number. Plant-based meat sales have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meat-shortage-sees-impossible-plant-based-meat-demand-skyrocket-2020-5">skyrocketed</a> since the beginning of the pandemic after producers rushed to fill the gaps left by a fractured meat supply chain. Beyond Meat launched its grocery product in stores <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/beyond-meat-alibaba-partner-china-retail-debut-2020-7">in China</a> on July 4, while Impossible foods partnered with Starbucks to launch a plant-based <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/starbucks-partners-with-impossible-new-plant-based-sandwich-2020-6">breakfast sandwich</a> on June 23. Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods, the biggest players in the alternative-meat space, use plant protein (pea protein and soy protein respectively) and other ingredients to form a product with a <a href="http://sciencemeetsfood.org/plant-based-burgers/">structure like ground meat</a>. However, the texture of meat cuts like steak or chicken is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/beyond-meat-ceo-making-plant-based-fried-chicken-2020-2">a lot harder</a> to achieve than the texture of ground meat as it requires replicating the complex fiber structure of animal muscle. That's just what Redefine Meat is setting out to do.Business Insider spoke with Ben-Shitrit via video call about the technology behind the printing and testing of Redefine Meat's product, and his plans for bringing 3D-printed steak to mass market.Business Insider: How long have you been in development?Ben-Shitrit: We've been working on the idea for two and a half years, and the company has been working on R&amp;D for the past two years, but actually nine months ago, we raised serious money for the first time. And we built a team. In just nine months, we grew from six people to 25 people.When we started, we had the vision, but we didn't know how to execute the vision. And it took us time to design what experiments we needed to do and what feasibility studies we needed to do. Now we completed all of that. We filed a patent, we proved the core technology, and now we're fine-tuning it and scaling it up. People think that 3D printing meat is like a sci-fi idea, that maybe in 10 years would be in the market. And we're already giving this to people in restaurants.Business Insider: What are the materials that go into the steak, and what is the process of making it?Ben-Shitrit: We have built a lot of understanding on what makes meat behave the way it does. We identified that most of the experiences — the texture, the flavor, juiciness, mouthfeel — are from the differences between the fibers of the muscle, the fatty parts, and the moisture.We take plant protein, like soy and pea, we take fats like coconut fat, we take natural colors and flavors, and instead of mixing them together, we make three separate products. One is the protein component. One is the fat component. One is the blood component. The 3D printer looks at the 3D model that tells it each voxel — a one-by-one millimeter 3D pixel — what is this voxel going to be? Is it going to be muscle? Is it going to be fat, or is it going to be blood? And what will be the texture?This is comprised of three million voxels. [At this point in the interview Eshchar held a slab of Redefine's "meat" up to the camera.] We chose for each one of the boxes in the three-dimensional matrix, what it's going to be, and what are going to be its properties. With an algorithm, we can make billions of different files automatically. To improve our product, to change the texture, the flavor, the color, we didn't need to change our mixes. We just designed hundreds of different models, printed hundreds of different models, and tested them. <div type="image" title="Redefine Meat plant-based 3d printed steak" height="1660" width="2213" msid="76875304" hostid="261"></div>Business Insider: What is the plan to bring the product to the market? Ben-Shitrit: During COVID, we reached several agreements with organizations that have an established presence in the meat industry and are looking to introduce alternative meat products. In Israel, it will happen in the coming few months. And the moment we can go back to travel, we will also do it in Europe. During 2021, we're going to scale up in three European countries: Israel, Switzerland, and Germany. Business Insider: I would love to know what a typical day in the lab looks like for you. Are you constantly just printing different iterations of meat and trying them?Ben-Shitrit: The team is split basically 50% on the ingredients, on the materials, food technologies and biotechnologies, and 50% on the machine.We have a chef, and the chef puts in every week the order of meat for that week. He says I need 10 slabs of ribeye for culinary testing. I need 10 slabs of filet for a sensory panel, and we need 10 slabs for the food lab, and then the food lab formulates. In the food lab, we make the formulation and the process. We have the guys over there formulating, taking the cartridges to the printing lab, and printing meat. We usually have the tasting panel in the morning when we come. We taste what was printed the day before. And we usually have a culinary tasting in the middle of the day. Business Insider: What's the speed of the printer?Ben-Shitrit: The fastest 3D printer we have now prints six kilograms an hour, which is about 13 pounds. And we're building our new model that will do 22 pounds an hour. But in a good day, it prints 200 pounds, at least. It's not a manufacturing machine, but we call it a semi-industrial process.Business Insider: How does the flavor of your product profile compare with beef?Ben-Shitrit: We try to make it as close as possible. We amplify the meatiness, a little overcompensating for the fact that you need to prove that it tastes like meat. But I think we have a flavor profile that is not only accurate, it's also delivered to you in the right way. I believe reaching the flavor of meat is not the challenge. Reaching the right mechanism to combine the texture with the flavor, that's the task. We have a lot more work to do, because we want it to be the best meat imaginable. And we want it to be representing tenderloin and ribeye, and rump steak, and skirt steak, and picanha, and wagyu beef.<div type="image" title="Redefine Meat plant-based 3d printed steak" height="1667" width="2223" msid="76875305" hostid="261"></div>Business Insider: So what is your vision for the next five years, 10 years, for your product?Ben-Shitrit: We think that technology can become the meat industry of the 21st century. We don't see a reason for alternative meat companies not to be as big as Tyson, or as big as JBS.We don't see a competition with Beyond or Impossible, but we ask ourselves, what is the meat industry? The meat industry is many different animals, many different cuts, many different cultures of food. We want to enable this industry to move to the next level, and we can do it in beef. And we think if we do it right in beef, it can be all over the world. This interview has been edited for clarity and length.

Redefine Meat's CEO reveals the tech creating its 3D-printed "alt-steak" that raised $6m in a seed round from the investors behind Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Rolls-Royce makes some of the world's most luxurious and expensive <keyword id="20632" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Cars">cars</keyword>.</li><li>With virtually unlimited optional extras, upgrades, and customizations, the true cost of a bespoke Rolls-Royce has no limits.</li><li>The detailed paintwork is done by hand by just one person.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Rolls-Royce makes some of the world's most luxurious cars. Known for producing hand-crafted automobiles that promise a seamless "magical carpet ride" for its customers, a Rolls-Royce car does not come cheap. These are some of the best-selling Rolls-Royce models, and these are their entry-level prices. But with virtually unlimited optional extras, upgrades, and customizations, the true cost of a bespoke Rolls-Royce has no limits. In fact, Rolls-Royce refuses to even discuss its base prices.Rhodri Good: There isn't really a specific base price which we would discuss because it really depends on each customer as an individual and the bespoke options, which they like to design and develop with our bespoke team.Narrator: So, what are some of these bespoke extras? And is that what makes Rolls-Royce so expensive?David Dean: One of the first obvious starting points probably is the color. We have a palette of 44,000-plus colors. We replicate people's lipsticks, something from your house, something you own, something you've seen. Even we've done the dog of an owner, a red setter. So we exactly replicate them, whether it be by the DNA, the chemistry, or whatever. For us, it's unique. It'll be registered as your color, and you can give it a name, and it's yours. And if someone else has seen it and wants to use that exact finish, we have to go to that person and ask their permission. When we go to the paint shop, you'll see it's called the Surface Finish Centre, because it's a bit of an insult to say, "We're painting the car." It's more than that. You're going to have at least seven layers of coat. There's primers, there's base coats, there's color, and, unusually, we put on two clear coats of lacquer. But you could have up to 23 layers of coating, which we've done before, equating to about 45 kilograms in weight just of coat.Narrator: In addition to the endless variations of color, Rolls-Royce customers can infuse their paint with materials to create special effects. One particularly wealthy customer went one step further, requesting the addition of 1,000 diamonds.Dean: He wanted a bit more sparkle in the finish, so he gave us a bag of diamonds. We crushed them. They were infused into the paint.Narrator: Remarkably, the detailed paintwork on Rolls-Royce cars is done by hand by just one person.Mark Court: My name is Mark Court, and I am the coachliner for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. A coachliner means that I am able to put this pinstripe onto the side of the car. The uniqueness is the fact that I do it completely freehand, and I'm the only one within Rolls-Royce that can do this. That's, like, worldwide within the Rolls-Royce BMW Group. So, the brushes I use is made of squirrel hair. We found that most brushes nowadays are man-made, which tends to leave brush marks within these lines. This is a natural hair, and this natural hair tends to leave no marks at all. So, we work to one standard, which is a higher standard, so we use one that leaves no brush marks at all.Narrator: And if customers without a coachline decide to add one to their car, Mark is on hand to travel worldwide with his paintbrush.Court: As normal with Rolls-Royce, Rolls-Royce never comes back to us. We go to it. So if it's in Dubai, so be it. That's where I have to go.Narrator: There are several unmistakable features of every Rolls-Royce exterior. The handmade pantheon grille, the self-righting wheel centers that ensure the RR logo is never rotated, and the <keyword id="1020023" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Spirit-Of-Ecstasy">Spirit of Ecstasy</keyword> ornament. In fact, in 2003, BMW paid $65 million to acquire the rights to the Rolls-Royce name, symbol, and the Spirit of Ecstasy. But it's inside the car where luxury - and cost - dramatically increases.To create a virtually silent ride, Rolls-Royce adds approximately 300 pounds of acoustic insulation around the cabin. Its tire manufacturer Continental even developed special foam-filled tires, which reduced the noise of the road by 9 decibels. The results were so profound that Rolls-Royce removed some soundproofing to avoid causing acoustic sensory deprivation. The dashboard of the <keyword id="451798" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Rolls-Royce-Phantom">Rolls-Royce Phantom</keyword> can even become a bespoke art gallery. Customers have commissioned artists to produce all sorts of designs for this space, including this gold-plated, 3D-printed stainless steel installation that replicates the customer's DNA profile.Another shining feature of Rolls-Royce is the Starlight Headliner, an intricate series of fiber-optic roof lights that recreate the night sky.Alexandra Benga: It takes up to 16 hours to build the Starlight Headliners. We're starting by drilling it, and we perforate every single hole to thread fiber-optic through every single hole. We've got up to 1,340 holes. We're doing this to achieve the stars in the sky, so we're going to have the sky in the night covered with stars.Narrator: As with all things Rolls-Royce, customers can create bespoke starlight designs, including randomly generated shooting stars. One customer even had their design matched to exactly replicate the constellation of stars from the night they were born.The embroidery on the upholstery is also tailor-made to the customers' design choice.Joshua Liles: So, there's no real standard process that's repeated with embroidery, just because every single design is completely unique to the customer. It's not just a case of scanning in an image, turning it into embroidery. Every single aspect of the image is thought out. The different angles of the stitch will reflect the light in a different way. So rather than it just being a flat image, we're trying to bring it out to that next level. So, it's almost three-dimensional, like a hologram effect, that you can get from our stitching.Narrator: The most complex embroidery project Rolls-Royce has completed is this special Rose Phantom model, which consists of 1 million individual stitches.Liles: The Rose Phantom is the biggest embroidery we've done to date. We'll have to map out exactly what order we're putting all those embroideries onto the leather so that they all join up to match some of the stitching. There's no tolerance. It can't be out by a millimeter, otherwise it's completely written off. Just take a small aspect of the Rose Phantom, It's a good example of the development of one of the butterflies. What seems relatively simple in, like, an image actually becomes very complex for embroidery. So for the Phantom Rose Headliner, there's a few techniques that we hadn't used before. Because of the scale of the Rose Headliner, we had to break it down into individual elements. So each individual butterfly, the flower heads themselves, and then all the vines and leaves. So you can see here, it's basically different layering of different-colored stitches in different densities. And by building those up, we can create that sort of fade effect where it's darker to the center, fades out towards the wings, fine-tune them to the quality that we expect, and then start combining it and bringing it all together for the whole headliner. Narrator: Rolls-Royce has seen a boom in sales over the last 10 years. In 2019, sales increased by roughly 25% to 5,152 units, with the average age of a Roll-Royce owner dropping from late 50s to mid 40s.Take <keyword id="248848" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Drake">Drake</keyword> for example. His Bushukan model, a special edition of the Phantom, left the factory at a value of about $700,000. However, the customizations that Drake made, such as the diamond-encrusted OVO owl in place of the Spirit of Ecstasy, is thought to have brought the overall price to about $1 million.The most expensive Rolls-Royce model ever built was the Sweptail. The result of over four years' work, this one-of-a-kind car was reported to cost $13 million, previously holding the title of the world's most expensive new car.But while other top-end car manufacturers focus on speed, maneuverability, and super-lightweight-supercar status, Rolls-Royce cars are expensive for one reason: luxury.Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-rolls-royce-cars-are-so-expensive-2020-4">Business Insider</a>

Why Rolls-Royce cars are so expensive

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <a href="https://www.jurassicworldlivetour.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Jurassic World" Live Tour</a> will feature lifelike dinosaur puppets, as well as a full-size, animatronic Tyrannosaurus Rex.</li><li>The show is produced by <a href="https://www.feldentertainment.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Feld Entertainment</a>, the company behind touring productions like <a href="https://www.disneyonice.com/shows" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Disney On Ice"</a> and <a href="https://www.marveluniverselive.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Marvel Universe Live."</a> </li><li>At a <a href="https://jurassicoutpost.com/the-jurassic-world-live-tour-promises-surprises-dinosaurs-and-thrills-our-hands-on-report/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">press event</a> in New York, we got an up-close look at two of the featured dinosaurs, which are controlled by "dinoteers," who must perform while wearing suits that weigh over 100 pounds.</li><li>The "Jurassic World" Live Tour is scheduled to <a href="https://www.jurassicworldlivetour.com/tickets" target="_blank" rel="noopener">debut</a> on September 26 in Columbus, Ohio.</li><li><div id="piano-inline"><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit BusinessInsider.com for more stories.</a></div></li></ul> Following is a transcript of the video. Madison Embrey: On your left, on your left. Narrator: These lifelike dinosaur puppets will star in the new "Jurassic World Live Tour," which debuts in arenas around the US this fall. The show is produced by Feld Entertainment, the same company behind "Disney on Ice" and "Marvel Universe Live." Embrey: I would like to officially introduce all of you to Jeanie. Ross Nicholson: You're gonna be face-to-face with actual dinosaurs. We've done a lot of development, a lot of research to making these dinosaurs really lifelike. The texture of their skin, their eyes, the way they move, the speed at which they move, everything is super realistic. Narrator: The show's scenic team designed the dinosaur puppets using the CGI models of the creatures seen in the "Jurassic" film franchise. Corey McCourt: There's a foam under-layer that houses all the electronics and gives it the shape that's needed, and then we cover the entirety of it in its scaling pattern, its skin. It's really impressive to see even the little nuances, the eye blinks, the little cock to the head to the side. The idea is that you can see what the dinosaur is feeling by what that "dinoteer" is doing internally. Narrator: The puppets are controlled by dinoteers who not only have to act like dinosaurs, they also have to be in incredible physical condition because the costumes weigh over 100 pounds. Jay Christensen: Make no mistake, these are absolutely athletes, and they are elite athletes at that. They have diverse backgrounds, whether that be from exceptional training in martial arts, dance, gymnastics. James Shea: They need to be super fit to wear that weight and to really move and feel it very light on their feet, even though they have 120 additional pounds on their body. Narrator: The team gave our producer a 60-pound weighted vest to get a sense of what the costume feels like for the dinoteers. Graham Flanagan: Careful with those threads, that's J. Crew Factory. Christensen: We're gonna ask you to be in a very unnatural position. This is not a normal position for a human being to be in if they're manipulating and being a dinoteer. David Doersch: So now you're gonna step forward. Christensen: A lot of it's in sort of a semi-squat position, and their gait is much larger, much wider. So these cause excessive stress on joints and backs and things of that nature as well. Flanagan: OK. I should have... should have done some lunges. Narrator: Along with familiar faces like Blue the Velociraptor, the show will introduce a new character to the "Jurassic" universe: a Troodon named Jeanie. Dan Shipton: So we've got a Troodon. Troodons were believed to be the most intelligent dinosaur that lived. So our lead character is a dinosaur called Jeanie, short for genius, and she really forms the backbone of our story, and it's her intelligence which really inspired us in what to explore with our new story. Shea: This is truly a marriage of the fundamentals of hand puppetry with the fundamentals of full-body character work. So these bike brakes here are responsible for the head looking side-to-side. It is a multistep process to train a human to walk like a dinosaur. That is for sure. A lot of it starts with out-of-costume work first. Narrator: Before the dinoteers suit up, they practice fundamental movements with hand puppets. Jessica Ferris: There you go! We're looking for people not only with those strengths and stamina but also people who can really manage sensory overload, working inside confined costumes in the dark with limited hearing, limited vision, while being taxed physically. Narrator: So, these dinosaurs look amazing close-up. But how will they look for people sitting in the cheap seats? Juliette Feld Grossman: It's so important that everyone who comes to the "Jurassic World Live Tour," no matter where they're sitting, that they have a great experience. We make sure that all the dinosaurs, all the show elements have a really high level of detail that actually makes it read from far away no matter where they are positioned in the arena.Narrator: The show promises one element that people watching from the rafters will definitely be able to see. A full-size animatronic T-rex, which, at the time of this report, was still being built and tested.Flanagan: Can you give me an idea of what it costs to create a lifelike animatronic Tyrannosaurus rex? Feld Grossman: No. Flanagan: North of a million? Feld Grossman: Yes. Flanagan: North of 10 million? Feld Grossman: Not gonna answer anymore. Flanagan: Got it, OK. Narrator: The producer wouldn't give specifics about the budget, but she did say it's one of the most expensive shows the company has ever produced and even referenced a famous quote from "Jurassic Park." Feld Grossman: We have spared no expense on this production. Dinosaurs are pretty expensive.

These dinosaur puppets come to life in the live 'Jurassic World' show

The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/insiderpicks" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Insider Picks</a> team writes about stuff we think you'll like. Business Insider has affiliate partnerships, so we get a share of the revenue from your purchase.<a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Amazon</div></div></div></a><ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YnM's weighted blanket ($69 - $199)</a> is a best seller on Amazon with over 1,000 5-star reviews.</li><li>Weighted blankets create the illusion of being "grounded" or hugged - similar to swaddling babies or putting "thunder jackets" on animals - and decrease stress and anxiety while improving sleep and potentially overall health.</li><li>I've been sleeping under the YnM blanket for a few weeks, and it has helped me fall asleep faster, wake up less frequently throughout the night, and feel more rested during the day. </li><li>The YnM blanket is <a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">among the cheapest options</a>, big enough to be used as an adult blanket (or shared by a couple), has segments so the weighted beads stay evenly distributed, and fits inside a duvet cover.</li></ul>Before I tried one, the simplicity of a weighted blanket - literally, a blanket with weights in it - seemed disproportionate to the miracle it promised to perform: natural calm, dissipated stress and anxiety, and deeper, more restful sleep.Bu, there's a bit more to it than just fabric and a heavy filler.Weighted blankets work through deep pressure touch simulation therapy (or DPTS) - a simple but effective aspect of our biology that we've been employing for years: swaddling babies, placing "thunder jackets" on dogs, and using weighted blankets for therapeutic treatment of sensory disorders, anxiety, depression, autism, insomnia, and more. While light touches can alert the nervous system, deep pressure (such as a good massage or tight and heavy blanket) has a relaxing, calming effect on the body. More specifically for sleep, deep pressure relaxes the nervous system and encourages serotonin and dopamine production, which makes you happier. Then, serotonin converts to melatonin, and that makes you sleepy. The tangential feelings of calm, safety, relief, and comfort only aid in your body's natural processes.There are studies that actually demonstrate how grounding the human body during sleep <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15650465" target="_blank" rel="noopener">measurably reduces or eliminates pain and stress</a>. This is why weighted blankets aren't the gimmick their simplicity - and zeitgeist enthusiasm - may suggest to the uninitiated.For the last couple of weeks, I've been sleeping under the <a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">15-pound, 60 x 80 weighted YnM blanket ($103.50)</a>, which is a little over 10% of my body weight (the preferred method of calculating which weight to purchase). It's a best seller, has 1,000+ five-star reviews, and comes in 10 colors and 12 sizes - a greater breadth of options than I've typically found. The real draw is that YnM's version is relatively inexpensive, made from breathable cotton, has segments that prevent the weighted beads from dispersing unevenly, and comes in sizes large enough to span your bed as a normal blanket rather than only personal-sized. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>AmazonThe YnM blanket is notable from coming in sizes big enough to cover your entire bed or be shared as a couple.</div></div></div>I'll get into the nitty gritty below, but I didn't know how much of an improvement there was to make in my sleep until I started using weighted blankets. I admittedly love comfort more than the average person, but I'd call them one of few products that bring me closest to the high bar of genuine "joy" Marie Kondo famously uses as a selective litmus test for possessions you should keep or throw out. When used for relaxation, I feel cozy, and when used at night I fall asleep faster, sleep deeper, and feel more refreshed the next day. When I'm traveling, I miss it. I've recommended it to friends who suffer from insomnia and heard similarly enthusiastic feedback.My only complaint with weighted blankets is that they can work too well. My sleep is deeper and more satisfying, but that can be accompanied by a groggier morning. Instead of feeling fully awake when my alarm goes off, getting adjusted to the day can be more difficult. Having said that, this is a con I'm fine living with for better sleep and more stable energy. You could potentially mitigate this with an alarm that tracks your sleep and wakes you when you're closest to consciousness, but my indiscriminate Echo alarm can be abrupt.The <a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YnM blanket</a> specifically is a good version of the weighted blanket. Along with the material, segmentation, and size and color options, you can also cover it with your own choice of removable duvet cover (not included) since the functional fabric may not mix with a fashion-forward decor. It's thin and compact enough to be unobtrusive if you choose to keep it underneath a larger comforter, and has what the company calls a "unique seven-layer system" that's designed to comfortably surround your body and form to your shape. Additionally, YnM supposedly uses more beads and less fiberfill for better overall temperature control. I haven't cut it into pieces and assessed the ratio myself, but it has been a more breathable weighted blanket than I expected.All in all, YnM's weighted blanket is a great option; it's breathable, versatile, uniformly weighted, and comes on the less expensive end of the weighted blanket spectrum. It has markedly improved the quality of my sleep, and it's something that has made me genuinely excited to climb into bed after a long day. If you want better sleep or a new natural tool to combat anxiety or stress, I highly recommend you give it a shot. <h3><a href="https://amzn.to/2xxdsC6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YnM Weighted Blanket, available in 12 sizes and 10 colors, $64 - $199</a></h3><a href="http://e.businessinsider.com/join/ci/insider-picks">Subscribe to our newsletter.</a> Find all the best offers at our <a href="https://coupons.businessinsider.com/">Coupons page</a>. Disclosure: This post is brought to you by the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/insiderpicks">Insider Picks</a> team. We highlight products and services you might find interesting. If you buy them, we get a small share of the revenue from the sale from our commerce partners. We frequently receive products free of charge from manufacturers to test. This does not drive our decision as to whether or not a product is featured or recommended. We operate independently from our advertising sales team. We welcome your feedback. Email us at insiderpicks@businessinsider.com.

This $86 weighted blanket has hugely impacted the quality of my sleep - here's why it's worth the internet hype

<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/game-changers"></a><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><a href="http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/a-brief-history-of-bread">Suzanne Plunkett/Reuters</a></div></div></div>Humans first started baking bread <a href="http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/a-brief-history-of-bread">around</a> 30,000 years ago. Since then, we have been trying to make it last longer.
As soon as bread comes out of the oven it interacts with bacteria, yeast, and fungi in the air. The most obvious bread-microbe reaction is growth of fuzzy bluish-green mold on bread left out on the counter.
Packaged bread on grocery-store shelves contains chemical preservatives to inhibit this microbe growth and extend shelf life.
But new, natural technologies will help us enjoy mold-free bread products, while cutting out the chemical preservatives that have been getting some bad press recently.
<a href="http://www.ewg.org/research/nearly-500-ways-make-yoga-mat-sandwich">Findings that nearly 500 commercial baked goods contained </a><a href="http://www.ewg.org/research/nearly-500-ways-make-yoga-mat-sandwich">azodicarbonamide</a> - also known as the "yoga mat" chemical used in the manufacturing of rubber products - have recently spurred the search for more natural alternatives to lengthen shelf life of breads. Here are a few new technologies that could become a part of your sandwich in the future.
<h3>Edible Films And Essential Oils</h3>
Instead of adding preservatives directly into or onto food, natural compounds can be added to packaging material, which then interact with the food to prevent spoilage - a technique called "active packaging."
These compounds can come from plants that have natural antimicrobial properties. For example, researcher Caio Gomide Otoni of the Federal University of Vicosa in Brazil is working, along with his colleagues, to harness the antimicrobial power of oregano and clove bud to preserve fresh bread.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image">Mike Nudelman/ Business Insider</div></div>
Normally, bread is packaged in plastic bags to prevent it from interacting with oxygen in the air, which slows down the process of spoilage. Otoni and his team are creating "edible films," a super-thin packaging layer made out of edible plant material containing plant essential oils.
The edible film clings to the inside of the plastic bag, but also touches the bread and transfers the antimicrobial compounds onto it, Otoni told Business Insider.
Oregano essential oil has a pungent, bitter taste in its pure form, so the films are made with dilutions of the essential oil. Otoni and his team are trying to find the sweet spot - the highest concentration of the essential oil dilutions that can be used without affecting the bread's taste.
In certain dilutions, the team's edible films can slow down mold growth for up to 15 days. They detailed their findings in a new <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf501055f" target="_blank">paper published in May in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</a>. 
Essential oils can also be released into the air inside the packaging from small pouches of porous plastic, called sachets. The team's 0regano essential oil sachets can also slow mold growth in preservative-free bread up to 15 days, according to a <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfpe.12059/abstract" target="_blank">paper published in January in the Journal of Food Process Engineering</a>. 
In the sachet experiment, the packaging was opened at five-day intervals. "Though we have not tested daily openings, I would say they are still effective," said Otoni. Opening the package brings in air from the outside, which drives the diffusion of the essential oils from the sachet or film and into the air inside the package.
Otoni is optimistic that these techniques could be used on a larger scale, on different types of bread. For example, the edible films are great for vacuum-packed food, where the sachets wouldn't work. They are also doing research on applying these films to fruits - like papaya and guava - as well as meat products, dairy products, and even peanuts. Some other compounds they are experimenting with include papaya puree, mint, and cinnamon.
<h2>'Zapping' As A Sterilization Tool</h2>
MicroZap, a Texas-based company, has developed a method to keep packaged <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/microzap-60-day-fresh-bread-2013-1">bread mold-free for 60 days</a>. Now, they are venturing into the preservative-free bread products market with an unnamed small organic tortilla company.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image">Don Stull, MicroZapControl tortilla (untreated), Day 19. </div></div></div>
MicroZap CEO Don Stull told Business Insider how the partnership came about. The tortilla company was looking to expand but ran into a major problem: Even when kept refrigerated, the tortillas would begin to mold within days, limiting their distribution area.
The MicroZap technology shoots high-energy waves (like <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-do-microwaves-work-2014-6">those in a conventional microwave</a>) at food for 10 seconds to sterilize it, without heating it. <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image">Don Stull, MicroZapTortilla treated with MicroZap technology, Day 19.</div></div></div> Unlike conventional microwaves, Microzap waves spread out uniformly throughout the food, without creating hot and cold spots.
The pictures on the right show what untreated tortillas and MicroZap treated tortillas look like after 19 days in the fridge - you can see how disgusting the mold growth is.
The untreated tortillas began to show visible signs of mold after 72 hours. The MicroZap treated tortillas showed no signs of mold after six weeks.
However, in the experiment, the packages remained unopened. It might be possible that the tortillas would mold faster if the packages were opened and exposed to contaminants in the environment. 
There are still some regulatory hurdles to get through before the technology could be used in the tortilla factory. And, of course, they still have to run sensory test to make sure that after six weeks, the tortillas still taste good. Otherwise, we could be heading toward a future with no more fretting over bread mold.

You Searched For "Sensory processing layers" and got 10 results

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Katie Jennings

I tried 38 of Trader Joe's fall foods, and would buy at least 28 of them again

Savanna Swain-Wilson

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