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Sarjita Jain - Channel Head, Girliyapa, The Viral Fever on portrayal of women in ads

<ul><li>Some recent women-centric campaigns have challenged the stereotypical portrayal of women and ingrained misogyny of the society. However, we have a long way to go. </li><li>According to a study by the Credit Suisse Research Institute conducted in 2019, India is near the bottom of the rankings for female representation at senior management levels. And lesser the women in boardrooms, lesser the representation in ads. </li><li>We speak to the women leaders of the advertising industry such as Kinetic’s Rachana Lokhande, The Viral Fever’s Sarjita Jain and Dentsu Webchutney’s Pragati Rana to understand how we can break this <keyword id="553087" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="glass-ceiling">glass ceiling</keyword> and decrease the pay gap. </li></ul>For the longest time, women in the advertising world were a minority. They did not make it to the top of the hierarchy and very little has changed in the past few years. Thanks to brands like Puma, women are now getting a little more recognition and equal representation in advertisements. As per a research conducted by <a href="http://www.engendered.co/">Engendered</a>, none of the top companies have more than 42% female employees. It suggests that Swiggy doesn’t have a single woman in their top management team. ICICI, on the other hand, only has 4%. 
 
 
 
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 According to another study by the Credit Suisse Research Institute conducted in 2019, India is near the bottom of the rankings for female representation at senior management levels amongst other countries. It was ranked 23rd on the list. And lesser the women in boardrooms, lesser their representation in ads. It was only in the late 20’s that brands started portraying women in roles other than domestic buyer and home-maker. From Nirma to Nike, we have come a long way. However, our ads still lack variety. We are still represented as someone’s wife or mother. To understand this evolution, we spoke to some prominent women leaders from the advertising and media industry such as Rachana Lokhande, Co-CEO, Kinetic India, Sarjita Jain - Channel Head, Girliyapa, The Viral Fever, and Pragati Rana, AVP, Strategy, Dentsu Webchutney. The women leaders highlighted how power dynamics play a subtle role in the industry, why more women don’t make it to the top, brands that have changed the narrative, and how we can further improve the representation of women in advertisements. 
 
 
 
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Women Leaders of the advertising and media industry talk about gender politics, glass ceiling and pay gap

Doctors in India are grappling to diagnose and treat unexplained and persistent symptoms of <keyword id="9814327" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="long-covid" source="Orion">long Covid</keyword> patients due to limited guidelines, whereas researchers have flagged inadequate studies on the condition. With the <keyword id="19896311" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="keywords">World Health Organization</keyword> declaring an end to <keyword id="19896627" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid" source="keywords">Covid</keyword> as a global <keyword id="416511" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="health-emergency" source="Orion">health emergency</keyword> in May last year, focused efforts are underway around the world to estimate the burden of long Covid among the population. The condition refers to the set of lingering symptoms affecting varied body parts and persisting well beyond the acute Covid infection period, including cough, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, brain fog and difficulty in focusing. The viral disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While studies have suggested that about a third of those moderately or severely infected are likely to suffer from long Covid, region-wise though, incidence could vary. A study by researchers, including those from <keyword id="19988007" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="harvard-medical-school" source="keywords">Harvard Medical School</keyword>, US, estimated that 31 % of the once-infected people in North America, 44% in Europe, and 51% in Asia, have long Covid, which is "challenging the healthcare system, but there are limited guidelines for its treatment". It was published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases in September. In India, however, studies on long Covid are few and far between. One such study by Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 on 553 patients who had recovered from Covid, found that about 45% had lingering symptoms, persistent fatigue and dry cough being the most common. "There is limited exploratory research on the long Covid syndrome with scarce data on long-term outcomes," the authors wrote in the study published in the journal Cureus in May this year. Understanding the long-term effects of the virus is important for developing management strategies, optimising healthcare delivery, and providing support to recovered Covid patients in the community, they said. Dr Rajesh Sagar, Professor of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, said, "Looking at the current state of long Covid studies in India, it is too premature to say that we understand the condition well enough to know how to diagnose or treat it." Animesh Samanta, assistant professor at School of Natural Sciences in <keyword id="19897094" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shiv-nadar-university" source="keywords">Shiv Nadar University</keyword>, Greater Noida, said, "While studies in India highlight the growing recognition of neurological complications in long Covid patients, more focused research on neuroinflammation is needed." Doctors, too, have reported a rise in patients complaining of symptoms that they did not have pre-Covid. "People who never had <keyword id="6465125" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="asthma" source="Orion">asthma</keyword> in the past, post-Covid, with every viral infection, they get a long cough, shortness of breath and wheezing, which require the use of <keyword id="31257" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="inhalers" source="Orion">inhalers</keyword> or nebuliser," senior consultant Dr Neetu Jain, who runs a post-Covid care clinic at Pushpawati Singhania Hospital and Research Institute, New Delhi, said. Dr Arun Garg, chairman, Neurology and Neurosciences, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, said he was noticing a spike in stroke cases among young patients not suffering from known risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. "Similarly, we are seeing more cases of encephalopathy (swelling of the brain) without reason and having a confused state of mind following one or two days of fever. Their MRI scans show no changes. These patients have increased significantly after Covid," he said. In the absence of medical guidelines to diagnose long Covid, doctors are having to resort to broad, non-specific tests and questionnaires to gauge a patient's 'quality of life'. Studies have shown that the fatigue experienced in long Covid is similar to that in cancer patients, with a quality of life similar to patients of Parkinson's disease. "We really do not have any test to diagnose long Covid, even though it is definitely a clinical diagnosis. We diagnose long Covid for people who had at least moderate to severe infection, following which they could never regain the quality of life pre-Covid. Checking for inflammatory markers like C-reactive proteins (CRP) can support the diagnosis," Dr Jain said. "Other than routine blood tests that measure inflammation, we do antibody tests to look for direct markers. In many of these patients, we are finding rare antibodies which are very new to us and were not there pre-Covid," Dr Garg said. Inflammation persisting despite recovery from acute Covid infection is thought to lie at the heart of long Covid. However, tests to measure this specific immune response are lacking, even as researchers have been working in this direction worldwide. One such effort comes from Shiv Nadar University, where a team led by Samanta has developed a fluorescent probe capable of detecting inflammation in brain cells that can arise due to Covid infection. The probe measures nitric oxide levels in brain cells, especially in human microglia cells, where increased NO levels are linked to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microglia are immune cells in the brain that fight disease and help maintain brain health. Lysosomes within microglia, which help clear foreign disease-causing agents like the SARS-CoV-2 virus, produce nitric oxide as part of an immune response to infection. The probe detects nitric oxide produced in lysosomes in response to infection and thereby allows for a measurement of inflammation levels. This examination method can provide "qualitative information on infection status", said Samanta, corresponding author on the study published in the journal Analytical Chemistry in American Chemical Society. He explained that patients with pre-existing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis (an autoimmune disorder) could exhibit prolonged neuroinflammation and loss of brain cells following Covid infection. While the probe has shown efficacy in cell cultures, animal studies would need to be done, before testing it in humans, Samanta said. Looking at the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the study by Harvard Medical School had found that 587 clinical studies were conducted on long Covid, of which about 53% (312) were testing potential treatments. Most of these were found to be conducted in the US (58), followed by India (55) and Spain (20). The trials looked at interventions including physical exercise, psychotherapy, and pharmacological ones such as paxlovid and fluvoxamine. However, "to date, only 11 of these 312 studies have published their results that were not confirmative," the researchers wrote. The team called for studies to look into sleep disorders which were rarely included in the registered clinical studies. Further, interventions targeting the biological processes responsible for long Covid are needed but currently lacking, they said.

Doctors struggle to treat long Covid patients in India; researchers point to inadequate studies

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Most people with severe <keyword id="25918" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="allergies">allergies</keyword> will not react to a COVID-19 vaccination.</li><li>None of the shots from Moderna, Pfizer, and J&amp;J contain preservatives. They have no eggs or latex in them.</li><li>But they do include some other fatty substances, which, in rare cases, people can react to. </li></ul>More than <a href="https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations">44 million people</a> across the US have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 - that's about 13% of the country.Just a very small fraction of those people, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7004e1.htm">about 0.00045%,</a> have had an <keyword id="32704" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="allergic-reaction">allergic reaction</keyword>. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-29-allergic-reactions-to-covid19-vaccines-5-million-vaccinated-2021-1">Their symptoms ranged</a> from localized hives to wheezing or even life-threatening anaphylaxis."Fortunately, I'm not aware of anybody actually dying from getting the vaccine," Dr. Sanjeev Jain, a board-certified allergist, immunologist, and CEO of Columbia Allergy, told Insider.Culprits at work in the three authorized vaccines, allergy-wise, seem to stem from a couple of ingredients: polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polysorbate. These are <a href="https://fda.report/UNII/3WJQ0SDW1A">common additives</a>, which help many products better maintain their moisture and stick together in a uniform way. In the drug industry, these substances can be used to deliver fragile vaccines and medications in convenient formulations. They're also used in many other ways to make things run smoother, and can be found in everything from processed foods to colonoscopy prep solutions and face creams. PEG and polysorbate are key ingredients in the COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the US (both Pfizer and Moderna's shots include PEG, while Johnson &amp; Johnson's shot has polysorbate in it).But Dr. Jain says, even if you do have an allergy to one of those vaccine ingredients, there are still ways to get vaccinated safely. In fact, if you've ever used a laxative, you may already have a pretty good indication of your risk.<h2>What are the reactive ingredients in the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer, Moderna, and J&amp;J?</h2>While some people may want to <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download">pore</a> <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download">over</a> the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download">ingredients</a> listed in each vaccine, it's important for people with severe allergies to also have a basic understanding of what's not in any of these vaccines.There are no preservatives, no eggs, and no latex. The ingredients to focus on are PEG and polysorbate.<div type="image" title="Pfizer vial" height="2000" width="3000" msid="81638320" hostid="261"></div>Pfizer and Moderna's vaccines are extremely similar and both contain PEG.The shots are <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/hcp/mrna-vaccine-basics.html">messenger RNA-based (mRNA)</a>, and include a combination of fats, salts, sugar and acids, to carry the vaccine's critical genetic instruction manuals into the body, to teach it to fight off the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword>. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the fatty substances (or, lipids) included in both vaccines to help stabilize and package the key ingredients. J&amp;J's shot is different.It works by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fauci-johnson-and-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-differences-pfizer-moderna-2021-3">injecting viral DNA into a person's arm, not mRNA.</a> Instead of PEG, it has polysorbate in it.But that doesn't mean J&amp;J's vaccine is necessarily a better option for people with severe PEG allergies. The <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/janssen/downloads/Janssen-Standing-Orders.pdf">CDC stresses there</a> is "cross-reactive hypersensitivity" between PEG and polysorbate, meaning that someone who's allergic to one substance could also react to the other. "Polysorbate is a very similar chemical to polyethylene glycol," Jain said. "So, there is a good chance that if somebody is allergic to polyethylene glycol, they're going to be allergic to polysorbate as well."<h2>People with PEG allergies may tolerate J&amp;J's shot a little better </h2><div type="image" title="afghanistan covid-19 vaccine" height="1467" width="2200" msid="81638324" hostid="261"></div>The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not recommending that anyone with allergies <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fda-people-allergies-can-take-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-2020-12">avoid COVID-19 vaccination</a>, categorically.But, the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/specific-groups/allergies.html">CDC says</a> that you should avoid any particular vaccine that contains an ingredient you are allergic to (such as PEG or polysorbate). That's why Pat Wyman, CEO of HowtoLearn.com (a website focused on teaching people <a href="https://howtolearn.teachable.com/p/about">how to improve their learning and recall skills)</a> waited until J&amp;J's shot was available at her local pharmacy in order to get vaccinated.Wyman is allergic to PEG, and even a little bit of it included in a face cream can give her a headache. "I've had so many allergic reactions to medications," she told Insider, adding that she always carries around two EpiPens in her purse, just in case of an attack. Her doctor recommended that she find a place offering <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/johnson-and-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-arguably-the-best-2021-2">J&amp;J's single-dose vaccine,</a> and Wyman did, at her local pharmacy, on March 10. "We still have to exercise caution, but it makes me happier that I did it," she said of being vaccinated.After vaccination, Wyman did have some severe <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-moderna-pfizer-2021-2">vaccine side effects</a>, including a high fever, chills, and a headache that began "two seconds" after vaccination she said, and lasted for five days. She thinks that's probably related to the vaccine's polysorbate component.Still, as an immunocompromised person, she knows the risk of catching COVID-19 far overshadows that "temporary discomfort" of getting vaccinated."I would do it again in a heartbeat, because it is so important for me to feel safer in general," she said. "More than that, I want to be able to spend quality time with my family and be able to hug my children, and my grandchildren, and travel!"<h2>Allergists are using laxatives to find out if patients have sensitivity to the COVID-19 vaccines</h2><div type="image" title="china covid-19 vaccine" height="1466" width="2200" msid="81638327" hostid="261"></div>There are ways to find out if you might have an allergic reaction to a <keyword id="8904563" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19-vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</keyword> beforehand.One good indication that you may be at risk, Jain said, is if you've already reacted to a previous vaccination (like the flu vaccine). If that's the case, consult an allergist before you get vaccinated. If you are severely allergic to a particular vaccine's ingredients, your doctor may still be able to recommend a treatment that will make it safe to take the vaccine, though it is time-intensive. "What a lot of allergists are doing now is systematically testing people for possible polyethylene glycol allergy," Jain said.One way to do that in relative safety is for an allergist to administer their patient a bit of Miralax, a laxative that includes PEG. Then, the patient might start to feel nauseous or get a headache - red flags that they probably are sensitive to PEG. After that screening, those people may choose to undergo desensitization. Jain's practice has desensitized several people to PEG after they had a reaction to their first dose of Pfizer or Moderna's vaccines.The desensitization process involves two six-hour sessions, where patients are administered PEG in tiny, incremental doses, using an IV. Dr. Jain starts with a dose of .1 mg of PEG and increases the dosage every 20 minutes.Patients must get their second dose of mRNA vaccine within 24 hours of their second IV session, as PEG stays in the body for a full day, and patients won't have a reaction during that time. <h2>What to do before your vaccine appointment if you're nervous about having a reaction</h2><div type="image" title="FILE - In this July 8, 2016, file photo, a pharmacist holds a package of EpiPens epinephrine auto-injector, a Mylan product, in Sacramento, Calif. On Tuesday, March 24, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned the public about malfunctions involving some EpiPens, the emergency injectors for severe allergic reactions.&#xa0;(AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli, File)" height="2211" width="3316" msid="81638329" hostid="261"></div>Before going in for vaccination, people who are concerned about their potential for allergic reaction to COVID-19 vaccines may choose to take an antihistamine, like Zyrtec or Benadryl. Taking an antihistamine if you have mild symptoms after the shot is also fine, Jain said (though, if you're having any trouble breathing, seek clinical care). Vaccination sites are also required to have epinephrine for allergic reactions on hand, but talk to your vaccinator to confirm that's the case, and let them know more about your specific allergy history. Then, make sure to stick around for a full 30 minute observation period after vaccination. Take comfort when you leave the vaccine site then, knowing that almost all allergic reactions <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7004e1.htm">occur in the 15 minutes after</a> vaccine administration.

How to know if you're allergic to the COVID-19 vaccines by Moderna, Pfizer, or J&J

You Searched For "Sarjita Jain The viral fever" and got 5 results

Sarjita Jain - Channel Head, Girliyapa, The Viral Fever on portrayal of women in ads

Karuna Sharma

Women Leaders of the advertising and media industry talk about gender politics, glass ceiling and pay gap

Karuna Sharma

Doctors struggle to treat long Covid patients in India; researchers point to inadequate studies

Business Insider India

How to know if you're allergic to the COVID-19 vaccines by Moderna, Pfizer, or J&J

Hilary Brueck,Kelsie Sandoval

Coronavirus cases in Madhya Pradesh rises to 572

BI India Bureau

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