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<ul class="summary-list"><li>East Coasters flooded social media with reactions to Friday's earthquake. </li><li>There's a reason East Coast earthquakes travel further than their West Coast counterparts.</li></ul>New Yorkers had a lot of feelings about the 4.8-magnitude earthquake that rocked the East Coast Friday morning, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-yorkers-respond-earthquake-social-media-2024-4">with a litany of jokes and memes flooding social media.</a>Millions felt the quake, United States Geological Survey (USGS) seismologist Paul Earle said in a press briefing Friday, and it also brought <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/travel-halts-new-york-following-earthquake-2024-4">air travel to a temporary halt</a>.But even if earthquakes are <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/WaltHickey/status/1776259646841393358">de rigeur for West Coasters</a> — some of whom <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/TomZohar/status/1776282779493548053">shrugged off</a> the event — the USGS said Friday that there's actually a scientific reason so many East Coasters may have been freaking out.Earthquakes on the East Coast are experienced much further from their epicenters, according to experts — and it all boils down to differing types of rocks on either side of the country.<h2>Why East Coast quakes are felt farther</h2>Seismic waves can travel much farther through the Eastern type of rock — which is old, cold, and dense — before they decay and dissipate."Earthquakes on the East Coast are felt much further — four or five times further than a similar-sized earthquake on the West Coast," Earle said at a press briefing. "The rock is harder, and the seismic waves travel further before they attenuate. And so you're gonna have a lot more people feeling this earthquake than you would a similar-sized earthquake in California."Veronica Cedillos, the president of GeoHazards International, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earthquake-experts-debunk-13-earthquake-survival-myths-social-media-movies-2021-3">previously discussed this distinction</a> with Business Insider."The earthquake waves — seismic waves — can actually travel much further" on the East Coast, she said. "As opposed to the West Coast, where those seismic waves, actually that energy is absorbed much quicker."Basically, on the East Coast, seismic waves "can travel a long distance without fading away," Lingsen Meng, associate professor of geophysics at UCLA, told Business Insider.<h2>West Coast quakes are often much deeper</h2>The types of earthquakes that occur on the East and West coasts are also different. They originate at different depths, which affects how far the waves travel, Ben Fernando, a post-doctoral fellow studying seismology at Johns Hopkins, told BI.The strongest quakes on the West Coast are usually related to subduction in the tectonic plates — where the Pacific plate is being sucked under the North American plate. That means the earthquakes occur very deep underground, Fernando said.On the East Coast, however, there's no active subduction."It's a very different geological setting," Fernando said.East Coast quakes tend to be much more shallow. This one was only 3 miles deep, USGS said Friday.Deeper, West Coast-style quakes usually aren't felt as widely, because the waves have to travel further to the surface.Still, earthquakes are a rarity in the Tri-state area. Friday's quake had an epicenter 30 miles west of Newark, per the USGS, with people reporting effects from Philadelphia to Boston.It was the largest recorded earthquake in New Jersey in nearly 250 years. In 2011, a 5.9 magnitude earthquake hit Virginia — marking the last major rattler to hit the East Coast.

Why earthquakes are felt farther on the East Coast than the West. It's all about the rocks.

<ul><li>Families that were affected by the <keyword id="6369083" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="flood">flood</keyword> have been shifted to 17 makeshift rescue camps. </li><li>The levels of water in three of the major rivers is more than 0.3 meters above the safe limit. </li><li>The meteorological department predicted more rainfall in the upcoming 24 hours.</li></ul>Many regions in the north-eastern state of Tripura in India were hit by floods after heavy rains lashed the state. Non-stop rains for more than 24 hours in the state has left more than 3000 families marooned. Mudslides due to relentless rains claimed four lives in the last four days. The state, that has many rivers, reported severe waterlogging in various parts of the capital city of Agartala and three of the state's rivers are flowing with water levels more than 0.3 meters <a href="https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/tripura-floods-render-around-600-families-homeless201805210531160001/">above</a> the safe limit. Officials said that low lying areas were the worse affected and people were evacuated. The flood situation remains bleak due to teeming rains in the hilly regions of north Tripura that is the source of all the major rivers in the region. The heavy downpour in the hills resulted in a flood in the downstream areas including Agartala, the capital and nearby areas. Schools in many places were closed following the flood. Many portions of the Assam-Agartala National Highway are flooded and disrupted the normal traffic flow. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), fire services, civil defence and volunteers are jointly working to help the affected regions, officials said. More than 3000 families in the state have been relocated to 17 makeshift rescue camps. Chief Minister Biplab Kumar Deb has declared financial assistance for the families of those who died due to the mudslides in several parts of the state, a report on <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/six-killed-around-3000-families-displaced-in-tripura-floods/article23948144.ece">The Hindu</a>. Water levels in the Gomati, Deo, Manu and Haora rivers is increasing every hour, which poses a flood threat throughout the state of Tripura. The Meteorological department has also issued predictions for more rainfall in the next 24 hours and the administration of the state have been alerted to keep a close eye on the situation and conduct rescue work. Image source: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/BJP4Tripura/photos/pcb.1637984572986232/1637984129652943/?type=3&amp;theater" data-type="tilCustomLink">BJP Tripura's Facebook page</a>.

Over 3000 families have been displaced by flash floods in India

<ul><li>Assam floods have affected 22 districts in the state.</li><li>With the launch of the <keyword id="4902488" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sos-alert" source="Orion">SOS alert</keyword>, <keyword id="6355629" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="google" source="Orion">Google</keyword> Search is showing relevant information on the flood situation in Assam.</li><li><keyword id="97416" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="google-maps" source="Orion">Google Maps</keyword> are also highlighting flood-affected areas in Assam.</li></ul>Tech giant Google on Tuesday has launched a combination of Crisis Response efforts (SOS alert) to help communities and people affected by floods in Assam and some parts of North-East India including Bangladesh. With the launch of SOS alert users close to affected areas can look at emergency phone numbers, websites and maps directly via Google Search. SOS alert also highlights the affected areas to assist rescue teams and people who want to give aid to affected people. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Google’s crisis alerts for Assam floods" comment="subhead" text="Google’s crisis alerts for Assam floods">Google’s crisis alerts for Assam floods</cmsannotation> Google SOS alert system for Assam brings combine updates from authoritative local and national sources to the top of search results. If you are close to the flood-affected areas, then Google search will bring up emergency phone numbers, maps and websites. Even, if you are outside the flood-affected area in Assan, the search will show an SOS alert along with a timely update on the situation. The SOS notifications include real-time flood forecasting, ongoing updates from emergency response organizations along with interactive maps. Back in 2017, Google introduced the SOS alert as an integrated feature within its Maps and Search to give real-time updates. Since its launch, the SOS alert has been activated in different causes of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. To assist in natural and man-made disasters Google has established Google.org. It is the charitable arm of Google that has received a donation of $500,000 to the ‘Center for Disaster Philanthropy’ to provide emergency support in the affected areas around the globe. The efforts include restoring household food security through direct cash assistance, dry ration and distribution of hygiene kits. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/twitter-in-india-bans-accounts-of-pakistan-embassies-in-un-iran-egypt-and-turkey/articleshow/92515791.cms">Twitter India bans accounts of Pakistan embassies in UN, Iran, Egypt and Turkey</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/mahindra-scorpio-test-drive-opens-on-j[%E2%80%A6]arts-on-july-30-check-out-features/slidelist/92513434.cms">Mahindra Scorpio test Drive opens on July 5, and booking starts on July 30 — Check out features</a>

Google launches SOS alert to assist timely support in Assam flood - here’s how it works

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Kakhovka dam was destroyed on Tuesday, releasing a flood of water into southern Ukraine.</li><li>Russia and Ukraine are accusing each other of blowing up the dam.</li></ul>A major hydroelectric dam in Russian-occupied Kherson was destroyed on Tuesday, spilling torrents of water into residential areas and the war zone.Footage shows torrents of water from the Kakhovka Reservoir draining rapidly into the Dnipro River.Russia and Ukraine have blamed each other for the breach. "The Russian occupation troops destroyed the Kashkova hydroelectric station," said <a href="https://www.facebook.com/OperationalCommandSouth" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Southern Command of Ukraine's forces on its Facebook page.</a> "The scale of the destruction, the speed and volumes of water, and the likely areas of inundation are being specified."<div type="image" title="Drone footage shows water gushing from the Kakhovka reservoir after the dam was breached." height="937" width="1874" msid="100788845" hostid="261"></div>The Russian mayor of the occupied Novaya Kakhovka region, Vladimir Leontyev, <a href="https://www.rt.com/russia/577548-kakhovskaya-hydroelectric-dam-breach/">told state media</a> that the dam was destroyed as part of a "terrorist act," a term often used by the Kremlin to describe Ukrainian attacks.Hours before, Leontyev had <a href="https://t.me/rian_ru/204791" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said reports of the explosion were "nonsense."</a>Russian TV host Vladimir Solovyov, a war propagandist on one Russia's biggest channels, <a href="https://t.me/SolovievLive/184390" target="_blank" rel="noopener">also accused Ukraine of blowing up the dam.</a>The direct consequences of the breach aren't immediately clear. The Kakhovka Reservoir holds around 18.2 cubic kilometers of water, or 4 trillion gallons.The reservoir serves as the primary water supply for cooling the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which is further to the north-east and is also controlled by Russia.Should the reservoir drain too much, it would present serious risks to the safety of the plant, <a href="https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-145-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine">the International Atomic Energy Agency said in February.</a>The Kakhovka Reservoir also supplies water to millions of people in Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014.The dam's destruction will likely have a significant impact on Ukraine's anticipated big counteroffensive, according to Mark Hertling, former Commanding General of the United States Army Europe and the US Seventh Army. Dozens of cities on both sides of the Dnipro will be flooded in the next 24 hours, <a href="https://twitter.com/MarkHertling/status/1665922657408147457" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tweeted Hertling.</a>Kyiv has not revealed when it will launch its attack, but <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-ukraine-says-dont-share-counteroffensive-plans-love-silence-2023-6">has repeatedly hinted at a coming mass offensive.</a>A worst-case illustrative model of the dam's breach, created by <a href="https://cornucopia.se/2022/10/worst-case-modelling-for-nova-kakhovka-dam-break/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swedish outlet Cornucopia in October</a>, shows significant flooding across Kherson, home to hundreds of thousands of people.Around 14 Russian-occupied settlements are expected to be impacted by flooding, <a href="https://t.me/rian_ru/204810" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Russian authorities said.</a>Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in October estimated that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-mined-a-ukrainian-dam-planned-false-flag-attack-zelenskyy-2022-10">some 80 towns would be affected by the dam's destruction</a>. Back then, he also accused Moscow of mining the dam.The Ukrainian leader said he's called an <a href="https://twitter.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1665952784665964545" target="_blank" rel="noopener">emergency meeting with his National Security and Defense Council.</a>Oleksandr Prokudin, the Ukrainian governor of Kherson, <a href="https://twitter.com/BlogUkraine/status/1665929447520829441" target="_blank" rel="noopener">told residents to immediately prepare to evacuate.</a>"In five hours, the water will reach a critical level," he said in a video.Blowing up the dam likely constitutes a war crime, according to the <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v2/rule42" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Geneva Conventions.</a> The Conventions allow exceptions for such an attack only if the facility is solely or regularly used for military purposes.

Video shows floods pouring into southern Ukraine's war zone after a major dam was destroyed, sparking a new flashpoint in the war

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/heat-waves-are-dominating-summer-and-its-not-abnormal-anymore-2022-7">Record heat</a> and flooding are the latest extreme weather events in the US this summer.</li><li>Four people are dead following floods in Kentucky and St. Louis.</li></ul>Extreme weather events have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/heat-waves-are-dominating-summer-and-its-not-abnormal-anymore-2022-7">dominated this summer</a> in the US, with some regions seeing record-breaking heat, while others experienced fatal flooding. Both events are becoming more common and more severe because of the climate crisis.<div type="image" title="flooded street with a line of half-submerged cars lined with trees in the rain" height="2240" width="1242" msid="93171393" hostid="261"></div>After torrential rainfall in St. Louis earlier in the week, eastern Kentucky saw storms that brought devastating flooding to areas of the state. As of Thursday afternoon, <a href="https://www.insider.com/3-dead-in-devastating-eastern-kentucky-floods-2022-7">three people were confirmed dead from the floods. </a>"I expect double-digit deaths in this flooding," Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear said.Less than 48 hours earlier, a man in St. Louis died after flash flooding submerged his car in more than 8 feet of water, the <a href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/cleanup-begins-in-waterlogged-st-louis-region-as-rain-persists/article_32985632-7ec4-5fd4-9dcb-bc87e32c9fb3.html#tracking-source=home-top-story">St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported</a>. More than 9 inches of rain fell in just 24 hours, the highest rate in St. Louis history, delivering more than 25% of the city's average annual rainfall in just 12 hours, according to the <a href="https://twitter.com/nwsstlouis/status/1551997845963649024?s=21&amp;t=Z4tk9wlgkRF81iJobfh2rw">National Weather Service</a>.Area fire departments rescued more than 400 people during the flood, while 10 puppies drowned at a dog-rescue center in a St. Louis suburb, the newspaper reported. Parts of the city's light-rail system were damaged in the flood when waters covered the tracks. Residents who use the damaged areas of the public transit system were advised to seek alternate transportation "until further notice," likely for two weeks, according to the Post-Dispatch.The impact of Tuesday's rainfall and flooding is expected to be felt by St. Louis residents for weeks, the <a href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/expect-metrolink-delays-for-at-least-two-weeks-because-of-flood-damage/article_9f060caa-9234-597c-af84-63a84d3ac0fe.html#tracking-source=home-top-story">St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported</a>.Meanwhile, residents of the Pacific Northwest are coping with grueling heat. The governor of Oregon declared a state of emergency in 25 of the state's counties on Tuesday, with temperatures expected to top 100 degrees for most of the week, <a href="https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/oregon-governor-state-emergency-heat-wave/283-d6ee19c8-066e-4123-9f06-c7425b0a1ffa">KGW8 reported</a>. In western Washington, temperatures on Tuesday broke records.<div type="image" title="healthcare worker in t shirt uniform checks blood pressure of shirtless man in tent encampment" height="1531" width="2042" msid="93171394" hostid="261"></div>More than 85 million Americans were under heat warnings as of Sunday, <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/07/24/1112835179/how-hot-is-it-more-than-85-million-americans-are-under-heat-related-advisories#:~:text=More%20than%2085%20million%20Americans%20are%20under%20excessive%20heat%20warnings,the%20mid%2DAtlantic%20and%20Northeast.">NPR reported</a>."I encourage everyone to take proactive steps to keep themselves and their families safe, including drinking plenty of fluids, taking advantage of cooling centers, and checking in on neighbors, friends, and loved ones," Oregon Gov. Kate Brown <a href="https://www.oregon.gov/newsroom/pages/NewsDetail.aspx?newsid=65563">said in a statement</a>.<div type="image" title="mats lined up on the floor of a large gymnasium-style room" height="1533" width="2044" msid="93171395" hostid="261"></div>Heat in the region isn't expected to let up for the rest of the week, <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/heat-warnings-issued-pacific-northwest-temperatures-break-records/story?id=87450714">ABC News reported</a>. Parts of California, Nevada, and Idaho are under heat alerts until Saturday. <h2>Temperatures are climbing, and rainfall is changing</h2><div type="image" title="emt in uniform talks to man bending over with hands on knees at a bus stop on the sidewalk" height="1600" width="2133" msid="93171397" hostid="261"></div>Climate change, driven by all the greenhouse gasses that humans have released into the atmosphere, is changing the planet's water cycle. Rising temperatures are increasing water evaporation and changing the atmospheric and ocean currents that distribute moisture across the globe. In some places, drought is becoming more common, extreme, or prolonged. In others, like the US <a href="https://climatechange.chicago.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-midwest">Midwest</a>, heavy <a href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-precipitation">rainfall</a> and <a href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-river-flooding">flooding</a> are <a href="https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-mo.pdf">increasing</a>.Because it raises temperatures across the globe, climate change also makes heat waves more common, severe, and long-lasting, and spreads them over a larger geographic area. Scientists have already observed these changes in heat waves over the last few decades, and they expect extreme heat to keep getting more dangerous and more prevalent in the future.This year is perfectly demonstrating the trend. The US has been bombarded with record-breaking heat waves, some lasting two weeks or longer, since spring. Europe, China, the Middle East, North Africa, and much of South and Central Asia have also suffered repeat extreme-heat events this year.<div type="image" title="map shows extreme heat in dark red colors across africa europe asia" height="1080" width="1080" msid="93171401" hostid="261"></div>Across the Mediterranean region, other parts of Europe, and the US, the heat dried out the landscape and fueled major wildfires — another type of extreme weather that's becoming more common and severe in many parts of the world as the planet's temperatures rise."We're in a climate that is constantly shifting towards more extremes. From that perspective, it's exactly what we would expect, and what scientists have projected to happen for the last decade," Kai Kornhuber, a climate physicist at Columbia University, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/heat-waves-are-dominating-summer-and-its-not-abnormal-anymore-2022-7">told Insider</a> in mid-July.<div type="image" title="Smoke rises in the backdrop of beachgoers in France" height="1666" width="2222" msid="93171402" hostid="261"></div>Seattle's previous record temperature for July 26 was 92 degrees, but this year it reached 94 degrees, <a href="https://twitter.com/NWSSeattle/status/1552087157623296000?s=20&amp;t=8GbDFkKxdE24ZmjvGAR1Bg">according to the National Weather Service</a>. The city of Bellingham saw a 4-degree increase, from its 1988 record of 86 degrees, to this year's 90 degrees."Extreme heat is a deadly hazard we will see more of in Seattle as a result of climate change," Curry Mayer, Seattle's director of emergency management, said in a <a href="https://harrell.seattle.gov/2022/07/26/city-of-seattle-announces-cooling-centers-and-resources-ahead-of-heat-wave/">statement</a>. "We ask residents to take extreme heat seriously by understanding the danger and learning how to protect yourself, your family, and your neighbors."Meteorologists don't expect temperatures to climb as high as they did during the devastating heat event that caused more than <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2021GL097036#:~:text=Record%2Dbreaking%20high%20temperatures%20were,wildfires%20and%20widespread%20smoke%20pollution.">1,400 deaths</a> in the Pacific Northwest last year. The 2021 event would have been "virtually impossible" without climate change, according to a historical data analysis by <a href="https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/western-north-american-extreme-heat-virtually-impossible-without-human-caused-climate-change/">World Weather Attribution</a>."We don't have to go down this path," Kornhuber said, calling for a rapid reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions. "But if things keep developing the way they are, it's pretty clear that we will see more record-breaking extremes, and more concurrent extremes just as this year, and even more extreme."

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Why earthquakes are felt farther on the East Coast than the West. It's all about the rocks.

Geoff Weiss,Morgan McFall-Joh…

Over 3000 families have been displaced by flash floods in India

BI India Bureau

Google launches SOS alert to assist timely support in Assam flood - here’s how it works

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Video shows floods pouring into southern Ukraine's war zone after a major dam was destroyed, sparking a new flashpoint in the war

Matthew Loh

Summer of extreme weather continues, with deadly floods in Kentucky and St. Louis, and a heat-wave emergency in Oregon

Katie Anthony,Morgan McFall-J…

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