New Delhi, Jul 15 () The Supreme Court said on Wednesday that from July 27 it would commence day to day hearing through video conferencing on a batch of pleas challenging Maharashtra law granting reservation to Marathas in education and jobs. The top court, which refused to pass any interim stay order on the quota, said chances of physical court seem remote due to the persisting COVID-19 pandemic. A bench of Justices L N Rao, Hemant Gupta and S Ravindra Bhatt asked the parties said that all parties should sit together and decide on modalities of hearing like who will take how much time and no one shall repeat the arguments. During the hearing, senior advocate Shyam Divan appearing for some of the petitioners, said that this type of a case needs to be heard in a physical court. "If we are constrained, then give us the earliest possible date. There is tremendous urgency in the matter. We may also need to revisit the concept of interlocutory relief," he said, adding that there is a whole group of post graduate students who have their careers at risk. Senior advocate Kapil Sibal said that there is also an issue of 10 per cent reservation for Economically Weaker Section which too needs to be heard. The bench said that if it needs to be heard, then it would consider it. Divan pointed out that there is a huge chunk of 12 to 13 per cent reservation which has been taken away. He said that High Court is bound by the orders of the Supreme Court and nine-judge bench of the top court had already said that quota should not exceed 50 per cent. The bench said it is listing the matter on July 27. Advocate Shivaji M Jadhav told the bench that virtual hearing is not possible looking at compilation of 1,000 of pages. The bench asked the counsel as when does he think COVID19 will subside and regular courts will start? "Let's start the hearings. But lawyers, please ensure that you don't repeat yourselves," the bench said. The Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Act, 2018 was enacted to grant reservation to people of Maratha community in Maharashtra in jobs and admissions. The Bombay High Court, while upholding the law in June last year, had held that 16 per cent reservation was not justifiable and said that quota should not exceed 12 per cent in employment and 13 per cent in admissions. On July 7, some of the lawyers appearing in the matter told the bench that physical hearing was required in the case as the issue might not be adjudicated upon properly in virtual hearing through video-conferencing. The bench had then observed that physical hearing at present may not be possible and it would consider the aspect of interim relief in the matter next week. The apex court is presently hearing matter only through video-conferencing amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The top court had last month sought response from the Maharashtra government on a separate plea of six MBBS doctors, filed through advocate Amit Anand Tiwari, seeking a direction that the state law granting 12 per cent quota to Marathas not be made applicable for admissions in the post graduate medical and dental courses for academic year 2020-2021. On February 5, the apex court had refused to stay the high court order upholding the Maharashtra law granting reservation to Marathas in education and jobs. Earlier, the top court had in July last year decided to examine the constitutional validity of the Maharashtra law, but refused to stay the high court order upholding the statute with some modifications. The high court, in its June 27, 2019, order, had said the 50-per cent cap on total reservations imposed by the Supreme Court could be exceeded in exceptional circumstances. It had also accepted Maharashtra government's argument that the Maratha community was socially and educationally backward and it was duty-bound to take steps for its progress. The high court had said though the reservation was valid, its quantum -- 16 per cent -- was not justifiable and it should be reduced to 12 per cent and 13 per cent, as recommended by the State Backward Classes Commission. One of the plea filed in the apex court had claimed that the SEBC Act breached the 50 per cent ceiling on reservation fixed by the top court in its landmark judgment in the Indira Sahwney case, also known as the 'Mandal verdict'. The framing of the SEBC Act for Marathas was done under "political pressure" and in "full defiance" of the constitutional principles of equality and rule of law, one of the pleas have claimed. According to the 102nd amendment to the Constitution, reservation can be granted only if a particular community is named in the list prepared by the President. On November 30, 2018, the Maharashtra legislature had passed a bill granting 16-per cent reservation to Marathas. The report submitted by the State Backward Classes Commission was based on quantifiable and contemporaneous data and was correct in classifying the Maratha community as socially and educationally backward, the high court had said in its verdict. MNL ABA SJK SA

Maratha reservation: SC to conduct day to day hearing from July 27 via video conferencing

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<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c7ed3ee262898324c48d15d-2000/timothy brown hiv cure berlin patient.jpg" border="0" alt="timothy brown HIV cure berlin patient" data-mce-source="Brendan Smialowski/AFP/GettyImages" data-mce-caption="Timothy Brown, previously known as the Berlin Patient, was considered the first person to be cured of the AIDS virus. Now scientists think they may have done it a second time." />Brendan Smialowski/AFP/GettyImagesTimothy Brown, previously known as the Berlin Patient, was considered the first person to be cured of the AIDS virus. Now scientists think they may have done it a second time.</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientists say they may have cured a man's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/hivaids" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AIDS</a> by performing a stem cell transplant to treat his cancer.</li><li>Only one other person has been deemed "cured" of AIDS before. He's also a cancer patient who got a stem-cell transplant.</li><li>HIV/AIDS researchers say this is an exciting development, but it's also a risky strategy, perhaps even life-threatening.</li></ul>First there was one, now there are two: A second cancer patient has been treated with a bone marrow transplant, and it looks like that treatment cured him of AIDS.This is the second time scientists have done this - the first person cured of AIDS was an American man named <a href="http://defeathiv.org/berlin/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Timothy Brown</a> (originally nicknamed "the Berlin patient"). Brown received a bone marrow transplant in 2007 to help treat his aggressive leukemia. The new patient who may also have been cured has Hodgkin's lymphoma and lives in the UK."It's cool because before this we had an 'n' of one," microbiologist Jeffrey Milush, who directs the UCSF Core Immunology Laboratory, told Business Insider. (Milush was not involved in the latest research.) "Now we've got two people." The scientists behind the feat are still approaching the case cautiously, though. "At 18 months post-treatment interruption, it is premature to conclude that this patient has been cured," they wrote in the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1027-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">journal Nature Tuesday</a>. But essentially, they think that's what they've done.In both cases, the patients weren't specifically trying to cure their HIV; they were dealing with aggressive strains of cancer, and their oncologists recommended bone marrow transplants to treat it.The reason that these specific bone marrow transplants seem to be capable of curing HIV is because both of the bone-marrow donors had a genetic mutation that made them more resistant to a common kind of HIV (the kind both patients had). "It does give them some superpower, in the sense of being protected from <a href="https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-science/types-strains" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CCR5 </a>-using HIV," Milush said. CCR5 is one kind of HIV. But even though Brown is cured of that strain, he still has to take medications that prevent another strain, CXCR4, from replicating in his body. "They're not impervious to infection," Milush said. "They are just more resistant to the major type of HIV."<h2>What these cases mean for the future of HIV/AIDS treatment </h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/58f6817cf40daef5008b5585-2048/8116089104d1eae6a2e3k.jpg" border="0" alt="surgeon surgery doctor" data-mce-source="Phalinn Ooi/flickr" data-link="https://www.flickr.com/photos/phalinn/8116089104/in/photolist-dnc5wL-bmGx26-q6KAwA-nooYuh-6NZfwr-h9md1-pxPsTL-cMQok5-5ymmFN-bU4M1g-FARmJ-bFa1sq-pryhMT-f5QSHr-bFa2Wf-LZQvE-ctKjj7-aSucC4-echgo7-jwDVTr-kfJDMX-49msE1-KD22K-Rvn54d-aSugFv-khi6zP-cP54dS-RU8XYM-RvnXxq-k4bkyK-c5Qt7y-7SbKyq-k4bYKB-8wZMfo-qbiWr1-noGUgU-dnc2RX-dnbUv1-dnbJRV-RyVwAw-p6QEPc-njMBig-dugcMs-dngY3B-dnc3sX-bnxR3q-4ichZs-dnbYmo-dnc4Qj-T7Dzg1" /><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/phalinn/8116089104/in/photolist-dnc5wL-bmGx26-q6KAwA-nooYuh-6NZfwr-h9md1-pxPsTL-cMQok5-5ymmFN-bU4M1g-FARmJ-bFa1sq-pryhMT-f5QSHr-bFa2Wf-LZQvE-ctKjj7-aSucC4-echgo7-jwDVTr-kfJDMX-49msE1-KD22K-Rvn54d-aSugFv-khi6zP-cP54dS-RU8XYM-RvnXxq-k4bkyK-c5Qt7y-7SbKyq-k4bYKB-8wZMfo-qbiWr1-noGUgU-dnc2RX-dnbUv1-dnbJRV-RyVwAw-p6QEPc-njMBig-dugcMs-dngY3B-dnc3sX-bnxR3q-4ichZs-dnbYmo-dnc4Qj-T7Dzg1">Phalinn Ooi/flickr</a></div></div></div>These types of stem cell transplants require harvesting blood marrow from a compatible human donor, wiping out the cancer patient's own immune system, then reconstituting it with the donated marrow. The cancer patient has to take potent drugs that help their body accept the donor's immune system.It's an expensive, invasive, and extremely complicated immunological dance, and bone marrow transplants <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/about/pac-20384854" target="_blank" rel="noopener">can be fatal</a>. "It's not simple," Milush said.It's also not a realistic treatment option for most HIV patients, who don't necessarily have cancer. More than <a href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">38,000 Americans</a> were infected with HIV last year, and <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/aids-hiv.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">6,160 US deaths</a> were directly attributed to HIV in 2016. Public health experts in the US <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-state-of-the-union-end-hiv-in-us-by-2030-2019-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">have a bullish plan to end HIV in the US by 2030</a>, but it does not involve expensive and dangerous bone-marrow transplants."You've gotten millions upon millions of people infected with HIV, and you certainly aren't going to be doing stem cell transplants on all of them," Milush said. "We need something that's going to be able to be rolled out to the mass population. If we focus only on these bone-marrow transplants, I think we're going to miss the opportunity to treat the widest group of people."The most promising way to end HIV in the US, experts say, is to manage infected patients' viral loads with drugs, and to prevent the disease from spreading to more people."We have very effective antiretroviral therapy, and when people are on retroviral therapy and achieve an undetectable viral level, they cannot transmit the disease," US Health and Human Services assistant secretary for health Brett Giroir told reporters in February. But although various drugs on the market can make HIV a livable disease, it is still a dangerous condition if not treated well. And while these drug cocktails are good at controlling the virus, they don't eradicate it. So scientists like Milush are still on the hunt for a full-on HIV cure for all. Some of the most promising strategies to date include extracting and genetically transforming patients' own virus cells (sometimes with the CRISPR gene editing-technique), or a vaccine.The new case could also help scientists by informing future research into cures that would be less dangerous than bone-marrow transplants. "Continuing our research, we need to understand if we could knock out this [CCR5] receptor in people with HIV, which may be possible with gene therapy," lead study author Ravindra Gupta said in a release. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/charlie-sheen-paid-to-keep-hiv-secret-2015-11">Charlie Sheen said he paid $10 million in 'shakedown' money to keep his HIV a secret</a></h3> <div> <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/6IpkSriJ-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script> </div> </div>

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