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<ul class="summary-list"><li>The second moon that Earth has captured in its orbit this month is an asteroid called 2024 PT5.</li><li>Mini-moons like this could be ideal targets for asteroid mining to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-havent-we-been-to-mars-yet-2024-5">send humans deeper into space</a>.</li></ul>The <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/second-moon-orbiting-earth-when-why-what-to-know-2024-9 ">second moon that Earth now has for two months</a> may seem like just a fun curiosity, but it's also a sneak peek at a future space industry that could change our global economy.An asteroid called 2024 PT5, which normally orbits the sun as part of the Arjuna asteroid belt, was <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronomers-photograph-mini-moon-small-object-in-orbit-2020-2">captured in Earth's orbit</a> on Sunday, according to astronomers' projections. Astronomers expect it to spend about 57 days traveling along a horseshoe-shaped path around Earth before rejoining its asteroid belt.For those 57 days, the school-bus-sized <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asteroid-impact-simulation-experts-fear-congress-would-delay-action-2024-6">asteroid</a> will be a "natural satellite" of Earth — basically another, temporary moon.<div type="image" title="screenshot of asteroid profile page showing illustration of a bumpy candy-corn-shaped grey asteroid in space with a text box labeling it 2024 PT5 and saying its average estimated diameter is 10.76 m" height="1537" width="2864" msid="113817839" hostid="261" sizebytes="68552"></div>That makes it economically intriguing. "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fake-moon-asteroid-orbiting-sun-alongside-earth-astronomers-discover-2023-6">Mini-moons</a>" like this are ideal targets for mining, according to Carlos de la Fuente Marcos, one of the scientists who charted 2024 PT5's path around our planet.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-mining-company-earth-startups-raw-materials-cobalt-gold-platinum-2021-3">Asteroid mining</a> could someday help humans travel further out into the cosmos and extend our presence through the solar system. That's because some asteroids contain valuable metals like iron or platinum, as well as water.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-plan-colonize-mars-plan-unrealistic-scientists-explain-2023-10">Elon Musk's vision of a city on Mars</a>, for example, depends on asteroid mining. Temporary moons like 2024 PT5 could be a key stepping stone."Mini-moons are very important for the nascent global <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-helping-private-companies-build-business-moon-make-lunar-billions-2023-6">space economy</a>," Marcos told Business Insider in an email. Because they come so close to Earth and take a sojourn in our orbit, he added, "they are among the objects easier to reach using low-cost missions."<h2 id="462c4c69-18b1-4a3f-8e7d-7cb0491d6b39">Asteroids can be worth quintillions</h2>Asteroid 2024 PT5 may not be worth much, since scientists think it's made of basalt.It's basically "a giant boulder," Teddy Kareta, a planetary scientist at the Lowell Observatory, told Business Insider.But some asteroids contain so much metal that they're <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-visit-psyche-asteroid-worth-more-than-entire-world-economy-2023-10">worth more than our entire global economy</a>.Take Psyche, for example, an asteroid that NASA is sending a spacecraft to for scientific study, since the agency believes it to be the core of a long-dead planet.Psyche's metal-rich makeup — mostly iron and nickel — makes it worth an estimated $100 quintillion if it were here on Earth.<div type="image" title="graphic of what the asteroid is thought to look like" height="900" width="1600" msid="113817842" hostid="261" sizebytes="175866"></div>Some asteroids even have precious metals like platinum, gold, and cobalt.Nobody has mined an asteroid yet, though <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-video-osiris-rex-probe-landing-on-asteroid-kicking-dust-2020-10">NASA punched one</a> in 2020 to grab scientific samples from it.Some startups are trying to figure out how to start mining space rocks, and do it in a cost-effective way. Flying to an asteroid isn't cheap.One of them, called <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-mining-startup-has-booked-its-first-test-mission-spacex-2022-6">AstroForge, has launched a small probe with SpaceX</a>, though the spacecraft wasn't able to conduct the testing they'd planned, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.space.com/asteroid-mining-astroforge-docking-mission-2025">Space.com</a>. The company is now planning two more missions, which it hopes will culminate in its first landing on a metallic asteroid in 2025.<h2 id="e5b0dd4a-bb61-4c4d-a49c-2d9e9a2960a9">Pit stops on the way to Mars</h2>Long-distance <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-invest-mars-pulsed-plasma-rocket-shorten-space-time-travel-2024-7">deep-space missions</a>, especially if they're carrying humans and cargo, will have a fuel problem.Fuel is heavy, so the less of it you have to load onto a spacecraft the better. On the long flight to Mars or other planets, asteroids could become gas stations.That's because <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article/506/1/L6/6298231?login=false">research</a> <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JE005584">suggests</a> that many asteroids in Earth's neighborhood are rich in water, which can be mined and split into its elementary components — hydrogen and oxygen, both of which are critical for making rocket fuel.Mini-moons are perfect places to start, some scientists think, because of their proximity to Earth but also because of how small they are.It takes an immense amount of rocket fuel to escape Earth's powerful gravitational pull. But little asteroids don't have much gravity, making it easy to leapfrog off of them."It only takes a puff of fuel to leave the mini-moon and head back towards Earth," Richard Binzel, a planetary scientist at MIT, previously told <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.livescience.com/space/space-exploration/undiscovered-minimoons-may-orbit-earth-could-they-help-us-become-an-interplanetary-species">Live Science</a>.<h2 id="bf8bc193-7a0a-4a09-9d9c-2c6ac7e8d411">Mini-moon missions at the ready</h2>One problem with mini-moons is that scientists sometimes don't see them coming until a few weeks before they're captured in our planet's orbit.Asteroid 2024 PT5, for example, was first identified as a mini-moon in early September and will only be in Earth's orbit for about 57 days.That's a tight timeline for preparing and launching a mining mission. For any asteroid, "you need to learn enough about it to know whether it's worth sending a rocket up," Kareta said.Asteroid-mining companies can work around that by having mining spacecraft ready in Earth's orbit, waiting for the right space rock to zoom by, Marcos said."Either if you are thinking about collecting mineral samples for research or starting a space mining venture, mini-moons are your best bet to get your business off the ground," he said.

Mini-moons like the one Earth just captured could be huge business opportunities

<ul><li>Scientists have spotted a new ‘mini-moon’ orbiting Earth. </li><li>The visiting space rock has been identified as asteroid 2020 CD3. </li><li>One of the first mini-moons to be discovered by researchers was 2006 RH120, which circled the planet for 18 months. </li></ul>The Moon isn’t the only space rock orbiting the Earth. A new mini-moon was spotted circling the planet by a researcher at the Catalina Sky Survey. Between 2 to 3 meters wide, scientists estimate that Asteroid 2020 CD3 has been lingering around for the past three years. <div type="twitter" handle="WierzchosKacper" handlename="Kacper Wierzchos" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1119991063781842944/z0bJlZh-_normal.png" favoritecount="2078" retweetcount="981" status="BIG NEWS (thread 1/3). Earth has a new temporarily captured object/Possible mini-moon called 2020 CD3. On the night… https://t.co/QbzjSmnykB" createdat="1582676440000" id="1232460436634656769"></div>

 However, this isn’t the first mini-moon that researchers have found. According to scientists, there is at least one mini-moon circling the planet at any given time — most of them go undiscovered because they’re so small in size. Not the first mini-moon In 2016, the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) reported that another asteroid called <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/SURPRISE-Earth-has-two-moons/amp_articleshow/52782976.cms">2016 HO3</a> had been caught in Earth’s gravity. Bigger than 2020 CD3, it is between 35 to 90 meters wide. When it was initially spotted three years ago, the asteroid had already been around for a century. Scientists estimate that it is likely that it will stick around for many more centuries to come — giving the Earth a grand total of two mini-moons for the foreseeable future. However, 2016 HO3 was one of many. One of the earliest mini-moons was 2006 RH120, just under a meter in size. According to <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248852563_Photometry_of_2006_RH120_An_asteroid_temporary_captured_into_a_geocentric_orbit">researchers</a>, it circled the Earth for 18 months between 2006 and 2007. What do we know about the new mini-moon? The International Astronomical Union (<a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20DA4.html">IAU</a>) observations “indicate that this object is temporarily bound to Earth,” although it did not issue any estimates how long the new mini-moon will be sticking around. An orbit model developed by Tony Dunn, an amateur astrophysicist, estimates that 2020 CD3 could be making its exit from Earth’s orbit as early as April. <div type="twitter" handle="tony873004" handlename="Tony Dunn" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1131753263462662144/EpVgElJF_normal.png" favoritecount="77" retweetcount="32" status="Here's an animated GIF of our new mini-moon 2020 CD3, discovered by @WierzchosKacper. Rotating frame keeps the Eart… https://t.co/mRBEjcIoHF" createdat="1582684157000" id="1232492803805986816"></div>

 However, the IAU was able to confirm that the asteroid is not linked to any known artificial objects. “No evidence of perturbations due to solar radiation pressure is seen,” it added. What would happen if the Earth actually had two moons? Thankfully, all of the mini-moons spotted so far have been small in size. If a space object, identical to the Moon, was to get trapped in the Earth’s orbit the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-city-in-china-wants-to-launch-an-artificial-moon-into-orbit-by-2020-heres-what-would-happen-if-earth-really-did-have-two-moons/articleshow/67474908.cms">results wouldn’t be pretty</a>. Anything a normal moon does, a second moon would exacerbate. So if the original moon dictates tides, a second moon would cause the sea-level to rise suddenly sending the oceans into a violent frenzy. The tug of war between them for dominance would pull gravity back and forth triggering massive volcanic activity. Like Jupiter’s moon Io — the second moon would be overcome in rivers of lava. In the long run — a couple of millions of years of repeated volatility — the two moons would eventually collide destroying each other and sending millions of pieces of debris flying into space, including massive chunks towards Earth. Anything that doesn’t get smashed into the surface would get caught in the planet’s gravity. As of now, the new mini-moon is not something to worry about. While it’s existence has been confirmed, there’s still a lot that scientists hope to uncover in the coming days. Some are hoping that there’s a possibility that the asteroid could get caught in the Moon’s gravity as it flies off, creating a ‘moonmoon’. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasas-lucy-is-going-to-travel-4-billion-miles-to-explore-seven-trojan-asteroids-and-an-asteroid-moon/articleshow/73189625.cms">NASA's 'Lucy' is going to travel 4 billion miles to explore seven Trojan asteroids — and an asteroid Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/moon-magnetic-field-died-a-billion-years-ago/articleshow/73064597.cms">The Moon used to have its own shield against the Sun — it died a billion years ago</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-worlds-oldest-asteroid-struck-earth-2-2-billion-years-ago-triggering-the-first-episode-global-warming-in-history/articleshow/73509096.cms">The world's oldest asteroid struck Earth 2.2 billion years ago triggering one of the first global warming episodes in history</a>

Earth has a new ‘mini-moon’ — and it’s not the first

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Astronomers recently photographed a small object in a chaotic orbit around Earth.</li><li>It might be a mini-moon - a former asteroid temporarily in Earth's orbit. If so, it would be only the second such object astronomers have seen.</li><li>It could also be space debris - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/radar-tracks-space-junk-prevent-collisions-2019-10">500,000 pieces of space junk</a> float in low-Earth orbit.</li><li>Astronomers are trying to conduct more research and record more observations before the object leaves Earth's orbit in April.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Astronomers have captured images of a <a href="https://www.gemini.edu/node/21317">small space object</a> - only a few meters wide - in a chaotic orbit around the Earth.It could be a "mini-moon," but it won't be here for long.The object is set to get ejected from Earth's orbit in April.The International Astronomical Union's <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/">Minor Planet Center</a> has provisionally named the object "2020 CD3," as scientists quickly try to figure out what it is. For now, it's considered a "temporary captured object," the term for a small space object drawn into Earth's gravitational field.If it's a "mini-moon," it was an asteroid that has been captured by Earth's gravitational pull. If not, there's a much less exciting option: It could be a piece of man-made space junk."Either way, this is a very compelling object and needs more data to determine what it is," Grigori Fedorets, the lead astronomer who captured the images of the 2020 CD3, said in an announcement.Astronomers were able to create the composite photograph of the mini-moon above - which shows it as a small but bright pinprick among vibrant disco-ball-like splashes of light - by focusing high-resolution telescopes on the fast-moving object. The splashes of light are stars that appear as trails because of the mini-moon's motion. Their colors come from the filters used to create this composite.The images, captured February 24, come from the <a href="http://www.gemini.edu/">Gemini Observatory</a> in Hawaii. Researchers Kacper Wierzchos and Teddy Pruyne discovered the object at the University of Arizona's <a href="https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/">Lunar and Planetary Laboratory</a> in Tucson, Arizona, on February 15. <h2>A mini-moon or space junk?</h2>If the object is a natural rocky satellite, it would be only second mini-moon astronomers have ever seen. The other was seen in 2006 and has since left our purview.But it could also simply be a piece of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/radar-tracks-space-junk-prevent-collisions-2019-10">space debris</a>, one of the many manmade objects that humans have put into space. The orbiting field of space junk around Earth includes paint flecks and other little pieces from spacecraft, rocket parts that have fallen off or are left over from explosions, nonfunctional satellites, and more.NASA estimates that there are over 500,000 pieces of space junk in our atmosphere, and most of them orbit at speeds up to 18,000 miles per hour - almost seven times faster than a bullet.Scientists think the object's reflexivity - the way it reflects light - might help them figure out what it is.If it's a natural rocky object, it would likely have relatively lower reflectivity than a piece of spacecraft debris. Still, it's difficult for astronomers to study the object since it's so small - between 1.9 and 3.5 meters, Wierzchos estimated - and far away. "Obtaining the images was a scramble for the Gemini team because the object is quickly becoming fainter as it moves away from Earth," John Blakeslee, head of science at the Gemini Observatory, said in a release. Fedorets added that "additional observations to refine its position will help us determine this mystery object's orbit and its possible origin."<h2>Leaving after a chaotic orbit</h2>Wierzchos told <a href="https://www.space.com/minimoon-2020-cd3-discovery-around-earth-explained.html">Space.com</a> that 2020 CD3 has a "chaotic orbit" - the object is all over the place because it's pulled by both the and Earth. He tweeted a simulated diagram of the object's orbit since it came close to Earth about three years ago.But the mini-moon is not slated to stick around."It is expected to be ejected from Earth's orbit altogether in April," Blakeslee said in the announcement.

Astronomers photographed a possible 'mini-moon' orbiting Earth - though it might just be space debris

<keyword id="42440" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Moon">Moon</keyword>ing over the Moon might be considered poetic, but here we are, eagerly waiting for a celestial wonder that will happen bang on Friday, January 31. Well, most people and sites claim that the D-day is January 30 but other organisations are of the opinion that here in India, we are going to see the <keyword id="586617" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="supermoon">supermoon</keyword> (or the closest thing to it, you may say) rise on January 31 at around 3.30 pm in the afternoon. And this is the <keyword id="2036317" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Second-supermoon">second supermoon</keyword> of the month. The first supermoon came up on New Year’s Day and two supermoons in a single calendar month won’t happen again until January 2018, according to EarthSky.org. 
 But hold on – you must be wondering by now what this supermoon is all about. As the name suggests, supermoon is the biggest ever Moon one gets to see when the Moon is at its <keyword id="1930781" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="perigee">perigee</keyword> – the point in its orbit that is closest to <keyword id="6359982" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="earth">Earth</keyword>. The term was coined by <keyword id="6457573" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="astrologer">astrologer</keyword> <keyword id="596435" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Richard-Nolle">Richard Nolle</keyword> over 30 years ago and he clarified the supermoon as “a new or <keyword id="89794" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Full-Moon">full moon</keyword> which occurs with the moon at or near (within 90% of) its closest approach to Earth in a given orbit.” 
 Now you understand that there’s a catch. The Moon can be closest to our planet and we may still not see it, if it’s a <keyword id="73018" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="New-Moon">new moon</keyword> – a time when the Moon lies directly between the Sun and the Earth and we can’t see its illuminated surface. Earlier, the supermoon was called perigee full moon or perigee new moon as the case might be. 
 Supermoon appears about 14% bigger and 30% brighter than the usual full moon, according to <keyword id="6360409" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="NASA">NASA</keyword>. However, both supermoons in January 2014 happen to be new moons, which mean even this time, it will be barely visible in the <keyword id="1248733" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="night-sky">night sky</keyword>. But don’t lose heart. According to <keyword id="681245" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="SPACE-Foundation">Space Foundation</keyword>, an organisation aiming to popularise astronomy, the young moon (the phase just after the new moon) will rise at around 3.30 pm in the afternoon of January 31 and it always looks great when the Moon is hanging near the horizon. 
 “That is when illusion mixes with reality to produce a truly stunning view,” according to NASA. “For reasons not fully understood by <keyword id="49623" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Astronomers">astronomers</keyword> or psychologists, low-hanging Moons look unnaturally large when they beam through trees, buildings and other foreground objects.” 
 
But even if it doesn’t show up on Thursday-Friday (January 30-31), three more supermoons will be coming up this year – on July 12, August 10 and September 9. And they will be all full moons, which are bound to look spectacular. Especially the August supermoon, as it will be closest to the Earth this year – some 356,896 km away. The full moon on March 19, 2011, was even closer, just 356,577 km away from the Earth. The last time the full moon was so close was in 1993, according to NASA. It was about 20% brighter and 15% bigger than a regular full moon. 
 
However, the perigee or the nearest point between the Earth and the Moon can vary by as much as the Earth’s diameter. On an average, the Moon is about 30 Earth diameters away from the planet. 
 Interestingly, we also had a <keyword id="2036315" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Minimoon">minimoon</keyword> on January 15 this year. A minimoon is nothing but a full moon at its apogee – the point in its orbit that is farthest from the Earth. Therefore, it is the smallest-in-size full moon when you watch it in the sky. 
 
As is common with any other astronomical phenomenon, the supermoon got its fair share of blame for a lot of maladies – right from causing insanity to devastating floods. Although those things are nothing but fiction, here is one alarming fact. The Moon is moving away from us and it could be totally gone one fine night. According to scientists, it was only 22,530 km away from the Earth in the beginning but now, it is about 384,402 km away. It has been found that the dear old egghead is gaining strength from Earth’s rotational energy and uses it to propel itself about 3.8 cm higher in its orbit. So it could really be bye-bye Moon one day and we suggest that you have your fill of it while it is still there. 
 
Image: Wikimedia Commons

What Happens When The
Supermoon Rises Twice In The Same Month

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Earth is getting a second moon, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fake-moon-asteroid-orbiting-sun-alongside-earth-astronomers-discover-2023-6">a mini-moon asteroid</a> called 2024 PT5, on September 29.</li><li>This asteroid from the Arjuna asteroid belt will follow a horseshoe path around Earth for 57 days.</li></ul>Earth is about to pluck a second moon from an asteroid belt — but we only get this <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronomers-photograph-mini-moon-small-object-in-orbit-2020-2">mini-moon</a> for 57 days.It's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/potentially-hazardous-asteroids-fly-by-earth-this-week-watch-live-2024-6">an asteroid</a> about the size of a school bus, at 35 feet long, and it has a typical, un-snazzy asteroid name: 2024 PT5.Earth is poised to pick up this hitchhiker from the nearby Arjuna <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-visit-psyche-asteroid-worth-more-than-entire-world-economy-2023-10">asteroid belt</a> on September 29.According to a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/ad781f">paper</a> published in the Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society this month, the 2024 PT5 asteroid will then be in the grasp of Earth's gravity, following a horseshoe-like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/animation-shows-moon-orbits-barycenter-below-earth-surface-2021-3">path around our planet</a> until November 25, when it will return to an orbit around the sun.<div type="image" title="screenshot of asteroid profile page showing illustration of a bumpy candy-corn-shaped grey asteroid in space with a text box labeling it 2024 PT5 and saying its average estimated diameter is 10.76 m" height="1537" width="2864" msid="113609379" hostid="261" sizebytes="68552"></div>"You may say that if a true <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-artificial-star-earth-orbit-help-astronomy-science-calibrate-telescope-2024-6">satellite</a> is like a customer buying goods inside a store, objects like 2024 PT5 are window shoppers," Carlos de la Fuente Marcos, the paper's lead author, told <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.space.com/earth-mini-moon-asteroid-2024-pt5">Space.com</a>.The asteroid poses no threat to Earth.<h2 id="2a322604-0537-4de0-b3ff-12eba524a529">You'll probably only see the mini-moon in photos</h2>This mini-moon is nothing like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/moon-missions-why-astronauts-have-not-returned-2018-7">our real moon</a>. It's super mini. Forget about spotting it with your naked eye or even a pair of binoculars.In fact, according to Dan Bartlett, an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tried-see-green-comet-fail-2023-2">astrophotographer in California</a>, asteroid 2024 PT5 is so faint that it's "well beyond the limits of most of the best amateur telescopes."That won't stop him from trying to photograph it, though.From his <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/darkest-skies-by-state-watch-space-events-stargazing">dark-skies </a>vantage point in the middle of the Sierra Nevada mountains, Bartlett thinks he might be able to catch the asteroid by imaging all night long with his sophisticated telescope equipment on an extra-dark night when the main moon is not in the sky."<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-photograph-full-moon-according-to-astrophotographers-top-tips-2024-9">The image probably won't look like much</a> but you never know until you try," Bartlett told BI in an email.However, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/images-show-james-webb-space-telescope-stronger-sharper-than-hubble-2022-7">telescopes</a> used by professional astronomers should be able to image 2024 PT5 easily, according to Marcos.<div type="image" title="four pixelated blurry images of white dots in distant space with one long dot circled in purple in the center" height="928" width="936" msid="113609377" hostid="261" sizebytes="78262"></div>So stay tuned for pictures.<h2 id="90a35d03-b346-44fa-a648-63841dcaf537">When the mini-moon returns</h2>The asteroid won't make its closest <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adam-driver-asks-nasa-save-earth-from-world-ending-asteroids-2023-3">approach to Earth</a> until after it loses mini-moon status, though.On January 8, 2025, according to NASA, it will skim past Earth at a distance of about 1.1 million miles (1.8 million kilometers).For reference, the main moon (the big one you see in the sky at night) is, on average, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mind-boggling-nasa-photo-shows-moon-distance-from-earth-2022-10">about 238,855 miles (384,400 kilometers) away from us</a>. It will probably still be impossible to see with binoculars or the naked eye.After that, our temporary moonlet won't fly by again until 2055.It's not our first mini-moon and it won't be the last. Another asteroid, called 2022 NX1, briefly fell into Earth's orbit in 2022. Astronomers declared it to be a mini-moon, or a "short-term natural satellite," and determined that it would return again in 2051.The situation brings Bartlett to a simple conclusion, which you may have reached too: "Space is neat," he said.

Earth is about to get a 2nd moon, for 57 days only. Here's what you need to know.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>This post originally appeared in the Insider Today newsletter.</li></ul>Good morning! It'll only be for 57 days, but the asteroid 2024 PT5 (catchy name) will grab a ride on Earth's gravity starting this Sunday <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/second-moon-orbiting-earth-when-why-what-to-know-2024-9">to give us a mini-moon</a>.We're also running a promotion for unlimited access to Business Insider content. The sale ends Tuesday. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/limited-offer">More details here</a>.In today's big story, why you should care <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intel-struggles-qualcomm-deal-chip-industry-turmoil-2024-9">about a potential Intel-Qualcomm deal</a>, even if it might not work.What's on deck:<ul><li>Markets: Jamie Dimon takes a shot at private equity <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jpmorgan-jamie-dimon-junior-bankers-private-equity-jobs-unethical-2024-9">over its courting of junior bankers</a>.</li><li>Tech: An AI model dubbed "Moneyball for VC" identified some of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-best-female-early-stage-investors-2024-9">top female early-stage investors</a>.</li><li>Business: Everything you need to know about the epic battle over <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rupert-murdoch-succession-court-fox-news-corp-david-folkenflik-interview-2024-9">Rupert Murdoch's media empire</a>.</li></ul>But first, do opposites attract?If this was forwarded to you, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today">sign up here.</a><h3 id="7fa5f018-5b05-4a37-a8dc-d3f89138bcb3">The big story</h3><h2 id="5fd547b9-ec52-41fc-8e08-4f4b27dd8097">Chips on the table</h2><div type="image" title="Intel in an eye" height="900" width="1200" msid="113637839" hostid="261" sizebytes="324998"></div>Qualcomm's potential bid for Intel would feature plenty of zeros, but one massive question is the real hold-up: How is this going to work?With both companies' sizable market caps — Qualcomm's is nearly $185 billion; Intel's is more than $96 billion — talks of a deal were bound to turn heads. But industry experts have gone from turning their heads to scratching them <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intel-challenges-qualcomm-pros-cons-takeover-2024-9">trying to make sense of the potential tie-up</a>.Bernstein's team of chip analysts didn't mince words, writing it "would prefer that Qualcomm not pursue this as it <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/qualcomm-considers-intel-buyout-analysts-see-major-hurdles-2024-9">seems very risky to us given uncertain returns</a>."So what's the issue? Let's break it all down.Why is everyone doubting this Qualcomm-Intel deal? The big hangup is that Intel designs and manufactures chips. No one is quite sure how the latter half of the business fits into Qualcomm, which only designs chips.Wait, isn't it a good thing Intel can do both? It used to be, but not anymore. Nowadays, chip companies <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intel-qualcomm-odd-couple-wont-solve-us-chipmaking-woes-2024-9">typically focus on one or the other</a>. Some companies design chips (Nvidia). Only a few manufacture them (TSMC mostly). If anything, doing both has actually hurt, not helped, Intel in recent years. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intel-struggles-qualcomm-deal-chip-industry-turmoil-2024-9">Along with some other bad strategic decisions</a>.I'm still confused. TSMC's pure manufacturing focus has helped it get very good at what is an incredibly complex process. It works with a bunch of different players, while Intel only really manufactures its own chip designs. Getting all that varied experience has proved particularly beneficial for TSMC in the age of cutting-edge mobile and AI chips. It's so good now that even Intel has TSMC make a few of its designs — the ultimate victory.So Intel is mid at manufacturing chips? Sighs Sure. It used to be the best, now it's probably third.If that's the case, why can't Qualcomm just ditch the factories as part of the deal? That is indeed the likely plan. The US needs Intel to keep (and get better at) manufacturing chips. Having the world's most dominant chip manufacturer, TSMC, be based in Taiwan isn't great. If China decides to invade the island, our chip supply is in major trouble.Why is Qualcomm even reportedly considering buying Intel? Intel is still very good at designing chips for PCs and servers, the computers that go in data centers. These businesses would complement Qualcomm's existing offerings well. Qualcomm would probably then sell Intel's manufacturing operations to another buyer. The problem with that is that this manufacturing business would have almost no customers, and would fall even further behind TSMC.Does Intel have any other options? Intel's manufacturing capabilities might be a hangup to this deal, but they're why so many people want to see the company survive and thrive. After news of the Qualcomm talks broke, a report followed about PE giant Apollo's interest in investing up to $5 billion in Intel.So how does this all end? Experts seem incredibly skeptical about a Qualcomm deal going through. But this entire episode highlights important questions about the US' chip-manufacturing abilities, or lack thereof. As for Intel, the company already <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intel-ceo-pat-gelsinger-turnaround-plan-aws-2024-9">committed to making big changes</a>, so with or without Qualcomm, expect some upheaval.<h3 id="77f31a4c-8462-4e3d-a71f-838cb79493fb">News brief</h3><h2 id="1fcd294b-3f53-425f-9f20-4093e8623b59">Top headlines</h2><ul><li>Get ready for a dockworker strike that could <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/dockworker-strike-what-will-be-impacted-prices-inflation-martime-longshoremen-2024-9">disrupt everything from medicine to holiday gifts</a>.</li><li>Coatue-backed Distyl AI founded by Palantir alums, raises $20 million funding round, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coatue-backed-distyl-ai-raises-new-funding-round-2024-9">sources say</a>.</li></ul><h2 id="8120060b-ae66-48dc-b149-f0489a30ffa2">3 things in markets</h2><div type="image" title="Jamie Dimon" height="1667" width="2500" msid="113637841" hostid="261" sizebytes="146560"></div><ol><li>Jamie Dimon vs. private equity. The JPMorgan CEO said he's not a fan of junior bankers <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jpmorgan-jamie-dimon-junior-bankers-private-equity-jobs-unethical-2024-9">who accept future-dated PE jobs</a>, sometimes before even starting their jobs at the bank. He called the process "unethical," and said he "may eliminate it regardless of what the private-equity guys say."</li><li>The biggest days for stocks between now and the election. Bank of America identified the three most important days for the stock market in the lead up to the presidential election. Some are tied to the release of economic data while another is when some of Big Tech <a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-most-important-daysstock-market-between-now-and-election-2024-9">is expected to report earnings</a>.</li><li>Wall Street is going nuclear, literally. More than a dozen banks, including Goldman Sachs and Bank of America, are backing an initiative to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nuclear-power-banks-support-boost-output-microsoft-larry-ellison-2024-9">triple the world's nuclear energy capacity by 2050</a>. The industry joins Big Tech, which views nuclear power as a solution to the energy demand created from advanced AI.</li></ol><h2 id="f4b54806-7f81-450c-ba32-92560d4fae9b">3 things in tech</h2><div type="image" title="Amazon salesperson being offered money for AI products" height="896" width="1792" msid="113637836" hostid="261" sizebytes="272784"></div><ol><li>Amazon salespeople have a new reason to hawk AI products. An internal memo shows Amazon Web Services recently implemented an incentive program for its flagship AI products, Q and Bedrock. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-bonuses-sell-ai-products-q-bedrock-2024-9">Some of the bonuses max out at $20,000</a>.</li><li>The best female early-stage investors, according to the AI "Moneyball for VC." A San Francisco firm developed a proprietary model to predict which startups are most likely to become unicorns. According to its methodology, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-best-female-early-stage-investors-2024-9">these 19 women</a> have an exceptional knack for picking winners.</li><li>We asked ChatGPT to do some introspection. Legendary investor Vinod Khosla published more than 10,300 words on the future of AI. We asked ChatGPT what it "thinks" about Khosla's points. While it agreed with some of his predictions, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vinod-khosla-ai-essay-predictions-chatgpt-response-2024-9">it called others "overly optimistic."</a></li></ol><h2 id="9260fa45-d397-4b3c-b4f8-4bb193976216">3 things in business</h2><div type="image" title="An employee in a spotlight that also acts as a megaphone" height="1000" width="2000" msid="113637835" hostid="261" sizebytes="21560"></div><ol><li>It's time to rethink how we do promotions. As it turns out, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/truth-promotions-companies-picking-managers-wrong-new-study-2024-9">companies have been picking managers in the worst possible way</a>. In fact, a new study found that in some cases, the practices businesses use to promote managers are so bad that they'd actually be better off picking names out of a hat.</li><li>Bad news for RTO rebels. Employees angry about return-to-office mandates have essentially <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/employee-return-to-office-mandates-no-legal-recourse-employer-2024-9">no legal path to fight them</a>, experts told BI.</li><li>Cue the "Succession" theme song. The battle for Rupert Murdoch's inheritance is on, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rupert-murdoch-succession-court-fox-news-corp-david-folkenflik-interview-2024-9">playing out in a Nevada courtroom</a>. On one side is Lachlan Murdoch, the sole chosen heir of the elder Murdoch. On the other are three of Lachlan's siblings who were originally slated to share power.</li></ol><h2 id="9f5d80ac-3466-429f-a50a-2ffbb70c65ff">What's happening today</h2><ul><li>Caroline Ellison is sentenced for her role in the FTX fraud scheme.</li><li>President Biden speaks at Bloomberg Global Business Forum.</li><li>FAA Administrator testifies in Congress in hearing on Boeing's quality-control plan, following a series of mishaps earlier this year.</li><li>OPEC launches annual World Oil Outlook.</li></ul>The Insider Today team: Dan DeFrancesco, deputy editor and anchor, in New York. Jordan Parker Erb, editor, in New York. Jack Sommers, deputy editor, in London. Milan Sehmbi, fellow, in London. Amanda Yen, fellow, in New York.

Confused about the potential Qualcomm-Intel deal? Here's why it matters even if it doesn't happen. 

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table center"><div><div class="image on-image">Barcroft Media/Getty Images</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>The average US wedding costs more than $30,000, and that figure is rising.</li><li>But that sum doesn't account for another huge expense for newlyweds: the honeymoon.</li><li>Experts say it's smart to set aside 10% to 15% of your wedding budget for your honeymoon.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>For many people, their wedding is one of the most important days of their lives - and they want everything to be perfect. That means sparing no expense. The average US wedding today costs a cool $34,000, according to Jeffra Trumpower, creative director of WeddingWire, a marketplace connecting couples with wedding professionals. And wedding costs continue to rise, according to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/06/19/married-debt-couples-are-taking-out-loans-pay-their-weddings/?utm_term=.bc9f63dd82ce">The Washington Post</a>, so much so that wedding loans have become common practice.But that hefty sum of $34,000 doesn't account for another formidable expense that newlyweds must face: the honeymoon. Amid all the excitement and anxiety of planning the big day, sometimes honeymoon budgeting falls by the wayside.So how much exactly should you be spending on your honeymoon? We spoke to three experts in the wedding industry to find out the answer. Here's what they had to say.<h2>Honeymoon expenses should be included in the total wedding budget</h2>Trumpower says that US couples today spend an average of $4,500 on their honeymoon, which is about 11.6% of their total budget.Other estimates were in the same ballpark. Wedding planner Tyler Speier told Business Insider he recommends that couples set aside anywhere from 10% to 15% of their wedding budget for their honeymoon. And Jennifer Spector, director of brand marketing for Zola, a wedding planning and registry website, told Business Insider that the average US couple spends $5,000 on their honeymoon, or about 15% of their wedding budget.Of course, how much a couple allots for their honeymoon depends on personal preference."Each couple has different priorities and visions of their wedding celebrations," Trumpower told Business Insider. "For couples who love to travel, spending almost half of their overall wedding budget on their honeymoon may be a no-brainer."<h2>However, honeymoon costs are often overlooked while couples plan weddings</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table center"><div><div class="image on-image">Ditty_about_summer/Shutterstock</div></div></div>All three of our sources said it's common for honeymoon costs to be an afterthought, eclipsed by the demands of the wedding itself. "It's so easy to get caught up in all the details and logistics of planning your wedding that honeymoon plans and expenses fall by the wayside," Speier said. Because of this, he implores clients from the very start to think about their honeymoon as a portion of their total wedding budget and determine what should be allocated toward it."When planning for your wedding, it's really important to budget for all of the costs associated with the big day so nothing takes you by surprise," he said.In general, couples underestimate the costs associated with their weddings, Trumpower said."After all, it's likely their first time planning an event, let alone a wedding. On top of that, a wedding is often one of the biggest expenses they've ever encountered. Plus, 33% of couples report spending more than what they initially set for their wedding budget."Thus, it's no surprise that many couples underestimate honeymoon costs as well, she said.<h2>It's challenging yet possible to budget for a honeymoon while wedding planning </h2>The prospect of setting aside money for a honeymoon on top of executing and funding an entire wedding may seem like a daunting prospect, but it can be done. First, according to Trumpower and Spector, it's becoming more and more common for couples to create cash funds for their weddings, asking wedding guests to gift money instead of actual presents. "The majority of Zola couples register for cash funds, in addition to traditional gifts and gift cards, which may help offset some of the honeymoon costs," Spector said. Another growing trend that all three experts said they've observed is couples delaying their honeymoons to give themselves time to recover financially from the wedding itself. Many who do so still plan some quality time together directly after the wedding - sometimes called a "minimoon" - but it's nothing extravagant. "If paying for a honeymoon immediately after a wedding is too much on your personal budget, I still encourage couples to set aside some special time together immediately following the wedding," Speier said. "Some of my couples have planned staycations in their hometown or wedding destination. Others have taken road trips along the coast, gone 'glamping,' or adventured to one of the National Parks. What's important is that you get time together to celebrate your recent nuptials." <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/couple-quit-wedding-to-travel-2015-12">This couple quit their jobs and used their wedding budget to sail the world</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

Here's how much of your wedding budget you should set aside for your honeymoon

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Sometimes you're a planet who's been with a moon for few eons, and it all becomes a bit too... familiar.Things started out with a <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/moon-formed-in-head-on-collision-2016-1">hot and heavy crash</a>, and the two of you get all tangled up with one another. But over time your surfaces cool, your orbits drift apart, and your differences became apparent. And though the living things who mostly hang out at your place do visit your moon once in a while, everyone knows <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/how-elon-musk-will-colonize-mars-2016-4">they really want to go somewhere else entirely</a>.In a situation like that, you might be tempted to take up with a second moon. A small moon, farther away. One that orbits irregularly and most planets wouldn't even notice.That's exactly what Earth did, it turns out.NASA says <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6537">asteroid 2016 HO3</a>, which we first heard about via writer George Dvorsky <a href="http://gizmodo.com/earths-new-quasi-moon-will-stick-around-for-centuries-1782082812?">at Gizmodo</a>, is currently locked into "a little dance" with Earth:<div><div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:calc(100% / 1.78)"></div></div>The rock's orbit is irregular, causing it to drift between 38 and 100 times the distance of our planet's primary moon, and bob up and down across Earth's orbital plane.NASA says it's larger than 120 feet across but no more than 300 feet wide, has likely orbited our world for about a century, and will stick around for many more centuries to come.Researchers first noticed 2016 HO3 on April 27 with the Pan-STARRS 1 asteroid survey telescope on Haleakala, Hawaii. That telescope is funded by the thoroughly badass-sounding "Planetary Defense Coordination Office," which tracks near-Earth objects.Watch a cool video by NASA that illustrates how the mini-moon orbits Earth, below.<div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/europa-may-be-the-place-for-alien-life-2016-5">A mysterious ocean on a frozen moon may have the perfect conditions for alien life</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="lsMXhrMzE6WCazSzZ8NwGH8vabHpXVas" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

SURPRISE: Earth has two moons

<div class="KonaFilter image-container" style="width:0px"><div class="image on-image">Wikimedia Commons</div></div>Today, I learned from my co-worker Rob Wile about the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/worst-super-bowl-halftime-shows-2014-1" target="_blank">crazy and cultish history of the Super Bowl Half Time show</a>. 
One of those halftime shows, from the 1985 Super Bowl, also happened to be space-themed. 
That makes sense, since the '80s were the height of our manned space program. According to NASA:
During the 1980s, Kennedy Space Center made a critical shift in focus. Instead of moving relatively quickly from one human spaceflight program to another, as in the fast-paced 1960s and 1970s, the spaceport's workforce and facilities now were geared toward preparing and launching a revolutionary new spacecraft that would further advance our capabilities in orbit: the space shuttle. 
Nine shuttle missions flew in 1985 alone.
But those amazing achievements don't make this half time show any less hilarious. Here are some amazing GIFs of the act.
A mini-moon landing:<div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image">YouTube</div></div>An amazing jetpack:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image">YouTube</div></div>Check out the full video below:

<h3><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/worst-super-bowl-halftime-shows-2014-1" target="_blank">See more insane Super Bowl halftime acts &gt;</a></h3>

Two Hilarious GIFs From The 1985 Space-Themed Super Bowl

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Styx_in_Omaha.JPG">Wikipedia user Nirvanafanatic619</a>The band Styx playing in Omaha. </div>The Hubble <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">space</keyword> telescope spotted two new moons orbiting the dwarf <keyword id="46100" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="planet">planet</keyword> <keyword id="506107" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Pluto">Pluto</keyword> during its observations in 2011 and 2012.
Since then, astronomers have been calling them P4 and P5, but now, they've asked the public to <a href="http://www.plutorocks.com/">weigh in on the name choice for these two mini-moons</a>.
That's great, but what really excited me was that among the <a href="http://www.plutorocks.com/dramatis-personae">names inspired by Greek and Roman Mythology</a> was the name Styx. While Styx is the name of a river that separates Earth from the underworld in Greek Mythology, most people probably think of the epic 70s and 80s rock band first. I know I did. And I know what name I'm voting for. 
Click here to vote (you can do so once a day until noon on Feb. 25). You can also <a href="http://www.plutorocks.com/write-in">fill in the write-in ballot,</a> to nominate your own favorite name, which I'm sure will probably be carefully monitored for joke names. <a href="http://www.plutorocks.com/current-tally">Styx is currently winning the vote</a> with more than 1,800 votes, with Cerberus in second place. Let's keep it that way!

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