<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/54118c9fecad040f3625dd37-1200-924/mars-bar-2.jpg" alt="Mars Bar" border="0">REUTERS/Suzanne PlunkettThis is a deep fried Mars Bar.</img></div></div></div>
A list of awesome things Scotland gave to the world created by Mint Partner strategist Bill Blain is being passed around this morning.
Here's the list. Thanks Scotland!
Penicillin The Steam Engine and everything that followed it… TV The first powered boat The bicycle Electromagnetics The propeller The Sticky Plaster Sherlock Holmes The Carronade Geology Tubular Steel Railways The Threshing Machine The Tea Cake The Transatlantic Cable Insulin The Higgs Boson National Parks The Slab Laying Machine (my dad!) Modern McAdamised Roads The Kevin unit of temperature The Kaleidescope Tunnocks Caramel Wafers The Steam Hammer Cordite The Decimal Point Haemoglobin Logarithims Peter Pan The Fridge Canal Locks The Forth Rail Bridge First Man on the Moon Para Handy The Inner Tube The Lawnmower Tam o'Shanter Electric Clocks Statistics - including the pie chart, the line graph and the bar chart Beta blockers The Deep Fried Mars Bar The Bay City Rollers The Heavy Lift Crane Radar The Hammer Throw The toaster Proper Whisky?Surgery Anaesthetics Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Curling Hypnotics Japanese Lager - Kirin Antibiotics The Telephone The New York Herald The hypodermic syringe Marmalade Cardiology Jam, Jute and Journalism The Wealth of Nations and the "Science of Economics" Fingerprints The Dandy, The Beano, The Victor, The Hotspur Oor Wullie The Broons The Oatcake and Porridge Ultrasound Scanners Cure for Malaria The Encyclopedia (and the Encyclopedia Brittanica) The Bank of England The Bank of France - not kidding! Sociology (ok, forgive us again) Modern Justice Earthquake measuring - the seismometer The Shot Putt The fax machine Forbes Magazine Saturn John Bull (Not kidding!) Modern Surgery The Flushing Toilet Golf (forgive us) The Postcard The Tractor Beam - yes, it exists Long John Silver The Tire Cloned sheep - Dolly Proxima Centauri The Raincoat The eBook The American Navy The SAS

92 Wonderful Gifts That Scotland Gave To The World

Hello! Welcome to the next edition of <keyword id="9095853" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="insider-today">Insider Today</keyword>. Please sign up<a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/insider-today"> here</a>.As a reminder, this is an email publication that David Plotz and I are writing with the help of many of our excellent journalists. Our goal is to provide you with insight and analysis about the big stories of the day.Thanks as always for reading. Please feel free to reply to this email and tell us what you like or don't like, and we'll evolve and improve as we go. —Henry Blodget (henry@insider.com) and David Plotz (david@insider.com)SUMMARY: One thing that makes the lockdowns difficult is that most Americans don't feel like we're doing anything to help. A horrifying statistic that shows how many restaurant workers have been whacked by this crisis—and how little the government has done to help. A former prosecutor, a Democrat, is skeptical of the sexual assault claim against Biden. Should cities just ban cars on some streets forever? And, your mail! <h3>Do you feel useless? You're not alone. </h3>One of the hardest things about the pandemic is that it's difficult for most of us to be useful.Some people are finding spectacular ways to help — doctors and farmers and nursing home attendants, and also <a href="https://www.gofundme.com/f/the-be-safe-project">garage entrepreneurs 3-D printing masks</a>. But for most us, the primary obligation during this period has been stasis. We've been told that the best way to help is to do nothing.There's a wonderful <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/listen-kids/610849/">new Caitlin Flanagan</a> essay in the Atlantic about how her father lost his college years when World War II broke out. He joined the Navy. The world turned upside down, and there was something he — and virtually all of his peers — were able to do to help. After 9/11, President Bush exhorted Americans to shop and "get down to Disney World." Bush was widely mocked for this — I probably mocked him myself. But he was on to something. The best way for Americans to reduce the fear that terrorists seek to spread — the best way to be useful — was to quickly return to normal life — to shop and go to Disney World. This is an important lesson to remember as the Reopen debate becomes more heated. I suspect what many people are thinking about when they talk about reopening is not the raging 100-keg party they want to have. They want to find a way to contribute that isn't just huddling at home. Huddling at home feels cowardly, hidden, and impotent. Humans are allergic to inaction, and long to be useful. That's why <a href="https://1daysooner.org/">so many thousands of people have signed up</a> to be directly infected by the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> as part of a vaccine trial, why so many volunteer opportunities are oversubscribed. We'd be in better shape as a nation — and the reopen debate would be less poisonous — if our leaders could find more ways to make more of us feel useful, or even be useful. Sitting on the couch doesn't feel like enough. —DP <h3>Two shocking numbers about the restaurant catastrophe</h3>The food-service industry accounted for 60% of March job losses, but according to Insider's Sara Silverstein's<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/andrew-zimmern-on-restaurant-extinction-problems-in-the-supply-chain-2020-4"> interview with chef and food TV host Andrew Zimmern</a> the industry received only 9% of the funds from the Paycheck Protection Program, the small business lending program set up by Congress. — DP<h3>A former prosecutor says he's skeptical about the sexual assault allegation against former Vice President Biden, but his own political preferences are clear</h3><div type="image" title="Joe Biden" height="1000" width="2000" msid="75478772" hostid="261"></div>Amid growing calls for Biden himself to address the sexual assault allegation recently made against him — his campaign has said it didn't happen, but he himself hasn't answered in-depth questions — a former federal prosecutor <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/04/29/joe-biden-sexual-assault-allegation-tara-reade-column/3046962001/">explains in USA Today why he's skeptical about the claim</a>.The former prosecutor, Michael Stern, says his default view is to believe women who come forward with assault allegations. But he says that very occasionally — twice in a 30-year career — he dismissed cases because he became convinced that the stories he was being told weren't true.Stern doesn't mention his personal political preferences in the op-ed, but his Twitter bio make them clear: "#Resisting all things Trump," the bio reads. "#BlueNoMatterWho." During the sexual-assault hearing for Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, Stern <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/10/17/sexual-assault-allegations-wait-facts-former-prosecutor-column/1659190002/">wrote op-eds</a> that take <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-victim-sexual-assault-reluctance-to-report-brett-kavanaugh-0926-story.html">the other side of at least one of the points</a> he makes while assessing the credibility of Biden's accuser, former staffer Tara Reade. In his USA Today op-ed, Stern cites 9 reasons for skepticism of Reade, among them her 27-year reporting delay and the lack of a record of a formal complaint that Reade says she filed. On the first point, Stern explained in a <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-victim-sexual-assault-reluctance-to-report-brett-kavanaugh-0926-story.html">column during the Kavanaugh hearings </a>the many reasons why some women do wait years and decades to come forward, or never to speak out at all.Tara Reade's allegation against Biden is critically important. It could impact the election, and, with it, the future of the world. So as Biden himself has suggested, the facts and interpretations should be scrutinized.Some readers of Stern's column will note his political preferences and discount everything he says. Others will judge the points he makes independently of his motivations for making them.No one will ever know for certain what happened in that hallway back in 1993, or even if anything happened at all. Instead, as additional information and interpretations emerge, we will develop our own views of the allegation,the participants, and those who comment on the allegations just as we have with the many sexual assault and harassment allegations made against President Trump. — HB<h3>A new twist in the story about the couple who drank fish-tank cleaner after President Trump touted a similar-sounding coronavirus wonder drug</h3>As you may remember, shortly after the President began extolling the benefits of an old malaria drug called hydroxychloroquine for use against the coronavirus, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-woman-husband-died-chloroquine-warns-not-to-trust-trump-2020-3">a woman in Arizona reported</a> that her husband had died after she suggested that they take some of a similar-sounding chemical, which was in fact fish-tank cleaner. The distraught woman, who had also ended up in the hospital, blamed the President and said she didn't know why anyone would ever listen to him.This story was cited by some as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-trump-confusing-country-misinformation-could-have-deadly-consequences-2020-3">an inevitable consequence</a> of Trump's reckless promotion of unproven quack remedies in press conferences. It was cited by others as evidence of nothing more than human stupidity.But it turns out the moral of the story may be something else altogether.The Washington Free Beacon reports that the homicide division of the Mesa City, Arizona police department are<a href="https://freebeacon.com/coronavirus/police-investigating-death-of-arizona-man-from-chloroquine-phosphate/"> now conducting an investigation</a> into the husband's death and requested a recording to the wife's interview with the outlet. Rather than having been nudged into tragedy by the President's ramblings, it seems, there may have been something else going on. — HB<h3>Should cities take advantage of the pandemic to close streets to cars? </h3><div type="image" title="bike times square nyc coronavirus" height="700" width="1400" msid="75478777" hostid="261"></div>Cities have <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeLydon/status/1255487675215347726">closed or are planning to close more than 1,000 miles of streets</a> to cars because of COVID-19. 1,000 miles!The street closures, which include everything from hundreds of miles of pop-up bike lanes in Paris to 11 miles of car-free parkways in Louisville, certainly make sense as a temporary measure. The pandemic has slashed urban commuting, and social distancing means all of us need more space when we go outside. This is policy by tragedy, so bike and pedestrian activists are careful not to be gleeful, but they're also using the #Covid19streets hashtag to make the case for making changes permanent. Obviously some roads must reopen when commuters and shoppers return. But it's also likely that cities may rebound faster with better infrastructure for walkers and cyclists. As anyone who's lived through a neighborhood bike lane debate knows, city dwellers grumble before streets go car free or parking spaces disappear, but they almost always end up cherishing the space to bike and walk. — DP<h2>And now... your thoughts!</h2><h4>On "Why didn't Pence wear a mask?"</h4>First, the results of our poll! About a third of you think the reason Pence didn't wear a mask at the Mayo Clinic is that "he wants Trump to keep him on the ticket." Another third of you believe he had multiple reasons for doing so:<div type="image" title="Screen Shot 2020 04 30 at 11.12.53 AM" height="1150" width="1442" msid="75478778" hostid="261"></div> And now, some of your letters:Pence didn't wear a mask because he's brave, and bravery is inspiringAs a registered independent voting older American I'd like to present you with a different angle, one that many more centrist older Americans may find more acceptable. Pence didn't wear a mask to show that we can't live in fear forever and that wearing a mask for the rest of our lives is not a cure-all either. You're too young to remember the Communist witch hunt and how that snowballed into a serious issue in the US and the subsequent hiding in bunkers and under our school desks because you never knew when a nuclear bomb was coming. But somebody at some point finally said enough is enough and figured out that yes, there is a threat but no, we can not allow this to all consume our lives. Bravo to Pence for showing courage as is his right to do. It's not a law to wear a mask (not yet, anyway), and somebody has to step up and show that you can resume your life without fear. Lastly, if Pence is the only person in the room not wearing the protective security of a face mask wouldn't he be less likely to contract the virus or give it to someone else? — from reader B.C. Pence is Trump's lapdogPence is Trump's lapdog, reading from a script whenever he's on TV, kowtowing to his boss. He and Trump are an embarrassment to our country. Pence's stunt at the Mayo clinic is reprehensible, at best.The Mayo Clinic should have refused to let him in the hospital. While the Mayo Clinic is renowned worldwide as a leader in the medical field, Pence is a politician. Pence would have looked like an idiot, and the Mayo Clinic would have further enhanced it's reputation as a top-notch quality medical institution that stands by its principles. — from reader G.C.<h3>On "Blaming the victims of COVID-19":</h3>The point is that people are dying because they're listening to TrumpI have not read the New York Times article you refer to, but I have read the Washington Post article. Although you state that the Post paints a subtle, sympathetic portrait…," you go on to say that "I don't get the point of these stories, which reduce rich, complicated lives to an ironic punchline."I think that is an unfair characterization of the Post article. The article did not mock his beliefs, but I think pointed out how people like him have been and may continue to be harmed by their faith in a president who spews out medical nonsense and is failing to lead. Trump's failure of leadership is harming all Americans, both in terms of medical advice and economically, especially those who support him. Just look at the jump in poison control calls following the president's bleach comment. That is what comes through to me from the Post article, not a punchline. — from reader B.M.Thank you for reading! Please let us know what you think. It's great to hear from you, and we may publish your note! <a href="mailto:henry@insider.com">henry@insider.com</a> and <a href="mailto:david@insider.com">david@insider.com</a> Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-is-making-people-feel-useless-need-purpose-2020-4">Business Insider</a>

Do you feel useless? You're not alone...

<img class="float_right" src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544a9cfeeab8ea376c608ad2-1200-924/phone-ebola-patient.jpg?maxX=600" border="0" alt="phone ebola patient" width="600">Mobile-phone records are an invaluable tool to combat Ebola. They should be made available to researchers.</img>
With at least 4,500 people dead, public-health authorities in west Africa and worldwide are struggling to contain Ebola. Borders have been closed, air passengers screened, schools suspended. But a promising tool for epidemiologists lies unused: mobile-phone data.
When people make mobile-phone calls, the network generates a call data record (CDR) containing such information as the phone numbers of the caller and receiver, the time of the call and the tower that handled it--which gives a rough indication of the device's location. This information provides researchers with an insight into mobility patterns. Indeed phone companies use these data to decide where to build base stations and thus improve their networks, and city planners use them to identify places to extend public transport.
But perhaps the most exciting use of CDRs is in the field of epidemiology. Until recently the standard way to model the spread of a disease relied on extrapolating trends from census data and surveys. CDRs, by contrast, are empirical, immediate and updated in real time. You do not have to guess where people will flee to or move.
Researchers have used them to map malaria outbreaks in Kenya and Namibia and to monitor the public response to government health warnings during Mexico's swine-flu epidemic in 2009. Models of population movements during a cholera outbreak in Haiti following the earthquake in 2010 used CDRs and provided the best estimates of where aid was most needed.
<img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544a9de66bb3f7de33608acd-1200-600/ebola-phone.jpg" border="0" alt="ebola phone" />
Doing the same with Ebola would be hard: in west Africa most people do not own a phone. But CDRs are nevertheless better than simulations based on stale, unreliable statistics. If researchers could track population flows from an area where an outbreak had occurred, they could see where it would be likeliest to break out next--and therefore where they should deploy their limited resources.
Yet despite months of talks, and the efforts of the mobile-phone operators' trade association and several smaller UN agencies, telecom operators have not let researchers use the data (see "Ebola and big data: Waiting on hold").
One excuse is privacy, which is certainly a legitimate worry, particularly in countries fresh from civil war, or where tribal tensions exist. But the phone data can be anonymised and aggregated in a way that alleviates these concerns. A bigger problem is institutional inertia. Big data is a new field. The people who grasp the benefits of examining mobile-phone usage tend to be young, and lack the clout to free them for research use.
<h3>It's an old problem</h3>
This needs to change. Governments should require mobile operators to give approved researchers access to their CDRs. The data will obviously not by themselves prevent this outbreak from turning into a disaster. That will take an extraordinary combination of new drugs, careful prevention and patient care, among other things. But the health workers dealing with Ebola on the ground need all the help they can get.
Click <a href="https://subscriptions.economist.com/nwcd">here</a> to subscribe to The Economist.<img class="nc_pixel" src="https://pixel.newscred.com/px.gif?key=YXJ0aWNsZT1kNjNjYzY0NGUyMmRhZDU1ODQzYjYxMTIyNjNhM2E2OCZwdWJsaXNoZXI9OGMwMGZiZWU2MWQ1YmNmMGM2MDkyZDhiOTJlYmJjYTE=" border="0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="line-height: 1.5em;" />

How Cellphone Data Could Help Fight Ebola

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right click-to-enlarge"><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Reuters/Andrea Comas" title_caption="Juan Manuel Parra, a doctor who treated Spanish nurse Teresa Romero Ramos who contracted Ebola, talks on a mobile phone by the window of the isolation ward" class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544a9cfeeab8ea376c608ad2-960/phone-ebola-patient.jpg"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544a9cfeeab8ea376c608ad2-1200-924/phone-ebola-patient.jpg?maxX=600" border="0" alt="phone ebola patient" width="600" /></a>Reuters/Andrea ComasJuan Manuel Parra, a doctor who treated Spanish nurse Teresa Romero Ramos who contracted Ebola, talks on a mobile phone by the window of the isolation ward</div></div>Mobile-phone records are an invaluable tool to combat Ebola. They should be made available to researchers.
With at least 4,500 people dead, public-health authorities in west Africa and worldwide are struggling to contain Ebola. Borders have been closed, air passengers screened, schools suspended. But a promising tool for epidemiologists lies unused: mobile-phone data.
When people make mobile-phone calls, the network generates a call data record (CDR) containing such information as the phone numbers of the caller and receiver, the time of the call and the tower that handled it--which gives a rough indication of the device's location. This information provides researchers with an insight into mobility patterns. Indeed phone companies use these data to decide where to build base stations and thus improve their networks, and city planners use them to identify places to extend public transport.
But perhaps the most exciting use of CDRs is in the field of epidemiology. Until recently the standard way to model the spread of a disease relied on extrapolating trends from census data and surveys. CDRs, by contrast, are empirical, immediate and updated in real time. You do not have to guess where people will flee to or move.
Researchers have used them to map malaria outbreaks in Kenya and Namibia and to monitor the public response to government health warnings during Mexico's swine-flu epidemic in 2009. Models of population movements during a cholera outbreak in Haiti following the earthquake in 2010 used CDRs and provided the best estimates of where aid was most needed.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Reuters/Susan Vera" title_caption="Unidentified patients talk on the phone as they cover their heads and faces while leaning out of their windowsat an isolation ward on the fifth floor at Madrid's Carlos III Hospital " class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544a9de66bb3f7de33608acd-960/ebola-phone.jpg"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/544a9de66bb3f7de33608acd-1200-600/ebola-phone.jpg" border="0" alt="ebola phone" /></a>Reuters/Susan VeraUnidentified patients talk on the phone as they cover their heads and faces while leaning out of their windowsat an isolation ward on the fifth floor at Madrid's Carlos III Hospital </div></div></div>
Doing the same with Ebola would be hard: in west Africa most people do not own a phone. But CDRs are nevertheless better than simulations based on stale, unreliable statistics. If researchers could track population flows from an area where an outbreak had occurred, they could see where it would be likeliest to break out next--and therefore where they should deploy their limited resources.
Yet despite months of talks, and the efforts of the mobile-phone operators' trade association and several smaller UN agencies, telecom operators have not let researchers use the data (see "Ebola and big data: Waiting on hold").
One excuse is privacy, which is certainly a legitimate worry, particularly in countries fresh from civil war, or where tribal tensions exist. But the phone data can be anonymised and aggregated in a way that alleviates these concerns. A bigger problem is institutional inertia. Big data is a new field. The people who grasp the benefits of examining mobile-phone usage tend to be young, and lack the clout to free them for research use.
<h3>It's an old problem</h3>
This needs to change. Governments should require mobile operators to give approved researchers access to their CDRs. The data will obviously not by themselves prevent this outbreak from turning into a disaster. That will take an extraordinary combination of new drugs, careful prevention and patient care, among other things. But the health workers dealing with Ebola on the ground need all the help they can get.
Click <a href="https://subscriptions.economist.com/nwcd">here</a> to subscribe to The Economist.<img class="nc_pixel" src="https://pixel.newscred.com/px.gif?key=YXJ0aWNsZT1kNjNjYzY0NGUyMmRhZDU1ODQzYjYxMTIyNjNhM2E2OCZwdWJsaXNoZXI9OGMwMGZiZWU2MWQ1YmNmMGM2MDkyZDhiOTJlYmJjYTE=" border="0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="line-height: 1.5em;" />

Ebola And Big Data: A Call For Help

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/543f8381eab8ea5240f582cd-1200-924/typhone-hayan.jpg?maxX=800" border="0" alt="Typhone Hayan" width="800">AP Photo/Bullit MarquezTyphoon Haiyan, in the Philippines, took the deadliest toll: almost 8,000 people died.</img></div></div>Geneva (AFP) - Natural disasters claimed over 22,000 lives last year, with Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines the deadliest of all, the Red Cross said Thursday.
In its annual report on disasters, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) warned that the outlook was bleak.
"Climate change is leading to damaged livelihoods and increased vulnerabilities. Natural hazards are also becoming more frequent and extreme," said IFRC head Elhadj As Sy.
"The resulting stresses on social, physical and economic systems are shifting the world into a new era of risk," he added.
Haiyan, which struck in November 2013, slammed a massive storm surge into the city of Tacloban and surrounding communities in the eastern province of Leyte.
At least 7,986 perished, the IFRC said.
The next-deadliest disaster was the June 2013 monsoon flooding in India, which killed 6,054 people.
Last year's overall natural disaster death toll was 22,452, the IFRC said.
That was well under the 2004-2013 average of 97,954 per year.
It was also far below the decade's peak year, 2004, when 242,829 people perished, mostly in the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
The number of people affected by disasters in 2013 -- almost 100 million, overwhelmingly in Asia -- was also the lowest in a decade.
But the report's lead editor Terry Cannon said tolls were only part of the story.
"Major hazards and disasters are distributed randomly. So comparing year-on-year in a data set like this is not very useful," he said.
What tolls can reveal, however, is a country's ability to head off catastrophe.
For example, 36 people died when Cyclone Phailin hit India in October 2013.
Thousands of lives were saved thanks to a widely-praised risk reduction programme which included pre-planned evacuation, repeated this week when Cyclone Hudhud struck.
More people in harm's way
Rapid economic shifts, population growth and urbanization in developing nations are putting more people in harm's way, while experts warn that climate change driven by emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases is causing more frequent extreme weather events.
Besides thinking up risk reduction plans, governments and aid agencies need to make more effort to understand the lives of people in danger zones, said Cannon.
"The vast majority of people do not die or suffer in disasters. They suffer because of the problems of everyday life, whether it's bad water, poor nutrition, or bad health," he said.
"People don't give priority to severe hazards. They will highlight their day-to-day problems, health, malaria, water supply, not enough food, not enough jobs," he added.
The report said that estimated economic damage in 2013, at $119 billion, was the fourth-lowest in a decade.
However, financial totals do not show the full picture either.
Developed countries traditionally see the most expensive single disasters in terms of losses and insurance claims, given their wealthier economies and extensive insurance penetration.
In 2011, for example, when Japan was battered by a massive earthquake and tsunami, estimated global disaster losses rocketed to $391 billion.
The situation in poorer countries is less clear, notably if a disaster does not strike industrial areas, and because insurance coverage is far less widespread.
"The damage to things that are valued in dollars can be very small. What you have to measure is the loss of livelihoods, of millions of people's livelihoods, fishing boats, their nets, their villages, their houses," said Cannon.
"They are not measured in dollar terms, they're not insured, they're not even counted in the international statistics," he said.

You Searched For "Malaria statistics" and got 6 results

92 Wonderful Gifts That Scotland Gave To The World

Dina Spector

Do you feel useless? You're not alone...

Henry Blodget,David Plotz

How Cellphone Data Could Help Fight Ebola

The Economist

Ebola And Big Data: A Call For Help

The Economist

There Were 22,000 People Killed By Natural Disasters In 2013, The Lowest In A Decade

AFP

Inside 'Africa's North Korea': An escaped artist describes life inside the repressive and secretive state

Oscar Williams-Grut