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<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Ramesh+Raskar">Ramesh Raskar</a> is an Associate Professor at <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT). He’s also the head of <keyword id="249474" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="MIT-Media-Lab">MIT Media Lab</keyword>'s Camera Culture research group. He received the TR100 Award from Technology Review and holds over fifty patents. 
 
His lab has co-produced a new device to compute refractive error of eye (prescription for eyeglasses) on a mobile phone. This has spun out as a new venture EyeNetra.com. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Ramesh+Raskar">Raskar</a> has also co-authored one of the earliest books on virtual and augmented reality, Spatial Augmented Reality and made it freely available for download. 
 
Business Insider caught up with <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Ramesh+Raskar">Ramesh</a> during his short trip to India, and got chatting about startup myths, <keyword id="94495" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="80" keywordseo="Innovation">innovation</keyword>, and India’s digital ecosystem. 
 
The Biggest Startup Myth 
The idea that one person has to be the complete package. The innovator is not always the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a>. He just wants to solve the problem, and the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a> looks to capitalize on that. 
 
In the West there is often enough of a mix. One comes up with an idea, showcases the demo, builds a team, chooses the CEO and raises funds. 
 
Here, if you want to do something simple, like<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=+e-commerce"> e-commerce</a> or hyper-local delivery you could probably do it. All the tools already exist, and you don’t need a technologist. However, if you want to do something moderately meaningful, you have to think in a completely new way. 
 
Why can’t we have an innovator-cum-entrepreneur in one? 
Why wait! Why not create an ecosystem where these can be two separate people! 
 
Even culturally, the people who do technical work (innovation) are different from the communities that do business. 
 
So you support the co-founder model? 
That’s ideal. 
 
The likelihood of that happening here is very low, unlike the West. You’ve got to get this match-making, this arranged marriage correct. 
 The innovator looks for the problem, and the <keyword id="6359301" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</keyword> will try to find the best product market fit. 
 
So young startups shouldn’t have business plans for VCs? 
VCs are sitting at the top of the food chain. 
 
At the beginning you often have University students with class projects. Family and friends fund their projects, seed funds and incubators take care of them, and finally VCs come in. 
 
VCs are so late in the game that they’re actually doing a disservice by trying to mimic the western model. Why can’t we have a model where we don’t put the onus on the innovator to monetize! 
 
Our institutes and incubators need to change their thinking and allow innovation on important problems. They can then find correct entrepreneurs to monetize these models. 
 
So we’re pushing the money bit a bit too much? 
We’re pushing the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Flipkart">Flipkarts</a> and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Snapdeal">Snapdeal</a>s in front of the eyes of young entrepreneurs, and saying just because they did it, you can do it. For one Tendulkar, there are thousands who didn’t make it. 
 
Let’s not be in a country where few win, and most lose. That’s where the bubble comes from. 
 
The one question an innovator must ask before banking on an idea. 
The only question for the innovator is whether he’s working on a really important problem. 
 
Anything else, like how to commercialize and monetize it can come later. 
 
What’s the question an entrepreneur should be asking? 
Just two words – unfair advantage. 
 
They must know the market very well. They can have an awesome innovator onboard, or be privy to changes in the market that others are not aware of. 
 
Should the innovator give in to the demand of the times? 
Innovators are pushing, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a>s are pulling. 
 
Entrepreneurs can worry about what people want. They may not realize the solution to that. An innovator is really trying to solve the problem, and doesn't care so much about public perception. 
 
Why did we start the startup revolution so late? 
The newly digital users are the key. We didn’t have digital consumers back in the days. 
 
When you have millions of newly digital consumers, you can do something with them. As your tangent kicks up, even a tiny delta of digital users transforms everything. 
 
Message to Indian startups 
Your focus shouldn’t be how to raise funds. Funds will come if you do something interesting. 
 
Image credit: MIT

Exclusive: MIT Professor Ramesh
Raskar busts biggest Startup Myths

<ul><li>The Indian government has announced a ₹3 lakh bounty for anyone who can find a vulnerability with its COVID-19 tracking app, <keyword id="8995296" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="aarogya-setu">Aarogya Setu</keyword>. </li><li>You can also win a reward of ₹1 lakh if you make a valid suggestion for how the app can be improved. </li><li>Aarogya Setu’s open-source code is up for analysis on GitHub for developers to grab — and it’s a way for the government to lay to rest any privacy concerns that people may have. </li></ul>There’s a ₹1 lakh reward up for grabs for anyone who can find a valid way to improve the Indian government’s COVID-19 tracking app, Aarogya Setu. Another ₹3 lakh is up for grabs if someone can point out a security vulnerability. The government wants to lay to rest any acquisitions or claims about how the data its take from users’ phone can be misappropriated. The open-source code for the contact tracing app has been released on Github and developers are being encouraged to track down any loopholes that they can find — something that many privacy activists have been advocating ever since Aarogya Setu made its way into the limelight. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="76011848" title="Amid privacy concerns, Centre makes Aarogya Setu app open source" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> The ‘bug bounty’ programme is open to Indians as well as foreign nationals. However, only Indians are eligible to claim the money reward offered under the scheme. “This is a unique thing to be done. No other government product anywhere in the world has been open-sourced at this scale,” announced Amitabh Kant, chief executive of NITI Aayog. The government has also promised that any updates to the app will also be made open-source through the same repository. The question of privacy The Indian government’s COVID-19 tracking app has repeatedly been under the lens during the lockdown. With Aarogya Setu asking for permission to access users’ data, people are concerned that they may be offering up more than they had bargained for — especially since the government of India made it mandatory for everyone to have it on their phones. “You want to make sure that you have the right protection in your application and that equitable data is being collected. It opens up the doors for attackers. From a government’s perspective, you want to make sure that the agencies are taking the right protection,” Yuval Wollman, the President of Cyberproof and former Director-General of Israeli Intelligence told Business Insider. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="75569270" title="Aarogya Setu denies privacy breach, contradicts ethical hacker’s claims" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> Aarogya Setu has had a tough go of it ever since Twitter’s famed Elliot Alderson — real name, Robert Baptiste — pointed out that there is a security issue with the app earlier this month. “The privacy of 90 million Indians is at stake,” he wrote. The makers of Aarogya Setu hit back saying, “No personal information of any user has been proven to be at risk by this ethical hacker. We are continuously testing and upgrading our systems.” “Developing countries, with their limited budgets and resources, need to consider the costs versus the outcomes in tracing exposed individuals in a privacy preserving way,” said <a href="https://medium.com/@rameshboston/going-open-source-for-aarogya-setu-will-help-covid19-efforts-and-drive-innovation-58f97042367c">Ramesh Raskar</a>, an MIT Media Lab professor. According to him, an app like Aarogya Setu runs the risk of exposing private data, which is especially risky considering the large data stores that a population like India has up for grabs. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/experts-explain-the-legal-and-moral-pitfalls-in-aarogya-setu-app-despite-the-governments-insistence-that-a-protocol-has-been-put-in-place/articleshow/75690239.cms">Experts explain the legal and moral pitfalls in Aarogya Setu app ⁠— despite the government’s insistence that a protocol has been put in place</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/amid-privacy-concerns-centre-makes-aarogya-setu-app-open-source/articleshow/76011848.cms">Amid privacy concerns, Centre makes Aarogya Setu app open source</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/govt-likely-to-make-aarogya-setu-app-mandatory-for-flyers-post-lockdown/articleshow/75680125.cms">Govt likely to make Aarogya Setu app mandatory for flyers post lockdown</a>

Hacking Aarogya Setu can win you ₹1 lakh to ₹3 lakh through the Indian government’s ‘bug bounty’ programme

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Books that are centuries old are often&#xa0;too delicate for museums to open, read, or explore without causing damage.&#xa0;But&#xa0;<a href="https://news.mit.edu/2016/computational-imaging-method-reads-closed-books-0909">a new camera</a>&#xa0;developed by a team of MIT researchers can read these books without ever touching&#xa0;them."I wanted to know how deeply you could read a closed book, because no one has ever tried that," researcher Barmark Heshmat <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i25SuJzb0A">said</a> in a video published by the MIT Media Lab.A paper&#xa0;about the new camera was&#xa0;published in "Nature Communication" and&#xa0;<a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12665">notes</a>&#xa0;that it&#xa0;uses&#xa0;terahertz radiation, which falls between the microwave and infrared spectrums.When the radiation passes through the pages of a given book, it causes a pulse to bounce back towards the device at a certain frequency. Terahertz radiation reacts differently when it confronts different chemicals, so&#xa0;the camera uses a&#xa0;complicated algorithm to measure, interpret and translate those frequencies to distinguish the words.&#xa0;The camera is so sensitive that it can also measure how long it takes the radiation to reach the various gaps&#xa0;between pages, thereby determining which&#xa0;content falls on certain&#xa0;pages.<div></div>The research team included&#xa0;Barmak Heshmat, Ramesh Raskar, and Albert Redo Sanchez from MIT, and Justin Romberg and Alireza Aghasi from Georgia Tech. The&#xa0;camera's prototype can currently tell the difference between 20 pages and read the content on the first&#xa0;nine of those pages. The researchers plan to refine the camera so that it can eventually read an entire book without ever flipping&#xa0;open the cover.<h3>Watch MIT's video to learn more:</h3><div></div>&#xa0; <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-iphone-7-plus-two-cameras-2016-9">The iPhone 7 Plus has two cameras - here's why</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Y1MjVyNTE6V4rzNuZDpcUEzIbEa6duY7" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

MIT scientists invented a camera that can read books without opening them

<div class="KonaFilter image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Brian Barsky/UC Berkeley" title_caption="The scientists' vision-correcting concept." class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/53d94ea26da8116a380cebda-960/screen%20shot%202014-07-30%20at%203.57.30%20pm.png"></a>Brian Barsky/UC BerkeleyThe scientists' vision-correcting concept.</div></div>
As ebooks start to replace hardbacks and newspapers shift online, most of the reading we do tends to be from a screen. With this new reality creeping in, a couple of scientists at UC Berkeley and MIT are realizing that we might be in need of an upgrade from reading glasses.
During his research on optometry, UC Berkeley Professor Brian Barsky realized that instead of focusing on how we take in an image, we could instead look at how an image is displayed. And he has since been working on developing a vision-correcting screen that distorts itself according to the viewer's vision.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:200px"><div class="image">Brian A. Barsky</div></div>The technology is powered by complicated software and algorithms that change the light that a screen emits to distort the image a user sees. Barsky compares it with someone who is wearing sunglasses and struggling to see a smartphone screen. Instead of taking off the sunglasses, the person could just up the brightness on the screen.
Similarly, this new technology would alter the image (factoring in more than just brightness) so that the viewer would not need to put on a pair of glasses.
The back-end technology is paired with a physical screen that attaches to a device and helps transmit a specific image. The screen has tiny pinholes that help direct the light in different directions. Combined with the software, it distorts the device's images so that the user perceives it properly.
So instead of having to put on your reading glasses when whipping out your Kindle, the screen would automatically be set to your prescription, letting you see the words clearly.
The technology also has major implications for people with more-complex vision problems. For instance, some people with what is called "spherical aberrations" have irregularly shaped corneas and cannot solve their vision problems with glasses or contact lenses. Their only current option is getting a cornea transplant, but Barsky's technology could provide a new solution.
"I am hopeful that this research may have the potential to help people who currently struggle to see displays," Barsky told Business Insider. "Considering how ubiquitous displays are now in our society, not being able to see a screen can be an impediment to holding down a job."
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_left"><div><div class="image">Brian BarskyThe experimental apparatus Barsky's team is using.</div></div></div>To create a prototype of the screen, Barsky and his UC Berkeley colleagues teamed up with MIT researchers Gordon Wetzstein and Ramesh Raskar. The design is still in its early stages, but it could feasibly become a marketable screen that would attach to devices like tablets, phones, and computers.
"We're not developing a product; rather, we figure out the mathematics and algorithms and try to push the frontiers of science," Barsky said. "We hope that this research will help other scientists and people around the world. It would seem feasible [to bring this to the market], and I am not aware of any major hurdles if people really wanted to do it."
Barsky's team is presenting the display prototype on Aug. 12 at the International Conference and Exhibition on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Vancouver, Canada.

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