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<ul><li>The deep depression in the Arabian Sea strengthened into a cyclonic storm 'Nisarga' on Tuesday morning and will make landfall close to Alibag, 94 kms south of Mumbai on the afternoon of June 3.</li><li>Landfall is when the eye of the cyclone move to land after being on the water </li><li>A landfall often carries heavy winds, lashing rains, increasing sea level that can pose threat to people living in the neighbouring region. </li></ul> The deep depression in the Arabian Sea strengthened into a cyclonic storm 'Nisarga' on Tuesday morning and will make landfall close to Alibag, 94 kms south of Mumbai on the afternoon of June 3. It will make landfall as a 'severe cyclonic storm' with a wind speed of 100-110 kmh gusting to 120 kmh. The cyclonic storm is currently located 280 km west-southwest of Panjim (Goa), 430km south-southwest of Mumbai (Maharashtra) and 640 km south-southwest of Surat (Gujarat). What is Landfall? According to the US National Hurricane Center, “A Landfall is the intersection of the center of a tropical cyclone with a coastline.” In other words, landfall is when the eye of the cyclone move to land after being on the water. This does not mean that cyclone has ‘hit the land’ or arrived. The cyclone arrives hours before the landfall bringing rainfall and dust storms. A landfall often carries heavy winds, lashing rains, increasing sea level that can pose threat to people living in the neighbouring region. Hurricane or cyclone can start losing its energy and speed after hitting the land as they get energy from the warm ocean water. However, that doesn't happen so quickly. Often, the cyclone can move over to land, its wind field tends to increase. Thus, it can affect a larger area than what scientists may have calculated. A larger wind field along the coast results in storms and rising ocean waves. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/cyclone-amphan-the-strongest-storm-ever-can-cause-large-scale-damage-to-structures-say-indian-authorities/articleshow/75827832.cms">Amphan, the strongest storm ever, "can cause large scale damage to structures", say Indian authorities</a>

Here’s what a cyclone making ‘landfall’ means

<ul><li>
Cyclone 'Fani' makes landfall in Puri near Odisha on Friday morning at 08.00 Hours with speed of gusting 180-200 kmph. </li><li>According to Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), as at 6.30am on Friday Fani was around 70 km away from the south-southwest of Puri.</li></ul>The ‘extremely severe’ Cyclonic storm 'Fani' has begun making landfall in Puri near Odisha as of 8 am on Friday morning with speed of gusting 180-200 kmph. Despite the government disaster management measures, The cyclone is going to affect as many as 10,000 villages. 
 
 
 
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 Nearly a million people have already been evacuated by Indian authorities; the storm is the most severe cyclone since 1999. 
 
 
 
 
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According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), At 6.30am on Friday Fani was around 70 km away from the south-southwest of Puri. 
	
	
	
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At 5.30pm on Thursday ‘Fani’ was located at a distance of 320 km South from Puri. It hit Odisha coast between Gopalpur and Chandbali around Puri. The cyclone is expected to move towards West Bengal with a speed of 115 Kmph. Moreover, the cyclone is expected to move towards north-east region and emerge into Bangladesh on Saturday Evening, said IMD. Storm surge of about 1.5 metres height above astronomical tide is very likely to inundate low lying areas of Ganjam, Khurda, Puri and Jagatsinghpur districts of Odisha at the time of landfall. 
	
	
	
	
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 The affect of landfall has already begun. North Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Odisha are receiving light. The IMD said sea conditions are "very likely to be very rough" to high off north Tamilnadu, Puducherry, along and south Andhra Pradesh coasts till Friday. Fishermen have been advised not to venture into deep sea areas. It warned that the cyclone is likely to cause damages to all types of houses, communication and power poles, road and rail infrastructure. The Odisha government said that around 900 cyclone shelters have been made ready to house the evacuees. "It is estimated that a total of 1150,000 people will have to be moved to safer areas, of which about 330,000 people have already been evacuated," a statement said. 
	
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 Teams of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF) have been put in place. Sinha directed establishment of a central toll free helpline for the general public and asked the Central ministries to set up control rooms to coordinate rescue and relief operations. The Civil Aviation Ministry informed that flight operations from Bhubaneswar were suspended from midnight of Thursday, while operations from Kolkata airport also will remain suspended from Friday morning until conditions improve. The railways have already suspended operations of trains in Odisha and all trains in Bhadrak-Vizianagaram section (of the Kolkata-Chennai route) has been cancelled till Saturday. A total of 140 trains including 83 passenger trains have been cancelled so far. The Indian Coast Guard and the Navy have deployed ships and helicopters for relief and rescue operations while the Army and Air Force units in the states have also been put on standby.

Cyclone 'Fani' makes landfall on India’s East coast

The Cyclonic storm ‘Fani' is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cyclone-fani-what-is-a-landfall/articleshow/69149542.cms">expected to make a landfall</a> on the Odisha coast between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. on Friday with a wind speed ranging up to 180 km per hour. The government is making special efforts to control the potential damages by mass evacuation of over 800,000 people. The name of the Cyclone ‘Fani’, pronounced as ‘Foni’ was suggested by Bangladesh. It means ‘Snake’ or ‘hood of snake’. The practice of naming the cyclones began when authorities found it difficult to use technical names to send warning signals to people. The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) has a <a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/About-us/FAQs/faqs-tropical-cyclones/tropical-cyclone-naming">well-defined process to select the name </a>of each cyclone. India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan and Thailand send names of tropical cyclones developing in the North Indian Ocean to the regional committee. Presently, each country has suggested eight names for cyclones occurring in future. The name ‘Fani’ was decided from a list containing 64 names. Bangladesh also named Cyclone Ockhi that caused severe damages in Kerala. The Cyclone Titli, that hit Andhra and some parts of Odisha last year was named by Pakistan. India also has suggested many names including Agni, Akash, Bijli, Jal, Lehar, Megh, Sagar and Vayu. Here are some other names given by the eight countries :

Here’s how cyclone ‘Fani’ was named — and what it means

Extremely severe cyclone storm cyclone ‘Fani’ hit <keyword id="6357961" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="odisha">Odisha</keyword> earlier in the morning and is now moving northwards. The cyclone had moved close to north coastal Andhra before it made landfall in neighbouring Odisha. 12.30pm West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee on Friday said the state was prepared to combat the extremely severe cyclonic storm Fani that is likely to affect six southern districts, while urging people to stay alert and not to panic. The cyclone made landfall on neighbouring Odisha's eastern coast on Friday morning. Despite extensive damage caused by near 200 kmph winds and heavy to very heavy rainfall, no loss of life has been reported so far. It is now located 418 km southwest of Kolkata and 364 Km, southwest of the East Midnapore district sea resort Digha. Six districts in Gangetic West Bengal likely to be affected are East and West Midnapore, North and South 24 Parganas, Howrah and Kolkata. 12.15pm As a precaution against cyclone 'Fani', the Indian Railway has cancelled 223 trains in the Bhadrak-Vizianagaram section, along the coastal lines of Odisha on the Kolkata-Chennai route till May 4, officials said. A senior Railway Ministry official told IANS: "140 Mail and Express trains and 83 passenger trains have been cancelled till May 4 afternoon on the Bhadrak-Vizianagaram section (along Odisha coastline) of Kolkata-Chennai route." He said that nine trains have been diverted and four trains have been short terminated. 12.00pm As per PIB, Cyclonic Storm 'Fani' lay centered at 10.30 Hours IST today. Puri reported maximum sustained wind speed of 142 Kmph gusting to 174 kmph as of 07.30 IST today. It is very likely to move north-north eastwards and weaken into a very severe cyclonic storm during next 3 hours. 11:46 a.m. West Bengal chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has reportedly cancelled all her political rallies. "We are monitoring the situation 24x7 and doing all it takes. I appeal to all people to cooperate. Be alert, take care and stay safe for the next two days," she tweeted. 11:30 a.m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 11:02 a.m. In Andhra Pradesh, about 20,000 people have reportedly been shifted to 126 relief camps in Srikakulam district, where seven 'mandals' (blocks) are likely to be affected by the cyclone, IANS reported. The area is also under red alert asking people to take preventive measures. 10:55 a.m. Extremely severe cyclone storm cyclone ‘Fani’ hit Odisha earlier in the morning and is now moving northwards. The cyclone had moved close to north coastal Andhra before it made landfall in neighbouring Odisha. The cyclone “is very likely to move North-Northeastwards and further weaken into a “severe cyclonic storm”during the next six hours, the Indian Met Department has said. 10:40 a.m. The cyclone “is very likely to move North-Northeastwards and further weaken into a “severe cyclonic storm”during the next six hours, the Indian Met Department has said.

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Here’s what a cyclone making ‘landfall’ means

BI India Bureau

Cyclone 'Fani' makes landfall on India’s East coast

Preeti Soni

Here’s how cyclone ‘Fani’ was named — and what it means

Preeti Soni

Cyclone Fani updates: Relief operations underway, 4,000 storm shelters set up in Odisha

BI India Bureau

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