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The capital city of Sikkim is a captivating blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and modernity. With its breathtaking landscapes, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality, <keyword id="20144246" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gangtok" source="keywords">Gangtok</keyword> offers an unforgettable experience to every visitor. Whether you're a nature enthusiast, an adventure seeker, or a culture buff, Gangtok has something special in store for you. Here's a simplified guide to the top 10 places you must visit when in Gangtok in 2024. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="How to Reach Gangtok?" comment="suhead" text="How to Reach Gangtok?"><keyword id="21579154" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="How-to-Reach-Gangtok" source="Orion">How to Reach Gangtok</keyword>?</cmsannotation> By Air: The nearest airport to Gangtok is Bagdogra Airport, located approximately 125 kilometres away. From Bagdogra, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Gangtok, which takes around 4 to 5 hours. By Road: Gangtok is well-connected by road to major cities and towns in Sikkim and neighbouring states. You can drive to Gangtok from Siliguri or Darjeeling, or take a bus from nearby cities. By Rail: The nearest railway station to Gangtok is New Jalpaiguri Railway Station, located approximately 120 kilometres away. From New Jalpaiguri, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Gangtok, which takes around 4 to 5 hours. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Weather Around the Year in Gangtok" comment="subhead" text="Weather Around the Year in Gangtok"><keyword id="21579155" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Weather-Around-the-Year-in-Gangtok" source="Orion">Weather Around the Year in Gangtok</keyword></cmsannotation> Spring (March to May): Spring brings mild temperatures and blooming rhododendrons to Gangtok, making it perfect for sightseeing and outdoor activities. Summer (June to August): Summer is pleasant in Gangtok, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. It's an ideal time for trekking and exploring the natural beauty of the region. Monsoon (July to September): Monsoon brings heavy rainfall to Gangtok, enhancing the lush greenery but also causing landslides and roadblocks. It's advisable to avoid visiting during this time. Autumn (October to November): Autumn offers clear skies and cool temperatures, making it a great time for trekking and enjoying panoramic views of the Himalayas. Winter (December to February): Winter brings cold temperatures and occasional snowfall to Gangtok, creating a magical winter wonderland. It's a perfect time for snow lovers and those seeking a cosy retreat. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Top 10 Places to Visit in Gangtok:" comment="subhead" text="Top 10 Places to Visit in Gangtok:">Top 10 <keyword id="8653818" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="places-to-visit-in-Gangtok" source="Orion">Places to Visit in Gangtok</keyword>:</cmsannotation> <ul><li><keyword id="18607" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nathula-pass" source="Orion">Nathula Pass</keyword> - Gateway to Tibet</li><li>Rumtek Monastery - Seat of Tibetan Buddhism</li><li>Tsomgo Lake - Jewel of Sikkim</li><li>Ganesh Tok - Scenic Viewpoint</li><li>Enchey Monastery - Abode of Deities</li><li>Banjhakri Falls and Energy Park - Natural Retreat</li><li>Tashi Viewpoint - Sunrise Spectacle</li><li>Do Drul Chorten - Sacred Stupa</li><li>Hanuman Tok - Spiritual Haven</li><li>Flower Exhibition Centre - Floral Extravaganza</li></ul><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Nathula Pass - Gateway to Tibet" comment="subhead" text="Nathula Pass - Gateway to Tibet">Nathula Pass - Gateway to Tibet</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="1" msid="109950298" hostid="261" sizebytes="1483173" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Witness the ethereal beauty where mountains meet the sky at Nathula Pass&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Located at an altitude of 14,140 feet, Nathula Pass is a historic mountain pass that connects India with Tibet. You can witness breathtaking views of snow-capped mountains and visit the border trade market. Note: Entry to Nathula Pass requires a permit from the Sikkim Tourism Department. How to Reach: Located approximately 54 kilometres from Gangtok. You can hire a shared taxi or book a guided tour to reach the pass. Due to its high altitude and sensitive border location, access to Nathula Pass requires a permit from the Sikkim Tourism Department. Things to do: Experience the thrill of standing at the "roof of the world" visit the border trade market and shop for traditional Tibetan artefacts and souvenirs and Witness breathtaking views of snow-capped mountains and the Indo-China border <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Rumtek Monastery - Seat of Tibetan Buddhism" comment="subhead" text="Rumtek Monastery - Seat of Tibetan Buddhism">Rumtek Monastery - Seat of Tibetan Buddhism</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="2" msid="109950486" hostid="261" sizebytes="2166372" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Step into serenity amidst ancient murals and sacred rituals at Rumtek Monastery&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Rumtek Monastery, also known as the Dharma Chakra Centre, is one of the most important monasteries in Sikkim. It's home to precious Buddhist artefacts, ancient murals, and a vibrant community of monks. You can attend prayer ceremonies and soak in the spiritual ambience. How to reach: Rumtek Monastery is located approximately 24 kilometres from Gangtok. You can hire a taxi or take a local bus to reach the monastery. Things to do: Attend prayer ceremonies and rituals conducted by the resident monks and Visit the Golden Stupa, which houses the relics of the 16th Karmapa <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Tsomgo Lake - Jewel of Sikkim" comment="subhead" text="Tsomgo Lake - Jewel of Sikkim">Tsomgo Lake - Jewel of Sikkim</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="3" msid="109950505" hostid="261" sizebytes="1114387" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Reflect upon nature&amp;#39;s splendor mirrored in the tranquil waters of Tsomgo Lake&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Situated at an altitude of 12,310 feet, Tsomgo Lake is a glacial lake surrounded by steep cliffs and lush forests. You can enjoy yak rides, stroll along the lakeshore, and marvel at the pristine beauty of the surroundings. How to reach: Tsomgo Lake is located approximately 38 kilometres from Gangtok. You can hire a taxi or take a shared jeep from Gangtok to reach the lake. Things to do: Enjoy a yak ride around the lake or along the lakeshore and Capture stunning photographs against the backdrop of the turquoise blue waters and snow-clad mountains <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Ganesh Tok - Scenic Viewpoint" comment="subhead" text="Ganesh Tok - Scenic Viewpoint">Ganesh Tok - Scenic Viewpoint</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="4" msid="109950515" hostid="261" sizebytes="1988174" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Marvel at panoramic vistas and find solace amidst the colourful prayer flags at Ganesh Tok&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Perched at an altitude of 6,500 feet, Ganesh Tok offers panoramic views of Gangtok city and the snow-capped Himalayas. You can explore the small temple dedicated to Lord Ganesh and capture stunning photographs against the backdrop of the mountains. How to reach: Ganesh Tok is located approximately 7 kilometres from Gangtok city centre. You can hire a taxi or take a local bus to reach the viewpoint. Things to do: Visit the small temple dedicated to Lord Ganesh and admire panoramic views of Gangtok city. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Enchey Monastery - Abode of Deities" comment="subhead" text="Enchey Monastery - Abode of Deities">Enchey Monastery - Abode of Deities</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="5" msid="109950552" hostid="261" sizebytes="1271837" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Embark on a spiritual journey surrounded by mystique and reverence at Enchey Monastery&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Enchey Monastery, founded in the 19th century, is a revered religious site in Gangtok. It's known for its unique architectural style, ancient scriptures, and religious festivals. You can seek blessings from the resident monks and witness traditional Cham dances. How to reach: Enchey Monastery is located approximately 3 kilometres from Gangtok city centre. You can hire a taxi or take a leisurely walk to reach the monastery. Things to do: Participate in religious ceremonies and witness traditional Cham dances performed by the monks. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Banjhakri Falls and Energy Park - Natural Retreat" comment="subhead" text="Banjhakri Falls and Energy Park - Natural Retreat">Banjhakri Falls and Energy Park - Natural Retreat</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="6" msid="109950573" hostid="261" sizebytes="2506216" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Surrender to the cascading beauty of Banjhakri Falls amidst the lush greenery of the Energy Park&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Banjhakri Falls is a picturesque waterfall surrounded by lush greenery and rock formations. The adjacent Energy Park features landscaped gardens, statues of Himalayan deities, and picnic spots. You can relax amidst nature and rejuvenate your senses. How to reach: Banjhakri Falls and Energy Park are located approximately 10 kilometres from Gangtok city centre. You can hire a taxi or take a local bus to reach the falls and park. Things to do: Enjoy a refreshing dip in the natural pool formed by the waterfall and rejuvenate your senses amidst nature's beauty. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Tashi Viewpoint - Sunrise Spectacle" comment="subhead" text="Tashi Viewpoint - Sunrise Spectacle">Tashi Viewpoint - Sunrise Spectacle</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="7" msid="109950610" hostid="261" sizebytes="2349801" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Greet the dawn in hues of gold against the backdrop of Kanchenjunga at Tashi Viewpoint&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Tashi Viewpoint offers breathtaking views of the sunrise over the snow-capped peaks of Kanchenjunga and the Himalayan range. It's a popular spot for photographers and nature lovers seeking tranquillity amidst nature's beauty. How to reach: Tashi Viewpoint is located approximately 8 kilometres from Gangtok city centre. You can hire a taxi or take a local bus to reach the viewpoint. Things to do: Witness breathtaking views of the sunrise over the snow-capped peaks of Kanchenjunga and the Himalayan range and Enjoy a serene morning between nature's beauty and soak in the peaceful ambience of the mountains. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Do Drul Chorten - Sacred Stupa" comment="subhead" text="Do Drul Chorten - Sacred Stupa">Do Drul Chorten - Sacred Stupa</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="8" msid="109950622" hostid="261" sizebytes="1629177" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Spin prayers into the wind and feel tranquility envelop you at Do Drul Chorten&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Built-in 1945, Do Drul Chorten is a prominent Buddhist stupa adorned with prayer wheels and religious relics. You can circumambulate the stupa, offer prayers, and experience a sense of peace and serenity. How to reach: Do Drul Chorten is located approximately 2 kilometres from Gangtok city centre. You can hire a taxi or take a walk to reach the sacred stupa. Things to do: Circumambulate the stupa and spin the prayer wheels, offering prayers for blessings and good fortune. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Hanuman Tok - Spiritual Haven" comment="subhead" text="Hanuman Tok - Spiritual Haven">Hanuman Tok - Spiritual Haven</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="9" msid="109950639" hostid="261" sizebytes="1566318" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Ascend to spiritual heights and soak in panoramic serenity at Hanuman Tok&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>Hanuman Tok is a temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, perched atop a hill overlooking Gangtok city. You can climb the staircase adorned with colourful prayer flags, offer prayers at the temple, and enjoy panoramic views of the surroundings. How to reach: Hanuman Tok is located approximately 11 kilometres from Gangtok city centre. You can hire a taxi or take a local bus to reach the temple. Things to do: Enjoy panoramic views of Gangtok city, the Teesta River, and the surrounding mountains from the temple's vantage point and offer prayers at the temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Flower Exhibition Centre - Floral Extravaganza" comment="subhead" text="Flower Exhibition Centre - Floral Extravaganza">Flower Exhibition Centre - Floral Extravaganza</cmsannotation> <div type="image" title="10" msid="109950653" hostid="261" sizebytes="1944239" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Immerse yourself in a kaleidoscope of colors and fragrances at the Flower Exhibition Centre, where nature&amp;#39;s beauty blooms&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>The Flower Exhibition Centre showcases the rich floral diversity of Sikkim with its vibrant orchids, rhododendrons, and other exotic flowers. You can stroll through the beautifully landscaped gardens and admire the colourful blooms. How to reach: The Flower Exhibition Centre is located in Gangtok city centre, near Ridge Park. You can easily walk to the exhibition centre or hire a taxi for convenience. Things to do: Learn about Sikkim's rich floral diversity and horticultural practices through informative displays and exhibitions at the Flower Exhibition Centre. Gangtok, with its scenic beauty, rich culture, and spiritual heritage, offers a memorable experience to every traveller. Whether you're exploring ancient monasteries, marvelling at majestic waterfalls, or soaking in panoramic views of the Himalayas, Gangtok never fails to enchant its visitors. So pack your bags, embark on a journey to Gangtok, and create timeless memories amidst the charm of the Himalayas. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Frequently asked questions" comment="subhead" text="Frequently asked questions">Frequently asked questions</cmsannotation> 1. What is the best time to visit Gangtok? The best time to visit Gangtok is during the spring and autumn months, from March to May and October to November, respectively. During these times, the weather is pleasant, and the skies are clear, making it ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities. 2. How can I obtain permits for visiting restricted areas like Nathula Pass? Permits for visiting restricted areas like Nathula Pass can be obtained through authorised travel agents or the Sikkim Tourism Department. Visitors are required to submit valid identification documents and may need to provide additional information depending on the specific permit requirements. 3. Are there any trekking opportunities near Gangtok? Yes, Gangtok and its surrounding areas offer numerous trekking opportunities for adventure enthusiasts. Popular trekking destinations include Dzongri Trek, Goecha La Trek, and Singalila Ridge Trek, among others. These treks offer breathtaking views of the Himalayas, pristine landscapes, and opportunities to explore remote villages and monasteries along the way. 4. What are some must-try local dishes in Gangtok? Gangtok is renowned for its diverse culinary scene, influenced by Tibetan, Nepali, and Bhutanese cuisines. Some must-try local dishes include momos (steamed dumplings filled with meat or vegetables), thukpa (noodle soup), gyathuk (stir-fried noodles), phagshapa (pork belly stew), and sel roti (traditional rice flour bread). Visitors can sample these delicious dishes at local eateries, street food stalls, and restaurants throughout Gangtok. 5. What cultural experiences can I expect in Gangtok? Gangtok boasts a rich cultural heritage, with influences from Tibetan Buddhism, Nepali traditions, and indigenous Sikkimese culture. Visitors can immerse themselves in cultural experiences such as attending monastery festivals and religious ceremonies, exploring traditional handicraft markets, learning about local customs and rituals, and participating in cultural performances like Cham dances. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/travel/india/article/top-places-to-visit-in-sikkim-in-2024/articleshow/109132780.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Best places to visit in Sikkim</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/travel/india/webstories/10-must-do-activities-in-sikkim/slidelist/109125056.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Top things to do in Sikkim</a>

10 tourist places to visit in Gangtok: Distance, weather, tips

Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, <keyword id="48118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sikkim" source="Orion">Sikkim</keyword>, a small state in northeastern India, is a land of unparalleled natural beauty, cultural richness, and spiritual serenity. With its snow-capped peaks, lush valleys, cascading waterfalls, and vibrant monasteries, Sikkim offers a diverse range of experiences for travelers seeking adventure, tranquility, and cultural immersion. As we embark on a journey into 2024, let's explore some of the top places to visit in this enchanting Himalayan paradise. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Gangtok" comment="subhead" text="Gangtok"><keyword id="83680" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gangtok" source="Orion">Gangtok</keyword></cmsannotation> The capital city of Sikkim, Gangtok, is a bustling urban center nestled amidst the mountains. Explore the colorful markets, sample local delicacies, and visit iconic attractions such as the Rumtek Monastery, Enchey Monastery, and the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology. Don't miss the panoramic views of the Kanchenjunga Range from Tashi Viewpoint and enjoy a leisurely stroll along the Ridge Park. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Tsomgo Lake (Changu Lake)" comment="subhead" text="Tsomgo Lake (Changu Lake)"><keyword id="4177414" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Tsomgo-Lake" source="Orion">Tsomgo Lake</keyword> (Changu Lake)</cmsannotation> Located at an altitude of 12,313 feet, Tsomgo Lake is a glacial lake surrounded by steep mountains and lush alpine forests. In 2024, visitors can enjoy yak rides, indulge in local snacks like momos and tea, and marvel at the pristine beauty of this sacred lake. Due to its altitude, the lake remains frozen during the winter months, adding to its ethereal charm. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Nathula Pass" comment="subhead" text="Nathula Pass"><keyword id="18607" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nathula-pass" source="Orion">Nathula Pass</keyword></cmsannotation> For an exhilarating adventure, journey to Nathula Pass, situated at an altitude of 14,140 feet on the Indo-China border. Once a crucial part of the ancient Silk Route, Nathula offers breathtaking vistas of snow-clad peaks and is accessible from Gangtok. Visitors require permits to visit Nathula, and the pass is subject to weather conditions, making it an exciting yet unpredictable excursion. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Pelling" comment="subhead" text="Pelling"><keyword id="306126" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="pelling" source="Orion">Pelling</keyword></cmsannotation> Tucked away in the western part of Sikkim, Pelling is a serene hill station renowned for its panoramic views of the Himalayas and verdant landscapes. Visit the Pemayangtse Monastery, explore the ruins of Rabdentse Palace, and trek to the majestic Khecheopalri Lake, believed to be sacred by both Buddhists and Hindus. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Tashiding Monastery" comment="subhead" text="Tashiding Monastery"><keyword id="16515217" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tashiding-monastery" source="Orion">Tashiding Monastery</keyword></cmsannotation> Tucked away in the verdant hills of West Sikkim, Tashiding Monastery exudes an aura of tranquility and spiritual reverence. Dating back to the 17th century, this sacred site is revered by Buddhists as one of the holiest monasteries in Sikkim. Set against a backdrop of towering mountains and lush forests, Tashiding offers visitors a chance to immerse themselves in meditation, prayer, and the timeless teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Yuksom" comment="subhead" text="Yuksom">Yuksom</cmsannotation> Steeped in history and surrounded by pristine natural beauty, Yuksom holds immense significance as the first capital of Sikkim. Embark on the Dzongri-Goechala Trek, visit the ancient Dubdi Monastery, and pay homage to the Coronation Throne, where the first Chogyal (monarch) of Sikkim was consecrated. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Ravangla" comment="subhead" text="Ravangla">Ravangla</cmsannotation> Situated amidst rolling hills and terraced fields, Ravangla is a picturesque town known for its tranquil ambiance and panoramic views of the Himalayas. Visit the Buddha Park, home to a towering statue of the Buddha, and trek to the sacred Tendong Hill, believed to be the meditation site of Guru Padmasambhava. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Gurudongmar Lake" comment="subhead" text="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar Lake</cmsannotation> Located at an altitude of 17,800 feet, Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world and holds great religious significance for Buddhists and Sikhs. Surrounded by snow-capped peaks, the lake is accessible from Lachen and offers a surreal experience amidst the rugged Himalayan landscape. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Lachung and Yumthang Valley" comment="subhead" text="Lachung and Yumthang Valley">Lachung and Yumthang Valley</cmsannotation> Explore the charming village of Lachung and venture into the breathtaking Yumthang Valley, also known as the Valley of Flowers. In spring, the valley comes alive with vibrant blooms of rhododendrons, primulas, and other alpine flowers, creating a kaleidoscopic spectacle against the backdrop of snow-covered mountains. Whether you want seek adventure, spiritual solace, or simply a retreat into nature's embrace, Sikkim promises an unforgettable journey into the heart of the Himalayas. So pack your bags, set out on the winding roads, and immerse yourself in the magic of Sikkim's timeless beauty. Note: The article is based on content generated by AI models like Bard and Chatgpt. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/travel/india/webstories/10-must-do-activities-in-sikkim/slidelist/109125056.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">10 Must-do activities in Sikkim</a>

Top places to visit in Sikkim in 2024

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AP Photo/Manish Swarup Indian Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> with Chinese President <keyword id="191809" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Xi-Jinping">Xi Jinping</keyword> in Goa, <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword>, October 16, 2016. <ul class="summary-list"><li>A year after a showdown along their disputed border, India and <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> have improved their relationship.</li><li>Despite that renewed cooperation, the strategic issues driving the tension between them are unresolved.</li><li>Persistent issues, along with other moves both sides are making, increase the chances of a future clash.</li></ul>At the end of August 2017, India and China backed away from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-between-china-and-india-continue-year-after-doklam-standoff-2018-8" target="_blank">a 73-day standoff</a> on the Doklam Plateau, high in the eastern Himalayas. In the year since, both sides have sought to mend ties, especially after a summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping in the eastern Chinese city of Wuhan in April. The two countries are engaged in a kind of "recalibration" of their relationship, even though deeper-rooted issues that divide them persist, according to Faisel Pervaiz, a South Asia analyst at geopolitical-intelligence firm Stratfor. REUTERS/Desmond Boylan Chinese and Indian border guards at the Nathu La mountain pass, between Tibet and the northeastern Indian state of Sikkim, July 6, 2006. The appointment of Vijay Gokhale, who was ambassador to China during the Doklam crisis and helped resolve the dispute, to foreign secretary was "an indication that India wants to take ... a less confrontational posture," Pervaiz said. China, too, has come to believe it needs "a bit more calm" with its neighbors, including India, in part because of contentious relations with the US, Pervaiz added, though he stressed that Beijing's change in thinking was likely temporary. China has also made overtures to India about a potential partnership in trade disputes with the US. This week, <keyword id="6358777" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="New-Delhi">New Delhi</keyword> and Beijing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-china-launch-joint-training-for-afghanistan-plan-more-projects-2018-10" target="_blank">launched</a> a joint program to train Afghan diplomats, and China's ambassador to the country <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-china-launch-joint-training-for-afghanistan-plan-more-projects-2018-10" target="_blank">predicted</a> more cooperation there in the future. Next week, they are to sign a <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-participation-in-global-counterterror-front-high-on-rajnath-singhs-china-visit/article7895845.ece" target="_blank">long-discussed</a> internal-security agreement <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-a-first-india-china-to-sign-internal-security-agreement-next-week-1933038" target="_blank">expected to cover</a> cooperation on intelligence sharing, disaster mitigation, and other issues. Despite the apparent rapprochement, the two countries are keeping a close eye on each other. Reuters Map locating Donglang, or Doklam, a disputed area between China, India, and Bhutan. While India has largely pulled back from positions it took during the Doklam standoff, imagery reviewed by Stratfor in January showed that in late 2017 and early 2018, Delhi <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-between-china-and-india-continue-year-after-doklam-standoff-2018-8" target="_blank">increased its deployments</a> of combat aircraft to bases near the disputed area. Those images showed <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-between-china-and-india-continue-year-after-doklam-standoff-2018-8" target="_blank">even more activity</a> around Chinese bases in Tibet, north of the disputed area, including airfield upgrades and a large aircraft presence. (China puts more assets at those bases because it does not have bases closer to the border area.) This month, officials <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-bunkers-at-lhasa-airport-worry-india/story-B85jNuqEH72jiPk7sPKbcM.html" target="_blank">told Hindustan Times</a> that Delhi was concerned about construction at the Chinese air base in <keyword id="69031" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="lhasa">Lhasa</keyword>, which included bomb-proof bunkers for aircraft and expanded <keyword id="839167" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="surface-to-air-missile">surface-to-air missile</keyword> batteries. "You need blast- or bomb-proof hangars for fighters only if there is a possibility of hostilities," one official said. Any activity with military hardware or other assets that could have military applications around the eastern end of India and China's shared border was likely to attract scrutiny, Pervaiz said. REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri A snow-covered Indian army camp at the India-China trade route at Nathu-La, 34 miles north of Gangtok, capital of India's northeastern state of Sikkim and near the Doklam Plateau, January 17, 2009. "If you are India or China and you are seeing any sort of moves that either military is making, you view that almost through the lens of paranoia - that if you're making that move, how can that be used against us in a potential conflict?" he told Business Insider. The Doklam Plateau sits at the southern edge of the Himalayan mountain range, where the elevation is on average close to 15,000 feet. High altitudes and rough terrain put considerable limitations on military operations. While the higher elevation gives China an <a href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/sizing-competition-doklam-plateau" target="_blank">advantage</a> in surveillance and physiological acclimatization, lower air density hinders jet aircraft engines and limits the weaponry and fuel that aircraft can carry. China's air force is larger than India's, but it only has five air bases in Tibet - though upgrades at the Lhasa base described by <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-bunkers-at-lhasa-airport-worry-india/story-B85jNuqEH72jiPk7sPKbcM.html" target="_blank">Hindustan Times</a> include special helicopter bases that allow them to take off and land with full payloads. India's air power in the region would offer it some advantages. Indian air bases, including those that received more aircraft earlier this year, are closer to the area in question than China's bases. India <a href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/sizing-competition-doklam-plateau" target="_blank">counts 20 air bases</a> within range of the Line of Actual Control, which separates Indian- and Chinese-claimed territory. India has also also practiced with transport planes at forward landing areas in the region. REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri/Files An Indian army officer, left, talks with a Chinese soldier at the 14,140-foot high Nathu-la pass on the country's northeastern border with China, April 9, 2005. But China's air defenses are more <a href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/sizing-competition-doklam-plateau" target="_blank">effective and reliable</a> than India's. And China has more artillery that can fire farther and is more mobile. Thin air at higher elevations hinders traditional rocket propulsion, but Chinese officials claimed in August they were progressing on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-says-making-progress-with-electromagnetically-launched-rockets-2018-8" target="_blank">a type of electromagnetic propulsion</a> that would give rocket artillery longer range and more accuracy. Both countries can be expected to use land-attack cruise missiles - the Indian Su-30MKI jets deployed to the area are capable of firing India's Brahmos missile. But China has a larger inventory of them, and the paucity of Chinese targets in the area north of the border would likely mean Beijing would have the edge. Much of the fighting in a conflict around Doklam would likely be done on the ground, even though the terrain would limit quick strikes and mass movement of troops. REUTERS/Frank Jack Daniel Monpa tribeswomen employed by the Indian army work on India's Tezpur-Tawang highway, which runs to the Chinese border in the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, May 28, 2012. Both countries are among <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/most-powerful-militaries-in-the-world-ranked-2018-2" target="_blank">the most largest militaries</a> in the world. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/militaries-most-active-duty-soldiers-troops-2018-5#2-india-1362500-active-personnel-14" target="_blank">China's 2.1 million active-duty troops</a> are far more than India's 1.3 million, though Indian troops may bring more experience to bear. Indian fought its last war, with Pakistan, in 1999 and has been involved in sporatic clashes with Pakistan, as well as counterterror and counter-insurgency operations for years. (Delhi was developing a special Mountain Strike Corps for the northern border, but it <a href="https://www.janes.com/article/81837/indian-army-shelves-plans-for-new-fighting-corps" target="_blank">was shelved</a> this summer.) China fought its last war in 1979 - a three-week incursion into Vietnam that ended with China's withdrawal, though both sides claimed victory. Xi has <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2153579/chinas-army-infiltrated-peace-disease-after-years" target="_blank">ordered</a> China's military to increase readiness and launched reforms to the force. Along the Line of Actual Control, however, China may gain an edge through <a href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/sizing-competition-doklam-plateau" target="_blank">superior</a> command, control, and communications and through its unified command structure in the region, whereas India divides the region among three combatant commands. REUTERS/Frank Jack Daniel An Indian army truck drives along India's Tezpur-Tawang highway, which runs to the Chinese border, in the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, May 28, 2012. India is aware that it would likely lose a military confrontation with China, Pervaiz said, as it did in 1962. (Mao later said China invaded essentially <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/this-is-how-it-could-go-down-if-china-and-india-went-to-war-2017-8" target="_blank">to teach India a lesson</a>.) A conflict now is not in the interest of either country, he added, but "they both are going to continue to sharpen their capabilities in the event that there ever is a conflict [in order] to be able to fight and execute on that conflict, no doubt about it." Since the end of the Doklam standoff, China has kept the assets it deployed there - tents, bunkers, and vehicles, Pervaiz said - in place, even as Indian forces withdrew. Questioned about that change in parliament earlier this year, the Indian <keyword id="6354810" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="defense">Defense</keyword> Ministry tacitly admitted "China has actually altered those facts on the ground" and India had to accept the change, Pervaiz said. REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri Indian soldiers play a friendly volleyball match with Chinese soldiers at the Indo-China border at Nathula in Sikkim state, about 109 miles from the northeastern Indian city of Siliguri, September 15, 2005. India too has pursued a longer-term shift in its strategy toward the disputed border. Delhi tried to minimize the number of roads in the border area after the 1962 war in order to deprive future enemies of transportation routes. Since the 1990s, however, India has switched to what Pervaiz called "an offensive-defense posture, meaning that we're not just going to deny the Chinese access to roads in our region. We're actually going to start building more roads and infrastructure so that our military can be better positioned." REUTERS/Adnan Abidi A signboard on the Indian side of the Indo-China border at Bumla, in the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, November 11, 2009. Amid the recalibration, the broader strategic issues driving tensions between India and China - the border dispute or China's partnership with India's rival, Pakistan - have not dissipated, suggesting the current period is one in which both sides are trying to manage their disputes, which Pervaiz analogized to treating a chronic illness. "It may be that the physician says that you're not going to get rid of this," he said. "This is something you're going to have to live with for the rest of your life, but we can manage it ... and then the symptoms can stay under control." Even though neither side sees conflict as in their interest, deep-seated disputes that persist raise the chances one may occur. "In the long run, because the strategic drivers are still there, and they're building up their assets, the roads, the bunkers," Pervaiz said, "that that does mean in the future, there's actually a heightened probability there's going to be some sort of confrontation, even if it's a small one." <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asia-earth-ice-melted-rising-ocean-coastline-china-india-2015-3">Animated map shows what would happen to Asia if all the Earth's ice melted</a></h3> <pre style="display: none;">function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</pre>

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