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<ul><li>The Automated Facial Recognition technology by <keyword id="91016" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Crime-Records-Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</keyword> (NCRB) will be rolled out next year to aid law enforcement agencies. </li><li>The technology will be used only to trace identities of people featuring in Crime &amp; Criminal Tracking Network Systems(CCTNS) — the national database of crime and criminals. </li><li>India has over 700,000 missing cases filed — including 98,000 children.</li></ul>The Ministry of Home Affairs, on Thursday, clarified that the Automated Facial Recognition technology will only be used to <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/facial-recognition-tech-to-be-used-only-for-those-figuring-in-cctns-database-mha/articleshow/70184092.cms">trace identities</a> of people featuring in Crime &amp; Criminal Tracking Network Systems (CCTNS) — the national database of crime and criminals. This technique of identifying a person via digital image by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) is aimed to aid law enforcement agencies with a tool to track missing identities, criminals and unidentified victims. The process of mapping photos of <keyword id="590448" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="missing-people">missing people</keyword> is still done at police stations in India — but manually. As of now, the country has over <a href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/new-facial-recognition-system-to-help-identify-criminals-missing-children/800560.html">700,000 missing cases</a> — including 98,000 children. The Automated <keyword id="406799" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="facial-recognition-system">Facial Recognition System</keyword> (AFRS) project, formulated under CCTNS, is planned to be operational next year, the Ministry noted. Presently, the database has nearly 15,000 police stations linked to it for e-governance. Threat to privacy The proposed AFRS has stirred a debate over the privacy of citizens. The system will be capable of capturing faces via CCTV feeds, and will raise alerts on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/facial-recognition-system-will-not-violate-privacy/article28391953.ece">blacklisted identities</a>. Keeping in mind the potential chances of violation of privacy, the Ministry official said, “This software will be used only in respect of such persons who figure on the CCTNS database — accused persons, prisoners, missing persons, unidentified people including children and dead bodies — and will not be used for any other database.” Data associated with the facial recognition system will only be accessible to the law enforcement agencies, <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/automated-facial-recognition-system-to-help-identify-criminals-missing-children/articleshow/70177696.cms">Times of India reported</a>. The move will help speed up police and other investigations. For instance, fingerprint matching is widely used at crime spots to identify criminals. Now, the ministry roped in the imaging feature to help them with video footage and images of suspects. This will keep suspects and criminals from fleeing, thereby helping the investigation teams to trace a culprit faster. Global adoption China deployed the technology in smarter ways to safeguard the streets by introducing facial recognition to CCTV cameras on roads. Food chain KFC too adopted the technology to predict customer demands. While other consumer-focussed platforms use <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/india-mulls-facial-recognition-5-nations-already-using-the-technology/leaders-of-facial-recognition-tech/slideshow/70156829.cms">Automatic Facial Recognition</a> to ease the paying process by bringing in ‘smile to pay’ system that recognises facial expressions of customers. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-launches-national-cyber-forensic-lab-in-delhi/articleshow/68081465.cms">One year after one of the largest government data breaches, India finally has a national cyber forensic lab</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-armed-forces-are-setting-up-a-dedicated-agency-to-fight-cyber-attacks/articleshow/67542126.cms">India's armed forces are setting up a dedicated agency to fight cyber attacks</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/fake-call-centres-in-india-tricked-over-50000-people-across-15-countries-fbi-joins-investigation/articleshow/66949461.cms">Fake call centers in India tricked over 50,000 people across 15 countries, FBI joins investigation</a>

Facial recognition will be used to spot history sheeters and missing people only, assures Home Ministry

As per a data from the <keyword id="91016" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Crime-Records-Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</keyword>, the number of <keyword id="6359046" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Stalking">stalking</keyword> cases went up in Maharashtra and Delhi. 
 
Maharashtra topped the list as the state reported 1,399 cases. Delhi came second as the cases more than doubled from 541 in 2014 to 1,124 in 2015. 
 
The crimes against women in Delhi also jumped to 17,104 in 2015, up from 15,265 in 2014. 
 
These included 5,367 cases of molestation (4,179 in 2014, 3,345 in 2013) and 2,199 rape cases, again up from 2,096 in the previous year. 
 
According to NCRB, most victims of sexual assault were in the age group of 18-30. In 90% of the cases, the accused were known to the victims. 
 
(Image: Thinkstock)

Stalking cases have more than doubled in these two regions

New Delhi, Mar 12 () Over 3,600 URLs (uniform resource locators) were blocked in 2019, up from 2,799 in the previous year, under a specific provision of the Information Technology Act, 2000, Parliament was informed on Thursday. In a written reply to a query in the Rajya Sabha, Electronics and IT Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said Section 69A of the IT Act provides for blocking of unlawful and malicious online content in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, defence and security of the country, friendly relations with foreign states or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognisable offence related to these. "Under this provision, 1,385, 2,799 and 3,635 URLs were blocked during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively," he added. In response to a separate query, Minister of State for Electronics and IT Sanjay Dhotre said the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Ministry of Home Affairs, started collecting data for cybercrimes against children (involving computer as medium/target) since 2017. "As per the data maintained by NCRB, a total of 7 and 40 cases of cyber bullying against children were registered during the year 2017 and 2018, respectively," Dhotre added. SR HRS

3,635 URLs blocked in 2019: Prasad

New Delhi, Mar 4 () Ride-hailing platform Uber on Wednesday said it has partnered with non-profit organisation Breakthrough to launch a campaign on preventing violence against women in India. The #IgnoreNoMore campaign will encourage bystander intervention and supports collective action to end gender-based violence in public spaces, Breakthrough President and CEO Sohini Bhattacharya said. "The campaign will push people to understand their own role as changemakers for building safer public spaces. The approach will empower bystanders to recognise unhealthy and problematic behaviours and intervene before abuse or assault takes place. We are pleased that Uber is committed to becoming an industry leader on this issue," she added. Crimes against women and girls, especially in public spaces, have seen a steady rise in recent years. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report of 2018, nearly 3.78 lakh cases of crime against women were reported across the country. Pavan Vaish, Head of Central Operations India at Uber, said helping keep people safe is a responsibility that the company takes very seriously. "We are committing major funding for awareness and prevention programmes with members of courageous, thought-leading organizations like Breakthrough and we will continue to seek advice from them on how we can do more to prevent violence and to help keep women safe," he added. SR RUJ

Uber partners with Breakthrough to launch campaign on violence against women

New Delhi, Nov 27 () Over 3.13 lakh cyber security incidents including website hacking and phishing attacks, were reported this year till October, Parliament was informed on Wednesday.
As per the information reported to and tracked by Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), 50,362 and 53,117 cyber security incidents were reported in 2016 and 2017, respectively, Minister of State for Electronics and IT Sanjay Dhotre said in a written reply to the Lok Sabha.
These incidents - which included phishing, network scanning and probing, virus/malicious code and website hacking - increased to 2,08,456 in 2018. In 2019, till October, the number of such incidents stood at 3,13,649, he added.
"In tune with the dynamic nature of Information Technology and emerging cyber threats, continuous efforts are required to be made by owners to protect networks by way of hardening and deploying appropriate security controls," he said.
He added that there have been attempts from time-to-time to launch cyber attacks on Indian cyber space. 
"It has been observed that attackers are compromising computer systems located in different parts of the world and use masquerading techniques and hidden servers to hide the identity of actual systems from which the attacks are being launched," he said.
For resolution of incidents involving systems outside the country, CERT-In devises response measures in coordination with its counterpart agencies in foreign countries, the minister added. 
In reply to another question, Dhotre cited data maintained by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Ministry of Home
Affairs and said a total of 12,317 and 21,796 cyber crime cases were registered in 2016 and 2017, respectively showing a rise of 77 per cent. 
"These include cases registered under the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 and related sections of Indian Penal Code and Special &amp; Local Laws involving computer as medium/ target," he added. SR ANU

Over 3.13 lakh cyber security incidents reported this year till Oct

<ul><li>Over 15,700 <keyword id="1941593" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-websites">Indian websites</keyword> were hacked, which is nearly half the number of hacks that took place last year, PTI reported citing Ravi Shankar Prasad, <keyword id="4078168" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Electronics-and-IT-minister">Electronics and IT Minister</keyword>. </li><li>A ‘Crisis Management Plan’ has been forged to address cyber threats and terrorism by the ministries under central and state government. </li><li>Over the last three years, 23 financial fraud cases were also registered including the ones directly affecting ATMs, Point of sale (PoS) systems and Unified Payment Interface (UPI).</li></ul>Amid the increasing number of <keyword id="647765" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Data-breaches">data breaches</keyword>, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) recently revealed numbers on Indian websites that were hacked this year up to November. Over 15,700 Indian websites were hacked, which is nearly half the number of hacks that took place last year, PTI <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/15-779-indian-websites-hacked-during-jan-nov-2018-prasad-1407943-2018-12-12?utm_campaign=fullarticle&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=inshorts">reported</a> citing Ravi Shankar Prasad, Electronics and IT Minister. As per the information tracked by the <keyword id="7120837" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Computer-Emergency-Team">Computer Emergency Team</keyword>, in total 30,067 Indian websites were recorded as hacked last year, he added. A ‘crisis management plan’ has been forged to address cyber threats and terrorism by the ministries under the central and state government, SS Ahluwalia, Minister of State for Electronics and IT, <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/15779-indian-websites-hacked-during-jan-nov-2018-ravi-shankar-prasad/articleshow/67060171.cms">reportedly</a> said. In addition to this, Ahluwalia also told that the government has been taking measures to strengthen cyber security and working in sync with the CERT to address the cyber attacks. The CERT raises alerts on latest cyber threats and its quick fix, which is regularly assesed to ensure alertness of organisations within the government. According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), nearly 33,000 cases of cyber crime were recorded during 2014-2016, including the cases under Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Information Technology Act 2000. Apart from this, 23 financial fraud cases were also registered in the last three years, such as the ones directly affecting ATMs, Point of sale (PoS) systems and Unified Payment Interface (UPI), according to the report. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/quora-says-100-million-user-accounts-may-have-been-hacked-giving-out-passwords-e-mails-in-massive-data-breach/articleshow/66933864.cms">Quora says 100 million user accounts may have been hacked giving out passwords, e-mails in massive data breach</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-a-free-travel-insurance-offer-on-the-indian-railways-website-left-data-of-200000-passengers-exposed-to-hackers-for-two-years/articleshow/66604055.cms">How a free travel insurance offer on the Indian Railways website left data of 200,000 passengers exposed to hackers for two years</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/google-will-shut-down-4-months-early-after-google-discovered-a-second-data-breach-affecting-more-than-52-million-users/articleshow/67032115.cms">Google+ will shut down 4 months early after Google discovered a second data breach affecting more than 52 million users</a>

India has seen 15,700 website hacks so far in 2018, nearly half the number from last year: report

The fight against Human trafficking, regarded as the second largest organised crime in the world, is getting a new weapon - mobile games. Mobile Premier League (<keyword id="1953612" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="mpl" source="Orion">MPL</keyword>), the Bengaluru based tech start-up, has teamed up with the NGO Missing Links Trust, to launch a Role Play Game (<keyword id="6503133" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rpg" source="Orion">RPG</keyword>) called Missing to spread awareness about human trafficking among potential vicitms and general public. The genre of Role Play Games (RPG) is one of the most popular genres in gaming and it usually involves gamers assuming the role of assassins, sorcerers, zombies or elf in American or Japanese games with names like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. In a classic role reversal, the Missing game on MPL, makes gamers assume the role of a trafficked girl in India. On the eve of the International day against human trafficking on 30th July, Namratha Swamy, Country Manager (India) of MPL said, "We launched this game in April this year and the response from our 90 million users have been overwhelmingly positive. This was among the top ten games in the first month of the launch. Since then, It has been among the top half of all the games that we host on our platform." The multi lingual game, available in Hindi, English, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Telugu, Gujarati, <keyword id="29621" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="maithili" source="Orion">Maithili</keyword> and <keyword id="6356629" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="tamil" source="Orion">Tamil</keyword>, is designed to allow players to experience what a missing person goes through when she is trafficked into the inhumane and cruel world of prostitution, a world into which millions of girls are lost every year. The players are introduced to multiple choices that they have to make at every step of the game with the objective of getting out of the trap set by traffickers. <keyword id="231790" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="leena-kejriwal" source="Orion">Leena Kejriwal</keyword>, founder, Missing Trust said, "The Missing game comes under the genre of 'Games for Change' by tackling the first 'P for Prevention' of the <keyword id="63659" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="united-nation" source="Orion">United Nation</keyword>'s four Ps against trafficking. It is pertinent that the theme for this year's International day against human trafficking, is 'Use and Misuse of Technology'. Gaming is one of the most popular pastimes among youth in India and what better medium than gaming to make people aware of issue of human trafficking." In India, on an average 1827 women trafficked every hour and 16 million women are victims of sex trafficking every year, according to a <keyword id="316868" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="dasra" source="Orion">Dasra</keyword> report. About 40% of them are adolescents and children, some as young as 9 years old. According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Maharashtra and Telangana recorded the highest number of such cases of human trafficking in 2020 followed by <keyword id="37102" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="andhra-pradesh" source="Orion">Andhra Pradesh</keyword>, Kerala and Jharkhand. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/cdc-report-shows-woman-diagnosed-with-monkeypox-delivers-a-healthy-baby-in-us/articleshow/93183914.cms">CDC report shows woman diagnosed with Monkeypox delivers a healthy baby in US</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/lenovo-aims-to-empower-the-pocket-to-cloud-architecture-to-fulfil-it-transformational-needs-says-shailendra-katyal/articleshow/93183816.cms">Lenovo aims to empower the ‘pocket-to-cloud architecture’ to fulfil IT transformational needs, says Shailendra Katyal</a>

This tech startup is fighting human trafficking, one game at a time

<keyword id="13265066" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sovereign-green-bonds" source="Orion">Sovereign Green Bonds</keyword> are likely to be issued during the January-March period of the current fiscal, Minister of State for Finance <keyword id="2528510" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="pankaj-chaudhary" source="Orion">Pankaj Chaudhary</keyword> said on Tuesday. The objective of Sovereign Green Bonds is to mobilize resources for green infrastructure as part of the government's overall market borrowings in 2022-23, he said in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha. "The framework for these bonds has been brought out. The bonds are likely to be issued from January to March 2023. The proceeds will be deployed in public sector projects which help in reducing carbon intensity of the economy," he said. Replying to another question, he said the value of the Indian rupee is market-determined. As global spillovers from geo-political tensions and aggressive monetary policy tightening across the world intensified alongside a surge in crude oil prices, the US dollar strengthened by 7.8 per cent in the financial year (till November 30), he said. While the rupee has witnessed a depreciation of 6.9 percent in the current financial year till November 30, 2022, he said, it has performed better than most Asian peer currencies, including the Chinese Renminbi (10.6 percent), Indonesian Rupiah (8.7 percent), Philippine Peso (8.5 percent), South Korean Won (8.1 percent), Taiwanese Dollar (7.3 percent) etc during the financial year. The <keyword id="6354335" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reserve-bank-of-india" source="Orion">Reserve Bank of India</keyword> (<keyword id="30067" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rbi" source="Orion">RBI</keyword>) closely monitors the foreign exchange markets and intervenes only to maintain orderly market conditions by containing excessive volatility in the exchange rate, without reference to any pre-determined target level or band. The RBI had announced various measures in the recent period to diversify and expand the sources of forex funding to mitigate exchange rate volatility and dampen global spillovers. Replying to another question, Chaudhary said the total number of counterfeit currency notes detected in the banking system for 2021-22 stands at 2,30,971 pieces as per RBI. As regarding seizures, he said, the <keyword id="91016" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-crime-records-bureau" source="Orion">National Crime Records Bureau</keyword> (NCRB) is the nodal agency, which compiles the data on crimes including the fake currency notes as reported to it by the States and the Union Territories, and publishes the same in its annual publication 'Crime in India'. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/upcoming-twitter-new-features-in-2023/articleshow/96195337.cms">From Twitter Blue checkmark to videos, a look at the new Twitter features Musk may introduce in 2023</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/goldman-sachs-is-reportedly-planning-to-lay-off-hundreds-of-employees-in-consumer-business/articleshow/96193786.cms">Goldman Sachs is reportedly planning to lay off hundreds of employees in consumer business</a>

Govt likely to issue green bonds in Jan-March quarter

<ul><li>India wants to deploy <keyword id="731490" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="facial-recognition-software">facial recognition software</keyword> to catch criminals off the streets but none of the laws in the country address the use of such technology. </li><li>Human rights groups and researchers asked companies to refrain from selling <keyword id="30939" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="facial-recognition">facial recognition</keyword> technology to governments as it could lead to increased surveillance. </li><li>In the absence of laws to govern the use of facial recognition software, the technology could undermine a citizen’s right to privacy. </li></ul>India’s facial recognition has already been tested successfully. And, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) wants the system to go live with it to all law agencies, by next year. In April, the <a href="https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/facial-recognition-system-helps-trace-3000-missing-children-in-4-days/articleshow/63870277.cms">Delhi Police</a> used the software to identify nearly 3,000 missing children over the course of four days to try out the facial recognition software. But, there’s a catch. None of the laws in India address the use of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=facial+recognition&amp;sortorder=score&amp;curpg=1">facial recognition technology</a>. It’s not just about implementing the technology but also about how the data so collected can be potentially misused. The Home Ministry <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/policy/facial-recognition-by-national-crime-records-bureau-ncrb-will-be-used-to-spot-history-sheeters-and-missing-people-only/articleshow/70187881.cms">issued a statement</a> assuring citizens that facial recognition will only be used to track individuals on the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Systems (CCTNS), which is the national database of Indian criminals. Misidentification Without a regulatory framework in place, facial recognition could possibly undermine the people’s right to privacy according to Pavan Duggal, an Indian cyber law expert. He points out that even with the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, there is no specific mention of facial recognition technology. The technology, though useful and mostly accurate, has been known to falter from time to time. There is no safety net in place that will help individuals to contest the results, if the software misidentifies a person. For instance, Amazon ‘Rekognition’ software <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/facial-recognition-is-almost-perfectly-accurate-heres-why-that-could-be-a-problem/articleshow/68930012.cms">reportedly</a> had trouble identifying dark skinned women. There’s also an issue of transparency. Even though it’s enough to say that facial recognition will be employed to identify criminals, the actual algorithm that powers the software and its functionality are likely to stay behind layers of non-disclosure agreements. Global take Microsoft has been trying to <a href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2018/07/13/facial-recognition-technology-the-need-for-public-regulation-and-corporate-responsibility/">push</a> for facial recognition to implemented in the US to nab criminals. Microsoft’s President, Brad Smith, has <a href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2018/12/06/facial-recognition-its-time-for-action/">urged</a> the country’s law makers to put regulations in place before implementing the technology but certain states are pushing back, saying that it should be banned altogether. Amazon also<a href="https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/some-thoughts-on-facial-recognition-legislation/"> joined</a> Microsoft in calling for rules that deal specifically deal with facial recognition technology. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Artificial-intelligence-experts-from-Facebook-Google-and-Microsoft-called-on-Amazon-not-to-sell-its-facial-recognition-software-to-police/articleshow/68721371.cms">Human rights groups</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/an-mit-researcher-who-analyzed-facial-recognition-software-found-eliminating-bias-in-ai-is-a-matter-of-priorities/articleshow/67664512.cms">researchers</a>, globally, are up in arms asking tech companies to refrain from selling their recognition software to governments because of how it could escalate surveillance. China, on the other hand, is an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/one-chinese-city-is-using-facial-recognition-that-can-help-police-detect-and-arrest-criminals-in-as-little-as-2-minutes/articleshow/63374619.cms">avid </a>user of facial recognition. There are over 170 million CCTV cameras along the roads in China equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) and facial recognition capabilities. It is implemented in schools, to monitor student attitudes and stress levels; and even at fast food joints, where it’s used to try and predict a customer’s order. (with inputs from IANS) See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/facial-recognition-by-national-crime-records-bureau-ncrb-will-be-used-to-spot-history-sheeters-and-missing-people-only/articleshow/70187881.cms">Facial recognition will be used to spot history sheeters and missing people only, assures Home Ministry</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/facial-recognition-is-almost-perfectly-accurate-heres-why-that-could-be-a-problem/articleshow/68930012.cms">Facial recognition is almost perfectly accurate - here's why that could be a problem</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cities-should-regulate-facial-recognition-instead-of-banning-it-chinas-ai-champion-sensetime-says/articleshow/69367810.cms">Cities should regulate facial recognition instead of banning it, China’s AI champion SenseTime says</a>

India is all set to deploy facial recognition but there is no law in place to keep a check

<ul><li>Tracking down protestors who were present at the Red Fort on January 26 is only the most recent example of how <keyword id="447510" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="facial-recognition-technology">facial recognition technology</keyword> is being used by law enforcement in India. </li><li>A civil liberties organisation, the <keyword id="3457213" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="internet-freedom-foundation">Internet Freedom Foundation</keyword> (IFF), has written to Prime Minister Narendra Modi for a discussion with experts and stakeholders to ascertain how this may violate the rights of millions of Indians.</li><li>Concerns around the use of <keyword id="30939" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="facial-recognition">facial recognition</keyword> aren’t just centered in India, but are a global worry as its use becomes more widespread.</li></ul>The Indian government is using facial recognition technology to track down the protestors who were present at the Red Fort during the ruckus on January 26. But, that’s only the most recent example of how the use of facial recognition is accelerating in India as the law plays catch up. In the state of <keyword id="6357713" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Uttar-Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</keyword> (UP), for instance, the police are using an AI-based facial recognition system to alert the police whenever a woman is in distress. However, there is no clarity on who will access the surveillance footage from these ‘smart cameras’ and where that data will be stored. The same software, called Trinetra, was also used by the UP police to run surveillance on anti-CAA protestors following which more than 1,100 arrests were made. In another example, the Central Board of Secondary Education (<keyword id="6356155" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="cbse">CBSE</keyword>) used facial recognition to match admit card photos on record to match students logging in to give their board exams — an exercise that was carried out without any additional consent from the students of their parents. The IFF estimates that there are currently 42 ongoing facial recognition projects in India, front he Automated Multimodal Biometric Identification System (AMBIS) in Maharashtra to FaceTagr in Tamil Nadu. Of these, at least 19 are being developed and deployed by state-level police departments and the NCRB for the specific purpose of security and surveillance. Regardless of where one stands on the farmers’ protests, the use of such technology has much wider implications since it falls into a vague and undefined category with no specific laws to address how this technology is being used and on whom. The use of facial recognition technology goes beyond the farmers’ protests The Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF), as a part of the <a href="https://panoptic.in/petition">Project Panoptic</a>, has written to the government asking them to address the ongoing concerns around the use of facial recognition technology and to call stakeholders and privacy experts for consultation on how this affects individual fundamental rights. According to the non-government organisation (NGO), the deployment of facial recognition is in violation of the right to privacy set out by the Supreme Court in 2017. “Nowhere are these risks more evident than the large scale of deployment of facial recognition technology that is causing certain harm by restricting the liberty and autonomy of millions of Indians,” said the IFF in its letter to India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi. What is facial recognition technology? Facial recognition can be a lot of things. It’s an umbrella term used to describe a suite of applications that perform a specific task using a human face to verify or identify an individual. It can also be scaled up to identify and categorise people based on physical features like race, ethnicity, gender, age or disability status. And, in recent years, it has been increasingly used in the realm of law enforcement without adequate checks and balances in place. “To ensure security in high crime areas, the simple solution would be to install more police personnel there. Installation of these cameras and the subsequent constant surveillance will only lead to more harm than benefits," said <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/news/a-scary-proposal-to-use-facial-recognition-and-ai-by-an-indian-state-has-experts-fuming/articleshow/80421935.cms">Anushka Jain</a>, Associate Counsel (Transparency &amp; Right to Information) at IFF told Business Insider in an earlier interview. Creation of a national database for facial recognition In India, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) which invites bids for the creation of a National Automated Facial Recognition System (AFRS). It has an estimated budget of ₹308 crore to create a national database of photographs. According to the proposal, this database is purported to be used to swiftly identify criminals by gathering existing data from various other databases. In the US, there was nationwide outrage when Amazon decided to outsource the use of its facial recognition software, Rekognition, to the police. “Just because technology could be misused doesn’t mean we should ban it and condemn it,” Andy Jassy, set to step in as Jeff Bezos replacement as CEO of the company, told <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/10/18660224/amazon-facial-recognition-rekognition-federal-regulation-andy-jassy-aws">Recode</a> during a 2019 interview. Misuse of facial recognition technology is a global concern Concerns around the misuse of facial recognition technology are not specific to India. The <a href="https://www.aclu.org/issues/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/face-recognition-technology">American Civil Liberties Union</a> has also expressed its apprehension that using facial recognition can be used “in a passive way that doesn’t require the knowledge, consent, or participation of the subject.” Other civil society organisations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Algorithmic Justice League and <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2020/06/amnesty-international-calls-for-ban-on-the-use-of-facial-recognition-technology-for-mass-surveillance/">Amnesty International</a> have also called for a ban on the use of this technology. The question isn’t only of consent but also that facial recognition is known to deliver biased results. “The impact on marginalised communities gains special importance for us locally due to the wide inequality and diversity present in our society,” said the IFF’s letter. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/tech-mahindra-cfo-says-talent-is-getting-expensive-but-clients-are-willing-to-pay-the-premium/articleshow/80779844.cms">EXCLUSIVE: Tech Mahindra CFO says talent is getting expensive but clients are willing to pay the premium</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/indian-space-startup-agnikul-cosmos-has-become-the-worlds-first-company-to-successfully-test-a-fully-3d-printed-rocket-engine/articleshow/80762695.cms">Indian space startup fires world’s first fully 3D printed rocket engine as others play catch up</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/personal-finance/income-tax/news/with-the-new-tds-rule-every-time-you-make-a-payment-you-must-ask-if-the-receiver-has-filed-tax-returns-in-last-two-years/articleshow/80765802.cms">With the new TDS rule, every time you make a payment, you must ask if the receiver has filed tax returns in last two years</a>

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