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<br /><ul><li><keyword id="7940647" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mission-mangalyaan">Mission Mangalyaan</keyword> is commended for being the cheapest ever <keyword id="452868" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mission-to-Mars">mission to Mars</keyword>, which was successful on a budget of ₹4.5 billion. <br /></li><li>Its cost was less than the budget of the upcoming movie based on the event, <keyword id="1961443" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mission-mangal">Mission Mangal</keyword> which was produced for ₹5 billion. <br /></li><li>But its limited budget meant that it was only a technology demonstration mission for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) rather than one focused on collecting scientific data.<br /></li></ul>The upcoming Bollywood movie, <em>Mission Mangal</em>, set to release on August 15th celebrates India's successful maiden mission to Mars — Mangalyaan. An ensemble cast consisting of <keyword id="2823" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Akshay-Kumar">Akshay Kumar</keyword>, Vidya Balan and Sharman Joshi all star in a movie that showcases India's space mission. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="66816772_10156986660608283_8557114509213302784_n_edited" msid="70498336" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cast of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mission Mangal &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

<br />Mission Mangalyaan, or the Mars Orbiter Mission (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/India-Is-Pioneering-The-Low-Cost-Mission-To-Mars/articleshow/25239899.cms">MOM</a>), is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Mangalyaan-Makes-Its-Way-To-Times-Best-Inventions-of-2014-List/articleshow/45260385.cms">lauded</a> for being the cheapest ever mission to Mars which a budget of ₹4.5 billion (₹450 crore). <br /><br />It's also how India came to be the fourth country to land on Mars and the first one to do it successfully on its first attempt. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="mars1_edited" msid="70498480" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mangalyaan captures its first image of Mars taken from a height of 7300 km&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

<br />Ironically <em>Mission Mangal</em>'s <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-on-mission-mangal-my-film-2-0-had-a-budget-of-500-crore-india-s-mars-mission-cost-less-than-that/story-bQBoxtyvC1ewHgJXNRhYFN.html">budget</a> is more than that of the actual Mars mission at ₹5 billion (₹500 crore), according to Kumar. <br /><br />But unlike the movie, the story of Mangalyaan doesn't quite end happily ever after.<br /><br /><strong>Defying the odds<br /></strong><br /><em>Mission Mangal</em>'s trailer shows that the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had proposed a budget ₹8 billion (₹ 800 crore) to launch Mangalyaan but were only allotted a little more than half that amount for the project.<br /><br /><div type="image" title="mom_edited" msid="70498449" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;First image of the Earth by MCC of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft taken on Nov 19, 2013&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

<br />Innovation and <em>jugaad </em>(cheap quick fix solutions to problems) did help turn the mission. This is in spite of the fact that its ‘chances of success were less than 1%'.<br /><br />And, while <em>Mission Mangal</em> seems to highlight the obstacles that India had to overcome in order to launch Mangalyaan — it could fail to illustrate the fact that it came at a cost.<br /><br /><strong>Cost of science<br /></strong><br />In the movie, the project team worries about getting the payloads aboard the rocket. In typical movie fashion, the narrative seems to be skewed towards how they finally managed to ‘fix' it. <br /><br />In reality, ISRO had to drastically cut down on the instruments it had planned to send to Mars because it lacked a rocket with the requisite capacity. <br /><br />Technology like the ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-most-powerful-launcher-will-carry-chandrayaan-2-on-moon-mission/articleshow/70202043.cms">Bahubali</a>' GSLV-Mark III heavy launch vehicle which recently launched the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> mission into space wasn't available back in 2013. Instead, India used its lighter PSLV XL launch vehicle — originally built for the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-were-the-challenges-with-chandrayaan-1/articleshow/70202192.cms">Chandrayaan 1</a> and the largest available rocket at the time — to reach Mars. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="pslv-c25-23 (1)_edited" msid="70498392" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mangalyaan&amp;#39;s PSLV XL C25 rocket taking off in 2013&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

<br />A smaller rocket also meant that it could only carry so much weight. Mangalyaan's payload was only 15 kilograms and it could only take five payloads along. <br /><br />And since ISRO only had 18 months to pull the mission together, the instruments were relatively simple, and could only send back to the most basic of information. <br /><br /><div type="image" title="mars06_edited" msid="70498540" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mangalyaan&amp;#39;s spacecraft undergoing EMI/EMC test at ISITE ISAC Bangalore&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

<br />To put it in perspective, US' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) had five years to work on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (<keyword id="443648" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="MAVEN">MAVEN</keyword>) — which launched a mere 13 days after MOM. It had a capacity of 65 kilograms, carried eight payloads and cost a total of $671 million. And so, its contribution towards scientific advancement and the understanding of Mars was also much higher.<br /><br />Mangalyaan, on the other hand, the aim was just to get there. ISRO, in the past, stated that Mangalyaan was merely a technology demonstration mission to show India's capabilities in outer space technology. In that sense, it could be termed successful, yet its contribution to understanding the elusive planet, is quite less. <br /><br /><strong>See also: <br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-low-cost-chandrayaan-and-mars-missions-come-at-a-price/articleshow/70226652.cms">India's low cost space missions come at a price</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-commercial-operations-clock-in-over-60-billion-in-revenue-but-leaves-private-players-out-of-the-equation/articleshow/70375311.cms">ISRO's commercial operations clock in over ₹60 billion in revenue but leaves private players out of the equation</a><br />

The truth of ISRO's Mangalyaan which Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal could miss

<br /><ul><li><keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>’s Mars InSight lander just detected its first significant quake on Mars.</li><li>Researchers on the project have analysed that the quake is more moon-like in nature than earth-like.</li><li>The discovery of quakes on Mars to kick off a new field of study — Martian seismology.</li></ul>NASA’s Mars InSight lander, which <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasas-new-mars-mission-just-landed--and-it-could-reveal-why-earth-is-habitable-but-the-red-planet-is-not/articleshow/66818558.cms">landed</a> on the Red Planet on 26 November, has <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7383">successfully</a> measured and recorded a ‘Marsquake’ for the very first time.<br /><br />The seismic signal was recorded on April 6 — Insight’s 128th day on Mars — and it’s the first tremor to have been recorded that is coming from inside the planet rather than being caused by extraneous forces.<br /><br />
  <div type="Youtube" id="DLBP-5KoSCc" title="First Likely Marsquake Heard by NASA's InSight" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DLBP-5KoSCc/mqdefault.jpg"></div>



<br />Even though it’s still unknown what caused the quake, scientists at NASA and the National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) — the French apex space agency — have <a href="https://presse.cnes.fr/en/world-first-french-seis-instrument-detects-marsquake">determined</a> that the quakes are more moon-like in nature than similar to earthquakes. <br /><br />
  <div type="ExtQuote" text="The Martian Sol 128 event is exciting because its size and longer duration fit the profile of moonquakes detected on the lunar surface during the Apollo missions." auname="Lori Glaze, Planetary Science Division director at NASA Headquarters"></div>



<br />One of the reasons for this is that Mars does not <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/video/mars-in-a-minute-how-did-mars-get-such-enormous-mountains/">have</a> functioning tectonic plates right or even ones that are clearly defined. Even if the plates did exist or move around— that was a long time <a href="https://www.space.com/17087-mars-surface-marsquakes-plate-tectonics.html">ago</a>. <br /><br />According to Bruce Banerdt, the principle investigator on the InSight mission, the discovery of ‘Marsquakes’ kicks off a new field of study — Martian seismology.<br /><br />
  <div type="ExtQuote" text="We've been collecting background noise up until now, but this first event officially kicks off a new field: Martian seismology." auname="Bruce Banerdt, InSight Principal Investigator, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory"></div>



<br /><br />But, NASA also points out that a quake of this size would barely be detectable on Earth. The only reason it’s significant on Mars is because the planet is so quiet. Three more quakes were also detected on Mars but they were ever weaker. Nonetheless, researchers on the project are optimistic that there are bigger quakes to come in the future.<br /><br />
  <div type="ExtQuote" text="We’re starting to have many small quakes. By the end of the mission we’ll have a super big quake." auname="Philippe Lognonné, SEIS team lead at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP)"></div>



<br />InSight’s measurements of significant seismological activity will help with the lander’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasas-insight-lander-may-not-be-as-sexy-as-a-mars-rover-but-heres-why-the-mission-matters-for-earthlings/articleshow/66818815.cms">primary mission</a> to study the interior of Mars. <br /><br />While NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab (JLP) leads the Insight mission, CNES provided the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument that helped detect the tremors.<br /><br /><strong>See also:<br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasas-insight-lander-may-not-be-as-sexy-as-a-mars-rover-but-heres-why-the-mission-matters-for-earthlings/articleshow/66818815.cms"></a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasas-new-mars-mission-just-landed--and-it-could-reveal-why-earth-is-habitable-but-the-red-planet-is-not/articleshow/66818558.cms">NASA's new Mars mission just landed - and it could reveal why Earth is habitable but the red planet is not</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasas-insight-lander-may-not-be-as-sexy-as-a-mars-rover-but-heres-why-the-mission-matters-for-earthlings/articleshow/66818815.cms">NASA's InSight lander may not be as sexy as a Mars rover, but here's why the mission matters for Earthlings</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-mars-insight-lander-will-be-the-first-spacecraft-to-study-planets-deep-interior/articleshow/66803762.cms">NASA Mars InSight lander will be the first spacecraft to study planet's deep interior</a><br />

NASA detects a quake on Mars for the very first time — using sound

<br /> Although <keyword id="164562" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mars-mission">Mars mission</keyword> have a high failure rate worldwide, renowned space scientist UR Rao has expressed confidence that India’s maiden journey to Mars would be a success. <p class="body">
	<span lang="EN">India launched the <keyword id="1925476" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mars-orbiter">Mars Orbiter</keyword> Mission, called ‘<keyword id="1506013" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</keyword>’, in November 2013. The spacecraft is expected to land on Mars on September 24. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="body">
	<span lang="EN">“More than 30% of Mars missions failed in the beginning, but we have undertaken this for the first time and we will succeed. On September 24, we will go to Mars,” said Rao, chairman, council of management, physical research laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad. Rao added, “we would be able to colonise Mars in less than 1,000 years.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="body">
	<span lang="EN">He said Indian scientists were also working on L1 mission to study the Sun. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="body">
	<span lang="EN">“I am surprised no scientific person is working on the solar corona. We know so little about the Sun. The ignorance is amazing. Papers are being written but we cannot make head or tail of them. Today we have the technological ability to do it. Why are scientific people not doing it? If you have to do great science, you have to have an adventurous attitude,” he told the scientific community at PRL. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

Space Scientist Expresses
Confidence Of Mangalyaan’s Success

Colonising Mars — Four space missions that will explore Earth’s closest neighbour to see if it can one day support human life

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Mars is a freezing, desolate desert seemingly devoid of life. Yet humanity will be in much better shape after <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/5-undeniable-reasons-why-humans-should-go-to-mars-2015-4">we colonize</a> it.<p>This feat, however, will not be easy. The first steps will likely begin with return missions from Mars back to Earth. And only after we've proven that we can safely transport, land, and launch people from Mars, will we begin considering the possibility of establishing small, permanent colonies there.</p><p>Before either of those things can happen, however, scientists first need to make sure we can afford these missions and, more importantly, prove that we have the technology to safely get people to Mars and back.</p><p>There are ten projects that are currently underway which should help us move forward with missions to Mars. Based on the ground and in space, these projects are pushing the boundaries of technology and human psychology, physiology, and ingenuity.</p><h3><strong>NASA's one-year mission</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>On <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/march/one-year-crew-set-for-launch-to-space-station-nasa-tv-to-air-live-coverage/#.VRCRg2TF-aZ">Friday, March 27</a>, 2015 NASA astronaut Scott Kelly, with cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Mikhail Kornienko, floated aboard the International Space Station. For Kelly and Kornienko, the day marked the beginning of their one year in space - one of the longest periods anyone has ever spent at one time aboard the ISS.<p>The experiment will explore the long-term effects of space on the human body, something that must be well-understood before we can safely send astronauts on deep-space missions to Mars and back.</p><h3><strong>Revolutionary landing technology</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Right now, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California is testing its <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/ldsd/">low-density supersonic decelerator (LDSD) project</a>, which includes the model of an actual flying saucer that could carry and land heavy loads - including astronauts on Mars as soon as <a href="http://www.space.com/24268-manned-mars-mission-nasa-feasibility.html">the 2030s</a>.<p>This project is pushing the boundaries of spacecraft technology to design the safest, most cost-effective way of slowing a spacecraft down once it has entered the Red Planet's atmosphere. The next flight test for LDSD is scheduled to take place in <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4533">June 2015</a>.</p><h3><strong>Monster rockets</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Manned missions to Mars means heavier payloads that will need powerful rockets to ferry those loads into space. Therefore, NASA is constructing a monster rocket, called the <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/664158main_sls_fs_master.pdf">Space Launch System</a>, which will be the most powerful rocket ever built.<p><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/sls/multimedia/gallery/sls-infographic3.html#.VM_EHlXF-7G">This rocket</a> is designed for NASA's future deep-space missions and will launch four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft toward far-off destinations, which could include an asteroid and even Mars in the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-first-humans-to-walk-on-mars-2014-7">not-to0-distant future</a>.</p><p>Elon Musk's company SpaceX is also designing a rocket, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-reveals-its-new-falcon-heavy-rocket-2015-1">called the Falcon Heavy</a>, that the company aims to one day transport humans first to space, then the moon, and ultimately Mars. The first test launch of the Falcon Heavy is scheduled for the <a href="http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/02/25/falcon-heavy-rocket-hangar-rises-at-pad-39a/">second half of 2015</a>.</p><h1>Inflatable transport modules</h1><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>According to NASA, it costs <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/astp.html_prt.htm">$10,000 to send a single pound</a> into space. That's a big problem because a manned mission to Mars will require large amounts of food, water, and the space to store it as well as the space to house astronauts: More space generally means larger, heavier spacecraft.<p>The American space technology start up company Bigelow Aerospace has a creative way around this problem by generating more space at limited cost with their light-weight inflatable module called the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) - the <a href="http://bigelowaerospace.com/beam/">world's first private space habitat</a>.</p><p>Once inflated, this module creates a room that is 13 feet long and 10.5 feet wide. What's more, it's designed to protect against space radiation, which in high doses (accumulated over long periods) can be potentially harmful to humans. Therefore, such a module is ideal for long, deep-space missions.</p><p><a href="http://www.space.com/28855-inflatable-space-station-habitat-bigelow.html">In 2015</a>, SpaceX is scheduled to launch Bigelow's module to the International Space Station, where it will be attached to the station and inflated for a total of two years. During that time, astronauts will not inhabit it but will monitor its temperature, pressure, and radiation levels. If the module holds up, Bigelow will have proven that inflatable modules could be an important addition to future manned spacecraft.</p><h3><strong>Game-changing reusable rockets</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>One of the major obstacles standing in between humans and Mars is the rockets that would transport humans back to Earth. SpaceX is trying to fix that by building reusable rockets which can guide themselves down to the ground and softly land, intact - something that has never been achieved.<p>SpaceX has not yet succeeded in navigating one of their Falcon 9 rockets from space to a floating platform in the ocean (they must first prove they can land these rockets far from residential areas before touching them down on land), but <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/close-up-spacex-rocket-landing-april-2015-2015-4">they came close on April 14</a> and will attempt another landing in June 2015.</p><h3><strong>Oxygen on Mars</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>When it comes to deep-space travel and exploration, oxygen is one of the most important elements in the mix. Humans breathe it to live and rockets burn it to fly. That's why a team of scientists at MIT is working on a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/moxie-makes-oxygen-for-colonies-on-mars-2015-3">machine that could make oxygen on Mars</a>, which will be launched on the <a href="http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/">Mars 2020 mission</a>.<p>This kind of a set up could play a major part in future manned missions to Mars. For example, a larger version would produce liquid oxygen rocket fuel for SpaceX's reusable rockets that could then launch astronauts off Mars and toward Earth.</p><h3><strong>Habitats for Mars</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>The atmosphere on Mars consists of 96% carbon dioxide and less than 0.2% oxygen (Earth has about 21% oxygen). If people tried breathing the air on Mars, they would quickly suffocate, which is why future homes on Mars will likely be completely enclosed habitats.<p>Humans are not used to such confined environments, where they would seldom leave (and when they did they would be in space suits) and have to learn to grow and harvest their own food (living an almost-certain vegetarian diet because it would be too expensive to transport animals to Mars). Therefore, scientists are studying the affect these habitats have both on the human body and psychology with a handful enclosed habitats in regions across the globe.</p><p>Some examples are the <a href="http://mdrs.marssociety.org/home/about-mdrs">Mars Analogue Research Station Program</a>&#xa0;which includes enclosed habitats in the Canadian Arctic, the American southwest, the Australian outback, and Iceland. There's also <a href="http://hi-seas.org/">Hawaii's Space Exploration Analog and Simulation</a>, which currently houses six crew members who will live in the module for a total of 9 months before <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/20/moving-to-mars">leaving in June 2015</a>.</p><h3><strong>Asteroid stepping stones</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Testing the technolgoy that will eventually send the first astronauts to Mars is NASA's <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/content/how-will-nasas-asteroid-redirect-mission-help-humans-reach-mars">Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM)</a>, which will use a robotic spacecraft to capture an asteroid and bring it into orbit around the moon by the mid 2020s.<p>In order to make manned missions to Mars economically practical, NASA plans to use solar-powered spacecraft that will use 5 to 10 times less fuel than current propulsion systems. Less fuel means lighter payloads and lower cost, and the ARM mission will test the largest, most advanced solar-powered spacecraft, yet.</p><p>In 2014, Congress awarded the mission $40.5 million to continue their research - $20 million more than it had provided in 2012. And in <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/march/nasa-announces-next-steps-on-journey-to-mars-progress-on-asteroid-initiative">March 2015</a>, NASA announced that they had more than doubled the number of asteroids that might be potential candidates for the mission since they began looking three years ago, marking an important step forward.</p><h3><strong>New and improved spacesuits</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>The spacesuits astronauts currently wear on the International Space Station during spacewalks are not designed for deep-space missions to Mars. That's because some of these spacesuits were first designed 40 years ago and are <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/content/how-will-nasas-asteroid-redirect-mission-help-humans-reach-mars">often returned to Earth for repair</a> to make sure they regulate oxygen and remove carbon dioxide efficiently.<p>NASA is currently designing new and improved spacesuits that could last through a long mission, like one to Mars. Such a mission would take anywhere from <a href="http://www.universetoday.com/14841/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-to-mars/">6 months to a year</a>, depending on the speed of the spacecraft and the distance between Earth and Mars at the time of mission launch.</p><p>Astronauts will have the chance to really test out these suits in the mid-2020s when they collect samples from the captured asteroid that's part of NASA's ARM mission.</p><h3><strong>Mars One's ambitions</strong></h3><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-a-mars-colony-could-work-2013-12">If the next decade goes as planned</a>, the not-for-profit organization, Mars One, will launch a manned mission to Mars that will land the first human colony by 2025. Compared to NASA's goal to send the first astronauts to Mars sometime in the 2030s, Mars One's deadline is incredibly ambitious.<p>Unlike NASA, Mars One will not attempt to return people to Earth once they've reached Mars. While this makes the process of sending people to Mars easier because it cuts the trip in half, some experts are skeptical the organization will succeed.</p><p>For example, Canadian Space Agency astronaut <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/astronauts-thoughts-on-mars-one-colony-mission-2014-12">Chris Hadfield</a> questions their technolgoy while <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mars-one-trip-wont-work-2015-2">John Logsdon</a>, a space policy expert at George Washington University, questions their motives.</p><p><em style="line-height: 1.5em;">Know of a legitimate Mars project we didn't mention? Please let us know by emailing the BI <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">Science</keyword> team at science@businessinsider.com.</em></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-falcon-9-reusable-rocket-2015-4">How Elon Musk and SpaceX plan to drastically reduce the cost of space flight</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="RoYjFmdDqzlnykrwWfoldbxWYwdvQpBh" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

10 things scientists are doing right now so humans can inhabit Mars

<ul><li><keyword id="364027" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="musk" source="Orion">Musk</keyword> says ‘Moon brought us together in a69, <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword> can do that in the future.’</li><li><keyword id="6355315" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="elon-musk" source="Orion">Elon Musk</keyword> aims to build over 1,000 starships to transport life to Mars.</li><li>Musk claims that his starship models will be ‘modern Noah's Arks.’</li></ul>Tech billionaire Elon Musk is optimistic and has expressed confidence that "humanity will reach Mars in your lifetime".<br />On Twitter, the Tesla and SpaceX CEO wrote that "without a common goal, humanity will fight itself".<br />"Moon brought us together in a69, Mars can do that in the future," Musk said.<br />Last month, the tech billionaire said that his space venture SpaceX aims to build over 1,000 Starships to transport life to Mars.<br />The Tesla CEO had stated that making life multi-planetary will help back up the ecosystems on <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">Earth</keyword> and added that apart from humans no other species can transport life to Mars.<br />Referring to Biblical patriarch Noah who built an Ark that survived the great flood on Earth, Musk said his Starship models will be "modern Noah's Arks", that can save "life from a calamity on Earth".<br />SpaceX is developing Starship to take people and cargo to the moon, Mars and beyond.<br />The vehicle consists of two elements: a first-stage booster called Super Heavy and an upper-stage spacecraft known as Starship.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rivian-amazon-and-apple-are-snapping-up-laid-off-tesla-employees-amid-elon-musks-workforce-reduction-plans/articleshow/92708682.cms">Rivian, Amazon, and Apple are snapping up laid-off Tesla employees amid Elon Musk's workforce-reduction plans</a><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/a-scottish-man-bought-an-abandoned-stone-cottage-in-his-village-and-turned-it-into-his-first-tiny-home-over-the-course-of-11-months-ampmdash-check-it-out/slidelist/92711699.cms"><strong>A Scottish man bought an abandoned stone cottage in his village and turned it into his first tiny home over the course of 11 months — check it out</strong></a><br />

Elon Musk is confident that humanity will reach Mars in our lifetime

<ul><li><strong>About 36 minutes after the Mars probe was launched, the spacecraft, including an orbiter and a rover, was sent into the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, according to the <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> National Space Administration (CNSA). </strong></li><li><strong>The <keyword id="36918" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="chinese">Chinese</keyword> Mars probe named Tianwen 1, or Quest for Heavenly Truth 1, will fulfil three scientific objectives: orbiting the red planet for comprehensive observation, landing on Martian soil and sending a rover to roam the landing site. </strong></li><li><strong>It will conduct scientific investigations into the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water, media reports said. </strong><br /></li></ul>China successfully launched its <keyword id="9627057" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="first-mars-probe">first Mars probe</keyword> on Thursday from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in the southern island province of Hainan, official media here reported. <br /><br /> About 36 minutes after the Mars probe was launched, the spacecraft, including an orbiter and a rover, was sent into the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA). <br /><br /> The Chinese Mars probe named Tianwen 1, or Quest for Heavenly Truth 1, will fulfil three scientific objectives: orbiting the red planet for comprehensive observation, landing on Martian soil and sending a rover to roam the landing site. <br /><br /> It will conduct scientific investigations into the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water, media reports said. <br /><br /> The Long March 5 rocket, the nation's biggest and most powerful, will transport the robotic probe to the Earth-Mars transfer trajectory before the spacecraft begins its self-propelled flight toward Mars' gravity field. <br /><br /> According to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, a State-owned space conglomerate, the probe will travel for about seven months before it reaches Mars, which at the farthest point of its orbit is about 400 million kilometres from Earth and 55 million kilometres at the nearest point. <br /><br /> It said the probe consists of three parts － the orbiter, the lander and the rover －and they will separate in Mars orbit. The orbiter will remain in the orbit for scientific operations and to relay signals while the lander-rover combination makes an autonomous descent and landing. <br /><br /> The rover has six wheels and four solar panels and carries six scientific instruments. It weighs over 200 kilogrammes and will work for about three months on the planet, designers said. <br /><br /> China aims to catch up with India, the US, Russia and the EU to reach the red planet. <br /><br /> China in recent years has emerged as a major space power with manned space missions and landing a rover in the dark side of the moon. It is currently building a space station of its own. <br /><br /> China's previous attempt to send an exploratory probe to Mars called Yinghuo-1, in a Russian spacecraft in 2011 failed as shortly after the launch it was declared lost and later burnt during re-entry. <br /><br /> The US, Russia, India and the EU have succeeded in sending missions to Mars regarded as the most complex space mission. India became the first Asian country to have successfully launched its Mars orbiter mission Mangalyaan which entered the orbit of the red planet in 2014. <br /><br /> India also became the first country to have entered the Martian orbit in its first attempt. <br /><br /> China's Mars probe is the second such mission launched this month. <br /><br /> A United Arab Emirates spacecraft to go to Mars was launched from Japan on July 20, in what is the Arab world's first interplanetary mission. <br /><br /> The launch of the spacecraft named Amal, or the 'Hope Probe', marks the start of the seven-month journey to the red planet. NASA Perseverance rover is due to lift off on July 30. <br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO: <br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/coovid-vaccine-from-oxford-serum-institute-and-astrazeneca-shows-promising-immune-response/articleshow/77069321.cms">The COVID-19 vaccine from Oxford and AstraZeneca shows 'promising' results in early human trials</a><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/from-intel-and-wipro-to-tcs-and-google-here-are-the-top-job-openings-in-the-multinational-companies/articleshow/77058769.cms">From Intel and Wipro to TCS and Google— Here are the top job openings in the multinational companies</a><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/checkout-upcoming-affordable-smartphone-oneplus-nord-launch-price-specifications-features/articleshow/77061620.cms"><strong>OnePlus Nord launch price, specs and more – Everything we know about the upcoming affordable OnePlus smartphone</strong></a><br />

China launches first Mars mission

<br />The <keyword id="6625456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-Orbiter-Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</keyword> (MOM), the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword>’s (ISRO’s) first interplanetary mission, <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/24-sep-2018/mars-orbiter-mission-mom-completes-4-years-its-orbit" data-type="tilCustomLink">completed 4 years</a> on Monday. This mission made <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> the first country to enter the red planet’s orbit on its first attempt as well as the first Asian country to have sent a spacecraft into <keyword id="47638" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>’ orbit. <br /><br /><div type="Youtube" id="p6iSYiSQUF8" title="India's Mars Orbiter Mission completes 4 years" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/p6iSYiSQUF8/mqdefault.jpg"></div>

<br />To mark the occasion, ISRO shared some pictures from the <keyword id="1927478" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars-Colour-Camera">Mars Colour Camera</keyword> (MCC) on board the Mars Orbiter Spacecraft (MOS). <br /><br />In order to fulfil its mission of collecting data to study the Martian atmosphere and observe the red planet's physical features, the MOS also carries a thermal infrared imaging spectrometer, methane sensor for Mars, Mars exospheric neutral composition analyser and a Lyman Alpha photometer.<br /><br />Here are some of the images that have been captured so far:<br /><br />

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