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<ul><li>A cyborg cockroach has been created by Japanese scientists that is powered by a solar cell on its back.</li><li>Its leg-moving components and battery are fitted into a 'backpack' on the thorax of a cockroach.</li><li>The <keyword id="23925" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cockroaches" source="Orion">cockroaches</keyword> might be used in search and rescue missions along with environmental monitoring in the future.</li></ul>It may sound like something has crawled out of your nightmares, <keyword id="1254552" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cyborg-cockroaches" source="Orion">cyborg cockroaches</keyword> have arrived as friends rather than enemies.<br />Japanese scientists have engineered a system for creating remote-controlled cyborg cockroaches. Cyborg cockroaches are equipped with a tiny wireless control module powered by a rechargeable battery attached to a solar cell. Despite the mechanical devices, flexible and ultrathin electronics allow cockroaches to move freely. The team of scientists at the <keyword id="14909932" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RIKEN-Cluster" source="Orion">RIKEN Cluster</keyword> for Pioneering Research (CPR) has reported the result in the scientific<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-022-00207-2"> journal npj Flexible Electronics.</a><br />The cyborg cockroaches, which are part insect and part machine, are intended to enter hazardous areas, monitor the environment or undertake search and rescue missions without needing to be recharged.<br /><div type="image" title="cyborg cockroaches" msid="94022456" hostid="261" sizebytes="22384"></div>The body-mounted ultrathin organic solar cell achieves a power output of 17.2mW. Also, researchers have claimed that these ultrathin and flexible solar cell doesn’t come in the way of the cockroach’s movement.<br />Kenjiro Fukuda researcher at RIKEN CPR leads the experiment. The team used Madagascar cockroaches which are approximately 6cm (2.4- inches) long. They attached the wireless leg-control module and lithium polymer battery to the top of the cockroach by using a specially designed backpack. This was modelled after creating a 3D body model of a cockroach allowing researchers to create a stable and thin module.<br /><a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11180959/Scientists-create-cyborg-COCKROACH-solar-powered-backpack-steered-remotely.html#v-7936541137059494987" data-type="tilCustomLink">Watch video here</a><br />The solar cell module is just 0.004mm thick and produces 50 times more energy than can be harvested from living insects, said Fukuda.<br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Cockroaches to robo-roach" comment="subhead" text="Cockroaches to robo-roach"><span data-til="noop">Cockroaches to robo-roach</span></cmsannotation><br />Famously able to survive nuclear war, cockroaches have been an inspiration for several technologies in recent years.<br />During the experiment, scientists attached wires to the sensory organs of cockroaches on the end of their abdomens. They send electrical impulses that cause the insect to move left or right. A unit of the battery was necessary for sending and receiving these electrical signals therefore RIKEN team built a solar-powered module so that they did not need to return to a docking station or its handler when it ran out of power.<br />The solar-powered module was attached to the top of the insect’s thorax, perfectly fitting the Madagascar cockroach’s curved surface. Further, the system was stable on the insect for over a month.<br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="How could cyborg cockroaches help in disaster zones?" comment="subhead" text="How could cyborg cockroaches help in disaster zones?"><span data-til="noop">How could cyborg cockroaches help in disaster zones?</span></cmsannotation><br />Back in November 2014, the researchers at North Carolina State University fitted cockroaches with electrical backpacks complete with tiny microphones capable of detecting faint sounds.<br />The idea behind the experiment was that cyborg cockroaches enter the crumpled buildings hit by earthquakes or any other natural disaster and help in find the survivors.<br />According to Alper Bozkurt, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at North Carolina State University, the sound is the best way to find the survivors in the crumpled building. Further, he added, “The goal is to use the <keyword id="2485262" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="biobots" source="Orion">biobots</keyword> with high-resolution microphones to differentiate between sounds that matter - like people calling for help - from sounds that don't matter - like a leaking pipe.” “Once we've identified sounds that matter, we can use the biobots equipped with microphone arrays to zero in on where those sounds are coming from.”<br />By electrically stimulating the cyborg cockroaches, they are prompted to move in a certain direction. Also, the module is equipped with three directional microphones to detect the direction of the sound more efficiently and steer the cyborg cockroaches in the right direction.<br />Further, cyborg cockroaches can be fitted with a single microphone to capture sound from any direction, which can be wirelessly transmitted, perhaps in the future to emergency workers.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/an-87-year-old-woman-pulls-a-tony-stark-by-giving-a-speech-at-her-funeral-via-ai-powered-holograph/articleshow/93609426.cms">An 87-year-old woman pulls a Tony Stark by giving a speech at her funeral via AI-powered holograph</a><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/surgeons-use-virtual-reality-to-separate-twins-with-conjoined-heads-in-a-27-hour-long-surgery/articleshow/93314424.cms"><strong>Surgeons use virtual reality to separate twins with conjoined heads in a 27-hour-long surgery</strong></a><br />

Scientists create remote-controlled cyborg cockroaches that can go under search and rescue missions

<p><a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/prize_announcements/">On October 7</a>, a lucky few will join the ranks of Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, and Enrico Fermi, among others, when the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announces this year's Physics Nobel Prize awardees.</p>
<p>There are a few groups of scientists in the running. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-nobel-prize-science-predictions-see-honors-for-pain-leds-and-more-2014-9">Thomson Reuters just announced</a> their list of potential Nobel candidates in each field: chemistry, physics, medicine, and economics. They use algorithms to mine the scientific literature for highly-cited authors to identify the most influential researchers.</p>
<p>Since they started these predictions 12 years ago, Thomson Reuters has accurately predicted 35 Nobel Prize winners, nine of the predictions came true the year of the forecast, and 16 won within two years.</p>
<p>This year's batch of potential Physics Nobel laureates include seven physicists who work on advancing different points of computing technology to next-generation communications.</p>
<h2>Charles L. Kane, Laurens W. Molenkamp, and Shoucheng Zhang</h2>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"></div><p></p></div></div>Thomson Reuters predicts that these three will win for their work on two related developments.</p>
<p>The first is their work on the theory behind and experimentation with a special type of material, called a topological insulator, which easily conducts electricity on its surface. The second development involves their investigations into a newly-realized state of matter called the quantum spin Hall state.</p>
<p>Together these two areas of research could help make way for tiny electronic circuits that could enable faster computer processing and storage.</p>
<p>During the mid-2000s Kane at the University of Pennsylvania and Zhang at Stanford University independently predicted the different types of materials that could be used as a topological insulator.</p>
<p>In 2007 Molenkamp, at the University of Wurzburg in Germany, was the first to conduct an experiment that verified theoretical predictions of the quantum spin Hall effect, which describes how electrons cluster on a material like a topological conductor. Verifying this effect carries important applications for information technology, particularly in quantum computing.</p>
<h2>James F. Scott, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, and Yoshinori Tokura</h2>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"></div><p></p></div></div>Thomson Reuters forecasts these three scientists could win for their pioneering research on a powerful type of data storage device, called ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM), and on the materials that have the capacity for this type of technology.</p>
<p>In 1989 James Scott, who is now at the University of Cambridge, changed the world of electronics when he developed a type of integrated circuit memory device that consumes less power and records data into storage faster. This development led to the creation of FeRAM memory technology and since then Scott has been known as "the father of integrated ferroelectrics."</p>
<p>If you have a Playstation 2, then you have this FeRAM technology in your home. When it was released in the year 2000, the Playstation 2 was the first large-scale commercial use of FeRAM.</p>
<p>Some materials are better for FeRAM than others, and Ramesh at the University of California Berkeley has spent the better part of decade identifying them and studying their ferroelectric properties. His work has led to materials used in USB flash memory, solid-state drives, and similar products.</p>
<p>Yoshinori Tokura of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">Science</keyword> and also of the University of Tokyo has also been investigating different materials with ferroelectric properties. In 2003, he discovered a special type of manganite mineral that has opened up a new realm of research and could lead to more new types of memory devices.</p>
<h2>Peidong Yang</h2>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>The third and final Thomson Reuters contender for the Physics Nobel is Peidong Yang, for his contributions to nanowire photonics, which could lead to next-generation computer technology that has super-fast data processing and transmission capabilities.</p>
<p>A nanowire is a minuscule-sized rod made of semiconducting material and nanowire photonics is the study of how light interacts with this material at nano-scales.</p>
<p>In 2001, Yang at the University of California Berkeley created one of the <a href="http://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/nanowire-laser.html">smallest lasers in history</a>, called a nanowire nanolaser. The nanowire nano laser measured just less than 100 nanometers in diameter, about 1000 times thinner than a typical human hair.</p>
<p>Right now, nanowires only exist in the lab, but scientists like Yang are pioneering the effort to figure out how to use these tiny devices to manipulate a new generation of computing devices.</p>

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Scientists create remote-controlled cyborg cockroaches that can go under search and rescue missions

Rahul Verma

Meet The Scientists Who Could Win This Year's Physics Nobel Prize

Jessica Orwig

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