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<ul><li>UK based-scientists have created a concrete-like material made of extraterrestrial dust.</li><li>The material may now make it easy build <keyword id="12093698" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="houses-on-mars" source="Orion">houses on Mars</keyword>.</li><li>The human serum albumin could act as a binder for simulated moon or <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword> dust to produce a concrete-like material.</li></ul> Planning to build a house on Mars may now be easy as scientists have created a concrete-like material made of extraterrestrial dust along with the blood, sweat and tears of astronauts. Transporting even a single brick to Mars can prove to be very expensive — estimated at about US$2 million —, which means that future Martian colonists cannot bring their building materials with them, but will have to utilise resources they can obtain on-site for construction and shelter. But, scientists at the University of Manchester demonstrated that a common protein from blood plasma — human serum albumin — could act as a binder for simulated moon or Mars dust to produce a concrete-like material. The resulting novel material, termed AstroCrete, had compressive strengths as high as 25 MPa (Megapascals), about the same as the 20-32 MPa seen in ordinary concrete, according to the article published in the journal Materials Today Bio. However, the scientists found that incorporating urea — which is a biological waste product that the body produces and excretes through urine, sweat and tears — could further increase the compressive strength by over 300 per cent, with the best performing material having a compressive strength of almost 40 MPa, substantially stronger than ordinary concrete. The new technique holds considerable advantages over many other proposed construction techniques on the moon and Mars, said Dr Aled Roberts, from the varsity, who worked on the project. "Scientists have been trying to develop viable technologies to produce concrete-like materials on the surface of Mars, but we never stopped to think that the answer might be inside us all along," he said. The team calculated that over 500 kg of high-strength AstroCrete could be produced over the course of a two-year mission on the surface of Mars by a crew of six astronauts. If used as a mortar for sandbags or heat-fused regolith bricks, each crew member could produce enough AstroCrete to expand the habitat to support an additional crew member, doubling the housing available with each successive mission. Animal blood was historically used as a binder for mortar. "It is exciting that a major challenge of the space age may have found its solution based on inspirations from medieval technology," said Roberts. The team investigated the underlying bonding mechanism and found that the blood proteins denature, or "curdle," to form an extended structure with interactions known as "beta sheets" that tightly holds the material together. SEE ALSO: <h2 style="margin-bottom: 8px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: LabGrotesque-Black, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="list-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/the-perseverance-rover-has-collected-a-sample-of-a-mars-rock-the-first-of-dozens-nasa-aims-to-bring-back-to-earth/articleshow/85883953.cms">NASA's Perseverance rover has finally drilled a sample of Mars rock, kicking off its search for alien microbes</a></h2><h2 style="margin-bottom: 8px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: LabGrotesque-Black, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="list-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-says-tesla-bots-will-hopefully-be-sent-to-work-on-mars-in-inhospitable-environments/articleshow/85512285.cms">Elon Musk says 'Tesla Bots' will hopefully be sent to work on Mars in inhospitable environments</a></h2>

Scientists develop cosmic concrete made of extraterrestrial dust and human waste to construct a house on Mars

An international team of researchers has found new evidence for the possible existence of liquid water beneath the south polar ice cap of <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword>. The results, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, provide the first independent line of evidence, using data other than radar, that there is liquid water beneath Mars' south pole. The researchers, led by the University of Cambridge with involvement from the University of Sheffield, used spacecraft laser-altimeter measurements of the shape of the upper surface of the ice cap to identify subtle patterns in its height. They then showed that these patterns match computer model predictions for how a body of water beneath the ice cap would affect the surface. Their results are in agreement with earlier ice-penetrating radar measurements that were originally interpreted to show a potential area of liquid water beneath the ice. There has been debate over the liquid water interpretation from the radar data alone, with some studies suggesting the radar signal is not due to liquid water. "This study gives the best indication yet that there is liquid water on Mars today because it means that two of the key pieces of evidence we would look for when searching for sub-glacial lakes on Earth have now been found on Mars," said Frances Butcher, second author of the study from the University of Sheffield. "Liquid water is an essential ingredient for life, although it does not necessarily mean that life exists on Mars," Butcher said. In order to be liquid at such cold temperatures, the resaerchers noted that the water beneath the south pole might need to be really salty, which would make it difficult for any microbial life to inhabit it. However, it does give hope that there were more habitable environments in the past when the climate was less unforgiving, they said. Like Earth, Mars has thick water ice caps at both poles, roughly equivalent in combined volume to the Greenland Ice Sheet. However, unlike Earth's ice sheets which are underlain by water-filled channels and even large subglacial lakes, the polar ice caps on Mars have until recently been thought to be frozen solid all the way to their beds due to the cold Martian climate. In 2018, evidence from the European Space Agency's Mars Express satellite challenged this assumption. The satellite has an ice-penetrating radar called MARSIS, which can see through Mars' southern ice cap. It revealed an area at the base of the ice that strongly reflected the radar signal, which was interpreted as an area of liquid water beneath the ice cap. However, subsequent studies suggested that other types of dry materials, which exist elsewhere on Mars, could produce similar patterns of reflectance if they exist beneath the ice cap. Given the cold climate conditions, liquid water beneath the ice cap would require an additional heat source, such as geothermal heat from within the planet, at levels above those expected for present-day Mars. "The combination of the new topographic evidence, our computer model results, and the radar data make it much more likely that at least one area of subglacial liquid water exists on Mars today, and that Mars must still be geothermally active in order to keep the water beneath the ice cap liquid," said Professor Neil Arnold from Cambridge's Scott Polar Research Institute, who led the research. On Earth, subglacial lakes affect the shape of the overlying ice sheet - its surface topography. The water in subglacial lakes lowers friction between the ice sheet and its bed, affecting the velocity of ice flow under gravity. This in turn affects the shape of the ice sheet surface above the lake, often creating a depression in the ice surface followed by a raised area further down-flow. The team, including researchers from the University of Nantes, University College, Dublin, and the Open University, used a range of techniques to examine data from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor satellite of the surface topography of the part of Mars’ south polar ice cap where the radar signal was identified. Their analysis revealed a 10-15 kilometre-long surface undulation comprising a depression and a corresponding raised area, both of which deviate from the surrounding ice surface by several metres. This is similar in scale to undulations over subglacial lakes here on Earth. The team then tested whether the observed undulation on the surface of the ice could be explained by liquid water at the bed. They ran computer model simulations of ice flow, adapted to specific conditions on Mars. They then inserted a patch of reduced bed friction in the simulated ice sheet bed where water, if present, would allow the ice to slide and speed up. The researchers also varied the amount of geothermal heat coming from inside the planet. These experiments generated undulations on the simulated ice surface that were similar in size and shape to those the team observed on the real ice cap surface. The similarity between the model-produced topographic undulation and the actual spacecraft observations, together with the earlier ice-penetrating radar evidence suggest that there is an accumulation of liquid water beneath Mars’ south polar ice cap, the researchers said. This magmatic activity occurred relatively recently in the subsurface of Mars to enable the enhanced geothermal heating needed to keep the water in a liquid state, they added. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/credit-suisse-is-in-trouble-but-this-is-not-2008-investors-remain-wary-of-the-all-is-well-soundbites/articleshow/94641570.cms">Credit Suisse is in trouble, but this is not 2008 – investors remain wary of the ‘all is well’ soundbites</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-and-airtel-5g-prices-may-be-affordable-for-now-but-expected-to-increase-after-wider-rollout/articleshow/94636173.cms">Reliance Jio and Airtel 5G prices may be affordable for now but expected to increase after wider rollout</a>

Scientists find new evidence for liquid water on Mars

<ul><li>About 36 minutes after the Mars probe was launched, the spacecraft, including an orbiter and a rover, was sent into the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, according to the <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> National Space Administration (CNSA). </li><li>The <keyword id="36918" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="chinese">Chinese</keyword> Mars probe named Tianwen 1, or Quest for Heavenly Truth 1, will fulfil three scientific objectives: orbiting the red planet for comprehensive observation, landing on Martian soil and sending a rover to roam the landing site. </li><li>It will conduct scientific investigations into the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water, media reports said. </li></ul>China successfully launched its <keyword id="9627057" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="first-mars-probe">first Mars probe</keyword> on Thursday from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in the southern island province of Hainan, official media here reported. About 36 minutes after the Mars probe was launched, the spacecraft, including an orbiter and a rover, was sent into the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The Chinese Mars probe named Tianwen 1, or Quest for Heavenly Truth 1, will fulfil three scientific objectives: orbiting the red planet for comprehensive observation, landing on Martian soil and sending a rover to roam the landing site. It will conduct scientific investigations into the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water, media reports said. The Long March 5 rocket, the nation's biggest and most powerful, will transport the robotic probe to the Earth-Mars transfer trajectory before the spacecraft begins its self-propelled flight toward Mars' gravity field. According to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, a State-owned space conglomerate, the probe will travel for about seven months before it reaches Mars, which at the farthest point of its orbit is about 400 million kilometres from Earth and 55 million kilometres at the nearest point. It said the probe consists of three parts － the orbiter, the lander and the rover －and they will separate in Mars orbit. The orbiter will remain in the orbit for scientific operations and to relay signals while the lander-rover combination makes an autonomous descent and landing. The rover has six wheels and four solar panels and carries six scientific instruments. It weighs over 200 kilogrammes and will work for about three months on the planet, designers said. China aims to catch up with India, the US, Russia and the EU to reach the red planet. China in recent years has emerged as a major space power with manned space missions and landing a rover in the dark side of the moon. It is currently building a space station of its own. China's previous attempt to send an exploratory probe to Mars called Yinghuo-1, in a Russian spacecraft in 2011 failed as shortly after the launch it was declared lost and later burnt during re-entry. The US, Russia, India and the EU have succeeded in sending missions to Mars regarded as the most complex space mission. India became the first Asian country to have successfully launched its Mars orbiter mission Mangalyaan which entered the orbit of the red planet in 2014. India also became the first country to have entered the Martian orbit in its first attempt. China's Mars probe is the second such mission launched this month. A United Arab Emirates spacecraft to go to Mars was launched from Japan on July 20, in what is the Arab world's first interplanetary mission. The launch of the spacecraft named Amal, or the 'Hope Probe', marks the start of the seven-month journey to the red planet. NASA Perseverance rover is due to lift off on July 30. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/coovid-vaccine-from-oxford-serum-institute-and-astrazeneca-shows-promising-immune-response/articleshow/77069321.cms">The COVID-19 vaccine from Oxford and AstraZeneca shows 'promising' results in early human trials</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/from-intel-and-wipro-to-tcs-and-google-here-are-the-top-job-openings-in-the-multinational-companies/articleshow/77058769.cms">From Intel and Wipro to TCS and Google— Here are the top job openings in the multinational companies</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/checkout-upcoming-affordable-smartphone-oneplus-nord-launch-price-specifications-features/articleshow/77061620.cms">OnePlus Nord launch price, specs and more – Everything we know about the upcoming affordable OnePlus smartphone</a>

China launches first Mars mission

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> just launched its <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-perseverance-mars-rover-helicopter-search-for-alien-life-2020-7">Mars rover Perseverance</a>, along with its<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-first-interplanetary-helicopter-in-perseverance-mars-rover-belly-2020-7">first interplanetary helicopter</a>, perched atop an Atlas V5 rocket.</li><li>But NASA wasn't alone….In the past two weeks, <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">space</keyword> agencies from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-mars-rover-launch-tianwen-1-long-march-5-rocket-2020-7">China</a> and the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/3-misions-launching-to-mars-in-july-from-3-countries-2020-7">United Arab Emirates</a> also launched missions to <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>.</li><li>These spacecraft will travel over 400 million kilometers before all reaching their destination around February 2021.</li><li>But in the past 13 years, only seven rockets sent missions to the red planet. So, why are so many attempts to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/when-will-we-colonize-mars-nasa-timeline-2030s-2018-2">reach Mars</a> all happening right now?</li></ul>

Why United States NASA, China, and UAE are all going to Mars at the same time

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="13726" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="rice">Rice</keyword> brand <keyword id="9418478" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="uncle-bens">Uncle Ben's</keyword> is being renamed Ben's Original and replacing its image, parent company <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> announced on Wednesday.</li><li>The brand's name has roots in white Southerners calling older Black people <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/30/business/media/30adco.html?ex=1176782400&amp;en=fac51117ccc2daa5&amp;ei=5070;ei=5070">"aunt" and "uncle"</a> instead of "Mr." or "Mrs."</li><li>This follows similar <keyword id="388333" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="rebranding">rebranding</keyword> by Aunt Jemima and Land O Lakes because of racial stereotyping.</li></ul>Rice brand Uncle Ben's is being renamed Ben's Original following criticism over racial stereotyping, parent company Mars announced on Wednesday.The company will also remove the brand's iconic image of an elderly Black man because of the "inequities" it's associated with, it said.The 77-year-old Uncle Ben's brand was named after a Texan rice farmer who was so well known for the quality of his produce that it became an industry standard. The company said that, "as the story goes, the proudest boast a rice grower could make was to claim his rice to be 'as good as Uncle Ben's.'" The brand's founders chose the name to show the quality of their products.But the brand's name has roots in white Southerners calling older Black people <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/30/business/media/30adco.html?ex=1176782400&amp;en=fac51117ccc2daa5&amp;ei=5070;ei=5070">"aunt" and "uncle"</a> instead of "Mr." or "Mrs." Mars announced it would "evolve" the brand's identity <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uncle-bens-mrs-butterworths-plan-changes-to-logos-branding-2020-6?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">in June</a>, just hours after PepsiCo said it would change the name and logo of its Aunt Jemima pancake brand <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aunt-jemima-is-changing-its-name-mascot-over-racial-stereotype-2020-6?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">because of racial stereotyping</a>.Other brands to have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/brands-that-announced-plans-to-change-review-racist-mascots-logos-2020-6#darlie-6">changed</a> their logos or branding in 2020 include <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/land-o-lakes-butter-other-products-remove-native-american-woman-2020-4">Land O Lakes</a> and Colgate's Chinese toothpaste brand <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/brands-that-announced-plans-to-change-review-racist-mascots-logos-2020-6">Darlie</a>. B&amp;G Foods <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-24/b-g-foods-will-remove-black-chef-from-cream-of-wheat-packaging?sref=ixwpc5OO">announced Thursday</a> that it is removing the image of a Black chef from its Cream of Wheat packaging.Mars said it listened to "thousands of consumers" as part of the rebranding process. Though the change will be "complex," there is "no better time than right now," Fiona Dawson, Mars' global president of <keyword id="6181" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Food">food</keyword>, multisales and global customers said in a statement"We understand the inequities that were associated with the name and face of the previous brand, and as we announced in June, we have committed to change," Dawson said.<h3>Industry-wide move towards better inclusion</h3>This is part of an industry-wide move towards better inclusion and diversity, said Carmen Bryan, consumer analyst at GlobalData. "By retiring old racial archetypes, major players will be able to tap into an increasingly globalized market and reinforce a positive brand message," Bryan said in a statement.Consumers are increasingly basing their behavior on a company's social responsibility and wider social movements. More than a third (38%) of respondents to a GlobalData survey said their purchasing decisions are always or often driven by how the world around them is changing, such as economic or social developments.The rice brand will also engage in community outreach programs, including a scholarship fund to support aspiring Black chefs, and educational support in Greenville, Mississippi, where Ben's Original is produced.Ben's Original's new packaging will be available from 2021.

Uncle Ben's faced criticism for racial stereotyping. Now the rice brand, owned by Mars, has revealed its new name.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA's <keyword id="12055530" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword> Reconnaissance Orbiter caught a view of Perseverance rolling across the Jezero Crater.</li><li>The rover was traveling along some of the oldest accessible pieces of rock in the crater.</li></ul>In a recent satellite photograph, NASA's <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/">Perseverance</a> rover can be spotted rolling along Mars' Jezero Crater in search of the next ancient boulder.The rover, which made landfall after its precise <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mars-landing-nasa-perseverance-rover-touches-down-in-jezero-crater-2021-2">plunge</a> in February, trekked through the dirt to conduct its next series of drillings in its mission to explore the red planet for signs of ancient microbial life.Perseverance - nicknamed "Percy" - is exploring a region known as South Séítah, which comes from a Navajo phrase meaning "amidst the sand." The Séítah area contains some of the deepest and perhaps oldest accessible geologic units in the Jezero Crater, according to <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/perseverances-first-road-trip">NASA</a>.But Percy is familiar with the terrain. In September - after a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-perseverance-rover-first-mars-sample-mysteriously-missing-2021-8">failed first attempt</a> - the rover completed its first successful drilling operation near South Séítah at a large boulder nicknamed Rochette. NASA hopes to one day return the core rock samples to Earth. While Percy and its trailing helicopter, Ingenuity, appear to be alone on Mars, the rover has company from above. With the help of its <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/instruments/hirise/">High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment</a> camera, the <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> - which recently celebrated its 15th year in orbit - surveys the planet in search of signs of water. On the side, the orbiter will snap photos of its rover coworkers in motion. Earlier this year, the spacecraft captured the<a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/"> Curiosity</a> rover<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-curiosity-rover-mars-spotted-climbing-mont-mercou-2021-5"> trekking up</a> Mont Mercou, which is part of a hilly region at the base of Mount Sharp - an area observed only from a distance since the rover landed nearby in 2012. While NASA's spacecraft are business as usual around the red planet, the rovers and NASA's remaining fleet are harder to reach. As Earth and Mars move to the opposite sides of the sun - an alignment that occurs every two years - communication can become more difficult, <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/news/9051/nasas-mars-fleet-lies-low-with-sun-between-earth-and-red-planet/">according to NASA</a>. Between October 2 and 14, NASA's <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> mission controllers plan to turn off some instruments, while others will continue sending data to Earth - even though the incoming information could be lost. In the meantime, after sending two weeks' worth of instructions, some engineers have no choice but to wait until the conjunction ends. "Like parents who raise youngsters to be responsible and let them go on a short vacation with their friends, they've done all they can to ensure the voyagers will be healthy and safe," NASA <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/night-sky/solar-conjunction/">wrote</a>.

You Searched For "Mars" and got 6 results

Scientists develop cosmic concrete made of extraterrestrial dust and human waste to construct a house on Mars

IANS

Scientists find new evidence for liquid water on Mars

PTI

China launches first Mars mission

PTI

Why United States NASA, China, and UAE are all going to Mars at the same time

Bob Hunt,Dave Mosher

Uncle Ben's faced criticism for racial stereotyping. Now the rice brand, owned by Mars, has revealed its new name.

Grace Dean

A NASA spacecraft orbiting Mars snapped a photo of the Perseverance rover in the crater below

Lily Katzman

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